ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Birch - Digital money and identity consultant
David Birch is a digital money and ID consultant paving the way for a 21st-century identity.

Why you should listen

David G.W. Birch is a Director of Consult Hyperion, an electronic identity and transactions consultant. He is the Chairman of the annual Digital Money Forum and Digital Identity Forum in London and he has written for several publications including more than a hundred Second Sight columns for The Guardian newspaper. In 2007, he published Digital Identity Management: Technological, Business and Social Implications under Gower Publishing Ltd. He hosts the Consult Hyperion podcast -- conversations with identity and digital transaction experts.

More profile about the speaker
David Birch | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxSussexUniversity

David Birch: A new way to stop identity theft

戴維•波奇: 阻止身份窃取的新招

Filmed:
236,526 views

调酒师需要你的年龄,商家需要你的密码,但几乎没有谁会在乎你的姓名——除了那些身份窃贼。身份专家戴維•波奇提出一个更为安全的个人身份鉴别方案——一种“碎片式”方案——无需再要求你使用真名。
- Digital money and identity consultant
David Birch is a digital money and ID consultant paving the way for a 21st-century identity. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
So I thought I'd talk about identity身分.
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我要讲的和身份有关。
对我来说,这是一个相当有趣的话题。
00:15
That's sort分类 of an interesting有趣
enough足够 topic话题 to me.
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00:18
And the reason原因 was,
because when I was asked to do this,
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因为当我受邀来做这次演讲时,
00:21
I'd just read, in one of the papers文件,
I can't remember记得,
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我正好读到一篇文章, 我不大记得具体是哪篇了,
00:24
something from someone有人 at FacebookFacebook的
saying, well,
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是脸书上某个人分享,文章说:
00:28
"we need to make everybody每个人
use their real真实 names."
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“我们需要使每个人都使用真名。”
这样一来,所有问题 基本上都会迎刃而解。
00:29
and then that's basically基本上
all the problems问题 solved解决了.
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真是大错而特错。
00:32
And that's so wrong错误,
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00:34
that's such这样 a fundamentally从根本上,
reactionary反动 view视图 of identity身分,
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这根本就是一种关于身份的谬论,
00:38
and it's going to get us
into all sorts排序 of trouble麻烦.
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这会使得我们陷入各种麻烦。
所以我想,
00:40
And so what I thought I'd do
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首先解释关于身份的四个问题,
00:41
is I'll explain说明 four
sort分类 of problems问题 about it,
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然后提出我的解决方案,
00:45
and then I'll suggest建议 a solution,
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00:47
which哪一个 hopefully希望 you
might威力 find interesting有趣.
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希望各位也会感兴趣。
我们先设定这样一个问题,
00:49
So just to frame the problem问题,
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00:51
what does authenticity真伪 mean?
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何为真实性?
00:53
That's me, that's
a camera相机 phone电话 picture图片 of me
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这个是我用手机拍摄的照片,
00:58
looking at a painting绘画.
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那时我正在看一幅油画。
00:59
[What's the Problem问题?]
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”问题出在哪里?“
01:00
That's a painting绘画 that was painted
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这是由一位知名的伪造者
01:01
by a very famous著名 forger锻工,
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完成的油画,
01:03
and because I'm not very good
at presentations简报,
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因为我不是很擅长演讲,
我这会已想不起来我记在 卡片上的那个伪造者的名字了。
01:05
I already已经 can't remember记得 the name名称
that I wrote on my card.
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他被监禁在韦克菲尔德监狱,
01:08
And he was incarcerated嵌顿
in, I think, Wakefield韦克菲尔德 Prison监狱
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01:12
for forging锻造 masterpieces名作 by,
I think, French法国 Impressionists印象派.
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罪名是伪造法国印象派 画家的杰出作品。
01:15
And he's so good at it,
that when he was in prison监狱,
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他对此相当擅长, 以至于在他服刑期间
01:19
everybody每个人 in prison监狱,
the governor州长 and whatever随你,
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监狱里的每一个人, 包括监狱长之类的,
01:20
wanted him to paint涂料 masterpieces名作
to put on the walls墙壁,
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都希望请他画一些 这样的杰作,挂在自家墙头。
01:23
because they were so good.
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因为他实在是画得很棒,
01:24
And so that's a masterpiece杰作,
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这就是其中一副杰作,
01:26
which哪一个 is a fake of a masterpiece杰作,
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一副伪造的赝品,
01:28
and bonded保税 into the canvas帆布 is a chip芯片
which哪一个 identifies识别 that as a real真实 fake,
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画框上有一个小芯片, 用于标示它是一副“真正的赝品”,
01:34
if you see what I mean.
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如果你们理解我的意思的话。
01:36
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:37
So when we're talking about authenticity真伪,
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因此当我们谈论真实性的时候,
01:39
it's a little more fractal分形 than it appears出现
and that's a good example to show显示 it.
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总是比看起来要更复杂, 而那就是一个很好的例子。
01:45
I tried试着 to pick four problems问题
that will frame the issue问题 properly正确.
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我尝试选择四个问题, 来合理的组织这个话题。
01:49
So the first problem问题, I thought,
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我想,第一个问题应该是
芯片和密码, 是吧?
01:50
Chip芯片 and PIN, right?
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01:52
[Banks银行 and legacies遗产
bringing使 down the system系统 from within]
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“银行遗产使得系统从内部崩溃”
01:53
[Offline离线 solutions解决方案 do not work online线上]
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”离线方案无法在线运行“
01:54
I'm guessing揣测 everyone's大家的 got
a chip芯片 and PIN card, right?
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我想每个人都应该有 一张芯片卡,对吧?
01:57
So why is that a good example?
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为什么说它是一个好例证呢?
01:59
That's the example of how
legacy遗产 thinking思维 about identity身分
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因为它从遗产的角度展现了,
02:02
subverts颠覆 the security安全
of a well-constructed构建良好的 system系统.
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身份如何摧毁一个健壮的系统。
02:05
That chip芯片 and PIN card
that's in your pocket口袋
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你口袋里的芯片卡
02:08
has a little chip芯片 on it
that cost成本 millions百万 of pounds英镑 to develop发展,
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上面有一块小芯片, 那是耗资数百万英镑开发出来的,
02:11
is extremely非常 secure安全,
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它非常安全,
02:13
you can put scanning扫描
electron电子 microscopes显微镜 on it,
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你可以放一个扫描电子显微镜在上面,
或者试试磨损它之类的。
02:15
you can try and grind研磨 it down,
blah胡说 blah胡说 blah胡说.
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这些芯片其实从没被毁坏过, 无论报纸上怎么说。
02:17
Those chips芯片 have never been broken破碎,
whatever随你 you read in the paper.
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02:20
And for a joke玩笑,
we take that super-secure超安全 chip芯片
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说个笑话吧, 我们持有超级安全的芯片卡,
02:24
and we bond it to a trivially平凡
counterfeitablecounterfeitable magnetic磁性 stripe条纹
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把它们绑在一个稍许伪造的磁条上,
02:27
and for very lazy criminals罪犯,
we still emboss浮雕 the card.
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针对那些很懒的罪犯, 我们在磁条上做了浮雕图案。
02:31
So if you're a criminal刑事 in a hurry匆忙
and you need to copy复制 someone's谁家 card,
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如果你是一个心急的犯案分子, 你想要复制某人的卡片,
02:34
you can just stick a piece of paper on it
and rub a pencil铅笔 over it
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你只需要贴一张纸在上面, 用铅笔涂就可以了,
02:37
just to sort分类 of speed速度 things up.
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这样就可以加快速度。
02:38
And even more amusingly可笑,
and on my debit借方 card too,
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更有趣的是,我们的借记卡也这样。
02:41
we print打印 the name名称 and the SALT code
and everything else其他 on the front面前 too.
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我们在正面印上姓名, SALT码和其他信息。
02:44
Why?
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为什么呢?
02:47
There is no earthly俗世的 reason原因 why your name名称
is printed印刷的 on a chip芯片 and PIN card.
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似乎没什么站得住脚理由, 把我们的名字印在芯片卡上。
02:51
And if you think about it,
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如果你仔细想想,
02:53
it's even more insidious阴险 and perverse
than it seems似乎 at first.
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就会觉得更加荒谬反常了。
02:56
Because the only people that benefit效益
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因为整个事情的真正受益者
02:58
from having the name名称
on the card are criminals罪犯.
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只有犯罪分子。
03:00
You know what your name名称 is, right?
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你是知道自己的名字的,对吧?
03:02
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:03
And when you go into
a shop and buy购买 something,
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当你去商店购物的时候,
03:05
it's a PIN, he doesn't care关心
what the name名称 is.
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只需要你的密码, 不会关心你叫什么姓名。
03:08
The only place地点 where you ever have
to write your name名称 on the back
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要求你必须在卡背面 写上自己名字的地方,
03:11
is in America美国 at the moment时刻.
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目前只有美国。
每次去美国的时候,
03:12
And whenever每当 I go to America美国,
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03:13
and I have to pay工资 with a magMAG stripe条纹
on the back of the card,
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我必须用卡背面的磁条付款,
03:15
I always sign标志 it Carlos卡洛斯 Tethers系绳 anyway无论如何,
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我的签名一直是“卡洛斯•特瑟”,
这是一种安全机制。
03:17
just as a security安全 mechanism机制,
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03:19
because if a transaction交易
ever gets得到 disputed争议,
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因为一旦有有争议的付款出现,
03:21
and it comes back and it says Dave戴夫 Birch桦木,
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显示签名戴維•波奇,
我就能判别那一定是犯罪分子,
03:23
I know it must必须 have been a criminal刑事,
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因为我从来不会签自己的真名。
03:25
because I would never sign标志 it Dave戴夫 Birch桦木.
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03:28
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:29
So if you drop下降 your card in the street,
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如果你弄丢了你的卡,
03:31
it means手段 a criminal刑事
can pick it up and read it.
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这就意味着可能被犯罪分子捡到,
03:33
They know the name名称,
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他们认得你的名字,
03:34
from the name名称 they can find the address地址,
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并能根据你的姓名找到地址,
这样他们就可以拿着去网上购物了。
03:35
and then they can go off
and buy购买 stuff东东 online线上.
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那么为什么我们要把姓名写在卡上呢?
03:38
Why do we put the name名称 on the card?
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03:40
Because we think identity身分
is something to do with names,
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因为我们认为身份和姓名有关,
03:44
and because we're rooted
in the idea理念 of the identity身分 card,
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而身份证的概念深入我们内心,
03:47
which哪一个 obsesses占据心思 us.
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没法摆脱。
03:49
And I know it crashed坠毁 and burned
a couple一对 of years年份 ago,
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我知道十几年前这个话题 被吵得热火朝天,
但如果你是政客或者内政部的什么人,
03:51
but if you're someone有人 in politics政治
or the home office办公室 or whatever随你,
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03:56
and you think about identity身分,
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对于你来说,
身份就只能靠卡片上的姓名定义了。
03:57
you can only think of identity身分
in terms条款 of cards with names on them.
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在现代社会这是极具颠覆性的。
04:00
And that's very subversive颠覆
in a modern现代 world世界.
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04:04
So the second第二 example I thought I'd use
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第二个我想用的是
04:06
is chatrooms聊天室.
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聊天室的例子。
04:08
[Chatrooms聊天室 and Children孩子]
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”聊天室和孩子“
04:09
I'm very proud骄傲 of that picture图片,
that's my son儿子
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我对这张照片非常引以为豪, 这是我的儿子,
04:11
playing播放 in his band with his friends朋友
for the first-ever史无前例的 gig演出,
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和他的朋友组合的乐队 在举行他们的首次演出。
04:15
I believe you call it, where he got paid支付.
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我相信你们会这么称呼它, 他是有收入的。
04:17
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:18
And I love that picture图片.
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我爱死这幅图片了,
04:20
I like the picture图片 of him
getting得到 into medical school学校 a lot better,
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我更喜欢他进医学院的那张,
04:22
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:23
I like that picture图片 for the moment时刻.
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不过我现在是喜欢那张更多一些。
04:25
Why do I use that picture图片?
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我为什么用这个呢?
04:26
Because that was very interesting有趣,
watching观看 that experience经验 as an old person.
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因为作为一个老人回顾这些经历, 实在很有趣。
他(我的儿子)和他的朋友们,
04:31
So him and his friends朋友,
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04:33
they get together一起, they booked预订 a room房间,
like a church教会 hall大厅,
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一起租了一间类似教堂大厅的房间。
04:35
and they got all their friends朋友
who had bands,
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他们召集了所有玩乐队的朋友,
04:37
and they got them together一起,
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把他们聚在一起,
这些都是完全通过脸书完成的。
04:39
and they do it all on FacebookFacebook的,
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然后他们出售演出票, 那上面的第一个乐队 ——
04:40
and then they sell tickets门票,
and the first band on the -
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04:44
I was going to say "menu菜单,"
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我刚才想说在“菜单”上面,
04:45
that's probably大概
the wrong错误 word for it, isn't it?
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这个词也许用得不对吧?
在列表中的第一个乐队,
04:47
The first band on the list名单 of bands
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04:49
that appears出现 at some
public上市 music音乐 performance性能 of some kind
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在某种公众表演中
04:54
gets得到 the sales销售 from the first 20 tickets门票,
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销售了第一个 20 张演出票,
04:56
then the next下一个 band gets得到 the next下一个 20,
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第二个乐队卖掉下一个 20 张,
04:58
and so on.
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以此类推。
04:59
They were at the bottom底部 of the menu菜单,
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我儿子的乐队在菜单的最下面,
05:00
they were like fifth第五,
I thought they had no chance机会.
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大约第五个, 我本想他们没什么机会了,
05:02
He actually其实 got 20 quid. Fantastic奇妙, right?
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但他们竟然赚了 20 英镑, 很不可思议,对吧?
05:04
But my point is,
that all worked工作 perfectly完美,
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我想要说的是, 所有一切都运作很完美,
05:06
except on the web卷筒纸.
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除了在网络上,
05:09
So they're sitting坐在 on FacebookFacebook的,
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他们通过脸书
05:11
and they're sending发出 these messages消息
and arranging整理 things
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传递消息,安排事情,
05:14
and they don't know who anybody任何人 is, right?
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他们并不知道谁是谁,对吧?
05:17
That's the big problem问题
we're trying to solve解决.
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这是我们正在设法解决的最大问题。
05:18
If only they were using运用 the real真实 names,
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只要他们使用了真实姓名,
05:20
Then you wouldn't不会 be worried担心
about them on the Internet互联网.
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你就不会再担心互联网上那些人了。
因此当他对我说,
05:23
And so when he says to me,
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“我想去聊天室谈一下吉他的事情” 诸如此类的,
05:24
"Oh, I want to go to a chatroom聊天室
to talk about guitars吉他" or something,
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05:28
I'm like, "oh, well,
I don't want you to go into a chatroom聊天室
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我差不多会说: “哦 我不想你去聊天室谈这些事,
05:32
to talk about guitars吉他, because
they might威力 not all be your friends朋友,
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因为他们可能不全是你的朋友,
05:35
and some of the people
that are in the chatroom聊天室
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聊天室的一些人
可能会是变态、老师、 或者传教士什么的。”
05:37
might威力 be perverts变态 and teachers教师
and vicars教区牧师."
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05:41
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:43
I mean, they generally通常 are,
when you look in the paper, right?
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我的意思是,他们通常如此, 如果你看报纸的话,不是吗?
我想知道聊天室里都有些什么人。
05:46
So I want to know who
all the people in the chatroom聊天室 are.
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05:49
So okay, you can go in the chatroom聊天室,
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好吧,你可以去聊天室,
但除非每个人都用真名,
05:50
but only if everybody每个人 in the chatroom聊天室
is using运用 their real真实 names,
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而且提交了警方的完整案底。
05:53
and they submit提交 full充分 copies副本
of their police警察 report报告.
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05:58
But of course课程, if anybody任何人
in the chatroom聊天室 asked for his real真实 name名称,
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当然啦,如果聊天室里 有人要问我儿子的真实姓名,
我都会拒绝 。绝对不能给真名。
06:01
I'd say no.
You can't give them your real真实 name名称.
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06:03
Because what happens发生
if they turn out to be perverts变态,
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因为如果他们是变态怎么办?
06:06
and teachers教师 and whatever随你.
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是老师什么的怎么办?
06:09
So you have this odd sort分类 of paradox悖论
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所以说 你有这类怪异的矛盾
就是说,我乐意让他去一个
06:10
where I'm happy快乐 for him
to go into this space空间
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知道每个人身份的空间,
06:13
if I know who everybody每个人 else其他 is,
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06:15
but I don't want anybody任何人 else其他
to know who he is.
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但我不想让其他任何人知道他是谁。
06:17
And so you get
this sort分类 of logjam僵局 around identity身分
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就这样我们陷入了某种身份僵局,
06:19
where you want full充分 disclosure泄露
from everybody每个人 else其他,
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你希望每个人都完全公开,
06:21
but not from yourself你自己.
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除了你自己。
06:22
And there's no progress进展, we get stuck卡住.
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这样就不会有什么改观, 我们陷入了困境,
06:24
And so the chatroom聊天室 thing
doesn't work properly正确,
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而聊天室就没法正常运作了。
这是对于身份问题 一种糟糕的理解方式。
06:26
and it's a very bad way
of thinking思维 about identity身分.
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06:31
So on my RSSRSS feed饲料,
I saw this thing about -
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在我的简讯订阅单上 ——
06:34
I just said something bad
about my RSSRSS feed饲料, didn't I?
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我刚说了它的坏话了吧?
我不该再这么讲了。
06:36
I should stop saying it like that.
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06:38
For some random随机 reason原因, I can't imagine想像,
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一个偶然原因,我从未想象过,
06:40
something about cheerleaders啦啦队
turned转身 up in my inbox收件箱.
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一些关于拉拉队的事件 出现在我的收件箱。
06:42
And I read this story故事 about cheerleaders啦啦队,
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我读了他们的故事,
非常不可思议。
06:44
and it's a fascinating迷人 story故事.
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06:45
This happened发生 a couple一对 of years年份 ago
in the U.S.
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那是发生在十多年前的美国,
当时美国高中的队组中有一支拉拉队,
06:47
There were some cheerleaders啦啦队
in a team球队 at a high school学校
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06:50
in the U.S., and they said mean things
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他们对教练
06:53
about their cheerleading啦啦队 coach教练,
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言语刻薄。
06:54
as I'm sure kids孩子 do
about all of their teachers教师
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我确信孩子们对自己的老师
06:56
all of the time,
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一直都是这样。
06:58
and somehow不知何故 the cheerleading啦啦队 coach教练
found发现 out about this.
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不知怎么搞的, 拉拉队教练发现了这件事。
07:00
She was very upset烦乱.
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她非常愤怒。
07:01
And so she went to one of the girls女孩,
and said,
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于是她对其中的一个女孩说:
07:03
"you have to give me
your FacebookFacebook的 password密码."
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“把你的脸书密码交出来。”
我常常遇到类似的事, 即使是在大学,
07:06
I read this all the time,
where even at some universities高校
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07:09
and places地方 of education教育,
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在某些教育机构中,
07:10
kids孩子 are forced被迫 to hand over
their FacebookFacebook的 passwords密码.
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孩子们也要被迫交出自己的脸书密码。
07:12
So you've got to give them
your FacebookFacebook的 password密码.
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所以你也得这样。
07:15
She was a kid孩子!
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可她只是个孩子!
07:15
What she should have said
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她本来可以说:
07:17
is, "my lawyer律师 will be calling调用 you
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“我的律师明天
07:18
first thing in the morning早上.
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一早会打电话给你,
07:19
It's an outrageous蛮横的 imposition征收
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你侵犯了我
07:21
on my 4th Amendment修订 right to privacy隐私,
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第四修正案中的个人隐私权,
07:23
and you're going to be sued起诉
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你等着吃官司,
倾家荡产吧!“
07:23
for all the money you've got."
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07:24
That's what she should have said.
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她本该这样说,
07:25
But she's a kid孩子,
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可是她还是个小孩,
07:26
so she hands over the password密码.
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于是她上缴了她的密码。
07:28
The teacher老师 can't log日志 into FacebookFacebook的,
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老师当时没法登陆脸书,
07:30
because the school学校
has blocked受阻 access访问 to FacebookFacebook的.
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因为被学校网络封锁了,
07:33
So the teacher老师 can't log日志 into FacebookFacebook的
until直到 she gets得到 home.
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只能等到回家后。
07:35
So the girl女孩 tells告诉 her friends朋友,
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所以,当女孩把这件事 告诉她的朋友们之后,
猜猜发生了什么?
07:37
guess猜测 what happened发生?
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07:37
The teacher老师 logged记录 in, she knows知道.
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她知道老师会登陆,
所以她们纷纷通过手机,
07:39
So the girls女孩 just all logged记录 into FacebookFacebook的
on their phones手机,
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把所有的脸书资料都删除了。
07:41
and deleted删除 their profiles型材.
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07:43
And so when the teacher老师 logged记录 in,
there was nothing there.
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这样当老师们登陆的时候, 便一无所获。
07:45
My point is, those identities身份,
they don't think about them the same相同 way.
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我想强调的是,对于身份, 他们的理解方式不再一样了。
07:51
Identity身分 is, especially特别 when
you're a teenager青少年, a fluid流体 thing.
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身份是在流动变化着的, 特别在青少年阶段。
07:55
You have lots of identities身份.
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你会有多重身份,
07:56
And you can have an identity身分,
you don't like it,
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有的你可能不喜欢,
07:59
because it's subverted颠覆 in some way,
or it's insecure不安全, or it's inappropriate不当,
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因为它可能被破坏了, 或者不安全,或是不恰当。
你只需要删除它,找另一个,
08:02
you just delete删除 it and get another另一个 one.
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08:04
The idea理念 that you have an identity身分
that's given特定 to you by someone有人,
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那种被他人,比如政府之类,
08:08
the government政府 or whatever随你,
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赋予某种身份,
08:09
and you have to stick with that identity身分
and use it in all places地方,
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并且在任何地方都要沿用的想法,
08:11
that's absolutely绝对 wrong错误.
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真是大错特错。
08:12
Why would you want to really know
who someone有人 was on FacebookFacebook的,
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你会要想知道脸书上 某个人的真实身份吗?
08:15
unless除非 you wanted to abuse滥用 them
and harass骚扰 them in some way?
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除非你要诋毁或是侵扰他?
这种运作方式是不当的。
08:18
And it just doesn't work properly正确.
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08:21
And my fourth第四 example is
there are some cases
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我的第四个例子是,
08:23
where you really want to be -
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有一些情况下,你真的想要成为...
08:26
In case案件 you're wondering想知道,
that's me at the G20 protest抗议.
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也许你们也正在疑惑这幅图, 这是 G20 示威活动时的我。
08:29
I wasn't actually其实 at the G20 protest抗议,
but I had a meeting会议 at a bank银行
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不过我当时不是参与 G20示威, 而是在一个银行开会。
08:33
on the day of the G20 protest抗议,
and I got an email电子邮件 from the bank银行
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正好在同一天, 我收到一封来自银行的邮件,
08:36
saying please don't wear穿 a suit适合,
because it'll它会 inflame发炎 the protesters抗议者.
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让我别穿正装,这会激怒示威者。
08:41
I look pretty漂亮 good in a suit适合, frankly坦率地说,
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坦率的讲,我穿上正装还是挺不错的。
08:43
so you can see why it would drive驾驶 them
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所以你可以看到, 为什么这会让他们卷入
08:44
into an anti-capitalist反资本主义 frenzy发狂.
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反资本主义的狂热中。
(笑声)
08:46
(Laughter笑声)
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08:46
So I thought, well, look.
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所以我就想,好吧,你瞧,
08:47
If I don't want to inflame发炎 the protesters抗议者,
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如果我不愿意激怒示威者,
我显然要
08:50
the obvious明显 thing to do
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08:51
is go dressed连衣裙的 as a protester抗议者.
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像示威者一样着装。
于是我清一色黑衣,
08:53
So I went dressed连衣裙的 completely全然 in black黑色,
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08:55
you know, with a black黑色 balaclava巴拉克拉瓦,
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黑色的巴拉克拉法帽,
08:57
I had black黑色 gloves手套 on,
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黑色的手套,
08:57
but I've taken采取 them off
to sign标志 the visitor's访客 book.
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不过在来客簿上签名的时候, 我脱掉了它们。
(笑声)
08:59
(Laughter笑声)
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09:00
I'm wearing穿着 black黑色 trousers长裤, black黑色 boots靴子,
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我穿着黑色裤子,黑色靴子,
09:02
I'm dressed连衣裙的 completely全然 in black黑色.
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从头到脚都是黑色的。
09:03
I go into the bank银行 at 10 o'clock,
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我十点钟进的银行,
09:04
go, "Hi你好, I'm Dave戴夫 Birch桦木,
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我说:“你好,我是戴維•波奇,
09:05
I've got a 3 o'clock
with so and so there."
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我三点约了会议。“
09:07
Sure. They sign标志 me in.
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当然,他们让我进入了。
09:08
There's my visitor's访客 badge徽章.
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这是我的访客胸牌。
09:11
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
09:12
So this nonsense废话
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所以说,简直是无稽之谈,
09:13
about you've got to have real真实 names
on FacebookFacebook的 and whatever随你,
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你在脸书和其他任何地方都使用真名,
09:15
that gets得到 you that kind of security安全.
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就会让你获得某种安全。
09:17
That gets得到 you security安全 theater剧院,
where there's no actual实际 security安全,
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这就是一个安全剧场, 哪里没有真正所谓的安全,
09:22
but people are sort分类 of playing播放 parts部分
in a play about security安全.
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每个人都在这场有关安全的剧里 扮演某种角色。
09:25
And as long as
everybody每个人 learns获悉 their lines线,
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只要每个人都记得台词,
09:26
everyone's大家的 happy快乐.
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大家就都满意了。
09:28
But it's not real真实 security安全.
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但这不是真正的安全。
09:31
Especially特别 because I hate讨厌 banks银行
more than the G20 protesters抗议者 do,
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特别是我厌恶银行 胜过那些 G20 示威者,
09:34
because I work for them.
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因为我为他们工作,
09:35
I know that things are actually其实 worse更差
than these guys think.
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我知道的那些事情 要比他们所认为的糟糕得多。
09:38
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
09:41
But suppose假设 I worked工作
next下一个 to somebody in a bank银行
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假设在银行里工作时,我边上的同事
09:46
who was doing something.
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在做些什么事情,
09:56
Suppose假设 I was sitting坐在
next下一个 to a rogue流氓 trader商人,
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假设他在做流氓交易,
09:58
and I want to report报告 it
to the boss老板 of the bank银行.
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我想上报老板。
10:01
So I log日志 on to do
a little bit of whistleblowing举报.
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于是我登录,打算揭发他。
10:02
I send发送 a message信息,
this guy's家伙 a rogue流氓 trader商人.
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我发一条信息,说这个人是流氓交易员,
10:05
That message信息 is meaningless无意义的
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但这个信息是没有意义的,
10:06
if you don't know
that I'm a trader商人 at the bank银行.
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除非你知道我也是银行的交易员,
10:09
If that message信息 just comes from anybody任何人,
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如果这个消息可以从任何人而来,
那它的价值就是零了。
10:11
it has zero information信息 value.
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10:14
There's no point in sending发出 that message信息.
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这样的信息毫无意义。
10:18
But if I have to prove证明 who I am,
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但如果我必须要证实我自己的身份,
10:21
I'll never send发送 that message信息.
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那我绝不会发这条信息了。
就像医院里,护士要揭发 醉酒的手术医生。
10:22
It's just like the nurse护士 in the hospital醫院
reporting报告 the drunk surgeon外科医生.
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10:26
That message信息 will only happen发生
if I'm anonymous匿名.
264
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那么他只会匿名上报,
10:29
So the system系统 has to have ways方法
of providing提供 anonymity匿名 there,
265
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所以这样的系统必须要 提供匿名的途径。
10:34
otherwise除此以外 we don't get
where we want to get to.
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否则我不会达成我的目的。
所以,我要说的第四点就是, 对此我们能做些什么?
10:36
So four issues问题.
So what are we going to do about it?
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10:39
Well, what we tend趋向 to do about it
268
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我们要做的,
10:43
is we think about Orwell奥威尔 space空间.
269
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就是对解奥威尔空间的思考。
10:46
And we try to make electronic电子 versions版本
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我们尝试制作电子版本的身份证,
10:49
of the identity身分 card
that we got rid摆脱 of in 1953.
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那是早在1953年我们就废弃了的。
10:51
So we think if we had a card,
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如果我们有某种卡,
10:54
call it a FacebookFacebook的 login登录,
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就叫它脸书准入好了,
10:55
which哪一个 proves证明 who you are,
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1273
它能证明你是谁,
10:57
and I make you carry携带 it all the time,
275
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你随身带着它,
10:58
that solves解决了 the problem问题.
276
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794
就可以解决所有问题了。
10:59
And of course课程, for all those reasons原因
I've just outlined概述,
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当然,基于我刚才列出的种种原因,
11:01
it doesn't, and it might威力, actually其实,
278
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968
这也许不会真的解决问题,
11:02
make some problems问题 worse更差.
279
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1048
可能反倒会使问题变得更糟。
11:03
The more times you're forced被迫
to use your real真实 identity身分,
280
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被强制使用真实身份的次数越多,
11:06
certainly当然 in transactional交易 terms条款,
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2216
当然是在交易中,
11:09
the more likely容易 that identity身分
is to get stolen被盗 and subverted颠覆.
282
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2858
那么它被盗被毁的可能性就越大。
所以,我们的目标就是使人们
11:11
The goal目标 is to stop people
from using运用 identity身分
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2240
11:14
in transactions交易 which哪一个 don't need identity身分,
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在不必要的交易场合 不再出示真实身份。
11:16
which哪一个 is actually其实 almost几乎 all transactions交易.
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2485
其实几乎所有的交易都不需要。
11:18
Almost几乎 all of the transactions交易 you do
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2273
你参与的几乎所有交易,
11:21
are not, who are you?
287
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都不在乎你是谁,
11:22
They're, are you allowed允许 to drive驾驶 the car汽车,
288
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2110
而是,你是否被允许开车,
11:24
are you allowed允许 in the building建造,
289
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是否可以进入这幢大楼,
是否满18岁,
11:26
are you over 18,
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833
诸如之类。
11:27
etcetera诸如此类, etcetera诸如此类.
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11:29
So my suggestion-I建议-I, like James詹姆士,
292
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1807
所以我的建议,如詹姆斯一样,就是
11:31
think that there should be
a resurgence再起 of interest利益 in R & D.
293
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我认为这个问题应该重新 被研发重视起来。
11:34
I think this is a solvable可解 problem问题.
294
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761
它是可解的,
11:35
It's something we can do about.
295
683296
1796
对此我们可以有所作为。
11:37
Naturally自然, in these circumstances情况,
296
685116
1924
很自然的,在这样的情境下,
11:39
I turn to Doctor医生 Who.
297
687064
1350
我会向”神秘博士”求助。
11:40
Because in this,
298
688438
2112
因为在这本剧中,
11:42
as in so many许多 other walks散步 of life,
299
690574
1620
就像在现实生活中的各行各业,
神秘博士已经给了我们答案。
11:44
Doctor医生 Who has already已经 shown显示
us the answer回答.
300
692218
2929
11:47
So I should say,
301
695171
790
应该说,
11:47
for some of our foreign国外 visitors游客,
302
695985
2307
对于我们某些外籍游客,
11:50
Doctor医生 Who is the greatest最大
living活的 scientist科学家 in England英国,
303
698316
3830
神秘博士是英国最伟大的当代科学家,
11:54
(Laughter笑声)
304
702170
1553
(笑声)
11:55
and a beacon烽火 of truth真相 and enlightenment启示
to all of us.
305
703747
2776
也是我们每个人真理和启示的灯塔。
11:58
And this is Doctor医生 Who
with his psychic精神 paper.
306
706547
4046
这是神秘博士和他的通灵卡片。
12:02
Come on, you guys must必须 have seen看到
Doctor医生 Who's谁是 psychic精神 paper.
307
710617
2146
你们肯定读过这个,
12:04
You're not nerds书呆子 if you say yes.
308
712787
1976
读过又不意味着你就是书呆子。
12:06
Who's谁是 seen看到 Doctor医生 Who's谁是 psychic精神 paper?
309
714787
2112
谁见过神秘博士的通灵卡片?
12:08
Oh right, you were in the library图书馆
the whole整个 time studying研究 I guess猜测.
310
716923
2406
好吧,我猜你们一直都在图书馆学习,
12:11
Is that what you're going to tell us?
311
719353
2046
这就是你要告诉我们的吗?
12:13
Doctor医生 Who's谁是 psychic精神 paper
312
721423
1238
神秘博士的通灵卡片,
12:14
is when you hold保持 up the psychic精神 paper,
313
722685
2096
就是当你举起它的时候,
12:16
the person, in their brain,
314
724805
1514
这个人能在他们脑中
12:18
sees看到 the thing that they need to see.
315
726343
2325
看到他们所想要的。
12:20
So I want to show显示 you a British英国的 passport护照,
316
728692
2335
我想给你们看一个英国护照,
12:23
I hold保持 up the psychic精神 paper,
317
731051
1002
我举起通灵卡片,
12:24
you see a British英国的 passport护照.
318
732077
1456
你就可以看到一个英国护照;
12:25
I want to get into a party派对,
319
733557
1772
我想要参加一个派对,
12:27
I hold保持 up the psychic精神 paper,
320
735353
1583
只要我举起通灵卡片,
12:28
I show显示 you a party派对 invitation请帖.
321
736960
1429
你就可以看到一个派对邀请。
你可以看到你内心所想的。
12:30
You see what you want to see.
322
738413
2051
12:32
So what I'm saying is we need
to make an electronic电子 version of that,
323
740488
3191
我想说的是, 我们可以做一个电子版本,
但是要做出一个很小的改变,
12:35
but with one tiny, tiny change更改,
324
743703
2173
12:37
which哪一个 is that it'll它会 only show显示 you
the British英国的 passport护照
325
745900
2572
就是它只展示我的英国护照,
如果我确实有一张;
12:40
if I've actually其实 got one.
326
748496
1192
12:41
It'll它会 only show显示 you the party派对 invitation请帖
327
749712
1195
它会显示那个派对邀请,
12:42
if I actually其实 have one.
328
750931
1373
如果我也有这个;
12:44
It will only show显示 you that I'm over 18
if I actually其实 am over 18.
329
752328
3000
它也可以显示我已满18岁, 如果情况也属实的话。
但不会显示其它。
12:47
But nothing else其他.
330
755352
2300
12:49
So you're the bouncer保镖 at the pub酒馆,
you need to know that I'm over 18,
331
757676
4751
如果你是酒吧保镖, 要知道我是否满18岁,
12:54
instead代替 of showing展示 you my driving主动 license执照,
332
762451
2000
我不用出示我的驾照,
那就泄露了我会开车,
12:56
which哪一个 shows节目 you I know how to drive驾驶,
333
764475
1817
12:58
what my name名称 is, my address地址,
all these kind of things,
334
766316
2572
还透露我的姓名、地址之类的信息。
我给你看我的通灵卡片就可以了,
13:00
I show显示 you my psychic精神 paper,
335
768912
1555
13:02
and all it tells告诉 you is
am I over 18 or not.
336
770491
3142
它只告诉你我是否已满18岁。
13:05
Right.
337
773657
1412
是的。
13:07
Is that just a pipe dream梦想?
338
775093
1314
这只是白日梦么?
13:08
Of course课程 not, otherwise除此以外
I wouldn't不会 be here talking to you.
339
776431
1669
当然不是啦! 否则我不会在这里讲这么多。
13:10
So in order订购 to build建立 that
and make it work,
340
778124
3060
为了完成这个设想,让它付诸实际,
13:13
I'm only going to name名称 these things,
I'll not go into them,
341
781208
2747
我只讲讲需要的东西, 就不做具体解释了。
13:15
we need a plan计划,
342
783979
1153
我需要制定一个计划,
13:17
which哪一个 is we're going to build建立 this
343
785156
1225
建造这样一个
13:18
as an infrastructure基础设施 for everybody每个人 to use,
344
786405
2000
人人都可以使用的基础框架,
来解决所有问题。
13:20
to solve解决 all of these problems问题.
345
788429
1830
13:22
We're going to make a utility效用,
346
790283
2024
我们会制造一种功用,
13:24
the utility效用 has to be universal普遍,
347
792331
1524
它必须是普适的,
13:25
you can use it everywhere到处,
348
793879
859
你可以随处使用。
13:26
I'm just giving you little flashes闪烁
of the technology技术 as we go along沿.
349
794762
3191
我来为大家提供一点 有关这些技术的片段。
这是一个日本的自动提款机,
13:29
That's a Japanese日本 ATM自动取款机,
350
797977
1359
13:31
the fingerprint指纹 template模板
is stored存储 inside the mobile移动 phone电话.
351
799360
3084
指纹模板存储在手机里头。
13:34
So when you want to draw money out,
352
802468
963
如果你要取现金,
13:35
you put the mobile移动 phone电话 on the ATM自动取款机,
353
803455
1473
你可以把手机放在自动提款机上,
13:36
and touch触摸 your finger手指,
354
804952
1241
按指印,
13:38
your fingerprint指纹 goes through通过
to the phone电话,
355
806217
2048
你的指纹就传送到手机。
手机确认提款人身份后,
13:40
the phone电话 says yes, that's whoever,
356
808289
1667
自动提款机就会把现金递给你。
13:41
and the ATM自动取款机 then gives you some money.
357
809980
2180
13:44
It has to be a utility效用
that you can use everywhere到处.
358
812184
3013
这是一个你可以随处使用的功能,
13:47
It has to be absolutely绝对 convenient方便,
359
815221
1762
而且它必须非常方便快捷。
13:49
that's me going into the pub酒馆.
360
817007
3143
我要去酒吧,
13:52
All the device设备 on the door
of the pub酒馆 is allowed允许 is,
361
820174
2769
酒吧入口的设备会检测是否许可进入,
13:54
is this person over 18
and not barred禁止 from the pub酒馆?
362
822967
3649
依据我们是否满18岁。
13:58
And so the idea理念 is,
you touch触摸 your IDID card to the door,
363
826640
3306
这个想法就是, 让你的身份证接触门,
14:01
and if I am allowed允许 in,
it shows节目 my picture图片,
364
829970
1935
如果它允许你进入, 就会显示你的照片;
14:03
if I'm not allowed允许 in,
it shows节目 a red cross交叉.
365
831929
1437
如果不能,就会给你一个红叉。
14:05
It doesn't disclose透露 any other information信息.
366
833390
1591
这并没有泄露你的其他信息,
14:07
It has to have no special特别 gadgets小工具.
367
835005
1888
它必须没有什么特别的配件。
14:08
That can only mean one thing,
368
836917
1611
那就只意味着一件事,
14:10
following以下 on from Ross's罗斯 statement声明,
369
838552
1667
按照罗斯的声明往下说,
我完全同意其中的观点。
14:12
which哪一个 I agree同意 with completely全然.
370
840243
1454
14:13
If it means手段 no special特别 gadgets小工具,
371
841721
1088
如果它没有什么特别配件,
14:14
it has to run on a mobile移动 phone电话.
372
842833
1350
就必须能在手机上运行。
14:16
That's the only choice选择 we have,
373
844207
1079
这是我们的唯一选择:
14:17
we have to make it work on mobile移动 phones手机.
374
845310
1855
得让它在手机上工作。
14:19
There are 6.6 billion十亿
375
847189
910
全球有66亿
14:20
mobile移动 phone电话 subscriptions订阅.
376
848123
900
手机用户,
14:21
My favorite喜爱 statistic统计 of all time,
377
849047
2012
我一直以来最喜欢的一个统计数字,
14:23
only 4 billion十亿 toothbrushes牙刷 in the world世界.
378
851083
1953
是全世界只有40亿的牙刷。
它是有意义的,
14:25
That means手段 something,
379
853060
1035
14:26
I don't know what.
380
854119
1233
只是我不知道是什么。
14:27
(Laughter笑声)
381
855376
354
(笑声)
14:27
I rely依靠 on our futurologists未来学家 to tell me.
382
855754
3439
我指望未来学家告诉我。
14:31
It has to be a utility效用
which哪一个 is extensible扩展.
383
859217
1686
这必须是一个可扩展的功用,
14:32
So it has to be something
384
860927
1261
是某种
14:34
that anybody任何人 could build建立 on.
385
862212
1566
任何人都能组建的功用。
14:35
Anybody任何人 should be able能够
to use this infrastructure基础设施,
386
863802
1864
每个人都要能使用这个基础框架,
14:37
you don't need permissions权限,
licenses许可证, whatever随你,
387
865690
2430
而不需要任何许可、授权之类的。
14:40
anyone任何人 should be able能够
to write some code to do this.
388
868144
3167
每个人都能写代码来做这件事。
14:45
You know what symmetry对称 is,
389
873176
1241
你知道对称性是什么,
14:46
so you don't need a picture图片 of it.
390
874441
2323
所以不需要看图去理解。
14:48
This is how we're going to do it.
391
876788
1140
我们就要这样去做,
14:49
We're going to do it using运用 phones手机,
392
877952
1010
我们用手机和移动感应
14:50
and we're going to do it
393
878986
602
14:51
using运用 mobile移动 proximity接近.
394
879612
1132
完成这件事。
14:52
I'm going to suggest建议 to you
395
880768
1112
我想建议你们,
14:53
the technology技术 to implement实行
396
881904
1312
来实现神秘博士的通灵卡片,
14:55
Doctor医生 Who's谁是 psychic精神 paper
397
883240
1262
14:56
is already已经 here, and if any of you
398
884526
1620
其实所需技术早已存在。
如果你们任何人有这种 巴克莱银行新发行的、
14:58
have got one of the new
Barclay's巴克莱 debit借方 cards
399
886170
2455
15:00
with the contactless非接触式 interface接口 on it,
400
888649
1205
具有非接触界面的借记卡,
15:01
you've already已经 got that technology技术.
401
889878
1667
你就已经拥有这种技术了。
如果你曾去过大城市,
15:03
If you've ever been up to the big city,
402
891569
1900
15:05
and used an Oyster牡蛎 card at all,
403
893493
1477
用过交通卡,
这会对你有什么提示吗?
15:06
does that ring any bells钟声 to anybody任何人?
404
894994
2071
15:09
The technology技术 already已经 exists存在.
405
897089
722
这种技术已经存在。
15:09
The first phones手机
406
897835
1366
首批内置这项技术的手机
15:11
that have the technology技术 built内置 in,
407
899225
606
15:11
the Google谷歌 Nexus关系, the S2,
408
899855
2275
是Google Nexus,S2,
以及Samsung Wifi 7.9。
15:14
the Samsung三星 Wifi无线上网 7.9,
409
902154
685
15:14
the first phones手机 that have
410
902863
1468
带有这些技术的手机
15:16
the technology技术 built内置 into them
411
904355
1068
已经在市面出售。
15:17
are already已经 in the shops商店.
412
905447
810
15:18
So the idea理念 that the gas加油站 man
413
906281
1688
所以当天然气工人
15:19
can turn up at my mom's妈妈的 door
414
907993
2168
出现在我母亲的门口,
15:22
and he can show显示 my mom妈妈 his phone电话,
415
910185
2178
他出示他的手机,
15:24
and she can tap龙头 it with her phone电话,
416
912387
1311
我母亲点一下自己的手机,
15:25
and it will come up with green绿色
if he really is from British英国的 Gas加油站
417
913722
2283
就可以知道他是不是 来自英国天然气公司,
15:28
and allowed允许 in,
418
916029
1188
可不可以让他进来。
15:29
and it'll它会 come up with red if he isn't,
419
917241
1646
如果他不是,就会出现红叉。
15:30
end结束 of story故事.
420
918911
586
就这么简单。
15:31
We have the technology技术 to do that.
421
919521
1826
我们具备所需的技术,
15:33
And what's more,
422
921371
1211
更重要的是,
15:34
although虽然 some of those things
sounded满面 a bit counter-intuitive反直觉,
423
922606
2121
虽然有些事情有些匪夷所思,
15:36
like proving证明 I'm over 18
without proving证明 who I am,
424
924751
2764
比如证明我年满 18 但不泄露我是谁,
15:39
the cryptography加密 to do that
not only exists存在,
425
927539
2201
事实上相关加密技术不仅存在,
15:41
it's extremely非常 well-known知名
and well-understood完全了解.
426
929764
2205
而且非常普遍易懂。
15:43
Digital数字 signatures签名, the blinding致盲
of public上市 key certificates证书,
427
931993
2631
数字签名、公钥证书,
15:46
these technologies技术 have been around
for a while,
428
934648
1720
这些技术已经存在有一阵子了,
15:48
we've我们已经 just had no way
of packaging打包 them up.
429
936392
2048
只是我们还没能把它们打包起来。
这些技术存在,
15:50
So the technology技术 already已经 exists存在.
430
938464
2693
15:53
We know it works作品,
431
941181
3664
而且有效。
15:56
There are a few少数 examples例子
of the technology技术 being存在 used
432
944869
1724
有一些此类技术
15:58
in experimental试验 places地方.
433
946617
1646
被用在实验环境中,
16:00
That's London伦敦 Fashion时尚 Week,
434
948287
1304
在伦敦时装周,
16:01
where we built内置 a system系统 with O2,
435
949615
1850
我们建了一个“氧气”系统,
16:03
that's for the Wireless无线 Festival
in Hyde海德 Park公园,
436
951489
2743
用在海德公园的无线盛会。
16:06
you can see the persons
437
954256
1099
你可以看见人们
16:07
walking步行 in with their VIP要人 band,
438
955379
1737
带着他们的VIP卡走进去,
16:09
it's just being存在 checked检查
439
957140
460
它正在检查,
16:09
by the Nokia诺基亚 phone电话
that's reading the band.
440
957624
1076
通过Nokia手机读取VIP卡的信息。
16:10
I'm only putting those up to show显示 you
441
958724
1674
我讲这些只是为了告诉大家,
16:12
these things are prosaic平淡,
442
960422
1205
这一切都不足为奇。
16:13
this stuff东东 works作品 in these environments环境.
443
961651
1858
能在这样的环境中运作,
其实没什么特别之处。
16:15
They don't need to be special特别.
444
963533
1429
最后,我知道你可以做到这些,
16:16
So finally最后, I know that you can do this,
445
964986
5895
16:23
because if you saw
the episode插曲 of Doctor医生 Who,
446
971789
2880
如果你看过神秘博士,
16:26
the Easter复活节 special特别 of Doctor医生 Who,
447
974693
1876
复活节特辑的那一集,
16:28
where he went to Mars火星 in a bus总线,
448
976593
3352
他乘公车去火星,
16:31
I should say again
for our foreign国外 students学生们,
449
979969
1538
我必须为在场的外籍学生 再次解释一遍,
16:33
that doesn't happen发生 every一切 episode插曲.
450
981531
1649
这不是每一集都有的。
16:35
This was a very special特别 case案件.
451
983204
1447
这是一个特例。
16:36
So in the episode插曲 where
he goes to Mars火星 in a London伦敦 bus总线,
452
984675
3217
他在一辆伦敦公车上前往火星的那集,
16:39
I can't show显示 you the clip,
453
987916
1649
我没法给你们看剪辑,
16:41
due应有 to the outrageous蛮横的 restrictions限制
of Queen女王 Anne-style安妮风格 copyright版权
454
989589
3000
因为被 BBC 像安妮皇后一般
严格地控制着版权。
16:44
by the BBCBBC,
455
992613
1869
16:46
but in the episode插曲
where he goes to Mars火星 in a London伦敦 bus总线,
456
994506
2715
在那一集, 神秘博士坐着伦敦公车去火星,
你能清楚看到他上了公交车,
16:49
Doctor医生 Who is clearly明确地 shown显示
getting得到 on to the bus总线
457
997245
4110
16:53
with the Oyster牡蛎 card reader读者
458
1001379
1276
在那个交通卡读卡器上,
16:54
using运用 his psychic精神 paper.
459
1002679
1544
通过他的通灵卡片使用了特异功能。
16:56
Which哪一个 proves证明 that psychic精神 paper
460
1004247
2068
这证实了这个通灵卡片,
16:58
has an MSEMSE interface接口.
461
1006339
1691
有一个MSE(移动服务引擎)的接口。
17:00
Thank you very much.
462
1008054
2010
非常感谢!
Translated by Tingting Zhao
Reviewed by Sherry Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Birch - Digital money and identity consultant
David Birch is a digital money and ID consultant paving the way for a 21st-century identity.

Why you should listen

David G.W. Birch is a Director of Consult Hyperion, an electronic identity and transactions consultant. He is the Chairman of the annual Digital Money Forum and Digital Identity Forum in London and he has written for several publications including more than a hundred Second Sight columns for The Guardian newspaper. In 2007, he published Digital Identity Management: Technological, Business and Social Implications under Gower Publishing Ltd. He hosts the Consult Hyperion podcast -- conversations with identity and digital transaction experts.

More profile about the speaker
David Birch | Speaker | TED.com