ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rob Legato - Visual Effects Guru
Rob Legato creates surprising and creative visual illusions for movies.

Why you should listen

Did we really see what we thought we saw? Rob Legato creates visual illusions for movies -- thinking deeply both about vfx's expanding tech power and the truly new creative processes that can result. Legato won his first Oscar in 1998 for his work on James Cameron's Titanic, after several years in television supervising effects on two Star Trek series. His 2012 Oscar win for Hugo, the 3D film about a boy who lives alone in a Paris train station, underscores his fascinating partnership with Martin Scorsese -- doing digital effects on documentaries and new classics like The Departed.

He's worked with the big effects houses like Sony Imageworks and Digital Domain, but is now fascinated with the nimble new workflows made possible with digital tools. He designed the "virtual cinematography pipeline" that let James Cameron shoot Avatar like a feature film, not a software project. We know that fx can create new worlds -- but how can these tools unlock new creativity?

More profile about the speaker
Rob Legato | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2012

Rob Legato: The art of creating awe

Robert Legato:制造敬畏的艺术

Filmed:
2,040,696 views

Rob Legato擅长于制作电影效果,有时比真实的效果还真实。在这个温馨诙谐的演讲里,他分享了他在电影《阿波罗13》《泰坦尼克号》《雨果》里对提升真实度的一些见解。
- Visual Effects Guru
Rob Legato creates surprising and creative visual illusions for movies. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I worked工作 on a film电影 called "Apollo阿波罗 13,"
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我参与过电影《阿波罗13》的制作
00:18
and when I worked工作 on this film电影, I discovered发现 something
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当我从事这项工作时,我明白了
00:20
about how our brains大脑 work, and how our brains大脑 work
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我们大脑是怎样工作的,其实是这样的
00:22
is that, when we're sort分类 of infused输注 with
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我们或多或少灌输有
00:25
either enthusiasm热情 or awe威严 or fondness癖好 or whatever随你,
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激情,畏惧,或喜爱或其他什么
00:29
it changes变化 and alters变造 our perception知觉 of things.
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这能改变我们对事物的感知
00:31
It changes变化 what we see. It changes变化 what we remember记得.
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也能改变我们的看法,还有我们所记的事物
00:33
And as an experiment实验, because I dauntingly吓人 create创建
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所以我做了个试验,由于
00:37
a task任务 for myself of recreating再创造 a Saturn土星 V launch发射
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我给自己一个重塑Saturn V(土星5号)发射时的艰巨任务
00:41
for this particular特定 movie电影, because I put it out there,
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也因为这是在电影里给别人看的
00:44
I felt a little nervous紧张 about it, so I need to do an experiment实验
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我多少觉得有些紧张,所以我得做个试验
00:46
and bring带来 a group of people like this in a projection投影 room房间
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我把大概这么多的一群人带到了放映室
00:50
and play this stock股票 footage镜头, and when I played发挥 this
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放映了这段资料片,而当我在放映时
00:53
stock股票 footage镜头, I simply只是 wanted to find out
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我只是想知道
00:55
what people remembered记得, what was memorable难忘 about it?
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人们记得些什么,有什么比较难忘的?
00:59
What should I actually其实 try to replicate复制?
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我得去复制模仿些什么?
01:01
What should I try to emulate仿真 to some degree?
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我要达到怎样程度的仿真效果?
01:05
So this is the footage镜头 that I was showing展示 everybody每个人.
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这就是我给大家放映的片段
01:08
And what I discovered发现 is, because of the nature性质
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由于这些片段的本质
01:10
of the footage镜头 and the fact事实 that we're doing this film电影,
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还有我们在制作影片这个事实
01:13
there was an emotion情感 that was built内置 into it
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我发现,在这个影片中有我们注入的一种情感
01:15
and our collective集体 memories回忆 of what this launch发射 meant意味着 to us
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还有我们对这次发射的意义
01:18
and all these various各个 things.
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以及其他事物的集体回忆
01:19
When I showed显示 it, and I asked, immediately立即 after
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放映后,就在屏幕变黑的那一瞬间,
01:21
the screening筛查 was over, what they thought of it,
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我问了大家有什么想法
01:24
what was your memorable难忘 shots镜头, they changed them.
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最难忘的镜头是什么,因为他们换一种方式拍摄
01:27
They were -- had camera相机 moves移动 on them.
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火箭——上面是有摄像机在移动的
01:29
They had all kinds of things. Shots射击 were combined结合,
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他们做了很多工作,镜头是经过剪辑的
01:32
and I was just really curious好奇, I mean, what the hell地狱
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而我真的很好奇,想一想
01:35
were you looking at just a few少数 minutes分钟 ago
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刚才几分钟前看的是神马东西
01:36
and how come, how'd你怎么 you come up with this sort分类 of description描述?
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你们又是如何搞出这样的画面来的?
01:40
And what I discovered发现 is, what I should do is not actually其实
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然后我发觉,我真正需要做的
01:44
replicate复制 what they saw, is replicate复制 what they remembered记得.
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不是复制人们看到的,而是他们记得的
01:47
So this is our footage镜头 of the launch发射, based基于 on, basically基本上,
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所以这是我们制作的发射片段,基本上
01:51
taking服用 notes笔记, asking people what they thought, and then
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来源于记笔记,询问人们的看法,之后
01:54
the combination组合 of all the different不同 shots镜头 and all
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再把不同的分镜剪辑到一起
01:57
the different不同 things put together一起 created创建 their sort分类 of
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这些放在一起的不同事物,形成了一种
01:58
collective集体 consciousness意识 of what they remembered记得
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人们所记得的集体意识
02:01
it looked看着 like, but not what it really looked看着 like.
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看起来很逼真,但却不是事实的真相
02:02
So this is what we created创建 for "Apollo阿波罗 13."
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这个就是我们为《Apollo 13(阿波罗13号)》做出来的
02:05
(Launch发射 noises噪音)
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(发射时的噪音)
02:10
So literally按照字面 what you're seeing眼看 now is the confluence合流
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基本你现在所看到的
02:12
of a bunch of different不同 people, a bunch of different不同 memories回忆,
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是由一群不同的人,不同的记忆
02:14
including包含 my own拥有, of taking服用 a little bit of liberty自由
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包括我对这个主题的一些自由发挥
02:18
with the subject学科 matter.
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所加起来的一个总和
02:19
I basically基本上 shot射击 everything with short lenses镜头,
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我基本都用短焦镜头
02:22
which哪一个 means手段 that you're very close to the action行动,
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意思就是你和这些动作是非常靠近的
02:24
but framed陷害 it very similarly同样 to the long lens镜片 shots镜头
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但我把它弄得看起来像用长焦镜头拍摄的
02:26
which哪一个 gives you a sense of distance距离, so I was basically基本上
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这给人一种距离感
02:29
was setting设置 up something that would remind提醒 you
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基本上我是有意构造一些意境来暗示你
02:31
of something you haven't没有 really quite相当 seen看到 before. (Music音乐)
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这些你前所未见的事物(音乐)
02:34
And then I'm going to show显示 you exactly究竟 what it is
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我等下会给你们看
02:37
that you were reacting反应 to when you were reacting反应 to it.
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你们所见的一切的背后的真相
02:41
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
02:53
Tom汤姆 Hanks汉克斯: Hello你好, Houston休斯顿, this is Odyssey奥德赛.
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Ton Hanks:你好,休斯敦,这是奥德赛
02:56
It's good to see you again. (Cheers干杯) (Music音乐)
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很高兴再见到你们(欢呼)(音乐)
02:58
Rob Legato连奏: I pretend假装 they're clapping拍手 for me.
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Rob Legato:我就当作他们是在我为我鼓掌
03:01
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:03
So now I'm in a parking停車處 lot. Basically基本上 it's a tin can,
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现在你们看到我在一个停车场,火箭就是个锡罐
03:06
and I'm basically基本上 recreating再创造 the launch发射 with
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我大概就是用灭火器,火
03:08
fire extinguishers灭火器, fire, I have wax that I threw
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还有一些丢在镜头前的蜡,这样看起来会像是冰
03:13
in front面前 of the lens镜片 to look like ice, and so basically基本上
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基本就是这些东西来重塑火箭发射的场景
03:16
if you believed相信 any of the stuff东东 that I just showed显示 you,
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如果你相信我刚才放映的片段
03:19
what you were reacting反应 to, what you're emoting作表情 to,
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那么你对此所产生的反应,所表达的情感
03:22
is something that's a total falsehood谬误, and I found发现 that
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也都是被我引导的,不真实的
03:24
really kind of fascinating迷人.
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我觉得这挺神奇的
03:26
And in this particular特定 case案件, this is the climax高潮 of the movie电影,
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在这个例子中,这里就是电影的高潮
03:29
and, you know, the weight重量 of achieving实现 it was simply只是
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要知道,要达到这种效果
03:32
take a model模型, throw it out of a helicopter直升机, and shoot射击 it.
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只需拿个模型,然后从直升机上丢出来,再拍摄
03:35
And that's simply只是 what I did.
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很简单,我就是这么干的
03:37
That's me shooting射击, and I'm a fairly相当 mediocre平庸 operator操作者,
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这是我在拍摄,我是一个相当普通的摄影师
03:40
so I got that nice不错 sense of verisimilitude逼真, of a kind of,
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所以还是能拍出一种很美的逼真感,多少有点吧
03:43
you know, following以下 the rocket火箭 all the way down,
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要知道,一路跟拍火箭下降
03:46
and giving that little sort分类 of edge边缘, I was desperately拼命
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还要给画面留些边缘,所以我很努力地
03:48
trying to keep it in frame. So then I come up to the next下一个 thing.
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去把它拍进画面里。之后我开始了下一项工作
03:52
We had a NASANASA consultant顾问 who was actually其实 an astronaut宇航员,
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我们有一位来自NASA的顾问,他本身就是宇航员
03:54
who was actually其实 on some of the missions任务, of Apollo阿波罗 15,
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曾在阿波罗15号上执行过任务
03:57
and he was there to basically基本上 double check my science科学.
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他基本就是来检验我的电影的科学合理性
04:01
And, I guess猜测 somebody thought they needed需要 to do that.
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我想,估计是有人认为有这个必要吧
04:04
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:06
I don't know why, but they thought they did.
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我也不知道,但他们就觉得有必要
04:08
So we were, he's a hero英雄, he's an astronaut宇航员, and
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他可是个英雄,一名宇航员
04:13
we're all sort分类 of excited兴奋, and, you know, I gave myself
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我们都有点激动,而且我还自我安慰一下
04:15
the liberty自由 of saying, you know, some of the shots镜头 I did
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比方说,我拍的一些镜头
04:18
didn't really suck吮吸 that bad.
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还不至于那么不给力吧
04:20
And so maybe, you know, we were feeling感觉 kind of a little
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所以某种程度上,我们多少觉得
04:24
good about it, so I brought him in here, and he needed需要
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应该还过得去吧,所以我把他带到这里
04:26
to really check and see what we were doing,
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他也确实需要来看下我们的作品
04:29
and basically基本上 give us our A plus report报告 card,
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然后给我们一份A+的成绩单
04:32
and so I showed显示 him some shots镜头 we were working加工 on,
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之后我给他看了我们当时做的镜头
04:33
and waiting等候 for the reaction反应 that you hope希望 for,
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然后等待期望中的答复
04:37
which哪一个 is what I got. (Music音乐) (Launch发射 noises噪音)
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就是这个(音乐)(发射时的噪音)
04:40
So I showed显示 him these two shots镜头,
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我就给他看这两个镜头
04:42
and then he basically基本上 told me what he thought.
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然后他就告诉我他的想法
04:45
("That's wrong错误") (Laughter笑声)
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(“全错了”)(笑声)
04:48
Okay. (Laughter笑声)
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好吧(笑声)
04:51
It's what you dream梦想 about.
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这是在你梦想的事
04:53
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:56
So what I got from him is, he turned转身 to me and said,
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所以我得到的,是他转身告诉我
04:59
"You would never, ever design设计 a rocket火箭 like that.
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“你绝对,绝对不会设计这样一艘火箭
05:03
You would never have a rocket火箭 go up
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你永远也不会让火箭
05:04
while the gantry龙门 arms武器 are going out. Can you imagine想像
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在起重臂向外伸展时起飞
05:06
the tragedy悲剧 that could possibly或者 happen发生 with that?
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你能想象这样做所产生的悲剧吗?
05:08
You would never, ever design设计 a rocket火箭 like that."
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你绝对,绝对不会设计这样一艘火箭的。”
05:11
And he was looking at me. It's like, Yeah, I don't know
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当时他看着我,感觉就像,唉,我也没办法
05:13
if you noticed注意到, but I'm the guy out in the parking停車處 lot
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要知道,我可是在停车场里
05:15
recreating再创造 one of America's美国 finest最好的 moments瞬间 with
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用灭火器重塑了美国最珍贵的时刻之一
05:17
fire extinguishers灭火器.
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的那个家伙啊
05:18
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:21
And I'm not going to argue争论 with you. You're an astronaut宇航员,
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所以我不会和你纠结,你是个宇航员嘛
05:24
a hero英雄, and I'm from New Jersey新泽西, so --
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是个英雄,我只不过是从新泽西乡下来的
05:26
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:28
I'm just going to show显示 you some footage镜头.
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我只不过给你看看我拍的镜头而已
05:30
I'm just going to show显示 you some footage镜头, and tell me what you think.
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就给你看下一些镜头,然后你告诉我你的看法
05:32
And then I did kind of get the reaction反应 I was hoping希望 for.
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之后我还真得到我想要的回应
05:35
So I showed显示 him this, and this is actual实际 footage镜头
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我给他看了这个,这是真实的片段
05:37
that he was on. This is Apollo阿波罗 15. This was his mission任务.
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他当时在上面,这是阿波罗15号,他在上面执行任务
05:40
So I showed显示 him this, and the reaction反应 I got was interesting有趣.
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所以我给他看了这个,然后他的反应也很耐人寻味
05:46
("That's wrong错误 too.") (Laughter笑声)
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(“也全错了”)(笑声)
05:48
So, and what happened发生 was, I mean, what I sort分类 of intunedintuned
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其实事情是这样的,我所做出来的
05:52
in that is that he remembered记得 it differently不同.
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和他记忆中的是截然不同的
05:54
He remembered记得 that was a perfectly完美 safe安全 sort分类 of gantry龙门
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他记得的是起重架系统十分安全
05:57
system系统, perfectly完美 safe安全 rocket火箭 launch发射, because he's sitting坐在
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火箭发射也十分安全,因为他当时
05:59
in a rocket火箭 that has, like, a hundred thousand pounds英镑
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就坐在火箭里面,火箭起码有上万磅的推力
06:01
of thrust推力, built内置 by the lowest最低 bidder投标人.
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而且是最低的竞标者投资的
06:04
He was hoping希望 it was going to work out okay.
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他当然希望火箭不要出什么篓子
06:06
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声)
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(笑声)(掌声)
06:09
So he twisted扭曲 his memory记忆 around.
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所以这多少扭曲了他的记忆
06:11
Now, Ron罗恩 Howard霍华德 ran into Buzz蜂鸣器 Aldrin奥尔德林, who was not
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之后Ron Howard去见了Buzz Aldrin(宇航员),
06:14
on the movie电影, so he had no idea理念 that we were faking伪造
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Buzz并没有在这部电影里,所以他也不知道
06:16
any of this footage镜头, and he just responded回应
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我们这些片段是做出来的,所以他很自然地
06:19
as he would respond响应, and I'll run this.
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给了我们答复,我现在播给你们看下
06:21
Ron罗恩 Howard霍华德: Buzz蜂鸣器 Aldrin奥尔德林 came来了 up to me
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Ron Howard:Buzz Aldrin过来跟我说,
06:24
and said, "Hey, that launch发射 footage镜头, I saw some shots镜头
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“嗨,那段发射片段,有些镜头
06:28
I'd never seen看到 before. Did you guys, what vault拱顶 did you find
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我之前都没见过,这些,你们是从哪个地下室
06:33
that stuff东东 in?" And I said, "Well, no vault拱顶, Buzz蜂鸣器,
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找到的?”然后我说,“Buzz,其实吧,没有什么地下室,
06:36
we generated产生 all that from scratch."
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这些都是我们自己做出来的。”
06:39
And he said, "Huh, that's pretty漂亮 good. Can we use it?"
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然后他说,“噢,蛮不错的嘛。那这我们可以用吗?”
06:43
(Explosion爆炸) ("Sure") (Laughter笑声)
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(爆笑)(“当然可以用”)
06:46
RLRL: I think he's a great American美国.
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RL:我觉得他是我们美国人的骄傲
06:48
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:52
So, "Titanic泰坦尼克号" was, if you don't know the story故事,
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再说《泰坦尼克号》,不知道的话没关系
06:55
doesn't end结束 well.
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反正结局很惨烈
06:57
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:00
Jim吉姆 Cameron卡梅伦 actually其实 photographed拍照 the real真实 Titanic泰坦尼克号.
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Jim Cameron他确实拍到了泰坦尼克号
07:03
So he basically基本上 set up, or basically基本上 shattered破灭
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他创造了,或者说他瓦解了
07:05
the suspension悬挂 of disbelief怀疑, because what he photographed拍照
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观众的质疑,因为他拍摄到的
07:08
was the real真实 thing, a Mir米尔 sub going down, or actually其实
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是真实的东西,利用米尔潜艇潜到水里
07:11
two Mir米尔 subs潜艇 going down to the real真实 wreck破坏,
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可能是两艘潜艇潜到真正沉船的地方
07:14
and he created创建 this very haunting令人难以忘怀 footage镜头.
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所以他拍出了这一难忘的片段
07:16
It's really beautiful美丽, and it conjures浮现 up all these
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真的很漂亮,它使我们各种不同的情绪
07:18
various各个 different不同 emotions情绪, but he couldn't不能 photograph照片
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都涌上心头来,但他确实做不到把全部都拍下来
07:21
everything, and to tell the story故事,
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来还原故事的完整性
07:23
I had to fill in the gaps空白, which哪一个 is now rather daunting艰巨,
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而我得去填补当中的空白,这放到现在来说也是很困难的
07:25
because now I have to recreate重建 back to back
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因为我得十分紧凑地重塑
07:28
what really happened发生 and I had, I'm the only one
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当时真实的情景,并且我是那时唯一一个
07:31
who could really blow打击 it at that point.
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能把这件事搞砸的人
07:35
So this is the footage镜头 he photographed拍照,
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这是他拍摄到的片段
07:37
and it was pretty漂亮 moving移动 and pretty漂亮 awe-inspiring凛然.
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确实很感人,很令人敬畏
07:42
So I'm going to just let it run, so you kind of absorb吸收
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我就让视频播着,让你们感受一下
07:44
this sort分类 of thing, and I'll describe描述 my sort分类 of reactions反应
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我描述一下我第一次看时
07:48
when I was looking at it for the very first time.
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心里的一些想法
07:50
I got the feeling感觉 that my brain wanted to basically基本上
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我有种很强烈的欲望,心里很想
07:55
see it come back to life.
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看到它重现眼前
07:56
I automatically自动 wanted to see this ship,
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我很自然而然地想目睹这艘船
07:59
this magnificent华丽的 ship, basically基本上 in all its glory荣耀,
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这艘充满光辉和雄伟的船
08:02
and conversely反过来, I wanted to see it not in all its glory荣耀,
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但是,我又想看看它不怎么辉煌的一面
08:05
basically基本上 go back to what it looks容貌 like.
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基本就是它现在这个样子
08:07
So I conjured唤出 up an effect影响 that I'm later后来 going to show显示 you
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所以我在脑海里浮现一种效果,我等下会播给你们看
08:11
what I tried试着 to do, which哪一个 is kind of the heart of the movie电影,
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对我来说这算是整部电影的核心所在
08:13
for me, and so that's why I wanted to do the movie电影,
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这也是我为什么想参与到这部电影中来的原因
08:17
that's why I wanted to create创建 the sort分类 of things I created创建.
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这也是我创作出这些东西的灵感
08:20
And I'll show显示 you, you know, another另一个 thing that I found发现
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跟你们说,我还发现一件挺有意思的事儿
08:22
interesting有趣 is what we really were emoting作表情 to
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就是当我们看到这艘船时
08:24
when you take a look at it.
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我们会表达出什么
08:26
So here's这里的 the behind背后 the scenes场景, a couple一对 of little shots镜头 here.
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这儿有些幕后的镜头
08:29
So, when you saw my footage镜头,
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所以当你在看我的片段时
08:31
you were seeing眼看 this: basically基本上, a bunch of guys
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你看到的是这样的:基本上,一群爷们
08:33
flipping翻转 a ship upside上边 down, and the little Mir米尔 subs潜艇
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把一艘船给弄翻过来,那些小米尔潜艇
08:36
are actually其实 about the size尺寸 of small footballs足球,
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其实也就跟足球一样大而已
08:39
and shot射击 in smoke抽烟.
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然后在烟雾中拍摄
08:41
Jim吉姆 went three miles英里 went down, and I went about
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Jim(导演)他到了海里3英里以下去拍摄
08:43
three miles英里 away from the studio工作室
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而我则在摄影棚3英里远的地方
08:45
and photographed拍照 this in a garage车库.
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在一个车库里面进行拍摄
08:47
And so, but what you're emoting作表情 to, or what you're looking
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所以,你们所反应出来的情感,或者你们所看到的
08:50
at, had the same相同 feeling感觉, the same相同 haunting令人难以忘怀 quality质量,
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都和Jim拍出来的片段一样,有着都有同样的感觉
08:53
that Jim's吉姆 footage镜头 had, so I found发现 it so fascinating迷人
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同样令人难忘,所以我觉得我们的大脑蛮有意思的
08:56
that our brains大脑 sort分类 of, once一旦 you believe something's什么是 real真实,
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只要你相信某事是真的
09:00
you transfer转让 everything that you feel about it,
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那么你就会有一种身临其境
09:03
this quality质量 you have, and it's totally完全 artificial人造.
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感同身受的感觉,尽管它完全是人造出来的
09:06
It's totally完全 make-believe让我相信, yet然而 it's not to you,
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虽然是完全虚构的,但对你来说却不是如此
09:09
and I found发现 that that was a very interesting有趣 thing
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我发现了其中的值得探索和利用
09:11
to explore探索 and use, and it caused造成 me to create创建 the next下一个
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的乐趣,这让我创造了另一种效果
09:14
effect影响 that I'll show显示 you, which哪一个 is
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我播给你们看
09:16
this sort分类 of magic魔法 transition过渡, and all I was really attempting尝试
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有种乾坤扭转的感觉,而我试图想达到的
09:19
to do is basically基本上 have the audience听众 cue球杆 the effect影响,
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就是让观众自己去领悟这种效果
09:23
so it became成为 a seamless无缝 experience经验 for them,
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所以对他们来说,这融合得天衣无缝
09:26
that I wasn't showing展示 you my sort分类 of interpretation解释,
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我其实并不是要给你们看我的个人想法
09:28
I was showing展示 you what you wanted to see.
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我只是把你们想看到的展现出来
09:31
And the very next下一个 shot射击, right after this --
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然后接下来的这个镜头,紧接这个的--
09:38
So you can see what I was doing.
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你可以看到我当时在做什么
09:39
So basically基本上, if there's two subs潜艇 in the same相同 shot射击,
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这么说吧,如果在同一个镜头里有两艘潜艇
09:41
I shot射击 it, because where's哪里 the camera相机 coming未来 from?
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那就是我拍的,摄影机就是在我这拍的
09:44
And when Jim吉姆 shot射击 it, it was only one sub,
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而Jim拍的那些,都只有一艘潜艇而已
09:46
because he was photographing拍摄 from the other,
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因为他是从其中的一艘潜艇中拍的
09:47
and I don't remember记得 if I did this or Jim吉姆 did this.
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这个我已经不记得是Jim拍的还是我拍的了
09:49
I'll give it to Jim吉姆, because he could use the pat on the back.
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就当Jim拍的好了,给他一点鼓励也好
09:52
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
09:58
Okay. So now the Titanic泰坦尼克号 transition过渡.
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好吧,现在我们来看泰坦尼克号的切换
10:01
So this is what I was referring to where I wanted to basically基本上
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这就是我所指的,像魔法般
10:04
magically神奇 transplant移植 from one state of the Titanic泰坦尼克号
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把泰坦尼克号从一种状态
10:07
to the other. So I'll just play the shot射击 once一旦. (Music音乐)
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切换到另一种状态,我现在播一遍。(音乐)
10:11
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
10:14
And what I was hoping希望 for is that it just melts熔体 in front面前 of you.
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我想要的效果就是这个画面在你们眼前融化
10:25
Gloria格洛丽亚 Stuart斯图尔特: That was the last time Titanic泰坦尼克号 ever saw daylight阳光.
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Gloria Stuart:那是铁达尼号最后一次见到日光
10:30
RLRL: So, what I did is basically基本上 I had another另一个
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RL:我其实只是在另一间
10:32
screening筛查 room房间 experience经验 where I was basically基本上 tracking追踪
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放映室里播放我所拍摄的
10:35
where I was looking, or where we were looking,
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我所看到的,或者说我们所看到的
10:38
and of course课程 you're looking at the two people on the bow
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你们会自然而然地看着船头的那两个人
10:40
of the ship, and then at some point,
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然后在某个时刻
10:42
I'm changing改变 the periphery周边 of the shot射击,
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我慢慢改变镜头的边缘
10:44
I'm changing改变, it's becoming变得 the rusted生锈 wreck破坏,
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与此同时,船就变成了锈迹斑斑的沉船了
10:47
and then I would run it every一切 day, and then I would find
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我每天都会播放这片段,直到我找到了
10:50
exactly究竟 the moment时刻 that I stopped停止 looking at them
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我不再看着这两个人而开始关注其他事物
10:53
and start开始 noticing注意到 the rest休息 of it, and the moment时刻
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的那个时间点
10:55
my eye shifted, we just marked it to the frame.
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当我视线转换时,我们就把这个画面嵌接起来
10:57
The moment时刻 my eye shifted, I immediately立即 started开始
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在视线转换的时候,我立即
11:00
to change更改 them, so now somehow不知何故 you missed错过
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对片段进行转换,所以在不知不觉中
11:02
where it started开始 and where it stopped停止.
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你们就忽略了它是哪儿开始和哪儿结束的
11:04
And so I'll just show显示 it one more time.
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我再给大家放多一遍
11:07
(Music音乐) And it's literally按照字面 doneDONE by using运用 what our brains大脑
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(音乐)说白了就是利用
11:10
naturally自然 do for us, which哪一个 is, as soon不久 as you shift转移
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我们大脑的自然反应,就是当你转移
11:14
your attention注意, something changes变化, and then I left
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注意力的时候,有些东西变了
11:15
the little scarf围巾 going, because it really wanted to be
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然后我留下一些衔接的地方,因为要让画面
11:18
a ghostly幽灵的 shot射击, really wanted to feel like they were still
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变得很鬼魅,要让人觉得那两个人
11:21
on the wreck破坏, essentially实质上. That's where they were buried隐藏 forever永远.
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依旧还在船骸上,那就是两个人长相厮守的地方
11:25
Or something like that. I just made制作 that up.
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或者类似这样的感觉,反正我随便编的
11:27
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
11:29
It was, incidentally顺便, the last time I ever saw daylight阳光.
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刚好那次也是我最后一次看到日光
11:31
It was a long film电影 to work on. (Laughter笑声)
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因为制作这部电影确实花了我很长时间(笑声)
11:35
Now, "Hugo雨果" was another另一个 interesting有趣 movie电影, because
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另外,《雨果》(Hugo)也是一部很有趣的电影
11:37
the movie电影 itself本身 is about film电影 illusions幻想.
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因为它本身就有很多虚幻的东西
11:39
It's about how our brain is tricked被骗 into seeing眼看 a persistence坚持
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它阐述了当我们看到一串连贯的画面片段时
11:42
of vision视力 that creates创建 a motion运动 picture图片,
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我们的大脑是如何被蒙混过关的
11:45
and one of the things I had to do is, we —
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我们需要做的事情里,我们--
11:48
Sasha萨沙 Baron男爵 Cohen科恩 is a very clever聪明, very smart聪明 guy,
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Sasha Baron Cohen是个非常非常聪明的家伙
11:52
comedian喜剧演员, wanted to basically基本上 do an homage尊敬 to the kind of
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很优秀的喜剧家,他想对Buster Keaton那种
11:54
the Buster巴斯特 Keaton基顿 sort分类 of slapstick闹剧 things, and he wanted
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趣剧表达一种敬意,所以他有一个念头
11:56
his leg brace支撑 to get caught抓住 on a moving移动 train培养.
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他想让自己的脚套被一辆行进的火车勾住
11:59
Very dangerous危险, very impossible不可能 to do, and particularly尤其
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这很危险,基本没办法拍的
12:02
on our stage阶段, because there literally按照字面 is no way to actually其实
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尤其在我们棚里,因为真的没什么办法可以
12:05
move移动 this train培养, because it fits适合 so snugly紧贴 into our set.
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让火车开动,因为火车是和布景紧密相嵌的
12:10
So let me show显示 you the scene现场, and then I basically基本上
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我播给你们看
12:12
used the trick that was identified确定 by Sergei谢尔盖 Eisenstein爱森斯坦,
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我就用了Sergei Eisenstein(蒙太奇发明者)的一招
12:16
which哪一个 is, if you have a camera相机 that's moving移动 with a moving移动
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就是如果你的摄影机也跟着移动物体而移动
12:19
object目的, what is not moving移动 appears出现 to be moving移动,
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那么没移动的物体看起来就像在移动了
12:22
and what is moving移动 appears出现 to be stopped停止,
256
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而本来就在移动的看起来却像是静止了
12:24
so what you're actually其实 seeing眼看 now is the train培养 is not
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所以你们现在所看到的,其实火车是压根儿就没动的
12:27
moving移动 at all, and what is actually其实 moving移动 is the floor地板.
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而真正在移动的,则是地板
12:32
So this is the shot射击. That's a little video视频 of
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就是这样拍的,那儿的小视频
12:35
what you're looking at there, which哪一个 is our little test测试,
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就是你在现场所看到的,是我们的一个试验品
12:39
so that's actually其实 what you're seeing眼看, and I thought it was
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基本就是你看到的这样,然后我觉得
12:41
sort分类 of an interesting有趣 thing, because it was, part部分
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确实很有意思,虽然这不是我发明的
12:43
of the homage尊敬 of the movie电影 itself本身 is coming未来 up with this
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但我们还是用这种高超的手法借这部电影
12:47
sort分类 of genius天才 trick which哪一个 I can't take credit信用 for.
264
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来表达向发明者的一种敬意
12:49
I'd love to but I can't, because it was invented发明
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我很想把它占为己有,但这是不可能的
12:52
like in 1910 or something like that, is I told Marty马蒂,
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因为它是在约1910年的时候发明的
12:57
and it's kind of one of those mind心神 things that it's
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我跟Marty说,这还挺费脑筋的
12:58
really hard to really get until直到 you actually其实 see it work,
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除非你看到它成功运作,不然真的有些难懂
13:01
and I said, you know, what I was going to do, and he said,
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我又说,你知道我会做什么
13:04
"So, let me see if I can get this straight直行. The thing with the wheels车轮?
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他说,“那你看我说的对不对,那个有轮子的东西
13:06
That doesn't move移动."
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它都没动。"
13:08
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声)
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(笑声)(掌声)
13:11
"And the thing without the wheels车轮, that moves移动."
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“然后那个没有轮子的,是它在移动。”
13:15
Precisely恰恰. (Laughter笑声)
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完全正确。(笑声)
13:18
Brings带来 me to the next下一个, and final最后 --
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我们进入下一部分,最后--
13:20
Marty's马蒂的 not going to see this, is he? (Laughter笑声)
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Marty应该不会看到这视频吧,对吧?(笑声)
13:24
This isn't viewed观看 outside of -- (Laughter笑声)
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应该不会在外面放映的吧--(笑声)
13:28
The next下一个 illustration插图 is something that, there's like
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下一个例子,有点一镜到底的感觉在里面
13:33
all one shot射击 theory理论. It's a very elegant优雅 way of telling告诉 a story故事,
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用这种方式讲述故事会显得很优雅
13:36
especially特别 if you're following以下 somebody on a journey旅程,
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尤其是你在跟着某人踏上旅途
13:38
and that journey旅程 basically基本上 tells告诉 something about
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这个旅途会把人物的性格特点
13:40
their personality个性 in a very concise简洁 way,
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十分详尽地描述出来
13:42
and what we wanted to do based基于 on the shot射击 in "Goodfellas好家伙,"
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我们在《好家伙》里面尝试过
13:45
which哪一个 is one of the great shots镜头 ever,
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这算得上史上拍得最好的镜头之一了
13:47
a Martin马丁 Scorsese斯科塞斯 film电影, of basically基本上 following以下 Henry亨利 Hill爬坡道
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一部Martin Scorsese的电影,镜头跟着主人公
13:50
through通过 what it feels感觉 like to be a gangster流氓 walk步行
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Henry Hill成为黑帮分子后的情绪起伏
13:52
going through通过 the Copacabana科帕卡巴纳 and being存在 treated治疗 in a special特别 way.
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漫步在Copacabana那里,受到不一样的对待
13:55
He was the master of his universe宇宙, and we wanted Hugo雨果
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他掌控了自己的世界,所以我们希望Hugo
13:58
to feel the same相同 way, so we created创建 this shot射击.
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也能有同样的感觉,所以我们制作了这一段
14:01
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
14:04
That's Hugo雨果. (Music音乐)
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他就是Hugo。(音乐)
14:09
And we felt that if we could basically基本上 move移动 the camera相机
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我们觉得如果能让镜头一直跟着他
14:12
with him, we would feel what it feels感觉 like to be this boy男孩
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我们就能感觉得到
14:15
who is basically基本上 the master of his universe宇宙,
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这个男孩有着自己的一个世界
14:18
and his universe宇宙 is, you know, behind背后 the scenes场景
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而他的世界,就是我们所谓的幕后这些
14:20
in the bowels肠子 of this particular特定 train培养 station
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这个特殊的火车站的管道
14:23
that only he can actually其实 navigate导航 through通过
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只有他清楚怎么在这些管道中
14:25
and do it this way, and we had to make it feel that
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穿梭前进,所以我们想营造一种
14:27
this is his normal正常, everyday每天 sort分类 of life,
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让人觉得这是他平凡的日常生活的感觉来
14:30
so the idea理念 of doing it as one shot射击 was very important重要,
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所以一镜到底这个想法就变得很重要了
14:32
and of course课程, in shooting射击 in 3D, which哪一个 is basically基本上
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当然,拍摄成3D
14:35
it's a huge巨大 camera相机 that's hanging off of a giant巨人 stick,
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就需要一个大摄像机在巨臂上移晃
14:39
so to recreate重建 a steadycamsteadycam shot射击 was the task任务,
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所以我们要用稳定相机来拍
14:42
and make it feel kind of like what the reaction反应 you got
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而且要让观众看后的反应
14:46
when you saw the "Goodfellas好家伙" shot射击.
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和看了《好家伙》后的反应一样
14:47
So what you're now going to see is how we actually其实 did it.
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接下来你们所看的,就是我们的如何做到的
14:51
It's actually其实 five separate分离 sets shot射击 at five different不同 times
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事实上是有5个分镜,分5次来拍
14:54
with two different不同 boys男孩.
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有两个不同的男孩
14:55
The one on the left is where the shot射击 ends结束,
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左边那个就是第一镜头的结尾
14:58
and the shot射击 on the right is where it takes over,
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右边那个就是接上来的
15:03
and now we switch开关 boys男孩, so it went from Asa作为一个 Butterfield巴特菲尔德,
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现在我们换了男孩,从Asa Butterfield
15:07
who's谁是 the star of the show显示, to his stand-in站在. (Music音乐)
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我们的小男主角,换到了他的替身。(音乐)
15:10
I wouldn't不会 say his stunt特技 double. There's a crazy rig操纵
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还说不上是他的特技演员
15:12
that we built内置 for this. (Music音乐)
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我们还专门造了这么一个疯狂的钻探。(音乐)
15:15
And so this is, and now this is set number three
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然后我们看到的是第三个镜头
15:18
we're into, and then we're going to go into, basically基本上
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我们就是这样穿过了,大概就这样
15:23
the very last moment时刻 of the shot射击 is actually其实
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这个镜头的最后
15:25
the steadycamsteadycam shot射击. Everything else其他 was shot射击 on cranes起重机
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是用斯坦尼康拍的,其他都是用吊臂来拍
15:28
and various各个 things like that, and it literally按照字面 was doneDONE
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或者其他类似的拍摄手法,基本上
15:30
over five different不同 sets, two different不同 boys男孩, different不同 times,
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分为五个场景,两个不同的男孩,不同的时间
15:33
and it all had to feel like it was all one shot射击, and what was
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这全部要让人感觉是一镜到底的
15:36
sort分类 of great for me was it was probably大概
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我觉得很棒的一点是
15:40
the best-reviewed最佳评审 shot射击 I've ever worked工作 on,
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这算得上我参与过最受好评的镜头了
15:43
and, you know, I was kind of proud骄傲 of it when I was doneDONE,
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嘿嘿,在完工的时候我还挺自豪的
15:46
which哪一个 is, you should never really be proud骄傲 of stuff东东, I guess猜测.
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我觉得吧,还是不要自豪过头变骄傲了
15:50
So I was kind of proud骄傲 of it, and I went to a friend朋友 of mine,
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所以我就有那么点自豪,然后我去找了个朋友
15:53
and said, "You know, this is, you know, kind of
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说,“知道不,这个,大概
15:55
the best-reviewed最佳评审 shot射击 I've ever worked工作 on.
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算得上我参与过最受好评的镜头了
15:57
What do you think was the reason原因?"
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你知道为什么吗?”
16:00
And he said, "Because no one knows知道
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然后他说,“因为没人知道
16:01
you had anything to do with it."
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这能和你扯上什么关系。”
16:03
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
16:06
So, all I can say is, thank you,
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好吧,我所能说的,就是谢谢了
16:10
and that's my presentation介绍 for you. (Applause掌声)
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这就是我的演讲。(掌声)
16:15
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Lee Li
Reviewed by Yuguo Zhang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rob Legato - Visual Effects Guru
Rob Legato creates surprising and creative visual illusions for movies.

Why you should listen

Did we really see what we thought we saw? Rob Legato creates visual illusions for movies -- thinking deeply both about vfx's expanding tech power and the truly new creative processes that can result. Legato won his first Oscar in 1998 for his work on James Cameron's Titanic, after several years in television supervising effects on two Star Trek series. His 2012 Oscar win for Hugo, the 3D film about a boy who lives alone in a Paris train station, underscores his fascinating partnership with Martin Scorsese -- doing digital effects on documentaries and new classics like The Departed.

He's worked with the big effects houses like Sony Imageworks and Digital Domain, but is now fascinated with the nimble new workflows made possible with digital tools. He designed the "virtual cinematography pipeline" that let James Cameron shoot Avatar like a feature film, not a software project. We know that fx can create new worlds -- but how can these tools unlock new creativity?

More profile about the speaker
Rob Legato | Speaker | TED.com