ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tristram Stuart - Author and Activist
Tristram Stuart sounds the warning bell on global food waste, calling for us to change the systems whereby large quantities of produce and other foods end up in trash heaps.

Why you should listen

Western countries waste up to half of their food. This is an injustice Tristram Stuart has dedicated his career to fixing. In his newest book, Waste: Uncovering the Global Food Scandal, Tristram shows how changing the systems that result in food waste could be one of the simplest ways to reduce pressure on the environment.

The winner of the international environmental award The Sophie Prize in 2011, Tristram is the founder of Feeding the 5000, a consciousness raising campaign where 5000 members of the public are given a free lunch using only ingredients that otherwise would have been wasted. Held in Trafalgar Square in 2009 and 2011, the event has also been held internationally.

In addition, Tristram works with a range of NGOs, governments, and private enterprises to tackle the global food waste scandal.

More profile about the speaker
Tristram Stuart | Speaker | TED.com
TEDSalon London Spring 2012

Tristram Stuart: The global food waste scandal

崔斯特瑞姆·斯图尔特:全球食物浪费的丑闻

Filmed:
1,725,844 views

西方国家丢弃将近一半的食物,并不是因为那些食物不可食用--而是因为它们看起来不够美味。崔斯特瑞姆·斯图尔特深入调查关于浪费食物的有震撼力的数据,呼吁大家更有责任的使用全球资源。
- Author and Activist
Tristram Stuart sounds the warning bell on global food waste, calling for us to change the systems whereby large quantities of produce and other foods end up in trash heaps. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
The job工作 of uncovering揭开 the global全球 food餐饮 waste浪费 scandal丑闻
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这项揭露全球粮食浪费丑闻的任务
00:19
started开始 for me when I was 15 years年份 old.
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从我15岁起便开始了。
00:22
I bought some pigs. I was living活的 in Sussex苏塞克斯.
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我买了一些猪。当时我住在萨塞克斯郡。
00:25
And I started开始 to feed饲料 them in the most traditional传统
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我开始用最传统
00:27
and environmentally环保 friendly友善 way.
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和环保的方式饲养它们。
00:29
I went to my school学校 kitchen厨房, and I said,
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我去了学校的厨房,我说,
00:31
"Give me the scraps下脚料 that my school学校 friends朋友 have turned转身
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“把那些我朋友们所看不上的
00:33
their noses鼻子 up at."
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残羹剩饭都给我。”
00:34
I went to the local本地 baker面包师傅 and took their stale陈旧 bread面包.
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我去了当地的面包店,向他们要了那些不新鲜的面包。
00:36
I went to the local本地 greengrocer菜贩, and I went to a farmer农民
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我去了当地的蔬菜水果店,还去找了一个
00:39
who was throwing投掷 away potatoes土豆 because they were
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正在丢弃土豆的农民,
00:41
the wrong错误 shape形状 or size尺寸 for supermarkets超级市场.
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仅仅是因为它们形状和尺寸不符合超市的需求。
00:44
This was great. My pigs turned转身 that food餐饮 waste浪费
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一切都很顺利。我养的那些猪把食物残渣
00:47
into delicious美味的 pork猪肉. I sold出售 that pork猪肉
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都转变成了美味的猪肉。我把猪肉
00:50
to my school学校 friends'朋友 parents父母, and I made制作
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卖给学校里朋友们的家长,并且我也从中赚到
00:52
a good pocket口袋 money addition加成 to my teenage青少年 allowance津贴.
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额外的零花钱。
00:57
But I noticed注意到 that most of the food餐饮 that I was giving my pigs
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但是后来我意识到,我喂猪所用的大部分食物
00:59
was in fact事实 fit适合 for human人的 consumption消费,
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都是人类可食用的,
01:02
and that I was only scratching搔抓 the surface表面,
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而我也只触到了问题表面,
01:04
and that right the way up the food餐饮 supply供应 chain,
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在整条食物链的最上面,
01:07
in supermarkets超级市场, greengrocers菜贩, bakers面包师, in our homes家园,
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在超市里,在蔬菜水果店里,在面包店里,在我们的家里,
01:10
in factories工厂 and farms农场, we were hemorrhaging出血 out food餐饮.
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在工厂和农场里,我们都在大量地、疯狂地浪费着食物。
01:13
Supermarkets超级市场 didn't even want to talk to me
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那些超市的负责人甚至都不愿意跟我讨论
01:16
about how much food餐饮 they were wasting浪费.
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那些他们到底浪费了多少粮食的话题。
01:17
I'd been round回合 the back. I'd seen看到 bins垃圾箱 full充分 of food餐饮
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我曾经绕到超市的后面。我亲眼目睹了那些装满食物的垃圾桶
01:20
being存在 locked锁定 and then trucked卡车 off to landfill垃圾填埋场 sites网站,
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被锁在卡车里,然后被送往垃圾场填埋,
01:23
and I thought, surely一定 there is something more sensible明智
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然后我就在想,肯定有更合理的处理食物的方法,
01:26
to do with food餐饮 than waste浪费 it.
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而不是浪费它们。
01:29
One morning早上, when I was feeding馈送 my pigs,
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一天早上,当我正在喂我的猪时,
01:31
I noticed注意到 a particularly尤其 tasty-looking好吃好看 sun-dried晒干 tomato番茄 loaf面包
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我看到一块看起来很美味的晒干的西红柿面包,
01:35
that used to crop作物 up from time to time.
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它们常常会出现。
01:37
I grabbed抓起 hold保持 of it,
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我抓起了它,
01:38
satSAT down, and ate my breakfast早餐 with my pigs. (Laughter笑声)
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坐了下来,跟我的那些猪共进早餐。(笑声)
01:42
That was the first act法案 of what I later后来 learned学到了 to call freeganism免费素食主义,
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这就是我第一次做出这种后来被我称呼为“免费素食主义"的举动,
01:45
really an exhibition展览 of the injustice不公正 of food餐饮 waste浪费,
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实际上体现出的是对浪费食物的不满,
01:49
and the provision规定 of the solution to food餐饮 waste浪费,
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并且提供了浪费食物的解决方案,
01:52
which哪一个 is simply只是 to sit down and eat food餐饮,
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那就是,坐下来,吃完它,
01:54
rather than throwing投掷 it away.
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而不是把它丢掉。
01:56
That became成为, as it were, a way of confronting面对
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这种行为变成一种对大型产业
01:59
large businesses企业 in the business商业 of wasting浪费 food餐饮,
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浪费食物行为的抵抗,
02:02
and exposing曝光, most importantly重要的, to the public上市,
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更重要的是,去向大众揭露,
02:04
that when we're talking about food餐饮 being存在 thrown抛出 away,
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当我们在说被丢弃的食品时,
02:07
we're not talking about rotten stuff东东, we're not talking about
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我们说的不是腐烂的食品,我们说的不是
02:09
stuff东东 that's beyond the pale苍白.
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那些难以下咽的食物。
02:11
We're talking about good, fresh新鲜 food餐饮 that is being存在 wasted浪费
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我们说的是那些完好的,新鲜的食物
02:14
on a colossal庞大 scale规模.
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在被大规模地浪费掉。
02:16
Eventually终于, I set about writing写作 my book,
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终于,我决定写一本书,
02:18
really to demonstrate演示 the extent程度 of this problem问题
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来说明这个问题在国际上的广度。
02:20
on a global全球 scale规模. What this shows节目 is
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这个显示出的是
02:23
a nation-by-nation全国由国 breakdown分解 of the likely容易 level水平
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世界上每个国家对食物可能的
02:27
of food餐饮 waste浪费 in each country国家 in the world世界.
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浪费程度。
02:30
Unfortunately不幸, empirical经验 data数据, good, hard stats统计, don't exist存在,
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但是很可惜,实际、确凿的数据很难统计,
02:34
and therefore因此 to prove证明 my point, I first of all had to find
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因此,为了证明我的观点,我首先得通过
02:36
some proxy代理 way of uncovering揭开
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一些替代的方式来揭露
02:39
how much food餐饮 was being存在 wasted浪费.
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有多少食物被浪费了。
02:41
So I took the food餐饮 supply供应 of every一切 single country国家
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于是,我把各国的食物供应量
02:43
and I compared相比 it to what was actually其实 likely容易
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跟其自身的实际消耗量
02:46
to be being存在 consumed消费 in each country国家.
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拿来做比较。
02:48
That's based基于 on diet饮食 intake录取 surveys调查, it's based基于 on
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这些数据是基于食物摄入量的调查问卷基础上,
02:52
levels水平 of obesity肥胖, it's based基于 on a range范围 of factors因素
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再加上肥胖程度和很多其他不同的因素,
02:55
that gives you an approximate近似 guess猜测
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来得出一个大概的
02:56
as to how much food餐饮 is actually其实 going into people's人们 mouths嘴巴.
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关于究竟有多少食物真正进入了人们的口中的推测。
03:00
That black黑色 line线 in the middle中间 of that table
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表格中间的黑线
03:02
is the likely容易 level水平 of consumption消费
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是食物消耗量的大概数值
03:05
with an allowance津贴 for certain某些 levels水平 of inevitable必然 waste浪费.
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当中包括了一定量的无法避免的浪费。
03:10
There will always be waste浪费. I'm not that unrealistic不切实际
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浪费永远都会存在。 我还不至于不切实际到去
03:12
that I think we can live生活 in a waste-free垃圾分类 world世界.
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以为我们可以生活在一个毫无浪费的世界里。
03:14
But that black黑色 line线 shows节目 what a food餐饮 supply供应 should be
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但是那条黑线显示出
03:17
in a country国家 if they allow允许 for a good, stable稳定, secure安全,
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一个具备良好的,稳定的,安全的
03:22
nutritional营养 diet饮食 for every一切 person in that country国家.
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有营养的食品的国家应该供应给每个人的食物量。
03:26
Any dot above以上 that line线, and you'll你会 quickly很快 notice注意 that
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你会发现,世界上绝大多数的国家
03:28
that includes包括 most countries国家 in the world世界,
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都处于这条线的上方,
03:31
represents代表 unnecessary不必要 surplus剩余, and is likely容易 to reflect反映
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代表着不必要的盈余,也反映出
03:35
levels水平 of waste浪费 in each country国家.
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每个国家的食物浪费量。
03:38
As a country国家 gets得到 richer更丰富, it invests投资 more and more
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当一个国家变富裕时,它会投入越来越多的资产
03:41
in getting得到 more and more surplus剩余
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来购买大量的、额外的存货
03:42
into its shops商店 and restaurants餐馆,
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导致商店和餐馆里产生更多的浪费,
03:45
and as you can see, most European欧洲的
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同时你可以看到,大多数欧洲
03:47
and North American美国 countries国家
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和北美的国家
03:48
fall秋季 between之间 150 and 200 percent百分
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消耗着150%到200%的
03:52
of the nutritional营养 requirements要求 of their populations人群.
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国家总人口营养需求量。
03:55
So a country国家 like America美国 has twice两次 as much food餐饮
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所以一个像美国这样的国家
03:57
on its shop shelves货架 and in its restaurants餐馆
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在它商店货架上和餐馆里所拥有的食物
04:00
than is actually其实 required需要 to feed饲料 the American美国 people.
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比实际需要喂饱所有美国人的量还多出一倍。
04:04
But the thing that really struck来袭 me,
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但是当我处理这些大量的数据时,
04:05
when I plotted绘制 all this data数据, and it was a lot of numbers数字,
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一件深深震撼我的事就是,
04:09
was that you can see how it levels水平 off.
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如你所见,数据点逐渐趋于平缓。
04:13
Countries国家 rapidly急速 shoot射击 towards that 150 mark标记,
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各个国家的点很快升至150的标记,而在到达这个界限后
04:16
and then they level水平 off, and they don't really go on rising升起
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便趋于平稳,而非像你所预期的那样
04:19
as you might威力 expect期望.
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继续上升。
04:21
So I decided决定 to unpack解压 that data数据 a little bit further进一步
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所以我决定更近一步的解读这些数据
04:23
to see if that was true真正 or false.
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来看这到底是准确的还是错误的。
04:26
And that's what I came来了 up with.
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这就是我所发现的。
04:27
If you include包括 not just the food餐饮 that ends结束 up
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如果不仅仅包括是那些最终
04:29
in shops商店 and restaurants餐馆, but also the food餐饮
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流向在商店和餐馆的食物,而且还包括
04:31
that people feed饲料 to livestock家畜,
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人们用来饲养牲畜的食物:
04:33
the maize玉米, the soy黄豆, the wheat小麦, that humans人类 could eat
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那些玉米、大豆、小麦,等等人类本可以食用
04:37
but choose选择 to fatten催肥 livestock家畜 instead代替 to produce生产
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但是却选择给牲畜用来增肥
04:39
increasing增加 amounts of meat and dairy乳制品 products制品,
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以便制造更多肉类和奶制品,
04:41
what you find is that most rich丰富 countries国家
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你会发现,大多数富裕的国家
04:43
have between之间 three and four times the amount of food餐饮
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消耗着它人口所需要的
04:47
that their population人口 needs需求 to feed饲料 itself本身.
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三到四倍多的食物。
04:50
A country国家 like America美国 has four times the amount of food餐饮
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一个像美国这样的国家有着它人口所需要的
04:54
that it needs需求.
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四倍的食物。
04:57
When people talk about the need to increase增加 global全球
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当人们在讨论着需要扩大全球
05:00
food餐饮 production生产 to feed饲料 those nine billion十亿 people
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粮食产量来喂饱2050年之际
05:02
that are expected预期 on the planet行星 by 2050,
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预计的全球90亿人口,
05:05
I always think of these graphs.
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我总是会想起这些图表。
05:07
The fact事实 is, we have an enormous巨大 buffer缓冲
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实际上,富裕的国家为我们和饥饿之间
05:09
in rich丰富 countries国家 between之间 ourselves我们自己 and hunger饥饿.
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提供庞大的缓冲。
05:13
We've我们已经 never had such这样 gargantuan庞大的 surpluses盈余 before.
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我们之前从未有过如此庞大的盈余。
05:18
In many许多 ways方法, this is a great success成功 story故事
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在很多方面,这是一个人类文明的成功的故事:
05:21
of human人的 civilization文明, of the agricultural农业的 surpluses盈余
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在农业富余方面
05:25
that we set out to achieve实现 12,000 years年份 ago.
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我们达到了12,000年前所定的目标。
05:28
It is a success成功 story故事. It has been a success成功 story故事.
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这是一个成功的故事。这一直都是一个成功的故事。
05:32
But what we have to recognize认识 now is that we are
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但是我们现在要认识到的是我们已经
05:34
reaching到达 the ecological生态 limits范围 that our planet行星 can bear,
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要达到地球所能承受的生态极限,
05:38
and when we chop down forests森林, as we are every一切 day,
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每天,当我们砍下一片片树林,
05:41
to grow增长 more and more food餐饮,
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来增加越来越多的食物,
05:42
when we extract提取 water from depleting消耗 water reserves储量,
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当我们从渐渐耗尽的水资源中提取水,
05:46
when we emit发射 fossil化石 fuel汽油 emissions排放 in the quest寻求
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当我们排放着化石燃料的废气
05:49
to grow增长 more and more food餐饮,
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来增加越来越多的食物,
05:50
and then we throw away so much of it,
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然后再把这么多的食物都丢弃,
05:53
we have to think about what we can start开始 saving保存.
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我们必须想一想我们能开始保存下些什么。
05:56
And yesterday昨天, I went to one of the local本地 supermarkets超级市场
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昨天,我去了一家我常去的
06:00
that I often经常 visit访问 to
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本地的超市
06:02
inspect检查, if you like, what they're throwing投掷 away.
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去察看他们丢弃了些什么。
06:06
I found发现 quite相当 a few少数 packets of biscuits饼干 amongst其中包括
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我找到了很多包饼干
06:09
all the fruit水果 and vegetables蔬菜 and everything else其他
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还有很多水果蔬菜和其他的一些东西
06:10
that was in there.
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都在废弃物之列。
06:11
And I thought, well this could serve服务 as a symbol符号 for today今天.
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然后我想到,这个可以作为今天的一个象征。
06:14
So I want you to imagine想像 that these nine biscuits饼干
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所以我想让你们把这9块我在垃圾桶里找到的饼干
06:16
that I found发现 in the bin箱子 represent代表 the global全球 food餐饮 supply供应,
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想象成全球粮食供应,
06:20
okay? We start开始 out with nine.
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好吗?我们最初有9块。
06:21
That's what's in fields领域 around the world世界 every一切 single year.
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这是全球每年的食物产量。
06:25
The first biscuit饼干 we're going to lose失去
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第一块饼干在我们离开农场之前
06:26
before we even leave离开 the farm农场.
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就会失去。
06:28
That's a problem问题 primarily主要 associated相关 with
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这个问题主要与
06:32
developing发展 work agriculture农业, whether是否 it's
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农业工作发展有关,不管它是
06:33
a lack缺乏 of infrastructure基础设施, refrigeration冷藏, pasteurization巴氏杀菌,
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缺乏基础设施,制冷设备,杀菌技术,
06:36
grain粮食 stores商店, even basic基本 fruit水果 crates包装箱, which哪一个 means手段
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以及粮油店,甚至基本的水果箱,这意味着
06:39
that food餐饮 goes to waste浪费 before it even leaves树叶 the fields领域.
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食物在离开产地之前就会被浪费掉。
06:42
The next下一个 three biscuits饼干 are the foods食品 that we decide决定
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下面三块饼干是在我们决定用来
06:46
to feed饲料 to livestock家畜, the maize玉米, the wheat小麦 and the soya黄豆.
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饲养牲畜用的食物:玉米,小麦和大豆。
06:50
Unfortunately不幸, our beasts兽类 are inefficient低效 animals动物,
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不幸的是,我们的野兽们是低效的动物们,
06:54
and they turn two-thirds三分之二 of that into feces and heat,
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它们把2/3都转换成粪便和热量,
06:59
so we've我们已经 lost丢失 those two, and we've我们已经 only kept不停 this one
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因此我们丢失了两块饼干,我们只保留下这一块
07:01
in meat and dairy乳制品 products制品.
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代表肉类和奶制品。
07:03
Two more we're going to throw away directly into bins垃圾箱.
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还有两块我们会直接丢进垃圾桶里。
07:07
This is what most of us think of when we think
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这就是我们大多数人所认为的
07:09
of food餐饮 waste浪费, what ends结束 up in the garbage垃圾,
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食物浪费,那些最终到了垃圾桶里的,
07:11
what ends结束 up in supermarket超级市场 bins垃圾箱,
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最终到了超市的垃圾桶里的,
07:13
what ends结束 up in restaurant餐厅 bins垃圾箱. We've我们已经 lost丢失 another另一个 two,
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最终到了餐馆的垃圾桶里的。于是我们又失去了两块,
07:16
and we've我们已经 left ourselves我们自己 with just four biscuits饼干 to feed饲料 on.
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而我们只为自己留下四块能食用的饼干。
07:19
That is not a superlatively苟且 efficient高效 use of global全球 resources资源,
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这种利用全球资源的方式并不高效,
07:23
especially特别 when you think of the billion十亿 hungry饥饿 people
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特别是当你想起这个世界上有多少亿的人们
07:26
that exist存在 already已经 in the world世界.
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正在挨饿着。
07:28
Having gone走了 through通过 the data数据, I then needed需要
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研究过这些数据,我还需要
07:30
to demonstrate演示 where that food餐饮 ends结束 up.
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演示这些食物最终去了那里。
07:33
Where does it end结束 up? We're used to seeing眼看 the stuff东东
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它去了哪里呢?我们习惯于看到那些在我们盘子上的
07:35
on our plates, but what about all the stuff东东
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食物,但是那些在这之前不见的
07:37
that goes missing失踪 in between之间?
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食物去了哪里呢?
07:39
Supermarkets超级市场 are an easy简单 place地点 to start开始.
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超市是个容易开始着手的地方。
07:41
This is the result结果 of my hobby爱好,
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而这是我爱好的结果,
07:44
which哪一个 is unofficial非官方 bin箱子 inspections检查. (Laughter笑声)
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就是非官方的垃圾桶检查。(笑声)
07:48
Strange奇怪 you might威力 think, but if we could rely依靠 on corporations公司
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你会想这很奇怪,但是如果我们能靠企业
07:51
to tell us what they were doing in the back of their stores商店,
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来告诉我们他们在店里都在做些什么,
07:54
we wouldn't不会 need to go sneaking鬼鬼祟祟 around the back,
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我们就不必要偷偷摸摸的跑到店后面,
07:57
opening开盘 up bins垃圾箱 and having a look at what's inside.
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打开垃圾桶去看里面有什么。
07:59
But this is what you can see more or less on
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但是这就是你或多或少
08:01
every一切 street corner in Britain英国, in Europe欧洲, in North America美国.
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能在英国,欧洲和北美的大街小巷里看到的。
08:05
It represents代表 a colossal庞大 waste浪费 of food餐饮,
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这表明了庞大的食物浪费,
08:08
but what I discovered发现 whilst同时 I was writing写作 my book
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但是在写书期间我发现
08:10
was that this very evident明显 abundance丰富 of waste浪费
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这些显而易见的大量浪费
08:14
was actually其实 the tip小费 of the iceberg冰山.
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其实只是冰山一角。
08:16
When you start开始 going up the supply供应 chain,
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当你开始从食物供应链往上,
08:19
you find where the real真实 food餐饮 waste浪费 is happening事件
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你就会发现庞大规模的食物浪费
08:22
on a gargantuan庞大的 scale规模.
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正在发生
08:24
Can I have a show显示 of hands
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我想让在座的各位来次举手投票:
08:25
if you have a loaf面包 of sliced切片 bread面包 in your house?
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如果你的家里有一条切片面包,
08:29
Who lives生活 in a household家庭 where that crust脆皮 --
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谁会把那些面包皮——
08:31
that slice at the first and last end结束 of each loaf面包 --
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就是那第一片和最后一片面包片——
08:35
who lives生活 in a household家庭 where it does get eaten吃过?
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哪些家庭会把这些吃掉?
08:37
Okay, most people, not everyone大家, but most people,
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好的,大部分人,不是所有人,但是绝大多数人,
08:39
and this is, I'm glad高兴 to say, what I see across横过 the world世界,
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而这也是,我很高兴地说,全球都是这样,
08:42
and yet然而 has anyone任何人 seen看到 a supermarket超级市场 or sandwich三明治 shop
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但是有没有人看到超市或者三明治店里
08:45
anywhere随地 in the world世界 that serves供应 sandwiches三明治
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世上任何地方卖的三明治
08:47
with crusts结壳 on it? (Laughter笑声)
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上面有面包皮?(笑声)
08:49
I certainly当然 haven't没有.
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至少我没见过。
08:50
So I kept不停 on thinking思维, where do those crusts结壳 go? (Laughter笑声)
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所以我继续想,这些面包皮都去了哪里?(笑声)
08:55
This is the answer回答, unfortunately不幸:
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这就是答案,很不幸:
08:58
13,000 slices of fresh新鲜 bread面包 coming未来 out of
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每天都有13,000块新鲜面包
09:00
this one single factory every一切 single day, day-fresh一天的新鲜 bread面包.
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从这一个工厂里产出,这是非常新鲜的、刚出炉的面包。
09:05
In the same相同 year that I visited参观 this factory,
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在我访问这个工厂的同一年,
09:07
I went to Pakistan巴基斯坦, where people in 2008 were going hungry饥饿
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我去了巴基斯坦,那儿2008年时还有很多人还在挨饿。
09:11
as a result结果 of a squeeze on global全球 food餐饮 supplies耗材.
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这是全球粮食供应紧张造成的。
09:15
We contribute有助于 to that squeeze
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是我们导致了供给紧张,
09:17
by depositing沉积 food餐饮 in bins垃圾箱 here in Britain英国
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我们把食物丢进英国垃圾桶里
09:20
and elsewhere别处 in the world世界. We take food餐饮
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还有世界各处。我们把
09:22
off the market市场 shelves货架 that hungry饥饿 people depend依靠 on.
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那些饥饿的人赖以生存的食物从商店货架上拿了下来。
09:25
Go one step up, and you get to farmers农民,
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往上走一步,你就能找到农民,
09:28
who throw away sometimes有时 a third第三 or even more
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他们把三分之一或者更多的
09:30
of their harvest收成 because of cosmetic化妆品 standards标准.
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收成都丢掉,只因为外形标准。
09:32
This farmer农民, for example, has invested投资 16,000 pounds英镑
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举例说,这个农民投资了16,000英镑
09:35
in growing生长 spinach菠菜, not one leaf of which哪一个 he harvested收获,
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来种菠菜,但是没有收割一片叶子,
09:38
because there was a little bit of grass growing生长 in amongst其中包括 it.
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因为菠菜之间长了一些草。
09:41
Potatoes土豆 that are cosmetically美容 imperfect不完善,
206
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那些外形不完美的土豆
09:43
all going for pigs.
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都归猪所有。
09:45
Parsnips防风草 that are too small for supermarket超级市场 specifications规格,
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4038
对超市来说太小的欧洲萝卜,
09:49
tomatoes番茄 in Tenerife特内里费,
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2016
特内里费的西红柿,
09:51
oranges桔子 in Florida佛罗里达,
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佛罗里达的橙子,
09:53
bananas香蕉 in Ecuador厄瓜多尔, where I visited参观 last year,
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厄瓜多尔的香蕉,那是我去年去过的地方,
09:56
all being存在 discarded丢弃. This is one day's waste浪费
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都被丢弃了。这是厄瓜多尔的
09:58
from one banana香蕉 plantation种植园 in Ecuador厄瓜多尔.
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一个香蕉种植园一天之内的废弃量。
10:01
All being存在 discarded丢弃, perfectly完美 edible食用,
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全部被丢弃了,明明完全都能食用,
10:03
because they're the wrong错误 shape形状 or size尺寸.
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只因为它们的形状或者大小不对。
10:05
If we do that to fruit水果 and vegetables蔬菜,
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如果我们对水果和蔬菜这样做,
10:07
you bet赌注 we can do it to animals动物 too.
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我们肯定也会这样对待动物。
10:10
Liver, lungs, heads, tails尾巴,
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2739
肝脏,肺脏,头部,尾部,
10:13
kidneys肾脏, testicles睾丸,
219
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1978
肾脏,睾丸,
10:15
all of these things which哪一个 are traditional传统,
220
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1713
所有这些被丢弃的脏器都是传统意义上
10:16
delicious美味的 and nutritious有营养 parts部分 of our gastronomy美食
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可口又营养的美食部分。
10:19
go to waste浪费. Offal内脏 consumption消费 has halved减半
222
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3496
最近30年,内脏消费量在
10:23
in Britain英国 and America美国 in the last 30 years年份.
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2535
英国和美国减少了一半。
10:25
As a result结果, this stuff东东 gets得到 fed美联储 to dogs小狗 at best最好,
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2640
结果是,这些东西最好的下场是喂狗吃了,
10:28
or is incinerated焚烧.
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1769
或者被焚烧。
10:30
This man, in Kashgar喀什, Xinjiang新疆 province, in Western西 China中国,
226
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3847
这个男人,在中国西部的新疆省喀什市,
10:33
is serving服务 up his national国民 dish.
227
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1915
正在做他的民族佳肴。
10:35
It's called sheep's organs器官.
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它叫做羊内脏。
10:37
It's delicious美味的, it's nutritious有营养,
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既美味又有营养,
10:39
and as I learned学到了 when I went to Kashgar喀什,
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2408
还有我去喀什的时候学到,
10:41
it symbolizes象征着 their taboo忌讳 against反对 food餐饮 waste浪费.
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它代表食物浪费的禁忌。
10:44
I was sitting坐在 in a roadside路边 cafe咖啡店.
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当我坐在路边的咖啡馆里,
10:46
A chef厨师 came来了 to talk to me, I finished my bowl,
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一个厨师来跟我说话,我刚吃完了我碗里的饭,
10:49
and halfway through通过 the conversation会话, he stopped停止 talking
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而话谈到一半,他不说话了
10:51
and he started开始 frowning皱着眉头 into my bowl.
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然后开始对着我的碗皱眉头。
10:53
I thought, "My goodness善良, what taboo忌讳 have I broken破碎?
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1879
我想,“天啊,我打破了哪些禁忌?
10:55
How have I insulted受辱 my host主办?"
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我如何侮辱了这个厨师?“
10:57
He pointed at three grains谷物 of rice白饭
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他指着我碗底的三粒米,
10:58
at the bottom底部 of my bowl, and he said, "Clean清洁." (Laughter笑声)
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然后说"吃干净。" (笑声)
11:03
I thought, "My God, you know, I go around the world世界
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1912
我想,”天啊,你知道,我到世界各地
11:05
telling告诉 people to stop wasting浪费 food餐饮.
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告诉大家停止浪费食物。
11:06
This guy has thrashed惨败 me at my own拥有 game游戏." (Laughter笑声)
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这个人居然在我的游戏里让我输得一败涂地。”(笑声)
11:11
But it gave me faith信仰. It gave me faith信仰 that we, the people,
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但是这给了我信心。它给了我信心,我们人类
11:14
do have the power功率 to stop this tragic悲惨 waste浪费 of resources资源
244
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有力量来停止这种悲剧般的资源浪费
11:19
if we regard看待 it as socially社交上 unacceptable不可接受
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如果我们把大规模的食物浪费视作
11:22
to waste浪费 food餐饮 on a colossal庞大 scale规模,
246
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1504
不被社会接受的,
11:23
if we make noise噪声 about it, tell corporations公司 about it,
247
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2553
如果我们发出声音,告诉企业,
11:26
tell governments政府 we want to see an end结束 to food餐饮 waste浪费,
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告诉政府我们不想再看到食物被浪费,
11:28
we do have the power功率 to bring带来 about that change更改.
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我们有能力来带来变化。
11:31
Fish, 40 to 60 percent百分 of European欧洲的 fish
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2712
鱼,40%到60%的欧洲的鱼
11:33
are discarded丢弃 at sea, they don't even get landed登陆.
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被丢弃在海里,他们甚至都没上过岸。
11:37
In our homes家园, we've我们已经 lost丢失 touch触摸 with food餐饮.
252
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在我们的家里,我们已经失去了与食品的接触。
11:39
This is an experiment实验 I did on three lettuces生菜.
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2917
这是一个我在三棵生菜上做的实验。
11:42
Who keeps保持 lettuces生菜 in their fridge冰箱?
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2638
谁把生菜放在冰箱里?
11:45
Most people. The one on the left
255
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大部分人。左边的
11:48
was kept不停 in a fridge冰箱 for 10 days.
256
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1453
是在冰箱放了10天的。
11:50
The one in the middle中间, on my kitchen厨房 table. Not much difference区别.
257
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2219
中间的那棵,是放在我厨房桌上的。没什么区别。
11:52
The one on the right I treated治疗 like cut flowers花卉.
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右边的这棵我把它视为精心修剪的花。
11:55
It's a living活的 organism生物, cut the slice off,
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它是一个有生命的机体,我把它一片一片切下来,
11:57
stuck卡住 it in a vase花瓶 of water,
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放在一个有水的花瓶里,
11:58
it was all right for another另一个 two weeks after this.
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它在两周后都是好的。
12:02
Some food餐饮 waste浪费, as I said at the beginning开始,
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有些食物浪费,像我在一开始说的那样,
12:04
will inevitably必将 arise出现, so the question is,
263
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1832
是不可避免的,所以问题是,
12:06
what is the best最好 thing to do with it?
264
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最好的解决方法是什么?
12:08
I answered回答 that question when I was 15.
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我15岁就回答了那个问题。
12:09
In fact事实, humans人类 answered回答 that question 6,000 years年份 ago:
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实际上,人类在6,000年前就回答了这个问题:
12:15
We domesticated pigs
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我们驯化了猪,
12:17
to turn food餐饮 waste浪费 back into food餐饮.
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把食物残渣转换成食物。
12:20
And yet然而, in Europe欧洲, that practice实践 has become成为 illegal非法
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然而,在欧洲,这种做法已成为非法行为
12:23
since以来 2001 as a result结果 of the foot-and-mouth手足口 outbreak暴发.
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自从2001年口蹄疫爆发后。
12:27
It's unscientific不科学. It's unnecessary不必要.
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这不科学,也毫无必要。
12:29
If you cook厨师 food餐饮 for pigs, just as if
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如果你做饭给猪,就像
12:31
you cook厨师 food餐饮 for humans人类, it is rendered呈现 safe安全.
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你做饭给人类一样,就是安全的。
12:34
It's also a massive大规模的 saving保存 of resources资源.
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同时也能减少很多资源利用。
12:37
At the moment时刻, Europe欧洲 depends依靠 on importing输入
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现在,欧洲依赖着从南美进口
12:40
millions百万 of tons of soy黄豆 from South America美国,
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几百万吨黄豆,
12:41
where its production生产 contributes有助于 to global全球 warming变暖,
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其生产导致全球气候变暖,
12:44
to deforestation森林砍伐, to biodiversity生物多样性 loss失利,
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大片森林遭砍伐以及生物多样性的丧失,
12:47
to feed饲料 livestock家畜 here in Europe欧洲.
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来饲养在欧洲的牲畜。
12:49
At the same相同 time we throw away millions百万 of tons
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同时我们扔掉几百万吨
12:52
of food餐饮 waste浪费 which哪一个 we could and should be feeding馈送 them.
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可以饲养这些牲畜的食物。
12:55
If we did that, and fed美联储 it to pigs, we would save保存
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如果我们那样做了,把它喂给猪,我们可以减少
12:58
that amount of carbon.
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那么多的二氧化碳。
13:00
If we feed饲料 our food餐饮 waste浪费 which哪一个 is the current当前
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如果我们浪费的食物,
13:03
government政府 favorite喜爱 way of getting得到 rid摆脱 of food餐饮 waste浪费,
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这是现在政府最喜欢用的处理剩余的食物的方法,
13:05
to anaerobic厌氧 digestion消化, which哪一个 turns food餐饮 waste浪费
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进行厌氧消化,将食物渣滓
13:08
into gas加油站 to produce生产 electricity电力,
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转换成汽油来生产电,
13:11
you save保存 a paltry微不足道 448 kilograms公斤 of carbon dioxide二氧化碳
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你能省下微不足道的448公斤的二氧化碳
13:14
per ton of food餐饮 waste浪费. It's much better to feed饲料 it to pigs.
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在每吨食物残渣里。把这些食物残渣喂给猪更好。
13:17
We knew知道 that during the war战争. (Laughter笑声)
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在战争时期我们就懂得。(笑声)
13:20
A silver lining: It has kicked off globally全球,
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有一线希望:它在全球已经拉开序幕,
13:24
the quest寻求 to tackle滑车 food餐饮 waste浪费.
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就是寻求解决粮食的浪费的方法。
13:26
Feeding馈送 the 5,000 is an event事件 I first organized有组织的 in 2009.
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Feeding the 5000是一个我在2009年第一次组织的活动。
13:30
We fed美联储 5,000 people all on food餐饮 that otherwise除此以外
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我们用本会被丢弃的食物
13:32
would have been wasted浪费.
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喂饱了5000个人。
13:34
Since以来 then, it's happened发生 again in London伦敦,
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从那以后,在伦敦又进行过一次,
13:36
it's happening事件 internationally国际, and across横过 the country国家.
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全国各地以及国际上也在进行着。
13:38
It's a way of organizations组织 coming未来 together一起
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这是所有组织在一起
13:40
to celebrate庆祝 food餐饮, to say the best最好 thing to do with food餐饮
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赞美食物,并同意处理食物的最好方法
13:44
is to eat and enjoy请享用 it, and to stop wasting浪费 it.
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就是吃它和享受它,而不要去浪费。
13:47
For the sake清酒 of the planet行星 we live生活 on,
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为了我们所赖以生存在的地球,
13:49
for the sake清酒 of our children孩子,
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为了我们的孩子,
13:53
for the sake清酒 of all the other
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为了其它
13:54
organisms生物 that share分享 our planet行星 with us,
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跟我们一起分享地球的生物,
13:57
we are a terrestrial陆生 animal动物, and we depend依靠 on our land土地
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我们是陆生动物,而我们依赖我们的土地
14:00
for food餐饮. At the moment时刻, we are trashing捣毁 our land土地
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来给我们供应食物。此刻,我们正在摧毁我们的土地
14:02
to grow增长 food餐饮 that no one eats.
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来栽种没有人吃的食物。
14:05
Stop wasting浪费 food餐饮. Thank you very much. (Applause掌声)
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停止浪费食物。非常感谢。(鼓掌声)
14:08
(Applause掌声)
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(鼓掌声)
Translated by Jing Xu
Reviewed by Steven Shen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tristram Stuart - Author and Activist
Tristram Stuart sounds the warning bell on global food waste, calling for us to change the systems whereby large quantities of produce and other foods end up in trash heaps.

Why you should listen

Western countries waste up to half of their food. This is an injustice Tristram Stuart has dedicated his career to fixing. In his newest book, Waste: Uncovering the Global Food Scandal, Tristram shows how changing the systems that result in food waste could be one of the simplest ways to reduce pressure on the environment.

The winner of the international environmental award The Sophie Prize in 2011, Tristram is the founder of Feeding the 5000, a consciousness raising campaign where 5000 members of the public are given a free lunch using only ingredients that otherwise would have been wasted. Held in Trafalgar Square in 2009 and 2011, the event has also been held internationally.

In addition, Tristram works with a range of NGOs, governments, and private enterprises to tackle the global food waste scandal.

More profile about the speaker
Tristram Stuart | Speaker | TED.com