TEDSalon London Fall 2011
Erik Johansson: Impossible photography
埃里克·约翰松：神奇的照片
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埃里克•约翰松创作了一些可以展示现实中不存在的风景的写实主义照片，这种创作手法重在捕捉灵感，而不是瞬间。在这个引人入胜幽默诙谐的演讲中，这位PS巫师向大家展示了他是运用什么方法让这些奇异的场景充满活力，又保留了真实自然的感觉。
Erik Johansson - Photographer and retoucher
Photographer Erik Johansson creates impossible but photorealistic images that capture an idea, not a moment. Full bio
Photographer Erik Johansson creates impossible but photorealistic images that capture an idea, not a moment. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm here to share my photography.
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今天我想在此跟大家分享一下我的摄影作品
00:19
Or is it photography?
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或者说，这张也是摄影作品么？
00:22
Because, of course, this is a photograph
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因为，这显然是一张照片
00:24
that you can't take with your camera.
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但却是你用相机拍不出来的
00:26
Yet, my interest in photography started
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然而，我对摄影的兴趣
00:28
as I got my first digital camera
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始于我拿到第一个数码相机后
00:30
at the age of 15.
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那时候我15岁
00:33
It mixed with my earlier passion for drawing,
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这里面夹杂了我之前对绘画的热爱
00:35
but it was a bit different,
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但是有一点不一样
00:37
because using the camera,
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因为使用照相机的时候
00:39
the process was in the planning instead.
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整个过程已经提前计划好了
00:42
And when you take a photograph with a camera,
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当你拿起相机拍照
00:45
the process ends when you press the trigger.
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当你摁下快门的时候整个过程也就结束了
00:49
So to me it felt like photography was more about
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所以在我看来摄影更注重
00:51
being at the right place and the right time.
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适当的拍摄地点和时间
00:54
I felt like anyone could do that.
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我觉得任何人都可以做这件事
00:57
So I wanted to create something different,
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所以我想做点特别的
01:00
something where the process starts
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特别之处就在于当你摁下快门时
01:02
when you press the trigger.
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整个过程才刚刚开始
01:05
Photos like this:
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比如这张照片（展现的是）：
01:07
construction going on along a busy road.
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一条繁忙的公路旁边正在进行施工
01:09
But it has an unexpected twist.
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（题材平凡，）但手法出人意料
01:12
And despite that,
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尽管如此
01:14
it retains a level of realism.
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它仍然保留了一份现实主义感
01:17
Or photos like these --
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或者像这样的照片
01:20
both dark and colorful,
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既有暗色也有彩色
01:23
but all with a common goal
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但是其目的都是
01:25
of retaining the level of realism.
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为了保留一份现实主义感
01:27
When I say realism,
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我说的现实主义
01:29
I mean photo-realism.
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指的是照片的现实主义
01:31
Because, of course,
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因为这的确
01:33
it's not something you can capture really,
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不是你可以真正抓住的东西
01:36
but I always want it to look like it could have been captured somehow
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但是我总想让它看起来像是可以用某种方式
01:39
as a photograph.
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被抓拍下来一样
01:41
Photos where you will need a brief moment to think
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这些照片需要你能够快速
01:44
to figure out the trick.
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找出它们背后的技巧
01:46
So it's more about capturing an idea
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所以更注重的是捕捉一个灵感
01:48
than about capturing a moment really.
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而不是捕捉一个真实存在的瞬间
01:51
But what's the trick
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但是使这些照片看起来
01:53
that makes it look realistic?
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很写实的技巧是什么呢？
01:55
Is it something about the details
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是关于细节？
01:57
or the colors?
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还是关于色彩？
01:59
Is it something about the light?
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还是关于光线？
02:02
What creates the illusion?
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是什么促成了这种幻觉？
02:06
Sometimes the perspective is the illusion.
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有时候不同的视角造成不同的幻觉
02:09
But in the end, it comes down to how we interpret the world
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但最终，还是要归结于我们如何理解这个世界
02:12
and how it can be realized on a two-dimensional surface.
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以及这种理解如何在一个二维空间得以体现
02:15
It's not really what is realistic,
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这并不是关于什么是真的
02:17
it's what we think looks realistic really.
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而是关于我们认为什么看起来像是真的
02:21
So I think the basics
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所以我认为这些基本原理
02:23
are quite simple.
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其实很简单
02:25
I just see it as a puzzle of reality
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我把它看做是现实世界的一个拼图
02:28
where you can take different pieces of reality and put it together
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在这里你可以把现实世界的不同片段拼凑起来
02:31
to create alternate reality.
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创造另一种真实
02:34
And let me show you a simple example.
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让我来举个简单的例子
02:37
Here we have three perfectly imaginable physical objects,
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这里有三个完全可想象到并真实存在的物体
02:41
something we all can relate to living in a three-dimensional world.
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我们可以在现实的三维世界里找到它们
02:44
But combined in a certain way,
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但若将这些物体用某种方式组合起来
02:47
they can create something that still looks three-dimensional,
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就可以创造出视觉上依然是三维的物体
02:51
like it could exist.
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就好像它是会存在的
02:53
But at the same time, we know it can't.
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但是同时我们很清楚它不可能存在
02:56
So we trick our brains,
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就这样我们骗了自己的大脑
02:58
because our brain simply doesn't accept the fact
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因为大脑就是不肯接受
03:00
that it doesn't really make sense.
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这个物体其实并不存在这一事实
03:02
And I see the same process
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组合照片
03:05
with combining photographs.
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也是如此
03:08
It's just really about combining different realities.
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确实只是把不同的现实画面组合起来
03:12
So the things that make a photograph look realistic,
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所以使一张照片看起来逼真的事物
03:16
I think it's the things that we don't even think about,
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是那些我们平时甚至不会去想
03:19
the things all around us in our daily lives.
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但在日常生活中随处可见的东西
03:23
But when combining photographs,
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但是当我们组合照片的时候
03:25
this is really important to consider,
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这点就值得我们着重思考了
03:27
because otherwise it just looks wrong somehow.
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否则它看起来就会别扭
03:31
So I would like to say that there are three simple rules to follow
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我想说的是我们要遵守三个简单的原则
03:34
to achieve a realistic result.
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为了达到一个逼真的效果
03:37
As you can see, these images aren't really special.
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你们看，这些图像并不特别
03:40
But combined, they can create something like this.
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但是组合起来，它们就可以创造出这样的画面
03:47
So the first rule is that photos combined
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所以第一原则就是所有被组合的照片
03:49
should have the same perspective.
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都展现同样的视角
03:51
Secondly, photos combined
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第二，被组合的照片
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should have the same type of light.
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还要有相同的光线
03:56
And these two images both fulfill these two requirements --
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这两张照片都符合这两样要求
03:59
shot at the same height and in the same type of light.
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它们都摄于相同的拍摄高度和相同的光线下
04:03
The third one is about making it impossible to distinguish
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第三个原则是要让人难以分辨
04:06
where the different images begin and end
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这些不同照片的衔接点
04:09
by making it seamless.
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使衔接看起来天衣无缝
04:12
Make it impossible to say
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使任何人都道不出
04:14
how the image actually was composed.
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这图片是如何创作而成的
04:16
So by matching color, contrast and brightness
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通过匹配不同照片边缘的
04:20
in the borders between the different images,
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色彩，对比度以及亮度
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adding photographic defects
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再加入一下摄影瑕疵
04:24
like depth of field,
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比如视野的深度
04:26
desaturated colors and noise,
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去饱和的色彩和噪音
04:29
we erase the borders between the different images
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我们可以除去不同照片之间的边界
04:31
and make it look like one single image,
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使其看起来就像是一张单一的照片
04:34
despite the fact that one image
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即使一张照片
04:36
can contain hundreds of layers basically.
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可包含上百个图层
04:40
So here's another example.
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这里还有一个例子
04:43
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:45
One might think that this is just an image of a landscape
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有人可能认为这只是一张风景图
04:48
and the lower part is what's manipulated.
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下面的部分是处理过的
04:51
But this image is actually entirely composed
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但是这张照片其实整个都是
04:54
of photographs from different locations.
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由不同地方拍摄的很多照片组合起来的
04:57
I personally think that it's easier to actually create a place
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我个人认为创造一个地方比找到一个地方
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than to find a place,
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要容易一些
05:02
because then you don't need to compromise
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因为你不用
05:04
with the ideas in your head.
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与自己大脑的想法妥协
05:06
But it does require a lot of planning.
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但是这确实需要很多规划
05:09
And getting this idea during winter,
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去年冬天产生这个想法时
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I knew that I had several months to plan it,
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我知道我有几个月的时间去规划这件事
05:13
to find the different locations
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基本上要到不同的地点
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for the pieces of the puzzle basically.
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找这一拼图所需的图片
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So for example,
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比如
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the fish was captured on a fishing trip.
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这条鱼摄于一次垂钓航行
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The shores are from a different location.
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海岸拍摄于另一个地点
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The underwater part was captured in a stone pit.
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水下的部分摄于一个采石场
05:28
And yeah, I even turned the house on top of the island red
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对了，我还把岛上的房子调成红色的了
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to make it look more Swedish.
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使它看起来更具瑞典风
05:34
So to achieve a realistic result,
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为了达到一个逼真的效果
05:36
I think it comes down to planning.
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我认为最重要的就是规划
05:39
It always starts with a sketch, an idea.
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总是会先出现一个大概的构思和想法
05:43
Then it's about combining the different photographs.
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然后就是组合不同的照片
05:46
And here every piece is very well planned.
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这里每一个图片都是经过仔细规划的
05:49
And if you do a good job capturing the photos,
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如果你能抓拍到很好的照片，
05:52
the result can be quite beautiful
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效果会很美。
05:54
and also quite realistic.
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而且也很逼真
05:58
So all the tools are out there,
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所以其实所有的工具都在那
06:02
and the only thing that limits us
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唯一限制我们的
06:05
is our imagination.
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是我们的想象力
06:09
Thank you.
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谢谢大家
06:11
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Erik Johansson - Photographer and retoucherPhotographer Erik Johansson creates impossible but photorealistic images that capture an idea, not a moment.
Why you should listen
Erik Johansson is a self-taught photograher who learned how to retouch photos to make impossible and extraordinary images. Growing up with a grandmother who painted and a penchant for escaping into the other worlds of video games, he naturally blended the two into a technique using computers to generate images that couldn't be captured by a camera.
Erik Johansson | Speaker | TED.com