ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rory Stewart - Politician
Rory Stewart -- a perpetual pedestrian, a diplomat, an adventurer and an author -- is the member of British Parliament for Penrith and the Border.

Why you should listen

Now the member of British Parliament for Penrith and the Border, in rural northwest England, Rory Stewart has led a fascinatingly broad life of public service. He joined the Foreign Office after school, then left to begin a years-long series of walks across the Muslim world. In 2002, his extraordinary walk across post-9/11 Afghanistan resulted in his first book, The Places in Between. After the invasion of Iraq in 2003, he served as a Deputy Governorate Co-Ordinator in Southern Iraq for the coalition forces, and later founded a charity in Kabul. 

To secure his Conservative seat in Parliament, he went on a walking tour of Penrith, covering the entire county as he talked to voters. In 2008, Esquire called him one of the 75 most influential people of the 21st century.

He says: "The world isn't one way or another. Things can be changed very, very rapidly by someone with sufficient confidence, sufficient knowledge and sufficient authority." 

More profile about the speaker
Rory Stewart | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxHousesOfParliament

Rory Stewart: Why democracy matters

罗里 斯图尔特:民主为什么重要

Filmed:
959,226 views

公众正在对民主制度失去信心——英国国会议员罗里-斯图尔特如是说。伊拉克和阿富汗的新民主政权腐朽不堪,与此同时,84%的英国人认为英国的政治已经破败。在这次演讲中,斯图尔特发出了重塑民主的呼吁,作为开始,他认为我们应该先弄清民主——不是作为一个工具,而是作为一种理念——到底为什么重要。
- Politician
Rory Stewart -- a perpetual pedestrian, a diplomat, an adventurer and an author -- is the member of British Parliament for Penrith and the Border. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
So little Billy比利 goes to school学校,
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小比利有一天去上学
00:19
and he sits坐镇 down and the teacher老师 says,
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老师问他
00:22
"What does your father父亲 do?"
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“你爸爸是做什么的?”
00:25
And little Billy比利 says, "My father父亲 plays播放 the piano钢琴
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小比利说:“我爸爸在鸦片馆里
00:28
in an opium鸦片 den巢穴."
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弹钢琴“
00:32
So the teacher老师 rings戒指 up the parents父母, and says,
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于是老师给小比利的父母打电话:
00:34
"Very shocking触目惊心 story故事 from little Billy比利 today今天.
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”小比利今天告诉我们一个很惊悚的故事,
00:37
Just heard听说 that he claimed声称 that you play the piano钢琴
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他说你在鸦片馆里
00:41
in an opium鸦片 den巢穴."
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给人弹钢琴
00:43
And the father父亲 says, "I'm very sorry. Yes, it's true真正, I lied说谎.
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比利的爸爸说:我很抱歉,我确实说谎了
00:47
But how can I tell an eight-year-old八岁 boy男孩
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但是我要怎么跟一个八岁的孩子说
00:50
that his father父亲 is a politician政治家?" (Laughter笑声)
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他的爸爸是个政客呢?(笑声)
00:55
Now, as a politician政治家 myself, standing常设 in front面前 of you,
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现在,我自己作为一个政客站在你们面前
00:58
or indeed确实, meeting会议 any stranger陌生人 anywhere随地 in the world世界,
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或者在在世界各地与陌生人会面
01:01
when I eventually终于 reveal揭示 the nature性质 of my profession职业,
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当我告诉他们我是个政客的时候
01:04
they look at me as though虽然 I'm somewhere某处 between之间
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他们看我的眼神,就好像我是某种
01:07
a snake, a monkey and an iguana鬣蜥,
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蛇,猴子和蜥蜴的混合体
01:12
and through通过 all of this, I feel, strongly非常,
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我非常强烈地感觉到
01:16
that something is going wrong错误.
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这里面有什么东西不太对劲
01:19
Four hundred years年份 of maturing成熟 democracy民主,
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我们的民主体系已经发展了四百年
01:22
colleagues同事 in Parliament议会 who seem似乎 to me, as individuals个人,
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我在国会里的那些同事,在我看来
01:25
reasonably合理 impressive有声有色, an increasingly日益 educated博学,
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都是非常有魅力,受过高等教育
01:28
energetic有活力, informed通知 population人口, and yet然而
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精力充沛而且有教养的人
01:33
a deep, deep sense of disappointment失望.
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但是人们却对我们充满了深深的失望
01:38
My colleagues同事 in Parliament议会 include包括, in my new intake录取,
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在新一届的议会中,我的同事包括
01:42
family家庭 doctors医生, businesspeople生意人, professors教授,
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医生,企业家,教授
01:47
distinguished杰出的 economists经济学家, historians历史学家, writers作家,
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著名经济学家,历史学家,作家
01:51
army军队 officers长官 ranging不等 from colonels上校 down to regimental sergeant军士 majors专业.
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还有军官,上至上校,下至准尉
01:56
All of them, however然而, including包含 myself, as we walk步行 underneath
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但是所有人,也包括我自己
02:00
those strange奇怪 stone gargoyles怪物 just down the road,
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当我们和人们打交道时
02:04
feel that we've我们已经 become成为 less than the sum of our parts部分,
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我们觉得我们的能力被忽视了
02:08
feel as though虽然 we have become成为 profoundly深深 diminished减少.
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我们觉得我们的作用被低估了
02:13
And this isn't just a problem问题 in Britain英国.
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这并不是一个在英国才有的问题
02:18
It's a problem问题 across横过 the developing发展 world世界,
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这个问题广泛存在于发达国家世界里
02:20
and in middle中间 income收入 countries国家 too. In Jamaica牙买加,
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在中等收入国家里也是如此
02:23
for example -- look at Jamaican牙买加 members会员 of Parliament议会,
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举个例子,在牙买加
02:26
you meet遇到 them, and they're often经常 people who are
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他们的议员很多都是罗德奖学金获得者
02:29
Rhodes罗兹 Scholars学者, who've谁一直 studied研究 at Harvard哈佛 or at Princeton普林斯顿,
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毕业于哈佛或者普林斯顿
02:35
and yet然而, you go down to downtown市中心 Kingston金士顿,
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但是你走到金斯顿(牙买加首都)市区里看看
02:38
and you are looking at one of the most depressing压抑 sites网站
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你看到的是你在一个中等收入国家里能看到的
02:41
that you can see in any middle-income中等收入 country国家 in the world世界:
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最萧条,最阴郁的景象
02:45
a dismal惨淡, depressing压抑 landscape景观
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放眼望去,房屋要么被烧毁
02:48
of burnt and half-abandoned半废弃 buildings房屋.
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要么基本为半废弃状态
02:51
And this has been true真正 for 30 years年份, and the handover交出
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这样的状况已经持续了30年
02:55
in 1979, 1980, between之间 one Jamaican牙买加 leader领导 who was
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1979,1980年的权力交接时期
02:59
the son儿子 of a Rhodes罗兹 Scholar学者 and a Q.C. to another另一个
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领导人从一个罗德奖学金获得者和一个皇室法律顾问的儿子
03:02
who'd谁愿意 doneDONE an economics经济学 doctorate博士学位 at Harvard哈佛,
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变成一个哈佛经济学博士
03:05
over 800 people were killed杀害 in the streets街道
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但那时大街上因滥用毒品引发的暴力
03:08
in drug-related药物有关 violence暴力.
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而被杀死的人有800人之多
03:12
Ten years年份 ago, however然而, the promise诺言 of democracy民主
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10年前,我们都认为
03:16
seemed似乎 to be extraordinary非凡. George乔治 W. Bush衬套 stood站在 up
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民主的前景会越来越乐观
03:19
in his State of the Union联盟 address地址 in 2003
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乔治.W.布什2003年在演讲时说
03:23
and said that democracy民主 was the force that would beat击败
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民主是能够治愈
03:27
most of the ills弊病 of the world世界. He said,
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世界上大部分问题的良药
03:30
because democratic民主的 governments政府 respect尊重 their own拥有 people
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因为民主的政府尊重他的人民
03:33
and respect尊重 their neighbors邻居, freedom自由 will bring带来 peace和平.
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尊重他的邻邦,自由可以带来和平
03:39
Distinguished杰出的 academics学者 at the same相同 time argued争论 that
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学者们那时候也认为
03:43
democracies民主 had this incredible难以置信 range范围 of side benefits好处.
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民主可以在很多方面都带来有益的帮助
03:47
They would bring带来 prosperity繁荣, security安全,
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他们认为民主可以带来繁荣,安定
03:50
overcome克服 sectarian宗派 violence暴力,
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消除宗派主义产生的暴力
03:53
ensure确保 that states状态 would never again harbor港口 terrorists恐怖分子.
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使一个国家再也不用担心恐怖主义的威胁
03:57
Since以来 then, what's happened发生?
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可在那以后情况又是怎样呢?
03:59
Well, what we've我们已经 seen看到 is the creation创建, in places地方 like Iraq伊拉克
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我们能看到的是,在伊拉克和阿富汗
04:03
and Afghanistan阿富汗, of democratic民主的 systems系统 of government政府
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成立了民主政府
04:07
which哪一个 haven't没有 had any of those side benefits好处.
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但是却没有得到上述的一点好处
04:10
In Afghanistan阿富汗, for example, we haven't没有 just had one election选举
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举例来说,在阿富汗,我们不仅仅举行了一次两次选举
04:13
or two elections选举. We've我们已经 gone走了 through通过 three elections选举,
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我们整整选举了三次
04:15
presidential总统 and parliamentary议会. And what do we find?
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有总统选举,也有议会选举。结果是怎样的呢?
04:18
Do we find a flourishing芊芊 civil国内 society社会, a vigorous蓬勃 rule规则 of law
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我们是不是就此建立了一个繁荣昌盛,守法有序
04:22
and good security安全? No. What we find in Afghanistan阿富汗
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和平安定的民主社会了呢?
不是。我们在阿富汗看到的是
04:25
is a judiciary司法 that is weak and corrupt腐败,
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法律体系脆弱而腐朽
04:30
a very limited有限 civil国内 society社会 which哪一个 is largely大部分 ineffective不灵,
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社会秩序杂乱无章
04:34
a media媒体 which哪一个 is beginning开始 to get onto its feet
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媒体才刚刚开始起步
04:37
but a government政府 that's deeply unpopular不得人心,
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但政府却失去了公信力
04:40
perceived感知 as being存在 deeply corrupt腐败, and security安全
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被人民认为是腐败的政权
04:43
that is shocking触目惊心, security安全 that's terrible可怕.
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社会治安更是糟糕
04:47
In Pakistan巴基斯坦, in lots of sub-Saharan撒哈拉以南 Africa非洲,
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在巴基斯坦,还有很多撒哈拉以南的非洲国家
04:52
again you can see democracy民主 and elections选举 are compatible兼容
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你也可以看到一些采用选举系统的民主政权
04:55
with corrupt腐败 governments政府, with states状态 that are unstable不稳定
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仍旧腐朽不堪
04:59
and dangerous危险.
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国家仍处在不安定和危险之中
05:01
And when I have conversations对话 with people, I remember记得
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当我和那里的人们交谈的时候
05:04
having a conversation会话, for example, in Iraq伊拉克,
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我记得我有次在伊拉克
05:07
with a community社区 that asked me
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有人问我
05:09
whether是否 the riot暴动 we were seeing眼看 in front面前 of us,
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我们现在眼前所见到的这些暴乱
05:13
this was a huge巨大 mob暴民 ransacking洗劫一空 a provincial省级 council评议会 building建造,
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那时我们眼前是一大群暴徒洗劫省政府大楼的情景
05:17
was a sign标志 of the new democracy民主.
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是否是新的民主政权的标志?
05:21
The same相同, I felt, was true真正 in almost几乎 every一切 single one
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我感到,在我去过的每一个发展中国家
05:26
of the middle中间 and developing发展 countries国家 that I went to,
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甚至于在我们自己的国家
05:28
and to some extent程度 the same相同 is true真正 of us.
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这样的情况都是存在的
05:33
Well, what is the answer回答 to this? Is the answer回答 to just
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那么,我们到底应该如何来应对这个问题?
05:35
give up on the idea理念 of democracy民主?
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我们难道应该就此放弃民主吗?
05:38
Well, obviously明显 not. It would be absurd荒诞
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显然,答案是否定的
05:41
if we were to engage从事 again in the kind of operations操作
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如果我们要把伊拉克和阿富汗
05:44
we were engaged订婚 in, in Iraq伊拉克 and Afghanistan阿富汗
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再次变成之前的模样
05:47
if we were to suddenly突然 find ourselves我们自己 in a situation情况
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如果我们忽然意识到
05:51
in which哪一个 we were imposing威风
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我们所推行的并非一个民主的系统
05:54
anything other than a democratic民主的 system系统.
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而是其他的东西
05:56
Anything else其他 would run contrary相反 to our values,
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其他与我们的价值观,人民的意愿
05:59
it would run contrary相反 to the wishes祝福 of the people
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还有我们的利益背道而驰的东西
06:01
on the ground地面, it would run contrary相反 to our interests利益.
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那将是非常荒谬的
06:04
I remember记得 in Iraq伊拉克, for example, that we went through通过
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我还记得在伊拉克的时候
06:08
a period of feeling感觉 that we should delay延迟 democracy民主.
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有一段时间我们觉得也许应该推迟那里的民主进程
06:10
We went through通过 a period of feeling感觉 that the lesson learned学到了
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我们觉得波斯尼亚的教训告诉我们
06:13
from Bosnia波斯尼亚 was that elections选举 held保持 too early
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如果选举进行的太早
06:17
enshrined供奉 sectarian宗派 violence暴力, enshrined供奉 extremist极端主义 parties派对,
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反而会助长宗派主义暴力和极端主义党派的发展
06:21
so in Iraq伊拉克 in 2003 the decision决定 was made制作,
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所以2003年我们在伊拉克做出了一个决定
06:24
let's not have elections选举 for two years年份. Let's invest投资 in
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那就是在两年内不进行选举
06:27
voter选民 education教育. Let's invest投资 in democratization民主化.
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而把精力先放在选民教育和民主化上
06:31
The result结果 was that I found发现 stuck卡住 outside my office办公室
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结果是,我的办公室门口堵了一大群人
06:35
a huge巨大 crowd人群 of people, this is actually其实 a photograph照片
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这张照片其实是在利比亚拍的
06:37
taken采取 in Libya利比亚 but I saw the same相同 scene现场 in Iraq伊拉克
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但是和我在伊拉克看到的情景一模一样
06:41
of people standing常设 outside screaming尖叫 for the elections选举,
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人们挤在门外,叫嚷着要求选举
06:45
and when I went out and said, "What is wrong错误
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我一出去,他们就喊:
06:47
with the interim临时 provincial省级 council评议会?
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“临时省委会怎么了?
06:50
What is wrong错误 with the people that we have chosen选择?
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我们选出来的人哪里不对了?
06:54
There is a Sunni逊尼派 sheikh酋长, there's a Shiite什叶派 sheikh酋长,
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“委员会里面有逊尼派的酋长,有什叶派的酋长
06:57
there's the seven -- leaders领导者 of the seven major重大的 tribes部落,
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有来自七个主要部落的七大族长
07:00
there's a Christian基督教, there's a Sabian洒遍,
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有基督教徒,有赛比教徒
07:03
there are female representatives代表, there's every一切 political政治 party派对 in this council评议会,
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有妇女代表,有每个党派的代表
07:07
what's wrong错误 with the people that we chose选择?"
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我们选出来的这些人到底哪里不对了?”
07:09
The answer回答 came来了, "The problem问题 isn't the people
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我的回答是这样的:
07:12
that you chose选择. The problem问题 is that you chose选择 them."
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“问题不在于你选出来的人,而在于你选了他们。”
07:18
I have not met会见, in Afghanistan阿富汗, in even the most
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在阿富汗,即使是最偏僻的地区
07:22
remote远程 community社区, anybody任何人 who does not want
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我也从来没遇见过一个人
07:25
a say in who governs共治 them.
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说他不想参与决定谁来统治他们
07:28
Most remote远程 community社区, I have never met会见 a villager村民
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从来没遇见过一个人
07:30
who does not want a vote投票.
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说他不想进行投票
07:33
So we need to acknowledge确认
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所以我们要认识到
07:37
that despite尽管 the dubious可疑 statistics统计, despite尽管 the fact事实 that
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即使那些真实性有待考究的数据说
07:40
84 percent百分 of people in Britain英国 feel politics政治 is broken破碎,
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84%的英国人认为英国的政治是腐朽的
07:46
despite尽管 the fact事实 that when I was in Iraq伊拉克, we did an opinion意见 poll轮询
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即使当我在伊拉克时,我们做了一个民意调查
07:49
in 2003 and asked people what political政治 systems系统 they preferred首选,
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那是在03年,我们要求民众选择他们更喜欢的政治体系
07:53
and the answer回答 came来了 back that
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结果是这样的
07:55
seven percent百分 wanted the United联合的 States状态,
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7%想要美国模式
07:58
five percent百分 wanted France法国,
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5%想要法国模式
08:01
three percent百分 wanted Britain英国,
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3%想要英国模式
08:04
and nearly几乎 40 percent百分 wanted Dubai迪拜, which哪一个 is, after all,
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却有将近40%选择了迪拜模式
08:08
not a democratic民主的 state at all but a relatively相对 prosperous繁荣
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阿联酋甚至都不是一个民主国家,而是一个相对繁荣的
08:11
minor次要 monarchy帝制, democracy民主 is a thing of value
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君主制国家。民主是我们应该
08:15
for which哪一个 we should be fighting战斗. But in order订购 to do so
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为之奋斗的价值观。但首先
08:19
we need to get away from instrumental仪器的 arguments参数.
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我们应该避免整天把那些“民主的好处”挂在嘴边
08:22
We need to get away from saying democracy民主 matters事项
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我们应该避免说:民主很重要
08:25
because of the other things it brings带来.
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因为它可以带来很多好处
08:29
We need to get away from feeling感觉, in the same相同 way,
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同样的道理,我们应该避免说
08:31
human人的 rights权利 matters事项 because of the other things it brings带来,
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人权很重要,或者是女性权利很重要
08:34
or women's女士的 rights权利 matters事项 for the other things it brings带来.
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因为它们可以带来很多好处
08:38
Why should we get away from those arguments参数?
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为什么我们应该避免这样的论点?
08:40
Because they're very dangerous危险. If we set about saying,
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因为它们的根基是薄弱的
08:43
for example, torture拷打 is wrong错误 because it doesn't extract提取
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举个例子,拷打人是错误的,因为它不能收集到有用的信息
08:47
good information信息, or we say, you need women's女士的 rights权利
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或者我们说,我们需要妇女权利
08:53
because it stimulates提神 economic经济 growth发展 by doubling加倍 the size尺寸 of the work force,
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因为它可以使劳力翻番,促进经济
08:57
you leave离开 yourself你自己 open打开 to the position位置 where
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你就给自己留下了被人击溃的突破口
08:59
the government政府 of North Korea韩国 can turn around and say,
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这时候朝鲜政府就可以说
09:01
"Well actually其实, we're having a lot of success成功 extracting提取
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“事实上我们现在正是用折磨的手段
09:04
good information信息 with our torture拷打 at the moment时刻,"
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获取了很多有用的信息”
09:06
or the government政府 of Saudi沙特 Arabia阿拉伯 to say, "Well,
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沙特阿拉伯政府也可以说
09:08
our economic经济 growth's增长的 okay, thank you very much,
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“谢谢你们的关心,我们的经济还可以
09:10
considerably相当 better than yours你的,
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比你们可能还要稍微好一点
09:12
so maybe we don't need to go ahead with this program程序 on women's女士的 rights权利."
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所以我们大概用不着搞那些争取妇女权利的运动了
09:16
The point about democracy民主 is not instrumental仪器的.
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民主的重要性并不在于它本身的“好处”
09:20
It's not about the things that it brings带来.
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也不是它可以带来的利益
09:23
The point about democracy民主 is not that it delivers提供
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民主的重要性在于它体现了
09:25
legitimate合法, effective有效, prosperous繁荣 rule规则 of law.
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法律的正当性,有效性和繁荣发展
09:32
It's not that it guarantees担保 peace和平 with itself本身 or with its neighbors邻居.
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民主并不能保证一个国家及其邻邦的安全
09:36
The point about democracy民主 is intrinsic固有.
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它的重要性是内在的
09:39
Democracy民主 matters事项 because it reflects反映 an idea理念 of equality平等
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因为它反映了平等的理念
09:45
and an idea理念 of liberty自由. It reflects反映 an idea理念 of dignity尊严,
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自由的理念,以及人的尊严
09:49
the dignity尊严 of the individual个人, the idea理念 that each individual个人
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它体现了每个人都有平等的权利
09:53
should have an equal等于 vote投票, an equal等于 say,
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来进行投票
09:56
in the formation编队 of their government政府.
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参与决定谁来组成他们的政府
10:00
But if we're really to make democracy民主 vigorous蓬勃 again,
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但是,如果我们真的想让民主
10:04
if we're ready准备 to revivify复活 it, we need to get involved参与
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再次复苏,我们需要
10:07
in a new project项目 of the citizens公民 and the politicians政治家.
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公民和政客们的共同努力
10:12
Democracy民主 is not simply只是 a question of structures结构.
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民主并不仅仅是政权的结构问题
10:16
It is a state of mind心神. It is an activity活动.
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它是一种思想状态,也是一种行动
10:20
And part部分 of that activity活动 is honesty诚实.
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而诚实则是这行动中的一部分
10:24
After I speak说话 to you today今天, I'm going on a radio无线电 program程序
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我今天在这里的演讲结束之后,我要去参加一个
10:28
called "Any Questions问题," and the thing you will have noticed注意到
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叫做“你问我答”的电台节目,你们也许也发现了
10:30
about politicians政治家 on these kinds of radio无线电 programs程式
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参加这类节目的政客们
10:34
is that they never, ever say that they don't know the answer回答
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永远永远都不会说“我不知道”
10:37
to a question. It doesn't matter what it is.
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不管那是个什么样的问题
10:39
If you ask about child儿童 tax credits学分, the future未来 of the penguins企鹅
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你问他儿童税收抵免
10:42
in the south Antarctic南极洲, asked to hold保持 forth向前 on whether是否 or not
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问他南极企鹅的未来
10:47
the developments发展 in Chongqing contribute有助于
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问他中国重庆的发展
10:49
to sustainable可持续发展 development发展 in carbon capture捕获,
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是否对碳捕捉的可持续发展有所贡献
10:52
and we will have an answer回答 for you.
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我们都能给你提供答案
10:54
We need to stop that, to stop pretending假装 to be
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但这也是我们现在所需要停止的
10:58
omniscient无所不知 beings众生.
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不要再假装自己是无所不知的人
11:00
Politicians政治家 also need to learn学习, occasionally偶尔, to say that
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政客们偶尔也需要学会说
11:03
certain某些 things that voters选民 want, certain某些 things that voters选民
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有些选民们所想要的东西
11:07
have been promised许诺, may可能 be things
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有些我们曾向选民们承诺过的东西
11:11
that we cannot不能 deliver交付
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其实可能是我们做不到的
11:14
or perhaps也许 that we feel we should not deliver交付.
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或者我们觉得所不应该做的
11:18
And the second第二 thing we should do is understand理解
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我们应该做的第二件事是
11:21
the genius天才 of our societies社会.
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理解这个社会里的天才
11:24
Our societies社会 have never been so educated博学, have never
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我们的社会从来没有过像现在这样高的教育水平
11:28
been so energized通电, have never been so healthy健康,
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从来没有像现在这样健康且充满活力
11:31
have never known已知 so much, cared照顾 so much,
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人们从来没有像现在这样知道这么多,关心这么多
11:33
or wanted to do so much, and it is a genius天才 of the local本地.
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需要这么多,这都是整个社会中智慧的集合
11:39
One of the reasons原因 why we're moving移动 away
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大家看看
11:42
from banqueting宴会 halls大厅 such这样 as the one in which哪一个 we stand,
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现在我们所在的宴会大厅
11:46
banqueting宴会 halls大厅 with extraordinary非凡 images图片 on the ceiling天花板
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天花板上是繁复耀眼的壁画
11:50
of kings国王 enthroned登基,
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描绘着国王登基的情景
11:52
the entire整个 drama戏剧 played发挥 out here on this space空间,
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在这里上演过各种各样的戏码
11:55
where the King国王 of England英国 had his head lopped除名 off,
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英国国王在这里被砍头
11:58
why we've我们已经 moved移动 from spaces空间 like this, thrones宝座 like that,
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为什么我们从这样的大厅,这样的王座上走出去
12:02
towards the town hall大厅, is we're moving移动 more and more
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走进了现在的市政厅,因为我们开始
12:06
towards the energies能量 of our people, and we need to tap龙头 that.
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越来越多地关注我们的人民的力量
12:10
That can mean different不同 things in different不同 countries国家.
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需要注意的是,这种改变对每个国家来说是不一样的
12:13
In Britain英国, it could mean looking to the French法国,
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就英国而言,这可以意味着
12:16
learning学习 from the French法国,
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向法国学习
12:18
getting得到 directly elected当选 mayors市长 in place地点
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学习法国公社体系里
12:21
in a French法国 commune公社 system系统.
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直接选举市长的模式
12:24
In Afghanistan阿富汗, it could have meant意味着 instead代替 of concentrating集中
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在阿富汗,这可以意味着不再将关注重心全放在
12:27
on the big presidential总统 and parliamentary议会 elections选举,
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大的总统选举和议会选举上
12:29
we should have doneDONE what was in the Afghan阿富汗 constitution宪法
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而是从最基本的开始
12:31
from the very beginning开始, which哪一个 is to get direct直接 local本地 elections选举 going
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从当地选民直接选举省长市长开始
12:36
at a district level水平 and elect people's人们 provincial省级 governors州长.
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一步步推行民主
12:42
But for any of these things to work,
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但是想要这些举措真正生效
12:44
the honesty诚实 in language语言, the local本地 democracy民主,
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诚实必须被放在第一位
12:47
it's not just a question of what politicians政治家 do.
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而这并不仅仅是政客的问题
12:50
It's a question of what the citizens公民 do.
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也是每个公民的问题
12:52
For politicians政治家 to be honest诚实, the public上市 needs需求 to allow允许 them to be honest诚实,
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要想政客们变得诚实,公众就应该给他们空间,允许他们变得诚实
12:57
and the media媒体, which哪一个 mediates中介 between之间 the politicians政治家
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而在政客和公众之间起协调作用的媒体
13:00
and the public上市, needs需求 to allow允许 those politicians政治家 to be honest诚实.
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也应该允许政客们变得诚实
13:04
If local本地 democracy民主 is to flourish繁荣, it is about the active活性
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只有每个公民都享有充分的知情权
13:08
and informed通知 engagement订婚 of every一切 citizen公民.
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并积极地参与到当地民主构建中,民主才能够繁荣发展
13:12
In other words, if democracy民主 is to be rebuilt重建,
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换句话说,如果我们想要重塑民主
13:16
is to become成为 again vigorous蓬勃 and vibrant充满活力,
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想让它变得再次充满活力
13:21
it is necessary必要 not just for the public上市
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不仅公众需要学会
13:24
to learn学习 to trust相信 their politicians政治家,
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怎样去相信他们的政客
13:27
but for the politicians政治家 to learn学习 to trust相信 the public上市.
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政客们也需要学会怎样去相信他们的民众
13:32
Thank you very much indeed确实. (Applause掌声)
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非常感谢!(掌声)
Translated by Candice Liu
Reviewed by Eric Cheng

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rory Stewart - Politician
Rory Stewart -- a perpetual pedestrian, a diplomat, an adventurer and an author -- is the member of British Parliament for Penrith and the Border.

Why you should listen

Now the member of British Parliament for Penrith and the Border, in rural northwest England, Rory Stewart has led a fascinatingly broad life of public service. He joined the Foreign Office after school, then left to begin a years-long series of walks across the Muslim world. In 2002, his extraordinary walk across post-9/11 Afghanistan resulted in his first book, The Places in Between. After the invasion of Iraq in 2003, he served as a Deputy Governorate Co-Ordinator in Southern Iraq for the coalition forces, and later founded a charity in Kabul. 

To secure his Conservative seat in Parliament, he went on a walking tour of Penrith, covering the entire county as he talked to voters. In 2008, Esquire called him one of the 75 most influential people of the 21st century.

He says: "The world isn't one way or another. Things can be changed very, very rapidly by someone with sufficient confidence, sufficient knowledge and sufficient authority." 

More profile about the speaker
Rory Stewart | Speaker | TED.com