ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kirby Ferguson - Filmmaker and Remixer
Kirby Ferguson explores creativity in a world where "everything is a remix."

Why you should listen

What's a remix? In Kirby Ferguson's view, any piece of art that contains a recognizable reference to another work--a quote from a lyric, a borrowed riff, a filmic homage. Which makes almost everything a remix, from a Led Zeppelin song to a classic film from George Lucas. His deeply researched and insanely fun four-part web series, "Everything Is a Remix," dives into the question: Is remixing a form of creativity, a production of the new on the shoulders of what precedes it, or is it just copying? He comes out firmly on the side of creativity, calling for protections for people who, with good intentions, weave together bits of existing culture into something fresh and relevant.

His next web series is called "This Is Not a Conspiracy Theory," an attempt to explore how US politics came to be the way they are.

More profile about the speaker
Kirby Ferguson | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2012

Kirby Ferguson: Embrace the remix

科尔比 弗古森 :拥抱混搭

Filmed:
1,488,573 views

没什么是原创的,科尔比 弗古森说到。一切创作的源泉都是混搭。从鲍伯迪伦 到 史蒂夫 乔布斯, 我们最伟大的创造来自于假借,偷窃和改头换面
- Filmmaker and Remixer
Kirby Ferguson explores creativity in a world where "everything is a remix." Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
We're going to begin开始 in 1964.
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我们从1964 年开始谈起。
00:19
Bob短发 Dylan迪伦 is 23 years年份 old, and his career事业
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鲍勃 · 迪伦才 23 岁
00:22
is just reaching到达 its pinnacle巅峰.
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和他的事业正处在颠峰。
00:25
He's been christened命名 the voice语音 of a generation,
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他被尊为时代之声
00:27
and he's churning翻腾 out classic经典 songs歌曲
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他在以看似不可能的速度,
00:29
at a seemingly似乎 impossible不可能 rate,
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制作经典歌曲
00:31
but there's a small minority少数民族 of dissenters反对者, and they claim要求
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但有少数的异议,并且他们声称
00:36
that Bob短发 Dylan迪伦 is stealing偷窃行为 other people's人们 songs歌曲.
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鲍勃 · 迪伦在剽窃其他人的歌曲。
00:40
2004. Brian布赖恩 Burton伯顿, aka又名 Danger危险 Mouse老鼠,
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2004.布莱恩 · 伯顿,也就是危险老鼠,
00:44
takes the Beatles'披头士乐队' "White白色 Album专辑,"
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取了披头士的"白色专辑",
00:46
combines联合收割机 it with Jay-Z'sJay-Z的 "The Black黑色 Album专辑"
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结合专辑Jay-Z的"黑色专辑"
00:47
to create创建 "The Grey灰色 Album专辑."
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创建了"灰色专辑"。
00:49
"The Grey灰色 Album专辑" becomes an immediate即时 sensation感觉 online线上,
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"灰色专辑"立即在网上疯传
00:51
and the Beatles'披头士乐队' record记录 company公司 sends发送 out countless无数
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披头士乐队的唱片公司发出了无数
00:54
cease-and-desist停止和终止 letters for "unfair不公平 competition竞争
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停止"不公平竞争
00:57
and dilution稀释 of our valuable有价值 property属性."
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和稀释重要财产。“的信函
01:01
Now, "The Grey灰色 Album专辑" is a remix混音.
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好了,"灰色专辑"是混搭的,
01:03
It is new media媒体 created创建 from old media媒体.
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它是从旧媒体造出的新媒体。
01:05
It was made制作 using运用 these three techniques技术:
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它是由以下三种技巧来造成的:
01:08
copy复制, transform转变 and combine结合.
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复制、 转换和合并。
01:11
It's how you remix混音. You take existing现有 songs歌曲,
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过程是:你把现有的歌曲,
01:13
you chop them up, you transform转变 the pieces,
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截成小段、 变换这些片断,
01:15
you combine结合 them back together一起 again,
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最后再结合起来,
01:17
and you've got a new song歌曲, but that new song歌曲
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你造出了一首新歌,但这首新歌
01:19
is clearly明确地 comprised of old songs歌曲.
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很明显是老歌曲组成的。
01:22
But I think these aren't just the components组件 of remixing混音.
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但我觉得这些不是只是复配的组件。
01:25
I think these are the basic基本 elements分子 of all creativity创造力.
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我认为这些是所有创新的基本要素。
01:28
I think everything is a remix混音,
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我认为一切都是混搭,
01:30
and I think this is a better way to conceive构想 of creativity创造力.
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而且我认为这是对创造力更好的态度。
01:34
All right, let's head back to 1964, and let's hear
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好吧,让我们回到 1964 年,让我们听听
01:37
where some of Dylan's迪伦的 early songs歌曲 came来了 from.
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其中的一些迪伦早期的歌曲是从哪来的。
01:40
We'll do some side-by-side并排侧 comparisons对比 here.
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我们要在这里做一些横向比较。
01:42
All right, this first song歌曲 you're going to hear
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好吧,第一首歌你会听到
01:43
is "NottamunNottamun Town." It's a traditional传统 folk民间 tune.
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是"诺塔芒城"。它是一个传统的民间曲调。
01:46
After that, you'll你会 hear Dylan's迪伦的 "Masters大师 of War战争."
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之后,你会听到迪伦的"战争之王"。
01:48
Jean吉恩 Ritchie里奇: ♫ In NottamunNottamun Town, not a soul灵魂 would look out, ♫
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让 · 里奇: ♫ 在 诺塔芒城,一个灵魂都不会向往看,♫
01:53
♫ not a soul灵魂 would look up, not a soul灵魂 would look down. ♫
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♫ 灵魂不会向上看,没有一个灵魂会向下瞧。♫
02:00
Bob短发 Dylan迪伦: ♫ Come you masters主人 of war战争, ♫
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鲍勃 · 迪伦: ♫ 来吧战争之王,♫
02:04
♫ you that build建立 the big guns枪炮, you that build建立 the death死亡 planes飞机, ♫
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♫ 你构建枪支,你的打造死亡的飞机,♫
02:13
♫ You that build建立 all the bombs炸弹. ♫
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♫ 你,造成所有的炸弹。♫
02:16
Kirby柯比 Ferguson弗格森: Okay, so that's the same相同 basic基本 melody旋律
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柯比弗格森: 好吧,这就是相同的基本旋律
02:18
and overall总体 structure结构体. This next下一个 one is "The Patriot爱国者 Game游戏,"
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与整体结构。这下一个是"爱国者游戏 “
02:21
by Dominic多米尼克 Behan贝安. Alongside并肩 that,
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由多米尼克本汉。同时,
02:23
you're going to hear "With God on Our Side," by Dylan迪伦.
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你将听到迪伦的"上帝在我们这边"。
02:25
Dominic多米尼克 Behan贝安: ♫ Come all ye你们 young年轻 rebels叛军, ♫
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多米尼克本汉: ♫ 来吧,你们反叛的年轻人,♫
02:31
♫ and list名单 while I sing, ♫
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♫ 在我唱时,♫
02:35
♫ for the love of one's那些 land土地 is a terrible可怕 thing. ♫
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♫列出爱一个人的土地是件可怕的事情。♫
02:43
BDBD: ♫ Oh my name名称 it is nothin'没什么, ♫
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BD : ♫ 哦我的名字什么都不是,♫
02:49
♫ my age年龄 it means手段 less, ♫
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♫ 我的年龄不是问题 ♫
02:54
♫ the country国家 I come from is called the Midwest中西部. ♫
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♫ 我来自的国家被称为中西部。♫
03:00
KFKF: Okay, so in this case案件, Dylan迪伦 admits承认
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KF: 好的所以在这种情况下,迪伦承认
03:02
he must必须 have heard听说 "The Patriot爱国者 Game游戏," he forgot忘记 about it,
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他一定会听说过"爱国者游戏",他忘了这件事,
03:04
then when the song歌曲 kind of bubbled冒泡 back up
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然后当这首歌有点回想起来时,
03:06
in his brain, he just thought it was his song歌曲.
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在他的大脑中,他认为那是他的歌。
03:08
Last one, this is "Who's谁是 Going To Buy购买 You Ribbons丝带,"
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最后一个,这是"谁会给你买丝带,"
03:10
another另一个 traditional传统 folk民间 tune.
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另一个传统民间小调。
03:11
Alongside并肩 that is "Don't Think Twice两次, It's All Right."
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旁边的是"不要犹豫,那没关系。"
03:13
This one's那些 more about the lyric歌词.
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这更多关于歌词。
03:15
Paul保罗 Clayton克莱顿: ♫ It ain't no use to sit and sigh now, ♫
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保罗 · 克莱顿: ♫坐地叹息没有用♫
03:22
darlin'亲爱的, and it ain't no use to sit and cry now. ♫
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♫ 亲爱的 ,现在坐地叹息没有用。♫
03:30
BDBD: ♫ It ain艾因’t no use to sit and wonder奇迹 why, babe孩儿, ♫
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BD: ♫坐地冥想没有用,宝贝,♫
03:36
♫ if you don't know by now, ♫
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♫ 如果你现在还不明白♫
03:40
♫ and it ain't no use to sit and wonder奇迹 why, babe孩儿, ♫
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♫ 坐地冥想为什么真的没有用,宝贝,♫
03:45
it'll它会 never do somehow不知何故. ♫
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♫ 它永远不会有用。♫
03:48
KFKF: Okay, now, there's a lot of these.
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KF: 好吧,现在,有了很多例子。
03:50
It's been estimated预计 that two thirds三分之二 of the melodies旋律
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据预计,迪伦有三分之二
03:52
Dylan迪伦 used in his early songs歌曲 were borrowed.
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在他早期的歌中用过的旋律都是借来的。
03:55
This is pretty漂亮 typical典型 among其中 folk民间 singers歌手.
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这在民间歌手中相当平常。
03:57
Here's这里的 the advice忠告 of Dylan's迪伦的 idol偶像, Woody伍迪 Guthrie格思里.
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这里是迪伦的偶像 Woody Guthrie的意见。
03:59
"The worlds世界 are the important重要 thing.
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"世界是重要的事情,
04:00
Don't worry担心 about tunes曲调. Take a tune,
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就是别担心歌的曲调。一首曲子,
04:02
sing high when they sing low,
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当他们唱低,你就唱高
04:04
sing fast快速 when they sing slow, and you've got a new tune."
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当他们唱得慢,你就唱快。你就有一首新的曲子。"
04:07
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声)
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(笑声)(掌声)
04:11
And that's, that's what Guthrie格思里 did right here,
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这就是 Guthrie 就在这里做的
04:13
and I'm sure you all recognize认识 the results结果.
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相信大家都承认这结果。
04:16
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
04:22
We know this tune, right? We know it?
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我们听过这首曲子,正确吗?我们听过它吗?
04:24
Actually其实 you don't.
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其实你没有。
04:25
That is "When the World's世界 on Fire," a very old melody旋律,
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这就是"当世界起火"的非常老的旋律,
04:28
in this case案件 performed执行 by the Carter卡特 Family家庭.
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这个由卡特家族演奏。
04:30
Guthrie格思里 adapted适应 it into "This Land土地 Is Your Land土地."
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Guthrie 改编它为"这片土地是你的土地"。
04:33
So, Bob短发 Dylan迪伦, like all folk民间 singers歌手, he copied复制 melodies旋律,
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所以,鲍勃 · 迪伦,像所有的民歌手,他复制旋律,
04:37
he transformed改造 them, he combined结合 them with new lyrics歌词
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他改变了它们,将它们与新歌词结合
04:40
which哪一个 were frequently经常 their own拥有 concoction药汁
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这经常是自己炮制
04:43
of previous以前 stuff东东.
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以前的东西。
04:45
Now, American美国 copyright版权 and patent专利 laws法律 run counter计数器
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现在,关于我们建立在别人的工作的概念,
04:48
to this notion概念 that we build建立 on the work of others其他.
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美国的版权和专利法律背道而驰。
04:51
Instead代替, these laws法律 and laws法律 around the world世界
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这些法律和世界各地的法律都
04:54
use the rather awkward尴尬 analogy比喻 of property属性.
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使用财产似的笨拙的类比。
04:58
Now, creative创作的 works作品 may可能 indeed确实 be kind of like property属性,
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现在,创意作品可能确实是有点像财产,
05:00
but it's property属性 that we're all building建造 on,
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但它的价值,是基于我们后来附加的创造上,
05:02
and creations创作 can only take root and grow增长
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只要一有创意的土壤
05:05
once一旦 that ground地面 has been prepared准备.
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且只有这样创意才能继续生根发芽
05:08
Henry亨利 Ford once一旦 said, "I invented发明 nothing new.
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亨利 · 福特曾经说过:"我没发明什么新的
05:10
I simply只是 assembled组装 the discoveries发现 of other men男人
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我只重新组合他人的发现
05:12
behind背后 whom were centuries百年 of work.
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那背后是几个世纪的积累。
05:15
Progress进展 happens发生 when all the factors因素 that make for it
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当所有的因素,已准备好
05:17
are ready准备 and then it is inevitable必然."
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进步才会实现,才成为必然"。
05:21
2007. The iPhone苹果手机 makes品牌 it debut登场.
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2007年,iPhone 首次亮相。
05:26
Apple苹果 undoubtedly无疑 brings带来 this innovation革新 to us early,
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苹果无疑将这种创新给我们带来早了,
05:29
but its time was approaching接近 because its core核心 technology技术
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因为及其核心技术曾被数十年来不断发展,
05:31
had been evolving进化 for decades几十年.
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但它的时代已经接近。
05:33
That's multi-touch多点触摸, controlling控制 a device设备
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这就是多点触控来控制设备的技术
05:35
by touching接触 its display显示.
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这就是多点触控来控制设备的技术
05:37
Here is Steve史蒂夫 Jobs工作 introducing引入 multi-touch多点触摸
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这里是史蒂夫 · 乔布斯在引入多点触摸
05:39
and making制造 a rather foreboding预感 joke玩笑.
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并说着预言性的玩笑。
05:42
Steve史蒂夫 Jobs工作: And we have invented发明 a new technology技术
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史蒂夫 · 乔布斯: 与我们发明了一种新技术
05:44
called multi-touch多点触摸.
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被称为多点触摸。
05:47
You can do multi-fingered多指 gestures手势 on it,
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你可以抓取的手势,
05:49
and boy男孩 have we patented专利 it. (Laughter笑声)
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而且我们申请了专利!(笑声)
05:53
KFKF: Yes. And yet然而, here is multi-touch多点触摸 in action行动.
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KF: 是的。然而,这里是多点触控的进展。
05:57
This is at TEDTED, actually其实, about a year earlier.
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这是在 TED,其实,较早前一年左右。
05:59
This is Jeff杰夫 Han, and, I mean, that's multi-touch多点触摸.
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这是杰夫·韩,我的意思是,这就是多点触控。
06:01
It's the same相同 animal动物, at least最小.
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它至少是相同的动物。
06:03
Let's hear what Jeff杰夫 Han has to say about this
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让我们听听杰夫汉已谈论这
06:05
newfangled新奇 technology技术.
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新奇的技术。
06:07
Jeff杰夫 Han: Multi-touch多点触摸 sensing传感 isn't anything --
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杰夫 · 汉: 多点触摸感应不是别的什么 — —
06:09
isn't completely全然 new. I mean, people like Bill法案 Buxton巴克斯顿
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不是全新的。我的意思是,人们喜欢比尔巴克斯顿
06:11
have been playing播放 around with it in the '80s.
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它在八十年代玩弄它。
06:13
The technology技术, you know, isn't the most exciting扣人心弦 thing here
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这项技术,你知道,现在并不是最令人兴奋的事情
06:16
right now other than probably大概 its newfound新发现 accessibility无障碍.
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除了它也许开拓了新的应用范围
06:19
KFKF: So he's pretty漂亮 frank坦率 about it not being存在 new.
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KF: 所以他相当坦率,这个技术不是新的。
06:21
So it's not multi-touch多点触摸 as a whole整个 that's patented专利.
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所以,不是多点触控整体被专利保护,
06:23
It's the small parts部分 of it that are,
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这是它的小部分才是。
06:26
and it's in these small details细节 where
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正是在这些小细节中
06:27
we can clearly明确地 see patent专利 law contradicting矛盾 its intent意图:
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我们可以清楚地看到专利法反驳其意图:
06:30
to promote促进 the progress进展 of useful有用 arts艺术.
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为促进有价值艺术的进步。
06:33
Here is the first ever slide-to-unlock滑动来解锁.
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这里是第一个 滑动解锁。
06:36
That is all there is to it. Apple苹果 has patented专利 this.
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就这么简单。苹果,这已获得专利。
06:39
It's a 28-page-页 software软件 patent专利, but I will summarize总结
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它是一种 28 页软件专利,但我会总结它所涵盖的内容。
06:42
what it covers盖子. Spoiler扰流板 alert警报: Unlocking解锁 your phone电话
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注意,你们可能要失望了: 解锁您的电话
06:46
by sliding滑动 an icon图标 with your finger手指. (Laughter笑声)
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通过滑动用手指的图标。(笑声)
06:49
I'm only exaggerating夸大 a little bit. It's a broad广阔 patent专利.
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我只一点有点夸大。它是一种广泛的专利。
06:52
Now, can someone有人 own拥有 this idea理念?
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现在,有人可以拥有这种想法吗?
06:55
Now, back in the '80s, there were no software软件 patents专利,
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现在,早在八十年代,没有软件专利
06:57
and it was Xerox复印 that pioneered首创 the graphical图形 user用户 interface接口.
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开创了图形用户界面的施乐公司才那么干。
07:00
What if they had patented专利 pop-up弹出 menus菜单,
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如果他们拥有弹出菜单专利
07:03
scrollbars滚动条, the desktop桌面 with icons图标 that look like folders文件夹
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滚动条,在桌面上的图标看起来像文件夹
07:08
and sheets床单 of paper?
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和一张纸吗?
07:10
Would a young年轻 and inexperienced没经验 Apple苹果
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一个年轻和缺乏经验的苹果
07:12
have survived幸存 the legal法律 assault突击 from a much larger
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会经受住从大得多的施乐公司的法律攻击
07:15
and more mature成熟 company公司 like Xerox复印?
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而变得更成熟吗?
07:19
Now, this idea理念 that everything is a remix混音 might威力 sound声音
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现在,这一切都是混搭的想法可能听起来
07:21
like common共同 sense until直到 you're the one getting得到 remixed混音.
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像是常识一样除非你是正被混编的人。
07:26
For example ...
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例如 … …
07:27
SJSJ: I mean, Picasso毕加索 had a saying.
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SJ: 我的意思是,毕加索曾说
07:28
He said, "Good artists艺术家 copy复制. Great artists艺术家 steal."
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他说,"好的艺术家拷贝。伟大的艺术家偷窃。"
07:32
And we have, you know,
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我们有,你懂,
07:34
always been shameless不要脸 about stealing偷窃行为 great ideas思路.
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一直对偷窃伟大的想法不觉无耻。
07:37
KFKF: Okay, so that's in '96. Here's这里的 in 2010.
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KF: 好的,这是在 96年。现在是 2010 年。
07:39
"I'm going to destroy破坏 AndroidAndroid的 because it's a stolen被盗 product产品."
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"我要销毁安卓系统,因为它是一个盗窃来的产品。"
07:42
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:44
"I'm willing愿意 to go thermonuclear热核 war战争 on this." (Laughter笑声)
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"我愿意就此开动热核战争"。(笑声)
07:47
Okay, so in other words, great artists艺术家 steal, but not from me.
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好了,所以换句话说,伟大的艺术家窃取,但不是从我。
07:51
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:53
Now, behavioral行为的 economists经济学家 might威力 refer参考 to this sort分类 of thing as loss失利 aversion厌恶
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现在,行为经济学家可能会将这种事称为损失厌恶心理
07:57
We have a strong强大 predisposition倾向 towards protecting保护
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我们有强烈倾向于保护
07:59
what we feel is ours我们的.
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我们自己的东西。
08:01
We have no such这样 aversion厌恶 towards copying仿形
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我们没有对复制其他人厌恶
08:03
what other people have, because we do that nonstop马不停蹄.
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因为我们不停地做。
08:06
So here's这里的 the sort分类 of equation方程 we're looking at.
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所以这是我们看着的等式。
08:08
We've我们已经 got laws法律 that fundamentally从根本上 treat对待 creative创作的 works作品 as property属性,
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我们得从根本上将创意作品视为财产的法律
08:11
plus massive大规模的 rewards奖励 or settlements定居点
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和在侵权行为中巨大的回报或浅规则
08:14
in infringement侵害 cases, plus huge巨大 legal法律 fees费用
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再加上若要在法庭上保护自己的巨大的法律费用
08:16
to protect保护 yourself你自己 in court法庭,
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再加上若要在法庭上保护自己的巨大的法律费用
08:17
plus cognitive认知 biases偏见 against反对 perceived感知 loss失利.
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加上认知偏见反对感知损失。
08:21
And the sum looks容貌 like this.
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与总和看起来像这样。
08:23
That is the last four years年份 of lawsuits诉讼
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这是过去四年在智能手机领域的诉讼
08:26
in the realm领域 of smartphones智能手机.
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这是过去四年在智能手机领域的诉讼
08:28
Is this promoting促进 the progress进展 of useful有用 arts艺术?
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这是宣扬有用艺术的进展情况吗?
08:34
1983. Bob短发 Dylan迪伦 is 42 years年份 old, and his time
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1983。 鲍勃 · 迪伦是 42 岁的时候
08:40
in the cultural文化 spotlight聚光灯 is long since以来 past过去.
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他在文化聚光灯下的时代早已过去。
08:43
He records记录 a song歌曲 called "Blind Willie威利 McTellMcTell,"
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他录了一首歌叫做"盲的 威利 麦克塔,"
08:46
named命名 after the blues蓝调 singer歌手, and the song歌曲
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这首歌的名字以蓝调歌手命名
08:48
is a voyage航程 through通过 the past过去, through通过 a much darker time,
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歌曲是穿梭到过去,到一个当时更黑暗的时代
08:52
but a simpler简单 one, a time when musicians音乐家 like Willie威利 McTellMcTell
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但有一种简单音乐的过去,人们喜欢威利 麦克塔的过去
08:55
had few少数 illusions幻想 about what they did.
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有他们所做的几个幻想。
08:57
"I jump 'em“时间 from other writers作家
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"我从其他作家那抄来的
09:00
but I arrange安排 'em“时间 my own拥有 way."
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但我用我自己的方式。
09:02
I think this is mostly大多 what we do.
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我认为这是我们主要做的。
09:04
Our creativity创造力 comes from without, not from within.
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我们的创意来自于外界,而不是我们内心。
09:07
We are not self-made自制. We are dependent依赖的 on one another另一个,
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我们不是闭门造车,而是相互依赖的,
09:10
and admitting承认 this to ourselves我们自己 isn't an embrace拥抱
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对我们自己承认这一点并不是
09:13
of mediocrity庸人 and derivativenessderivativeness.
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对平庸和变种的拥抱。
09:16
It's a liberation解放 from our misconceptions误解,
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这是一次我们从误解中的解放,
09:19
and it's an incentive激励 to not expect期望 so much from ourselves我们自己
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这是不对自己期望过高的感知
09:22
and to simply只是 begin开始.
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只要开始就好。
09:24
Thank you so much. It was an honor荣誉 to be here.
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非常感谢。能够在这里是我的荣幸。
09:27
Thank you. (Applause掌声)
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谢谢。(掌声)
09:30
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause掌声)
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谢谢。谢谢。(掌声)
09:34
Thank you. (Applause掌声)
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谢谢。(掌声)
Translated by Jiadong Ma
Reviewed by Yuguo Zhang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kirby Ferguson - Filmmaker and Remixer
Kirby Ferguson explores creativity in a world where "everything is a remix."

Why you should listen

What's a remix? In Kirby Ferguson's view, any piece of art that contains a recognizable reference to another work--a quote from a lyric, a borrowed riff, a filmic homage. Which makes almost everything a remix, from a Led Zeppelin song to a classic film from George Lucas. His deeply researched and insanely fun four-part web series, "Everything Is a Remix," dives into the question: Is remixing a form of creativity, a production of the new on the shoulders of what precedes it, or is it just copying? He comes out firmly on the side of creativity, calling for protections for people who, with good intentions, weave together bits of existing culture into something fresh and relevant.

His next web series is called "This Is Not a Conspiracy Theory," an attempt to explore how US politics came to be the way they are.

More profile about the speaker
Kirby Ferguson | Speaker | TED.com