TEDGlobal 2012
John Maeda: How art, technology and design inform creative leaders
John Maeda：如何结合艺术、科技和设计来成为有创造力的领导者
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
1,146,787 views
John Maeda是罗德岛设计学院的校长。这个风趣，吸引人的演讲讲述了他致力于的关于艺术、设计和科技的成果。他总结到，有创意的领导人会有很好的前景。请看Maeda展示他最初的作品，以及一台真人版计算机。
John Maeda - Artist
John Maeda, the former president of the Rhode Island School of Design, is dedicated to linking design and technology. Through the software tools, web pages and books he creates, he spreads his philosophy of elegant simplicity. Full bio
John Maeda, the former president of the Rhode Island School of Design, is dedicated to linking design and technology. Through the software tools, web pages and books he creates, he spreads his philosophy of elegant simplicity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I have to say that I'm very glad to be here.
0
248
2403
非常高兴能来到这里。
00:18
I understand we have over 80 countries here,
1
2651
3201
我知道大家来自于80多个国家，
00:21
so that's a whole new paradigm for me to speak
2
5852
2214
在来自于这么多国家的人面前发言，
00:23
to all of these countries.
3
8066
1379
对我来说是一种全新的体验。
00:25
In each country, I'm sure you have this thing called
4
9445
1985
我相信，在每个国家，
00:27
the parent-teacher conference.
5
11430
2121
都有一种叫家长会的东西。
00:29
Do you know about the parent-teacher conference?
6
13551
2114
你们知道什么是家长会吗？
00:31
Not the ones for your kids, but the one you had as a child,
7
15665
2400
不是作为一个家长，而是当你还是个孩子的时候，
00:33
where your parents come to school and your teacher
8
18065
2818
你的父母来到学校，
00:36
talks to your parents, and it's a little bit awkward.
9
20883
2498
然后，老师会跟他们进行些有点儿奇怪的谈话。
00:39
Well, I remember in third grade, I had this moment
10
23381
3341
我记得在我小学三年级的时候，
00:42
where my father, who never takes off from work,
11
26722
2856
我的父亲，一个从来不请假休息的人，
00:45
he's a classical blue collar, a working-class immigrant person,
12
29578
3930
一个典型的蓝领，移民工薪阶层，
00:49
going to school to see his son, how he's doing,
13
33508
3160
去学校看他儿子表现得怎么样，
00:52
and the teacher said to him, he said, "You know,
14
36668
2507
我的老师告诉他，“你知道吗，
00:55
John is good at math and art."
15
39175
2275
John擅长数学和艺术"。
00:57
And he kind of nodded, you know?
16
41450
2062
他稍稍地点了点头。
00:59
The next day I saw him talking to a customer at our
17
43512
2370
第二天，我看到他在跟我们家豆腐店的客人聊天，
01:01
tofu store, and he said, "You know, John's good at math."
18
45882
3795
他说，"你知道吗，John的数学很好。"
01:05
(Laughter)
19
49677
3291
（笑声）
01:08
And that always stuck with me all my life.
20
52968
2431
这个事情一直都让我困惑不解。
01:11
Why didn't Dad say art? Why wasn't it okay?
21
55399
2857
我爸爸为什么不提艺术？为什么擅长艺术就不好？
01:14
Why? It became a question my entire life, and
22
58256
3406
为什么呢？它成为了一个我一辈子都在寻找答案的问题，
01:17
that's all right, because being good at math meant
23
61662
2917
这也没什么的，因为擅长数学，
01:20
he bought me a computer, and some of you remember
24
64579
3532
他给我买了一台计算机，有些人可能记得这台计算机，
01:24
this computer, this was my first computer.
25
68111
1849
这是我的第一台计算机。
01:25
Who had an Apple II? Apple II users, very cool. (Applause)
26
69960
3853
你们谁有过Apple II？用Apple II 的人很酷。（掌声）
01:29
As you remember, the Apple II did nothing at all. (Laughter)
27
73813
3254
就跟你记得的一样，Apple II 什么也做不了。（笑声）
01:32
You'd plug it in, you'd type in it and green text would come out.
28
77067
2261
你插上电，开始打字，然后绿色文本就会出来。
01:35
It would say you're wrong most of the time.
29
79328
1557
大多数情况下它都会说命令错误。
01:36
That was the computer we knew.
30
80885
1834
这就是我们以前所接触的计算机。
01:38
That computer is a computer that I learned about
31
82719
2641
正是因为这台计算机，我进入了麻省理工学习，
01:41
going to MIT, my father's dream. And at MIT, however,
32
85360
4577
这是父亲的梦想。
01:45
I learned about the computer at all levels,
33
89937
3246
在麻省理工，我学习了各个层次的计算机知识，
01:49
and after, I went to art school to get away from computers,
34
93183
3680
但在那之后，我却去了艺术学校，以此来逃离计算机，
01:52
and I began to think about the computer as more of
35
96863
2238
我开始更多地将计算机看做是
01:55
a spiritual space of thinking.
36
99101
2181
思考的精神空间。
01:57
And I was influenced by performance art --
37
101282
2854
我深受表演艺术的影响，
02:00
so this is 20 years ago. I made a computer out of people.
38
104136
4235
于是20 年前，我做了一台由人模拟的计算机。
02:04
It was called the Human Powered Computer Experiment.
39
108371
3038
我将其命名为人类动力计算机实验。
02:07
I have a power manager, mouse driver, memory, etc.,
40
111409
3679
我有电源管理人、 鼠标驱动人员、 内存等，
02:10
and I built this in Kyoto, the old capital of Japan.
41
115088
3787
我是在日本的旧首都京都做的这个实验。
02:14
It's a room broken in two halves.
42
118875
1965
那是一个被分成两半的房间。
02:16
I've turned the computer on,
43
120840
2100
我开启计算机后，
02:18
and these assistants are placing a giant floppy disk
44
122940
3553
助理们把一个用纸板做的巨型软盘
02:22
built out of cardboard, and it's put into the computer.
45
126493
2846
放入计算机。
02:25
And the floppy disk drive person wears it. (Laughter)
46
129339
4309
然后那个充当软盘驱动器的人就戴着这个软盘。（笑声）
02:29
She finds the first sector on the disk, and
47
133648
2517
她访问磁盘上的第一个扇区,
02:32
takes data off the disk and passes it off to, of course, the bus.
48
136165
5331
提取数据，然后传递给电脑的主线。
02:37
So the bus diligently carries the data into the computer
49
141496
3556
主线会敬业地把数据输入到计算机，
02:40
to the memory, to the CPU, the VRAM, etc.,
50
145052
3444
到内存，到CPU，再到VRAM等。
02:44
and it's an actual working computer. That's a bus, really. (Laughter)
51
148496
4781
这是一个能运行的计算机，一个传输数据的线路集合，真的。（笑声）
02:49
And it looks kind of fast. That's a mouse driver,
52
153277
2477
它看起来很快。那是鼠标驱动人员
02:51
where it's XY. (Laughter)
53
155754
1999
写着XY。（笑声）
02:53
It looks like it's happening kind of quickly, but it's actually
54
157753
1709
它看起来似乎运行很快，但实际上，
02:55
a very slow computer, and when I realized how slow
55
159462
3196
这是一个运行非常慢的计算机，
02:58
this computer was compared to how fast a computer is,
56
162658
4123
当我意识到跟正常的计算机相比，它有多慢时，
03:02
it made me wonder about computers and technology in general.
57
166781
4637
我对计算机和科技从总体上有了新的思考。
03:07
And so I'm going to talk today about four things, really.
58
171418
2125
所以，我今天真正要谈论的有四件事。
03:09
The first three things are about how I've been curious
59
173543
3692
前三件事是关于我是如何一直以来
03:13
about technology, design and art, and how they intersect,
60
177235
3534
对科技、设计和艺术都充满了好奇的，
03:16
how they overlap, and also a topic that I've taken on
61
180769
2957
以及这三者是如何重叠、相互影响的。另一个主题
03:19
since four years ago I became the President
62
183726
2261
是我成为罗德岛设计学校校长这四年以来
03:21
of Rhode Island School of Design: leadership.
63
185987
3573
一直在思考的问题：领导力。
03:25
And I'll talk about how I've looked to combine
64
189560
2717
我会讲一下我是如何尝试着
03:28
these four areas into a kind of a synthesis, a kind of experiment.
65
192277
4635
把这四个领域结合到一起实现同步并进行试验的。
03:32
So starting from technology,
66
196912
2635
从科技开始说，
03:35
technology is a wonderful thing.
67
199547
2335
科技是很美好的事物。
03:37
When that Apple II came out, it really could do nothing.
68
201882
3524
当那个Apple II 问世时，它真的什么都做不了。
03:41
It could show text and
69
205406
2470
它可以显示文本，
03:43
after we waited a bit, we had these things called images.
70
207876
3598
一段时间后，它开始显示图像。
03:47
Remember when images were first possible with a computer,
71
211474
2482
还记得当计算机第一次显示图像，
03:49
those gorgeous, full-color images?
72
213956
2396
显示那些华丽、 全彩图像的时候吗？
03:52
And then after a few years, we got CD-quality sound.
73
216352
3218
几年后，CD 音质问世了。
03:55
It was incredible. You could listen to sound on the computer.
74
219570
2352
你可以在计算机上听到声音了，这令人难以置信。
03:57
And then movies, via CD-ROM. It was amazing.
75
221922
3937
然后是 CD-ROM的电影，多么了不起！
04:01
Remember that excitement?
76
225859
2143
还记得当时那种兴奋的感觉吗？
04:03
And then the browser appeared. The browser was great,
77
228002
3697
然后浏览器出现了，最初的浏览器不错，
04:07
but the browser was very primitive, very narrow bandwidth.
78
231699
2857
但是非常初级，只能执行很简单的任务。
04:10
Text first, then images, we waited,
79
234556
3257
首先是文本，然后有了图像，
04:13
CD-quality sound over the Net,
80
237813
1796
一段时间的等待之后，又有了通过网络播放的 CD音质，
04:15
then movies over the Internet. Kind of incredible.
81
239609
4644
然后是出现在互联网上的电影，有点儿难以置信。
04:20
And then the mobile phone occurred,
82
244253
2870
然后，手机诞生了，
04:23
text, images, audio, video. And now we have iPhone,
83
247123
5535
文本、 图像、 音频、 视频。
04:28
iPad, Android, with text, video, audio, etc.
84
252658
4124
现在我们有了能播放文本、 视频、 音频等内容的 iPhone，iPad，Android。
04:32
You see this little pattern here?
85
256782
2027
你发现这其中微妙的规律了吗？
04:34
We're kind of stuck in a loop, perhaps, and this sense
86
258809
3333
我们看起来像是被困在了这个循环之中，
04:38
of possibility from computing is something I've been
87
262142
2606
这种由计算机带来的种种可能性
04:40
questioning for the last 10 or so years,
88
264748
2817
是我过去10多年以来一直在质疑的。
04:43
and have looked to design, as we understand most things,
89
267565
4214
因为我通过设计来理解大多数事情，所以我们也研究了设计，
04:47
and to understand design with our technology has been a passion of mine.
90
271779
3888
通过科技来领会设计也成为了我的一个爱好。
04:51
And I have a small experiment to give you a quick design lesson.
91
275667
4756
我这里有一个小实验来让你快速了解设计。
04:56
Designers talk about the relationship between form
92
280423
2498
设计师注重于形式与内容，
04:58
and content, content and form. Now what does that mean?
93
282921
3341
内容与形式之间的关系。这是什么意思呢？
05:02
Well, content is the word up there: fear.
94
286262
2567
内容是屏幕上的字： 恐惧。
05:04
It's a four-letter word. It's a kind of a bad feeling word, fear.
95
288829
5071
一个由四个字母组成的词，是一个描述一种不好的感觉的词。
05:09
Fear is set in Light Helvetica, so it's not too stressful,
96
293900
4657
这个词用浅色Helvetica字体显示，
所以我们并没感到很有压力，
所以我们并没感到很有压力，
05:14
and if you set it in Ultra Light Helvetica,
97
298557
2701
如果设置成非常浅的Helvetica字体，
05:17
it's like, "Oh, fear, who cares?" Right? (Laughter)
98
301258
3938
感觉就像，"哦，恐惧，有什么大不了的呢？
“ 对吧？（笑声）
“ 对吧？（笑声）
05:21
You take the same Ultra Light Helvetica and make it big,
99
305196
2598
我们还是用同样浅色的Helvetica字体，但把它放大，
05:23
and like, whoa, that hurts. Fear.
100
307794
2542
就像，天哪，真吓人！恐惧！
05:26
So you can see how you change the scale, you change
101
310336
1915
刚才，我们通过改变字体大小，改变了形式。
05:28
the form. Content is the same, but you feel differently.
102
312251
4308
尽管内容是相同的，但你的感觉却不一样。
05:32
You change the typeface to, like, this typeface,
103
316559
2067
你把字体改成这样的，
05:34
and it's kind of funny. It's like pirate typeface,
104
318626
2783
这个比较搞笑，有点儿像海盗字体，
05:37
like Captain Jack Sparrow typeface. Arr! Fear!
105
321409
2924
像杰克船长（加勒比海盗）字体：啊！恐惧 ！
05:40
Like, aww, that's not fearful. That's actually funny.
106
324333
2891
这一点也不吓人，实际上还很好笑。
05:43
Or fear like this, kind of a nightclub typeface. (Laughter)
107
327224
3869
而这种字体，感觉像夜店。（笑声）
05:46
Like, we gotta go to Fear. (Laughter)
108
331093
2420
让你觉得我们必须得去“”恐惧“喝一杯。（笑声）
05:49
It's, like, amazing, right? (Laughter) (Applause)
109
333513
3013
很神奇，对吗？（笑声）（掌声）
05:52
It just changes the same content.
110
336526
2452
相同的内容，感觉却不一样。
05:54
Or you make it -- The letters are separated apart,
111
338978
2254
或者像这样，字母本来是分开的，
但把他们挤在一起，
但把他们挤在一起，
05:57
they're huddled together like on the deck of the Titanic,
112
341232
2188
像是在泰坦尼克号的甲板上，
05:59
and you feel sorry for the letters, like, I feel the fear.
113
343420
2999
你就会为这些字母感到难过，似乎是”我感到惧怕“。
06:02
You feel for them.
114
346419
2185
你可以感受到他们。
06:04
Or you change the typeface to something like this.
115
348604
2134
或者，你还可以把字体改为这样。
06:06
It's very classy. It's like that expensive restaurant, Fear.
116
350738
3532
它非常优雅，就像一家昂贵的叫做”恐惧“餐馆。
06:10
I can never get in there. (Laughter)
117
354270
2286
我永远都进不去。（笑声）
06:12
It's just amazing, Fear. But that's form, content.
118
356556
5286
恐惧，真是了不起。但这就是形式与内容。
06:17
If you just change one letter in that content,
119
361842
3049
如果你只改变其中的一个字母，
06:20
you get a much better word, much better content: free.
120
364891
3980
你会得到一个好得多的词：自由。
06:24
"Free" is a great word. You can serve it almost any way.
121
368871
4368
"自由"是一个很好的词，你可以用任何的方式感受它。
06:29
Free bold feels like Mandela free.
122
373239
2595
加粗之后，感觉像曼德拉被释放而自由了。
06:31
It's like, yes, I can be free.
123
375834
2681
就像”耶，我自由了“。
06:34
Free even light feels kind of like, ah, I can breathe in free.
124
378515
3272
变浅之后，感觉就像，啊！我可以自由呼吸了。
06:37
It feels great. Or even free spread out,
125
381787
2730
那感觉真棒。或者把这些字母分开，
06:40
it's like, ah, I can breathe in free, so easily.
126
384517
3572
这就像，我可以轻松自由地呼吸。
06:43
And I can add in a blue gradient and a dove,
127
388089
3207
我可以添加蓝色渐变和一只鸽子，
06:47
and I have, like, Don Draper free. (Laughter)
128
391296
2351
感觉就像Don Draper（广告狂人男主角）那样的自由。（笑声）
06:49
So you see that -- form, content, design, it works that way.
129
393647
3362
所以形式、 内容和设计就是这样运作的。
06:52
It's a powerful thing. It's like magic, almost,
130
397009
2433
这很强大，跟魔术差不多，
06:55
like the magicians we've seen at TED. It's magic.
131
399442
4286
就像我们在 TED看到的魔术师一样。
06:59
Design does that.
132
403728
2287
设计跟魔法一样，
07:01
And I've been curious about how design and technology intersect,
133
406015
3148
我一直以来都对设计和科技
是如何相互融合的十分感兴趣，
是如何相互融合的十分感兴趣，
07:05
and I'm going to show you some old work I never really
134
409163
1469
我将展示一些我以前从来没有展示过的作品，
07:06
show anymore, to give you a sense of what I used to do.
135
410632
3288
让你们了解我所做的事情。
07:09
So -- yeah.
136
413920
2626
--
07:12
So I made a lot of work in the '90s.
137
416546
3191
我在90 年代有很多作品。
07:15
This was a square that responds to sound.
138
419737
3296
这是一个对声音有反应的方块。
07:18
People ask me why I made that. It's not clear. (Laughter)
139
423033
3426
人们问我，为什么做这个东西，我也不知道。（笑声）
07:22
But I thought it'd be neat for the square
140
426459
5716
但是我认为，这个方块能对我做出反应，
07:28
to respond to me, and my kids were small then,
141
432175
5056
感觉很不错，那时候我的孩子们还很小，
07:33
and my kids would play with these things, like, "Aaah,"
142
437231
2576
他们会玩这些东西，
07:35
you know, they would say, "Daddy, aaah, aaah." You know, like that.
143
439807
2926
他们会对着方块喊，"啊！爸爸，啊，啊。”
07:38
We'd go to a computer store, and they'd do the same thing.
144
442733
2385
我们去买电脑的地方时，他们也会这样。
07:41
And they'd say, "Daddy, why doesn't the computer respond to sound?"
145
445118
3172
然后他们会问，"爸爸，为什么这些电脑没有回应呢？"
07:44
And it was really at the time I was wondering why doesn't the computer respond to sound?
146
448290
3543
正是从那时候起，我便开始想，
为什么计算机对声音没有反应呢？
为什么计算机对声音没有反应呢？
07:47
So I made this as a kind of an experiment at the time.
147
451833
3219
所以我当时就做了一些这种类型的实验。
07:50
And then I spent a lot of time in the space of
148
455052
3184
我也花了很多时间
07:54
interactive graphics and things like this, and I stopped doing it because
149
458236
2969
研究交互式图形以及相关的东西，但后来我停下来了，
07:57
my students at MIT got so much better than myself,
150
461205
2712
因为我在麻省的学生比我强多了，
07:59
so I had to hang up my mouse.
151
463917
1810
所以我不得不“金盆洗手”。
08:01
But in '96, I made my last piece. It was in black and white,
152
465727
3568
但在 96年，我制作了我最后一件作品：它是黑白的，
08:05
monochrome, fully monochrome, all in integer mathematics.
153
469295
3227
单色，完全单色，完全基于整数数学。
08:08
It's called "Tap, Type, Write."
154
472522
1666
我将其命名为"点，打，写。"
08:10
It's paying a tribute to the wonderful typewriter
155
474188
3486
我以此来向老式打字机致敬，
08:13
that my mother used to type on all the time as a legal secretary.
156
477674
4085
我母亲是位法律秘书，她曾经就在那样的打字机上打字。
08:17
It has 10 variations. (Typing noise)
157
481759
2521
它有 10 种变化。(打字声)
08:20
(Typing noise)
158
484280
2129
(打字声)
08:22
There's a shift.
159
486409
3373
这是shift。
08:25
Ten variations. This is, like, spin the letter around.
160
489782
4265
十种变化，这种是左右转动字母。
08:29
(Typing noises)
161
494047
3604
(打字声)
08:33
This is, like, a ring of letters. (Typing noises)
162
497651
6985
这像是一个由字母组成的戒指。(打字声)
08:40
This is 20 years old, so it's kind of a --
163
504636
2911
这台打字机有20多年的历史了，所以它有点儿 — —
08:43
Let's see, this is —
164
507547
1814
看，这是 — —
08:45
I love the French film "The Red Balloon."
165
509361
2116
我喜欢法国电影《红气球》。
08:47
Great movie, right? I love that movie. So,
166
511477
2258
很棒的电影，对吧？我非常喜欢那部电影。
08:49
this is sort of like a play on that. (Typing noises) (Typewriter bell)
167
513735
3608
所以，这就像那部电影的延伸。(打字声)(打字机铃声)
08:53
It's peaceful, like that. (Laughter)
168
517343
4130
很平静，就像这样。（笑声）
08:57
I'll show this last one. This is about balance, you know.
169
521473
4167
最后一种作品，是有关平衡的。
09:01
It's kind of stressful typing out, so if you
170
525640
1951
这种打字方法让人有点抓狂，所以如果你
09:03
type on this keyboard, you can, like, balance it out.
171
527591
3361
在这个键盘上打字，你可以让它平衡起来。
09:06
(Laughter)
172
530952
2070
（笑声）
09:08
If you hit G, life's okay, so I always say,
173
533022
2548
如果你按G，什么事儿也没有，所以我总是说，
09:11
"Hit G, and it's going to be all right.
174
535570
3357
"按G， 一切都会好的。“
09:14
Thank you. (Applause)
175
538927
2511
谢谢。（掌声）
09:17
Thank you.
176
541438
2647
谢谢。
09:19
So that was 20 years ago, and
177
544085
3332
这是在 20 年前。
09:23
I was always on the periphery of art.
178
547417
4642
我一直是在艺术的边缘。
09:27
By being President of RISD I've gone deep into art,
179
552059
2350
在担任了罗德岛艺术学院的校长之后，
我更加深入地了解了艺术，
我更加深入地了解了艺术，
09:30
and art is a wonderful thing, fine art, pure art.
180
554409
3659
艺术是非常美妙的，精美艺术，纯艺术。
09:33
You know, when people say, "I don't get art.
181
558068
2804
当有人说"我不懂艺术，我一点儿也不明白"时，
09:36
I don't get it at all." That means art is working, you know?
182
560872
4388
那就意味着艺术影响到你了，知道吗？
09:41
It's like, art is supposed to be enigmatic, so when you say,
183
565260
2076
艺术就应该是神秘的，所以当你说"我不明白" 的时候，
09:43
like, "I don't get it," like, oh, that's great. (Laughter)
184
567336
2964
其实是在说“哦，太棒了。”（笑声）
09:46
Art does that, because art is about asking questions,
185
570300
2632
这就是艺术的力量，艺术是在提问题，
09:48
questions that may not be answerable.
186
572932
2712
提那些可能无法解答的问题。
09:51
At RISD, we have this amazing facility called
187
575644
1928
在罗德岛设计学院，我们有一个十分出色的实验室
09:53
the Edna Lawrence Nature Lab. It has 80,000 samples
188
577572
3670
叫埃德娜 · 劳伦斯自然实验室，在那里我们有
09:57
of animal, bone, mineral, plants.
189
581242
3581
80,000 种动物、 骨头、 矿物质和植物的样本。
10:00
You know, in Rhode Island, if an animal gets hit on the road,
190
584823
2710
在罗德岛，如果一个动物被撞死了，
10:03
they call us up and we pick it up and stuff it.
191
587533
3174
就会有人打电话过来，我们会把尸体运过来，填充成标本。
10:06
And why do we have this facility?
192
590707
2541
我们为什么要有这样的实验室？
10:09
Because at RISD, you have to look at the actual animal,
193
593248
3443
因为在罗德岛设计学院，你需要看到真实的动物，
10:12
the object, to understand its volume, to perceive it.
194
596691
2880
来感知他的大小，并了解它们。
10:15
At RISD, you're not allowed to draw from an image.
195
599571
2712
在罗德岛设计学院，我们是不允许根据图像来画图的。
10:18
And many people ask me, John, couldn't you just
196
602283
1665
很多人问我，John，你就不能把这些实物数字化？
10:19
digitize all this? Make it all digital? Wouldn't it be better?
197
603948
4128
把所有东西都变成电子版，这不是更好吗？
10:23
And I often say, well, there's something good to how things
198
608076
2942
我常说，我们以前做事的方法是有可取之处的。
10:26
used to be done. There's something very different about it,
199
611018
3665
而且与众不同，
10:30
something we should figure out what is good about
200
614683
2326
即使是在新时代，
10:32
how we did it, even in this new era.
201
617009
3077
我们仍然要弄清楚它们好在哪里。
10:35
And I have a good friend, he's a new media artist named
202
620086
2891
我有一个好朋友，是一位新媒体艺术家
10:38
Tota Hasegawa. He's based in London, no, actually it's in Tokyo,
203
622977
3538
叫做长谷川值，他住在伦敦，不，实际上是在东京，
10:42
but when he was based in London, he had a game
204
626515
2102
但是当他住在伦敦时，他和他的妻子经常
10:44
with his wife. He would go to antique shops,
205
628617
3291
玩一个游戏，他们会去古董店，
10:47
and the game was as such:
206
631908
2147
这个游戏是这样的：
10:49
When we look at an antique we want,
207
634055
2681
当他们看见一件想要的古董的时候，
10:52
we'll ask the shopkeeper for the story behind the antique,
208
636736
2847
会问问老板这件古董背后的故事，
10:55
and if it's a good story, we'll buy it.
209
639583
1630
如果是一个很好的故事，他们才会买这件古董。
10:57
So they'd go to an antique shop, and they'd look at this cup,
210
641213
2241
所以当他们去古董店时，他们会看着这个杯子，
10:59
and they'd say, "Tell us about this cup."
211
643454
1329
然后问："跟我们讲讲这个杯子。"
11:00
And the shopkeeper would say, "It's old." (Laughter)
212
644783
4104
老板会说："它是旧的。"（笑声）
11:04
"Tell us more."
"Oh, it's really old." (Laughter)
"Oh, it's really old." (Laughter)
213
648887
3724
"还有呢。" "哦，它非常旧。"（笑声）
11:08
And he saw, over and over, the antique's value
214
652611
2546
他反反复复地了解到，
11:11
was all about it being old.
215
655157
2663
古董的价值便在于它是旧的。
11:13
And as a new media artist, he reflected, and said,
216
657820
2509
作为一名新媒体艺术家，他感叹道，
11:16
you know, I've spent my whole career making new media art.
217
660329
2644
我用整个职业生涯来创造新媒体艺术。
11:18
People say, "Wow, your art, what is it?"
It's new media.
It's new media.
218
662973
4702
人们却会说，"哇，这是什么艺术？“ "这是新媒体。”
11:23
And he realized, it isn't about old or new.
219
667675
3038
他意识到，新媒体无关乎旧或新。
11:26
It's about something in between.
220
670713
1514
它介于这两者之间。
11:28
It isn't about "old," the dirt, "new," the cloud. It's about what is good.
221
672227
5461
它不是关于"旧“的泥土，或是"新"的云。
它要寻找什么是好的。
它要寻找什么是好的。
11:33
A combination of the cloud and the dirt is where the action is at.
222
677688
5434
云和泥土的组合才是新媒体。
11:39
You see it in all interesting art today, in all
223
683122
1984
你会在所有有趣的艺术中，
11:41
interesting businesses today. How we combine
224
685106
2019
以及所有令人感兴趣的商业中，看到这种组合。
11:43
those two together to make good is very interesting.
225
687125
4289
如何将这两者结合产生好的东西，是非常有意思的。
11:47
So art makes questions, and
226
691414
2771
所以艺术创造问题，
11:50
leadership is something that is asking a lot of questions.
227
694185
4823
领导力则意味着提出很多问题。
11:54
We aren't functioning so easily anymore.
228
699008
2002
社会不像以前那样单一了。
11:56
We aren't a simple authoritarian regime anymore.
229
701010
3128
现在再也不是简单的独裁政权。
12:00
As an example of authoritarianism, I was in Russia one time
230
704138
3406
举个独裁主义的例子，
12:03
traveling in St. Petersburg, at a national monument,
231
707544
2176
我曾经去俄罗斯圣彼得堡的一个国家纪念碑旅游，
12:05
and I saw this sign that says, "Do Not Walk On The Grass,"
232
709720
3162
我看见一个标志，上面写着，"请勿践踏草坪“
12:08
and I thought, oh, I mean, I speak English,
233
712882
1643
我想，我是说英语的人，
12:10
and you're trying to single me out. That's not fair.
234
714525
2737
用英语写标语就像是刻意对我说的，这不公平。
12:13
But I found a sign for Russian-speaking people,
235
717262
2874
但我发现一个给说俄语的人的标志，
12:16
and it was the best sign ever to say no.
236
720136
3173
这是有史以来最好的禁止标志。
12:19
It was like, "No swimming, no hiking, no anything."
237
723309
2724
"禁止游泳，禁止远足，禁止任何事情。"
12:21
My favorite ones are "no plants." Why would you bring a plant to a national monument? I'm not sure.
238
726033
5599
我最喜欢的一个是"禁止携带植物。
" 为什么会有人带植物到国家纪念碑？我不太明白。
" 为什么会有人带植物到国家纪念碑？我不太明白。
12:27
And also "no love." (Laughter)
239
731632
2273
还有"禁止谈情说爱"。（笑声）
12:29
So that is authoritarianism.
240
733905
3553
这就是独裁主义。
12:33
And what is that, structurally?
241
737458
2165
从结构上而言，独裁主义是什么？
12:35
It's a hierarchy. We all know that a hierarchy is how we run
242
739623
2750
它是一个等级制度。大家都知道，
12:38
many systems today, but as we know, it's been disrupted.
243
742373
3025
如今我们都在用等级制度运做很多东西，
但它已经被打破了。
但它已经被打破了。
12:41
It is now a network instead of a perfect tree.
244
745398
3518
现在它是一个网结构，而不是一个完美的树结构。
12:44
It's a heterarchy instead of a hierarchy. And that's kind of awkward.
245
748916
3220
它是一个分层结构，而不是等级结构，这有一点奇怪。
12:48
And so today, leaders are faced
246
752136
3400
因此，我认为如今的领导者们面临着
12:51
with how to lead differently, I believe.
247
755536
1914
如何以不同的方式来带领团队。
12:53
This is work I did with my colleague Becky Bermont
248
757450
2230
我与我的同事Becky Bermont
12:55
on creative leadership. What can we learn
249
759680
2240
研究了创意领导学。
12:57
from artists and designers for how to lead?
250
761920
2425
我们从艺术家和设计师那里能学到哪些关于领导力的事情？
13:00
Because in many senses, a regular leader loves to avoid mistakes.
251
764345
4005
许多的情况下，一般的领导都希望避免错误，
13:04
Someone who's creative actually loves to learn from mistakes.
252
768350
4073
而有创意的人其实喜欢从错误中学习。
13:08
A traditional leader is always wanting to be right,
253
772423
3178
传统的领导者总是想要正确，
13:11
whereas a creative leader hopes to be right.
254
775601
4461
而创意领导者则只是希望能正确。
13:15
And this frame is important today, in this complex,
255
780062
2498
这个框架如今很重要，在现在这个复杂，捉摸不透的世界，
13:18
ambiguous space, and artists and designers have a lot to teach us, I believe.
256
782560
4770
我相信艺术家和设计师们可以教我们很多事情。
13:23
And I had a show in London recently where my friends
257
787330
3710
最近我在伦敦有一个展览，
13:26
invited me to come to London for four days
258
791040
1877
我的朋友邀请我在伦敦呆四天，
13:28
to sit in a sandbox, and I said great.
259
792917
2462
就坐在沙坑里，我欣然答应了。
13:31
And so I sat in a sandbox for four days straight,
260
795379
3348
于是那四天我一直坐在沙坑里，
13:34
six hours every day, six-minute appointments with anyone in London,
261
798727
3161
每天六个小时，在伦敦的任何人都可以和我面对面六分钟，
13:37
and that was really bad.
262
801888
2187
那可真是杯具。
13:39
But I would listen to people, hear their issues,
263
804075
3632
但是，我可以听见人们聊他们的问题，
13:43
draw in the sand, try to figure things out,
264
807707
1894
在沙上画画，试图解决问题，
13:45
and it was kind of hard to figure out what I was doing.
265
809601
2543
很难弄清楚我在做什么。
13:48
You know? It's all these one-on-one meetings for like four days.
266
812144
2708
这样一对一的会议，持续了四天。
13:50
And it felt kind of like being president, actually.
267
814852
1906
感觉就像当总统一样，真的。
13:52
I was like, "Oh, this my job. President. I do a lot of meetings, you know?"
268
816758
2997
就像"哦，这是我的工作。我是总统，我有很多会议。"
13:55
And by the end of the experience,
269
819755
1908
到最后，
13:57
I realized why I was doing this.
270
821663
2839
我意识到我做这件事的原因。
14:00
It's because leaders, what we do is we connect
271
824502
4129
这是因为作为领导者，
14:04
improbable connections and hope something will happen,
272
828631
4157
我们要做的就是建立原本不可能的联系，
并且希望一些事情会发生，
并且希望一些事情会发生，
14:08
and in that room I found so many connections
273
832788
1755
而在那个房间里，
14:10
between people across all of London, and so leadership,
274
834543
4320
我发现了很多伦敦人之间的联系，
14:14
connecting people, is the great question today.
275
838863
2637
所以用领导力来连接不同的人，是如今的大问题。
14:17
Whether you're in the hierarchy or the heterarchy,
276
841500
2257
无论你是在等级制度下，还是在分层结构中，
14:19
it's a wonderful design challenge.
277
843757
2395
这都一个很棒的设计挑战。
14:22
And one thing I've been doing is doing some research
278
846152
3725
我一直在研究一种系统，
14:25
on systems that can combine technology and leadership
279
849877
3648
一种透过艺术与设计的视角，
14:29
with an art and design perspective.
280
853525
994
来结合技术与领导力的系统。
14:30
Let me show you something I haven't shown anywhere, actually.
281
854519
4273
让我向你展示一些我从没展示过的东西。
14:34
So what this is, is a kind of a sketch, an application sketch
282
858792
2442
这是一个草图，
14:37
I wrote in Python. You know how there's Photoshop?
283
861234
2558
是我在Python 中写的应用，大家知道Photoshop吧？
14:39
This is called Powershop, and the way it works is
284
863792
4259
这个叫Powershop，而它运作的方式是这样的，
14:43
imagine an organization. You know, the CEO isn't ever
285
868051
3027
你可以想象一个组织，
14:46
at the top. The CEO's at the center of the organization.
286
871078
2282
在这个组织中，CEO任何时候都不是在最高层。
CEO 总是在这个组织的中心。
CEO 总是在这个组织的中心。
14:49
There may be different subdivisions in the organization,
287
873360
2219
组织中也许还有更小的分支机构，
14:51
and you might want to look into different areas. For instance,
288
875579
2685
你可能想要了解不同的领域。
14:54
green are areas doing well, red are areas doing poorly.
289
878264
3502
例如，绿色代表做得好的领域，红色代表表现不佳的领域。
14:57
You know, how do you, as the leader, scan, connect,
290
881766
2250
作为领导者，你如何浏览数据，建立联系，
14:59
make things happen? So for instance, you might open up
291
884016
3004
让事情变得可能？
15:02
a distribution here and find the different subdivisions in there,
292
887020
3150
例如，你可以点开这个分支，再找到其中不同的分支，
15:06
and know that you know someone in Eco, over here,
293
890170
3711
你认识在生态部门的某个人，在这里，
15:09
and
294
893881
1981
然后
15:11
these people here are in Eco, the people you might
295
895862
2008
这些在生态部门的人，
15:13
engage with as CEO, people going across the hierarchy.
296
897870
4068
可能是你作为 CEO或者管理者想要加强联系的人，
15:17
And part of the challenge of the CEO is to find
297
901938
3085
对于CEO而言，
15:20
connections across areas, and so you might look in R&D,
298
905023
3459
要找到跨越领域的联系是一件很具有挑战性的事。
你可能关注研发部，
你可能关注研发部，
15:24
and here you see one person who crosses the two areas
299
908482
3200
在这里，你看到一个跨越两个领域的人。
15:27
of interest, and it's a person important to engage.
300
911682
3557
那么这个人就是一个非常重要的人。
15:31
So you might want to, for instance, get a heads-up display
301
915239
4036
因此，你可能想要仔细地看看
15:35
on how you're interacting with them.
302
919275
2599
你是如何与他们互动的。
15:37
How many coffees do you have?
303
921874
1579
你跟他们喝了多少杯咖啡？
15:39
How often are you calling them, emailing them?
304
923453
3394
你多久给他们打一次电话，发一封邮件？
15:42
What is the tenor of their email? How is it working out?
305
926847
2790
他们邮件的主题是什么？进展得怎么样？
15:45
Leaders might be able to use these systems to
306
929637
2362
领导者也许能用这些系统来
15:47
better regulate how they work inside the heterarchy.
307
931999
2982
更好地规范被领导者在分层体系中的工作。
15:50
You can also imagine using technology like from Luminoso,
308
934981
3427
你还可以使用类似于Luminoso的技术，
15:54
the guys from Cambridge who were looking at deep
309
938408
2525
像那些来自剑桥的人一样做深度文本分析。
15:56
text analysis. What is the tenor of your communications?
310
940933
3229
你沟通的要旨是什么？
16:00
So these kind of systems, I believe, are important.
311
944162
3453
我认为，这种类型的系统是很重要的。
16:03
They're targeted social media systems around leaders.
312
947615
2858
它们关注于领导人的社交圈。
16:06
And I believe that this kind of perspective will only begin
313
950473
3309
我相信这种观点的壮大，
16:09
to grow as more leaders enter the space of art and design,
314
953782
5307
需要更多的领导人介入艺术和设计领域，
16:14
because art and design lets you think like this,
315
959089
3425
因为艺术和设计让你像这样思考，
16:18
find different systems like this,
316
962514
1775
找到像这样的不同的系统，
16:20
and I've just begun thinking like this,
317
964289
1873
而我才刚开始像这样思考，
16:22
so I'm glad to share that with you.
318
966162
1933
很高兴能与你们分享。
16:23
So in closing, I want to thank all of you
319
968095
3182
最后，我想谢谢大家
16:27
for your attention. Thanks very much. (Applause)
320
971277
4082
谢谢你们的关注。非常感谢。（掌声）
16:31
(Applause)
321
975359
4684
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
John Maeda - ArtistJohn Maeda, the former president of the Rhode Island School of Design, is dedicated to linking design and technology. Through the software tools, web pages and books he creates, he spreads his philosophy of elegant simplicity.
Why you should listen
When John Maeda became president of the legendary Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) in 2008, he told the Wall Street Journal, "Everyone asks me, 'Are you bringing technology to RISD?' I tell them, no, I'm bringing RISD to technology."
In his fascinating career as a programmer and an artist, he's always been committed to blurring the lines between the two disciplines. As a student at MIT, studying computer programming, the legendary Muriel Cooper persuaded him to follow his parallel passion for fine art and design. And when computer-aided design began to explode in the mid-1990s, Maeda was in a perfect position at the MIT Media Lab to influence and shape the form, helping typographers and page designers explore the freedom of the web.
Maeda is leading the "STEAM" movement--adding an "A" for Art to the education acronym STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math)--and experiencing firsthand the transformation brought by social media. After leaving his post as RISD's president, Maeda is turning his attention to Silicon Valley, where is is working as a Design Partner for Kleiner, Perkins, Caulfield and Byers. He is also consulting for eBay, where he is the chair of the Design Advisory Board.
John Maeda | Speaker | TED.com