ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Danny Hillis - Computer theorist
Inventor, scientist, author, engineer -- over his broad career, Danny Hillis has turned his ever-searching brain on an array of subjects, with surprising results.

Why you should listen

Danny Hillis is an inventor, scientist, author and engineer. While completing his doctorate at MIT, he pioneered the concept of parallel computers that is now the basis for graphics processors and cloud computing. He holds more than 300 US patents, covering parallel computers, disk arrays, forgery prevention methods, various electronic and mechanical devices, and the pinch-to-zoom display interface. He has recently been working on problems in medicine as well. He is also the designer of a 10,000-year mechanical clock, and he gave a TED Talk in 1994 that is practically prophetic. Throughout his career, Hillis has worked at places like Disney, and now MIT and Applied Invention, always looking for the next fascinating problem.

More profile about the speaker
Danny Hillis | Speaker | TED.com
TED2013

Danny Hillis: The Internet could crash. We need a Plan B

丹尼 希利斯: 互联网可能会崩溃。我们需要B计划。

Filmed:
1,375,608 views

在1970年代和1980年代,互联网充满了慷慨的精神,那时互联网用户数量少,而且相距遥远。但如今,网络无处不在,它将数以十亿的用户、机器和重要的基础设施紧紧的联结在一起。让让我们非常容易受到网络攻击或崩溃。互联网先锋丹尼 希利斯认为互联网不是为这样的规模设计的,为我们吹响了设计B计划的号角:一个在互联网失效或者崩溃时可以运作的并行系统。
- Computer theorist
Inventor, scientist, author, engineer -- over his broad career, Danny Hillis has turned his ever-searching brain on an array of subjects, with surprising results. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
So, this book that I have in my hand
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呃,我手里的这本书
00:19
is a directory目录 of everybody每个人 who had an email电子邮件 address地址
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是1982年所有拥有电邮地址的人的通讯录。
00:23
in 1982. (Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:27
Actually其实, it's deceptively迷惑 large.
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它看起来很大,其实不然。
00:30
There's actually其实 only about 20 people on each page,
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这本通讯录实际上每页只记录了大约20个人,
00:34
because we have the name名称, address地址
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因为我们每一个人都有自己的姓名,
00:36
and telephone电话 number of every一切 single person.
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地址和电话号码。
00:39
And, in fact事实, everybody's每个人的 listed上市 twice两次,
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同时,每个人的信息都出现了两次,
00:41
because it's sorted分类 once一旦 by name名称 and once一旦 by email电子邮件 address地址.
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因为有两种排序方式:根据名字和根据电子邮件地址。
00:45
Obviously明显 a very small community社区.
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当然这是个很小的社区。
00:48
There were only two other DannysDannys on the Internet互联网 then.
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当时,互联网上只有另外两个名字也叫丹尼的人。
00:52
I knew知道 them both.
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他们两个我都认识。
00:53
We didn't all know each other,
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虽然我们彼此之间并不全都认识,
00:55
but we all kind of trusted信任 each other,
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但是我们互相信任,
00:58
and that basic基本 feeling感觉 of trust相信
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这种基本的信任感
01:02
permeated渗透 the whole整个 network网络,
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充满了整个网络,
01:05
and there was a real真实 sense that
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并且大家可以感觉到
01:07
we could depend依靠 on each other to do things.
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我们能彼此信赖的去完成一些事情。
01:10
So just to give you an idea理念 of the level水平 of trust相信 in this community社区,
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因此,为了让你们能体会到当时该社区的那种信任程度,
01:13
let me tell you what it was like
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下面让我来告诉你在早期
01:15
to register寄存器 a domain name名称 in the early days.
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是如何注册域名的。
01:19
Now, it just so happened发生 that I got to register寄存器
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现在,假象我我刚注册了
01:22
the third第三 domain name名称 on the Internet互联网.
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我的第三个互联网域名。
01:24
So I could have anything I wanted
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于是我可以起任何我想要的名字作为域名,
01:26
other than bbnBBN.comCOM and symbolics符号处理.comCOM.
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除了"bbn.com"和"symbolics.com"之外。
01:30
So I picked采摘的 think.comCOM, but then I thought,
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于是我注册了"think.com",但是我又想,
01:34
you know, there's a lot of really interesting有趣 names out there.
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除此之外还有很多有趣的域名。
01:37
Maybe I should register寄存器 a few少数 extras演员 just in case案件.
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也许我应该多注册几个以备不时之需。
01:41
And then I thought, "Nah, that wouldn't不会 be very nice不错."
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我又想:“呐,这样不太好吧。”
01:44
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:50
That attitude态度 of only taking服用 what you need
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在那时,这种只取己需的态度
01:54
was really what everybody每个人 had on the network网络 in those days,
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在网络上几乎人人拥有,
01:58
and in fact事实, it wasn't just the people on the network网络,
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而且事实上,不仅仅是使用网络的人有这种态度
02:01
but it was actually其实 kind of built内置 into the protocols协议
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这种态度也植根于
02:04
of the Internet互联网 itself本身.
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互联网协议自身。
02:06
So the basic基本 idea理念 of I.P., or Internet互联网 protocol协议,
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所以,I.P.,或者互联网协议的基本思想,
02:09
and the way that the -- the routing路由 algorithm算法 that used it,
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以及路由算法用到的工作方式,
02:13
were fundamentally从根本上 "from each according根据 to their ability能力,
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从根本上来说是“各尽其能
02:17
to each according根据 to their need."
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各取所需。”
02:19
And so, if you had some extra额外 bandwidth带宽,
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因此,如果你有额外的带宽,
02:22
you'd deliver交付 a message信息 for someone有人.
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你代别人发送信息。
02:24
If they had some extra额外 bandwidth带宽, they would deliver交付 a message信息 for you.
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如果他们也有额外的带宽,他们也可以代你发送信息。
02:27
You'd kind of depend依靠 on people to do that,
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你将会逐渐依靠于他人才能来完成信息的交换,
02:29
and that was the building建造 block.
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而这就是构建的基石。
02:32
It was actually其实 interesting有趣 that such这样 a communist共产 principle原理
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有趣的是,虽然这样一个共产原则
02:34
was the basis基础 of a system系统 developed发达 during the Cold War战争
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居然是国防部在冷战期间开发的一个
02:37
by the Defense防御 Department,
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系统的核心,
02:39
but it obviously明显 worked工作 really well,
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而很明显它的效果非常好,
02:42
and we all saw what happened发生 with the Internet互联网.
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我们已经目睹了互联网发生的一切。
02:46
It was incredibly令人难以置信 successful成功.
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毋庸置疑,非常的成功。
02:48
In fact事实, it was so successful成功 that there's no way
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实际上,互联网如此成功,以至于如今你不可能
02:51
that these days you could make a book like this.
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出版这样一本通讯录了。
02:55
My rough calculation计算 is it would be about 25 miles英里 thick.
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我粗略计算,如果这本书出版出来将会有25英尺厚。
03:01
But, of course课程, you couldn't不能 do it,
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当然,你也做不不出来,
03:02
because we don't know the names of all the people
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因为我们不知道所有上网人的名字,
03:04
with Internet互联网 or email电子邮件 addresses地址,
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或者电子邮件地址,
03:07
and even if we did know their names,
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即使我们知道他们的名字,
03:08
I'm pretty漂亮 sure that they would not want their name名称,
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我确信他们也不愿意将他们的名字,
03:11
address地址 and telephone电话 number published发表 to everyone大家.
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地址和电话号码公诸于众。
03:15
So the fact事实 is that there's a lot of bad guys on the Internet互联网 these days,
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事实是当今在互联网上有很多坏人,
03:19
and so we dealt处理 with that by making制造
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我们的应对方法是建立一个
03:23
walled薄壁 communities社区,
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封闭的社区,
03:25
secure安全 subnetworks子网, VPNsVPN的,
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安全子网,虚拟私有网,
03:30
little things that aren't really the Internet互联网
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以及类似于因特网但又不是因特网的工具,
03:31
but are made制作 out of the same相同 building建造 blocks,
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虽然他们拥有相同的构建原理,
03:33
but we're still basically基本上 building建造 it out of those
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但是我们构建他们并不完全照搬因特网的构建基本原理,
03:36
same相同 building建造 blocks with those same相同 assumptions假设 of trust相信.
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而是基于与因特网一样,对信任的假设。
03:40
And that means手段 that it's vulnerable弱势
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这意味着这种网络易受到
03:43
to certain某些 kinds of mistakes错误 that can happen发生,
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某种可能发生的某种错误的干扰
03:45
or certain某些 kinds of deliberate商榷 attacks攻击,
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以及受某种蓄意的攻击,
03:47
but even the mistakes错误 can be bad.
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但是即使是错误,也会很麻烦。
03:50
So, for instance,
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例如,
03:53
in all of Asia亚洲 recently最近,
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最近在亚洲的所有地区,
03:55
it was impossible不可能 to get YouTubeYouTube的 for a little while
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有一小段时间不能访问YouTube
03:58
because Pakistan巴基斯坦 made制作 some mistakes错误
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是因为巴基斯坦在其内部网络审查YouTube的方法上
04:01
in how it was censoring终检 YouTubeYouTube的 in its internal内部 network网络.
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犯了一些错误。
04:04
They didn't intend打算 to screw up Asia亚洲, but they did
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他们无意于在亚洲墙掉Youtube,但由于的协议工作方式,
04:07
because of the way that the protocols协议 work.
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他们确实短时间内阻断了Youtube。
04:10
Another另一个 example that may可能 have affected受影响 many许多 of you in this audience听众 is,
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另一个可能会影响很多在座听众的例子是,
04:13
you may可能 remember记得 a couple一对 of years年份 ago,
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你可能还记得在数年前,
04:16
all the planes飞机 west西 of the Mississippi密西西比州 were grounded接地
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密西西比州西部的所有飞机停航了,
04:19
because a single routing路由 card in Salt Lake City
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是因为盐湖城的一个路由卡
04:22
had a bug窃听器 in it.
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出现了问题。
04:24
Now, you don't really think
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你当然不会认为
04:26
that our airplane飞机 system系统 depends依靠 on the Internet互联网,
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飞机系统依赖于因特网,
04:29
and in some sense it doesn't.
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在某种意义上它确实不依靠因特网。
04:30
I'll come back to that later后来.
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稍后我会再谈到这一点。
04:32
But the fact事实 is that people couldn't不能 take off
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事实是人们不能起飞,
04:34
because something was going wrong错误 on the Internet互联网,
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是因为互联网出了某种问题,
04:37
and the router路由器 card was down.
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路由卡宕机了。
04:39
And so, there are many许多 of those things that start开始 to happen发生.
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许多类似的事情在不断的发生。
04:43
Now, there was an interesting有趣 thing that happened发生 last April四月.
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去年四月发生了一件有趣的事情。
04:46
All of a sudden突然,
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突然,
04:48
a very large percentage百分比 of the traffic交通 on the whole整个 Internet互联网,
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整个互联网上相当大量的流量,
04:51
including包含 a lot of the traffic交通 between之间 U.S. military军事 installations安装,
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包括美国军方网络的很多流量,
04:55
started开始 getting得到 re-routed改道 through通过 China中国.
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开始通过中国改道发送。
04:58
So for a few少数 hours小时, it all passed通过 through通过 China中国.
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在数小时内,这些流量经由中国。
05:01
Now, China中国 Telecom电信 says it was just an honest诚实 mistake错误,
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中国电信声称这并非有意为之,
05:05
and it is actually其实 possible可能 that it was, the way things work,
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很可能确实如此,事实就是这样
05:09
but certainly当然 somebody could make
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但毫无疑问的是如果有人
05:11
a dishonest不诚实 mistake错误 of that sort分类 if they wanted to,
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蓄意这样做,那也很容易。
05:14
and it shows节目 you how vulnerable弱势 the system系统 is even to mistakes错误.
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这表明在面临错误时,系统是如何脆弱。
05:18
Imagine想像 how vulnerable弱势 the system系统 is to deliberate商榷 attacks攻击.
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顾设想面临蓄意攻击时,系统该是多么脆弱啊。
05:23
So if somebody really wanted to attack攻击 the United联合的 States状态
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现在,如果有人蓄意攻击美国
05:26
or Western西 civilization文明 these days,
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或者西方社会,
05:28
they're not going to do it with tanks坦克.
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他们不会采用坦克。
05:30
That will not succeed成功.
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当然这样做也不会成功。
05:33
What they'll他们会 probably大概 do is something
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他们可能采取的行动
05:35
very much like the attack攻击 that happened发生
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会非常类似于针对伊朗核设施
05:38
on the Iranian伊朗的 nuclear facility设施.
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发动的攻击。
05:41
Nobody没有人 has claimed声称 credit信用 for that.
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没有人会声称对此负责。
05:43
There was basically基本上 a factory of industrial产业 machines.
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基本上那只是一个制造工业机器的工厂。
05:46
It didn't think of itself本身 as being存在 on the Internet互联网.
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它自己不会认为自己在互联网上。
05:49
It thought of itself本身 as being存在 disconnected断开的 from the Internet互联网,
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它自己认为自己是与互联网隔离的,
05:52
but it was possible可能 for somebody to smuggle走私
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但是有可能有人
05:54
a USBUSB drive驾驶 in there, or something like that,
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偷偷带进了一个U盘或类似U盘的东西,
05:56
and software软件 got in there that causes原因 the centrifuges离心机,
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和软件潜入工厂,让工厂里的离心分离机
05:59
in that case案件, to actually其实 destroy破坏 themselves他们自己.
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自毁。
06:02
Now that same相同 kind of software软件 could destroy破坏 an oil refinery炼油厂
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由于当今有类似的软件可以摧毁一家炼油厂,
06:05
or a pharmaceutical制药 factory or a semiconductor半导体 plant.
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制药厂,或者半导体工厂。
06:10
And so there's a lot of -- I'm sure you've read a lot in papers文件,
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所以人们不免有许多--我相信你们在报纸上也看了很多,
06:13
about worries about cyberattacks网络攻击
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有关网络攻击
06:15
and defenses防御 against反对 those.
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和对网络攻击的防御的担忧.
06:18
But the fact事实 is, people are mostly大多 focused重点 on
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但事实上,人们主要着眼于
06:20
defending卫冕 the computers电脑 on the Internet互联网,
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联网电脑的保护,
06:22
and there's been surprisingly出奇 little attention注意
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反而极少关注
06:24
to defending卫冕 the Internet互联网 itself本身 as a communications通讯 medium.
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作为通讯介质的互联网本身的保护。
06:29
And I think we probably大概 do need to pay工资
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我认为我们需要更多的
06:30
some more attention注意 to that, because it's actually其实 kind of fragile脆弱.
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关注这一点,因为互联网是脆弱的。
06:34
So actually其实, in the early days,
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事实上,在早期,
06:37
back when it was the ARPANETARPANET,
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在阿帕网年代,
06:38
there were actually其实 times -- there was a particular特定 time it failed失败 completely全然
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事实上确实有发生过一次整个网络完全宕掉了一段时间的情况,
06:42
because one single message信息 processor处理器
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原因是某个单一信息处理器
06:45
actually其实 got a bug窃听器 in it.
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有问题。
06:48
And the way the Internet互联网 works作品 is
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互联网的工作方式是
06:50
the routers路由器 are basically基本上 exchanging交换 information信息
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路由器交换的讯息从根本上来说
06:53
about how they can get messages消息 to places地方,
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是关于它们如何将信息发送到指定的位置,
06:56
and this one processor处理器, because of a broken破碎 card,
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因为一张坏卡,这个处理器
07:00
decided决定 it could actually其实 get a message信息
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认为它实际上可以在负时间内
07:02
to some place地点 in negative time.
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将信息送到某地方。
07:05
So, in other words, it claimed声称 it could deliver交付 a message信息 before you sent发送 it.
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换句话说,它声称它可以在接收一条信息之前就发送。
07:09
So of course课程, the fastest最快的 way to get a message信息 anywhere随地
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因此,显然,最快的接收任何地方信息的方式就是
07:12
was to send发送 it to this guy,
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将信息发给这个处理器,
07:14
who would send发送 it back in time and get it there super early,
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他会及时地送回并且超早地送达,
07:17
so every一切 message信息 in the Internet互联网
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因此互联网上的每条信息
07:20
started开始 getting得到 switched交换的 through通过 this one node节点,
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开始通过这个节点交换,
07:23
and of course课程 that clogged堵塞 everything up.
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理所当然的会堵塞。
07:25
Everything started开始 breaking破坏.
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一切开始中断。
07:27
The interesting有趣 thing was, though虽然,
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尽管如此,有趣的是,
07:29
that the sysadmins系统管理员 were able能够 to fix固定 it,
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系统管理员可以解决这个问题,
07:31
but they had to basically基本上 turn every一切 single thing on the Internet互联网 off.
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但是基本上他们必须关掉所有的互联网。
07:36
Now, of course课程 you couldn't不能 do that today今天.
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当然现在不可能这样做。
07:37
I mean, everything off, it's like
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我的意思是,关掉一切,有点像
07:39
the service服务 call you get from the cable电缆 company公司,
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整个世界你只接得到
07:42
except for the whole整个 world世界.
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有线电视公司打给你的服务电话。
07:45
Now, in fact事实, they couldn't不能 do it for a lot of reasons原因 today今天.
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现在,事实上,由于一些原因,他们不能做到这一点。
07:47
One of the reasons原因 is a lot of their telephones电话
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其中一个原因是他们的电话
07:50
use IPIP protocol协议 and use things like SkypeSkype的 and so on
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采用IP协议,并且使用像Skype之类的
07:53
that go through通过 the Internet互联网 right now,
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通过互联网通讯的工具,
07:55
and so in fact事实 we're becoming变得 dependent依赖的 on it
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事实上,我们越来越依赖于它,
07:58
for more and more different不同 things,
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去做越来越多不同的事情,
08:00
like when you take off from LAXLAX,
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比如,当你当你从洛杉矶起飞,
08:03
you're really not thinking思维 you're using运用 the Internet互联网.
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你不会认为你在使用互联网。
08:05
When you pump gas加油站, you really don't think you're using运用 the Internet互联网.
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当你加气时,你也不会认为你在使用互联网。
08:09
What's happening事件 increasingly日益, though虽然, is these systems系统
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但是,渐渐发生的却是这些系统
08:11
are beginning开始 to use the Internet互联网.
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开始逐渐使用互联网。
08:13
Most of them aren't based基于 on the Internet互联网 yet然而,
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大部分还不是基于互联网,
08:16
but they're starting开始 to use the Internet互联网 for service服务 functions功能,
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但是他们开始使用互联网类提供服务功能,
08:19
for administrative行政的 functions功能,
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和行政功能,
08:21
and so if you take something like the cell细胞 phone电话 system系统,
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因此如果你需要类似于电话系统的东西,
08:24
which哪一个 is still relatively相对 independent独立 of the Internet互联网 for the most part部分,
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它现在大部分仍然相对的独立于互联网,
08:28
Internet互联网 pieces are beginning开始 to sneak潜行 into it
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互联网势力正在开始以一些控制和行政
08:31
in terms条款 of some of the control控制 and administrative行政的 functions功能,
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功能的方式侵入电话系统,
08:35
and it's so tempting诱人的 to use these same相同 building建造 blocks
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而且基于同样构建的网络手机系统显得是那么的诱人,
08:37
because they work so well, they're cheap低廉,
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因为他们运作良好,廉价,
08:39
they're repeated重复, and so on.
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他们可以重复,等等。
08:40
So all of our systems系统, more and more,
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因此我们的系统,越来越多地,
08:43
are starting开始 to use the same相同 technology技术
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开始使用相同的技术
08:45
and starting开始 to depend依靠 on this technology技术.
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并且开始依赖于这种技术。
08:47
And so even a modern现代 rocket火箭 ship these days
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因此即使是现代装备火箭的船舰
08:49
actually其实 uses使用 Internet互联网 protocol协议 to talk
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如今也事实上使用互联网协议
08:52
from one end结束 of the rocket火箭 ship to the other.
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与其他的舰船联系。
08:54
That's crazy. It was never designed设计 to do things like that.
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这太疯狂了。互联网最初的设计宗旨肯定不是这个。
08:57
So we've我们已经 built内置 this system系统
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所以我们建造了这个系统,
09:00
where we understand理解 all the parts部分 of it,
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我们虽然了解这个系统的所有部分,
09:03
but we're using运用 it in a very, very different不同 way than we expected预期 to use it,
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但是我们以一种不同于预期的非常不同的方式在使用它,
09:07
and it's gotten得到 a very, very different不同 scale规模
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而它的规模也与设计
09:10
than it was designed设计 for.
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大相径庭。
09:12
And in fact事实, nobody没有人 really exactly究竟 understands理解
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事实上,没有人真正完全了解
09:14
all the things it's being存在 used for right now.
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所有这些如今使用的东西。
09:17
It's turning车削 into one of these big emergent应急 systems系统
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它正在成为像财政系统这么大的一个应急系统,
09:19
like the financial金融 system系统, where we've我们已经 designed设计 all the parts部分
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在这个应急系统中我们已经设计好所有部分,
09:23
but nobody没有人 really exactly究竟 understands理解
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但没有人真正了解
09:25
how it operates操作 and all the little details细节 of it
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它的运作方式,它的所有细节,
09:28
and what kinds of emergent应急 behaviors行为 it can have.
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以及它能有怎样的应急行为。
09:31
And so if you hear an expert专家 talking about the Internet互联网
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所以,如果你听到一个专家谈论互联网,
09:34
and saying it can do this, or it does do this, or it will do that,
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提起它能做这个,它这样做或者它将会做什么,
09:37
you should treat对待 it with the same相同 skepticism怀疑论
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你应该持怀疑态度,
09:39
that you might威力 treat对待 the comments注释 of an economist经济学家 about the economy经济
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就像你怀疑一个经济学家对经济的评论
09:44
or a weatherman天气预报 about the weather天气, or something like that.
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怀疑一个气象员的天气播报,等类似的行为一样。
09:46
They have an informed通知 opinion意见,
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虽然这些专家们见多识广,
09:49
but it's changing改变 so quickly很快 that even the experts专家
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但是互联网发展得如此迅速,以至于专家们
09:51
don't know exactly究竟 what's going on.
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也不能确切地知道将会发生了什么事。
09:53
So if you see one of these maps地图 of the Internet互联网,
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所以如果你看到一些互联网宏图,
09:56
it's just somebody's某人的 guess猜测.
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它们只是某人的猜测而已。
09:58
Nobody没有人 really knows知道 what the Internet互联网 is right now
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没人真正知道互联网如今是什么,
10:00
because it's different不同 than it was an hour小时 ago.
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因为它每个小时都不一样,
10:02
It's constantly经常 changing改变. It's constantly经常 reconfiguring重新配置.
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它在不断的在变化,不断的在重新配置。
10:05
And the problem问题 with it is,
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而问题在于,
10:07
I think we are setting设置 ourselves我们自己 up for a kind of disaster灾害
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我认为,我们正在将我们自己置于类似于
10:10
like the disaster灾害 we had in the financial金融 system系统,
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金融风暴那样的灾难之上,
10:13
where we take a system系统 that's basically基本上 built内置 on trust相信,
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在金融系统中我们采用了一个基于信任建立的系统,
10:18
was basically基本上 built内置 for a smaller-scale规模较小 system系统,
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该系统只是一个小规模的系统,
10:21
and we've我们已经 kind of expanded扩大 it way beyond the limits范围
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我们已经扩展了该系统,且超出了
10:24
of how it was meant意味着 to operate操作.
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该系统运作的极限。
10:26
And so right now, I think it's literally按照字面 true真正
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因此,我认为,
10:29
that we don't know what the consequences后果
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我们不知道互联网
10:33
of an effective有效 denial-of-service拒绝服务 attack攻击
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收到一个有效的拒绝服务攻击的
10:35
on the Internet互联网 would be,
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后果将会如何,
10:37
and whatever随你 it would be is going to be worse更差 next下一个 year,
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而无论如何变化,它将会变得更糟,再过一年
10:39
and worse更差 next下一个 year, and so on.
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会更加糟糕,年复一年,越来越糟。
10:40
But so what we need is a plan计划 B.
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于是就是我们需要一个B计划。
10:43
There is no plan计划 B right now.
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但是目前没有B计划。
10:44
There's no clear明确 backup备用 system系统 that we've我们已经 very carefully小心 kept不停
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不存在一个我们谨慎的让它独立于互联网之外的
10:48
to be independent独立 of the Internet互联网,
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明确的备份系统,
10:50
made制作 out of completely全然 different不同 sets of building建造 blocks.
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该系统是由完全不同的构件所建立。
10:53
So what we need is something that doesn't necessarily一定
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因此我们需要的系统并不一定
10:56
have to have the performance性能 of the Internet互联网,
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必须有因特网的功能,
10:59
but the police警察 department has to be able能够
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但是,即使在没有互联网的情况下,
11:00
to call up the fire department even without the Internet互联网,
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警察部门必须能够呼叫消防部门,
11:03
or the hospitals医院 have to order订购 fuel汽油 oil.
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或者医院可以订购燃油。
11:05
This doesn't need to be a multi-billion-dollar数十亿美元 government政府 project项目.
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这不是那种花费数十亿美金的政府项目。
11:10
It's actually其实 relatively相对 simple简单 to do, technically技术上,
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从技术上讲,这个项目非常简单,
11:12
because it can use existing现有 fibers纤维 that are in the ground地面,
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因为他可以利用地下已有的无线基础架构-
11:16
existing现有 wireless无线 infrastructure基础设施.
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光纤。
11:18
It's basically基本上 a matter of deciding决定 to do it.
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这不过是个简单的决定。
11:21
But people won't惯于 decide决定 to do it
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但是直到人民意识到真正的需要,
11:23
until直到 they recognize认识 the need for it,
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才会决定去做,
11:26
and that's the problem问题 that we have right now.
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这就是现在的问题所在。
11:27
So there's been plenty丰富 of people,
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因此大量的人,
11:30
plenty丰富 of us have been quietly悄悄 arguing争论
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大量的专家们多年来一直在静静地争论
11:33
that we should have this independent独立 system系统 for years年份,
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我们应该有这么一套独立的系统,
11:36
but it's very hard to get people focused重点 on plan计划 B
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但很难让人们在互联网运行良好时,
11:39
when plan计划 A seems似乎 to be working加工 so well.
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去关注B计划。
11:43
So I think that, if people understand理解
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因此我认为,如果人们认识到
11:46
how much we're starting开始 to depend依靠 on the Internet互联网,
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我们逐渐有多么地依赖互联网,
11:49
and how vulnerable弱势 it is,
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互联网是多么的脆弱,
11:51
we could get focused重点 on
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我们能够着眼于
11:53
just wanting希望 this other system系统 to exist存在,
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希望这样的系统存在,
11:56
and I think if enough足够 people say, "Yeah, I would like to use it,
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并且我认为,如果足够多的人说:”是的,我想使用它,
11:59
I'd like to have such这样 a system系统," then it will get built内置.
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我愿意有这样一个系统”,它就会得以建立。
12:02
It's not that hard a problem问题.
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这不是一个难题,
12:04
It could definitely无疑 be doneDONE by people in this room房间.
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甚至可以由在座的某位完成。
12:07
And so I think that this is actually其实,
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因此我认为,实际上,
12:11
of all the problems问题 you're going to hear about at the conference会议,
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在会议上将会听到的所有问题,
12:15
this is probably大概 one of the very easiest最简单的 to fix固定.
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极有可能存在一种非常容易的解决方案。
12:17
So I'm happy快乐 to get a chance机会 to tell you about it.
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我很高兴有机会告诉你们这一点。
12:20
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢。
12:23
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Gang Hu
Reviewed by Gao Begon

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Danny Hillis - Computer theorist
Inventor, scientist, author, engineer -- over his broad career, Danny Hillis has turned his ever-searching brain on an array of subjects, with surprising results.

Why you should listen

Danny Hillis is an inventor, scientist, author and engineer. While completing his doctorate at MIT, he pioneered the concept of parallel computers that is now the basis for graphics processors and cloud computing. He holds more than 300 US patents, covering parallel computers, disk arrays, forgery prevention methods, various electronic and mechanical devices, and the pinch-to-zoom display interface. He has recently been working on problems in medicine as well. He is also the designer of a 10,000-year mechanical clock, and he gave a TED Talk in 1994 that is practically prophetic. Throughout his career, Hillis has worked at places like Disney, and now MIT and Applied Invention, always looking for the next fascinating problem.

More profile about the speaker
Danny Hillis | Speaker | TED.com