TEDGlobal 2013
Manal al-Sharif: A Saudi woman who dared to drive
马纳尔谢里夫(Manal al-Sharif): 一位敢去开车的沙特妇女
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
1,659,001 views
在沙特阿拉伯， 并没有那么一条成文法律不允许妇女开车。但这种行为却是被禁止的。两年前，马纳尔谢里夫决定身体力行去鼓励女性打破传统去开车，她把她自己开车的视频晒在YOUTUBE上。来听听她的故事里后来都发生了什么吧。
Manal al-Sharif - Women’s rights activist
Manal al-Sharif advocates for women’s right to drive, male guardianship annulment, and family protection in Saudi Arabia. Full bio
Manal al-Sharif advocates for women’s right to drive, male guardianship annulment, and family protection in Saudi Arabia. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Allow me to start this talk with a question to everyone.
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请允许我以一个问题开始
00:17
You know that all over the world,
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你清楚世界各地
00:20
people fight for their freedom,
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有人为了自由而奋斗
00:22
fight for their rights.
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有人为了权利而战
00:25
Some battle oppressive governments.
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有的人反抗压迫他们的政府
00:28
Others battle oppressive societies.
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有的人对抗强权的社会阶层
00:32
Which battle do you think is harder?
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你们觉得哪种挑战更难？
00:36
Allow me to try to answer this question
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请允许我在后面的几分钟里
00:39
in the few coming minutes.
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再来回答这个问题
00:42
Let me take you back two years ago in my life.
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跟随我回到两年前我的生活里
00:48
It was the bedtime of my son, Aboody.
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那是在我儿子阿布迪快要睡觉的时候
00:51
He was five at the time.
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那时候他只有5岁
00:53
After finishing his bedtime rituals,
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在完成了睡前祷告后
00:56
he looked at me and he asked a question:
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他看着我，问道：
01:00
"Mommy, are we bad people?"
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“妈妈，我们是不是坏人呀？”
01:03
I was shocked.
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我一下没了主意
01:06
"Why do you say such things, Aboody?"
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“阿布迪，你为什么要说这些呢？”
01:09
Earlier that day, I noticed some bruises
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那天早些时候，当他从学校回来时
01:11
on his face when he came from school.
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我发现他脸上有些瘀伤
01:14
He wouldn't tell me what happened.
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他不肯告诉我发生了什么
01:16
[But now] he was ready to tell.
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[但现在]他肯说了
01:20
"Two boys hit me today in school.
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“今天在学校里 两个男生揍了我
01:22
They told me, 'We saw your mom on Facebook.
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然后他们对我说：’我们在脸谱网上看到你妈妈了
01:26
You and your mom should be put in jail.'"
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你跟你妈妈都应该被送进监狱' "
01:31
I've never been afraid to tell Aboody anything.
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我从来都不害怕告诉阿布迪任何事情
01:34
I've been always a proud woman of my achievements.
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因为我的成就，我一直是一个自豪的母亲
01:38
But those questioning eyes of my son
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但当我儿子的眼中流露出质疑
01:41
were my moment of truth,
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当这一切袭来
01:43
when it all came together.
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我知道这是很关键的一刻
01:47
You see, I'm a Saudi woman who had been put in jail
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你要知道，在沙特女人是不允许开车的
01:52
for driving a car in a country
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我就是因为这个
01:54
where women are not supposed to drive cars.
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曾经进过监狱
01:59
Just for giving me his car keys,
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也就是因为把车钥匙给了我
02:01
my own brother was detained twice,
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我的亲哥哥被拘留了两次
02:05
and he was harassed to the point he had
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之后他不断被骚扰
02:07
to quit his job as a geologist,
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以至于不得不放弃他地理学家的工作
02:09
leave the country with his wife and two-year-old son.
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带着他的妻子和两岁大的儿子 逃离了这个国家
02:12
My father had to sit in a Friday sermon
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我父亲坐在一个周五的讲道里
02:14
listening to the imam condemning women drivers
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在无数信徒面前
02:18
and calling them prostitutes
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听阿訇训斥女司机
02:20
amongst tons of worshippers,
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辱骂她们是妓女
02:22
some of them our friends and family of my own father.
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那些信徒们有的是我们的朋友 有的是我父亲的亲人
02:26
I was faced with an organized defamation campaign
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我曾面对过一个有组织的诽谤组织
02:30
in the local media combined with false rumors
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利用当地媒体与不实的谣言
02:33
shared in family gatherings, in the streets
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在家庭聚会、在街头巷尾、
02:36
and in schools.
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在学校中讹传
02:38
It all hit me.
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这深深地伤害了我
02:41
It came into focus that those kids
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这件事的重点是
02:43
did not mean to be rude to my son.
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那些孩子并不是有意欺负我儿子的
02:45
They were just influenced by the adults around them.
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他们其实是被周围的成人带坏的
02:49
And it wasn't about me, and it wasn't a punishment
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这不仅仅是针对我的
02:53
for taking the wheel and driving a few miles.
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不是因为开车走了几公里所带来的惩罚
02:57
It was a punishment for daring to challenge
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它的本质是镇压那些
03:00
the society's rules.
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敢于质疑传统旧社会秩序的人
03:03
But my story goes beyond this moment of truth of mine.
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但我的故事并没有就此结束
03:08
Allow me to give you a briefing
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让我来简洁地
03:12
about my story.
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介绍一下我整个的故事吧
03:14
It was May, 2011,
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那是在2011年5月
03:16
and I was complaining to a work colleague
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我在跟我的同事抱怨：
03:18
about the harassments I had to face
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为什么找个交通工具回家
03:20
trying to find a ride back home,
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总会碰到骚扰
03:21
although I have a car and an international driver's license.
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尽管我有一辆车并且考取了国际驾照
03:25
As long as I've known, women in Saudi Arabia
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我早就知道 沙特阿拉伯的女性
03:27
have been always complaining about the ban,
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对于禁止驾车这条禁令一直很不满
03:29
but it's been 20 years since anyone
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但自上次有人试图打破这个禁令
03:32
tried to do anything about it,
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已经过了20年
03:34
a whole generation ago.
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那是一代人以前了
03:36
He broke the good/bad news in my face.
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他打断了我的犹豫
03:38
"But there is no law banning you from driving."
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“但是没有成文的法律规定你不能开车啊”
03:41
I looked it up, and he was right.
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我查了查 他是对的
03:44
There wasn't an actual law in Saudi Arabia.
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在沙特阿拉伯并没有这么一条法律
03:46
It was just a custom and traditions
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禁止妇女开车是一种习惯和传统
03:48
that are enshrined in rigid religious fatwas
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体现在有严格的宗教教令
03:52
and imposed on women.
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并强加在妇女身上
03:54
That realization ignited the idea of June 17,
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意识到这个之后 我们准备在6月17号做些举动
03:58
where we encouraged women to take the wheel
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我们鼓励妇女去接触车
04:00
and go drive.
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然后开车出去
04:03
It was a few weeks later, we started receiving all these
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仅仅几个礼拜之后 我们就开始收到这些
04:07
"Man wolves will rape you if you go and drive."
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“如果你们出去开车了 那些男人们会强奸你们的”
04:10
A courageous woman, her name is Najla Hariri,
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有一个勇敢的女性 她叫 纳迦拉 哈里里
04:12
she's a Saudi woman in the city of Jeddah,
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她是个来自 吉达市的沙特女性
04:15
she drove a car and she announced
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她去开了车并告诉了人们
04:17
but she didn't record a video.
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但是她并没有录像
04:18
We needed proof.
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我们要有身先士卒的证明
04:20
So I drove. I posted a video on YouTube.
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所以我行动了 往YOUTUBE上传了视频
04:23
And to my surprise,
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出乎我意料的是
04:25
it got hundreds of thousands of views the first day.
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第一天就有成千上万的点击
04:28
What happened next, of course?
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然后呢，意料之中的
04:30
I started receiving threats
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我开始收到各种恐吓
04:31
to be killed, raped, just to stop this campaign.
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他们以性命和强奸为要挟 来阻止这个运动
04:36
The Saudi authorities remained very quiet.
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沙特当局保持沉默
04:40
That really creeped us out.
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这出乎我们预料
04:42
I was in the campaign with other Saudi women
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我在这样一个团队里：
04:44
and even men activists.
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里面有其他沙特女性 ，甚至有男性支持者
04:46
We wanted to know how the authorities
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我们好奇 当局将对我们6月17号
04:48
would respond on the actual day, June 17,
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沙特女性集体出去开车
04:52
when women go out and drive.
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会有什么反应
04:54
So this time I asked my brother
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这一次我请我哥哥跟我一起开车
04:56
to come with me and drive by a police car.
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旁边有一辆警车
04:58
It went fast. We were arrested,
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它开的很快 我们被抓起来了
05:01
signed a pledge not to drive again, released.
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在签署了不再开车的保证书之后 我们被释放了
05:04
Arrested again, he was sent to detention for one day,
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第二次被抓 他被送去拘留了一天
05:08
and I was sent to jail.
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而我被送进了监狱
05:10
I wasn't sure why I was sent there,
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我不确定我为什么被关起来
05:11
because I didn't face any charges in the interrogation.
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因为在询问的时候我没有任何指控
05:15
But what I was sure of was my innocence.
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但我确定我是清白的
05:17
I didn't break a law, and I kept my abaya
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我确定我没有触犯法律 而且我始终戴着长袍
05:19
— it's a black cloak we wear in Saudi Arabia before we leave the house —
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— —那是条黑色袍子 我们在沙特阿拉伯出门前要戴着
05:23
and my fellow prisoners kept asking me to take it off,
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跟我一起被关押的囚犯们让我把黑袍拿下来
(他们觉得我暂时走不出监狱)
(他们觉得我暂时走不出监狱)
05:26
but I was so sure of my innocence, I kept saying,
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但我确认我是无罪的 所以我不停说
05:29
"No, I'm leaving today."
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“不行 我马上就要走了”
05:31
Outside the jail, the whole country went into a frenzy,
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监狱外面 整个国家一片混乱
05:35
some attacking me badly,
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有的人仍在诽谤中伤我
05:37
and others supportive and even collecting signatures
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也有些人支持我 甚至有人在联名请愿
05:41
in a petition to be sent to the king to release me.
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想把请愿书给国王 请求释放我
05:45
I was released after nine days.
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在9天后 我被释放了
05:47
June 17 comes.
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6月17号终于来了
05:49
The streets were packed with police cars
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街道上到处是警车
05:52
and religious police cars,
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和地方警察的车
05:54
but some hundred brave Saudi women
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但仍有上百位勇敢的沙特女性
05:56
broke the ban and drove that day.
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在那天打破了这个禁忌 出来开车
05:58
None were arrested. We broke the taboo.
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最终 没有一个人被抓起来——我们打破了这个禁忌
06:02
(Applause)
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(掌声)
06:12
So I think by now, everyone knows that we can't drive,
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我在想 现在人们都知道我们不能开车
06:15
or women are not allowed to drive, in Saudi Arabia,
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或者说，在沙特阿拉伯 妇女不允许开车
06:17
but maybe few know why.
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但很少有人知道其中的缘由
06:20
Allow me to help you answer this question.
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我来告诉你们吧
06:22
There was this official study
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根据官方研究
06:26
that was presented to the Shura Council --
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这个研究被提交给了协商议院——
06:28
it's the consultative council appointed
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这个理事评议会
06:30
by the king in Saudi Arabia —
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由沙特阿拉伯国王委任
06:32
and it was done by a local professor,
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一位当地教授做的这项研究
06:34
a university professor.
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一位大学教授
06:35
He claims it's done based on a UNESCO study.
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他说这个研究基于一项联合国教科文组织调查
06:40
And the study states,
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这个调查表明
06:43
the percentage of rape, adultery,
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在那些妇女开车的国家
06:46
illegitimate children, even drug abuse,
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强奸、通奸、私生子和滥用药品的比例
06:50
prostitution in countries where women drive
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要比那些
06:53
is higher than countries where women don't drive.
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妇女不开车的国家比例更高
06:56
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
06:58
I know, I was like this, I was shocked.
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对 我知道 我也这样被惊到了
06:59
I was like, "We are the last country in the world
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就像“我们沙特是地球上最后一个
07:02
where women don't drive."
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还不接受妇女开车的国家”
07:04
So if you look at the map of the world,
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如果你看下世界地图
07:06
that only leaves two countries:
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那就是:
07:08
Saudi Arabia, and the other society is the rest of the world.
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沙特和除了沙特的其他国家
07:13
We started a hashtag on Twitter mocking the study,
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我们在推特上嘲讽这项研究做了个话题
07:16
and it made headlines around the world.
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然后这就成了世界头条新闻
07:18
[BBC News: 'End of virginity' if women drive, Saudi cleric warns]
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[BBC新闻：沙特神职人员警告道，如果妇女开车
这将会是她们贞操的终结]
这将会是她们贞操的终结]
07:20
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
07:21
And only then we realized it's so empowering
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我们那时才明白讽刺压迫者
07:24
to mock your oppressor.
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可以给予自己如此强大的力量
07:25
It strips it away of its strongest weapon: fear.
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因为它除去了压迫者最强大的武器：恐惧
07:30
This system is based on ultra-conservative
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它建立在极保守的
07:33
traditions and customs
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传统及习俗
07:35
that deal with women as if they are inferior
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而妇女常常处于弱势
07:38
and they need a guardian to protect them,
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她们需要保护者来保护她们
07:41
so they need to take permission from this guardian,
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她们需要从保护者得到许可
07:43
whether verbal or written, all their lives.
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口头的或者是书面的 所有人都是这样
07:45
We are minors until the day we die.
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我们妇女直到死亡都是弱者
07:48
And it becomes worse when it's enshrined in religious fatwas
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当宗教教令建立在对伊斯兰教令
07:52
based on wrong interpretation of the sharia law,
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或者地方法令 错误的解释上时
07:54
or the religious laws.
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情况变得更糟了
07:57
What's worst, when they become codified
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当压迫者变成了
07:59
as laws in the system,
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法律教令的制定编纂者
08:01
and when women themselves believe in their inferiority,
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当妇女们认为她们本来就是卑贱的
08:05
and they even fight those who try
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当压迫者去打击那些试图反抗的人
08:07
to question these rules.
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这就是最糟糕的情况了
08:11
So for me, it wasn't only about these attacks I had to face.
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对我来说 我所面对不仅仅是针对我的攻击
08:15
It was about living two totally different
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这是两种完全不同的生活
08:18
perceptions of my personality, of my person --
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有关我个性 个人的理解
08:21
the villain back in my home country,
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在我的祖国家乡，我成了卑鄙的小人
08:23
and the hero outside.
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在外面 我又是英雄
08:25
Just to tell you, two stories happened in the last two years.
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就说说这两年发生的事情吧
08:29
One of them is when I was in jail.
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其中一个发生于我在监狱里
08:32
I'm pretty sure when I was in jail,
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我很确定 当我被关进监狱时
08:34
everyone saw titles in the international media
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所有人都从国际媒体上看到了报道
08:38
something like this during these nine days I was in jail.
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我在里面时 他们的报道是这样的
08:42
But in my home country, it was a totally different picture.
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但在我的祖国 完全就是另外一幅情形了
08:45
It was more like this:
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就像这样
08:47
"Manal al-Sharif faces charges of disturbing public order
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“马纳尔谢里夫面临扰乱社会秩序
08:50
and inciting women to drive."
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并教唆妇女开车的指控
08:54
I know.
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我知道(这很假)
08:57
"Manal al-Sharif withdraws from the campaign."
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“马纳尔谢里夫退出了运动”
08:59
Ah, it's okay. This is my favorite.
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哦这还好 下面这个很有意思
09:02
"Manal al-Sharif breaks down and confesses:
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“马纳尔谢里夫投降了并坦白
09:04
'Foreign forces incited me.'"
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有外国势力指使我”
09:06
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
09:08
And it goes on, even trial and flogging me in public.
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更进一步 甚至有人在公共场合审判并鞭打我
09:13
So it's a totally different picture.
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这完全就是另外一幅景象
09:17
I was asked last year to give a speech
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去年我曾被邀请在
09:19
at the Oslo Freedom Forum.
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奥斯陆自由论坛上做演讲
09:21
I was surrounded by this love
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我觉得我周围
09:24
and the support of people around me,
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都是来自人们的爱与支持
09:26
and they looked at me as an inspiration.
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他们觉得我可以激励他们
09:28
At the same time, I flew back to my home country,
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不久 我飞回祖国
09:31
they hated that speech so much.
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发现他们痛恨那次演讲
09:33
The way they called it: a betrayal to the Saudi country
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他们称之为 对沙特国家
09:35
and the Saudi people,
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及人民的背叛
09:37
and they even started a hashtag called #OsloTraitor on Twitter.
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甚至有人在推特上建了个“审判奥斯陆演讲”的话题
09:40
Some 10,000 tweets were written in that hashtag,
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在那个话题下有约一万条消息
09:44
while the opposite hashtag, #OsloHero,
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反观“奥斯陆英雄”这个话题
09:46
there was like a handful of tweets written.
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也有约120条消息
09:48
They even started a poll.
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人们甚至开始投票表决
09:50
More than 13,000 voters answered this poll:
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有约1万3千人参加了投票
09:53
whether they considered me a traitor or not after that speech.
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选我是个罪犯，还是个英雄
09:56
Ninety percent said yes, she's a traitor.
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百分之九十的人表示，她是个罪犯
09:59
So it's these two totally different perceptions
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这对我来说是两种
10:03
of my personality.
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完全不同的观点
10:05
For me, I'm a proud Saudi woman,
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我身为沙特女性而骄傲
10:07
and I do love my country,
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我也热爱我的国家
10:09
and because I love my country, I'm doing this.
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正因为我热爱我的国家 我从事这些
10:12
Because I believe a society will not be free
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因为我觉得如果这个社会中的女性不自由
10:14
if the women of that society are not free.
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这个社会也不会自由
10:17
(Applause)
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(掌声)
10:27
Thank you.
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谢谢
10:29
(Applause)
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(掌声)
10:32
Thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you.
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谢谢 谢谢
10:35
(Applause)
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(掌声)
10:47
Thank you.
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谢谢
10:51
But you learn lessons from these things that happen to you.
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但人们会从经历中学习
10:55
I learned to be always there.
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我也是这样
10:58
The first thing, I got out of jail,
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我从监狱出来的第一件事
11:00
of course after I took a shower, I went online,
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当然我先洗了个澡
11:03
I opened my Twitter account and my Facebook page,
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我上网打开推特账号和脸谱
11:06
and I've been always very respectful
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我对那些对我发表意见的人
11:09
to those people who are opining to me.
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总是很尊敬
11:10
I would listen to what they say,
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我总是听听他们的想法
11:12
and I would never defend myself with words only.
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我从不只用单薄的文字辩解
11:15
I would use actions. When they said I should withdraw from the campaign,
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我会采取行动 当他们都说我应该退出这项行动时
11:17
I filed the first lawsuit against the general directorate
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我对管理总局发了第一封投诉
11:20
of traffic police for not issuing me a driver's license.
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他们还没发我驾照呢
11:24
There are a lot of people also --
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也有些人们很支持我
11:26
very big support, like those 3,000 people
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譬如那3000个
11:29
who signed the petition to release me.
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联名请愿释放我的
11:31
We sent a petition to the Shura Council
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我们写了一封请愿书给协商议院
11:34
in favor of lifting the ban on Saudi women,
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想要为妇女开车解禁
11:38
and there were, like, 3,500 citizens who believed in that
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有大概3500位公民支持
11:41
and they signed that petition.
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在请愿书上签字
11:42
There were people like that, I just showed some examples,
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有一些这样的人，我只是举个例子
11:45
who are amazing, who are believing in women's rights in Saudi Arabia,
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他们令人吃惊 他们觉得沙特阿拉伯的女性应该拥有合法权利
11:48
and trying, and they are also facing a lot of hate
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有关由于公开讲话和表白他们的这一看法
11:51
because of speaking up and voicing their views.
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他们面对有些人的憎恨 他们仍为此努力
11:55
Saudi Arabia today is taking small steps
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沙特阿拉伯如今正在加强妇女权利的道路上
11:57
toward enhancing women's rights.
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一步一步地前进着
11:59
The Shura Council that's appointed by the king,
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由阿卜杜拉国王的皇家法令认可
12:02
by royal decree of King Abdullah,
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我们国家国王指定的协商议院
12:04
last year there were 30 women assigned to that Council,
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去年已经有了约30位议员
12:08
like 20 percent.
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大约是百分之20
12:10
20 percent of the Council. (Applause)
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她们占了协商议院百分之20的席位(掌声)
12:13
The same time, finally, that Council,
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同时 协商议院
12:15
after rejecting our petition four times for women driving,
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在先前驳回允许妇女驾车的请愿书4次后
12:18
they finally accepted it last February.
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去年2月他们最终接受了
12:21
(Applause)
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(掌声)
12:26
After being sent to jail
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曾经会被送入监狱
12:27
or sentenced lashing, or sent to a trial,
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被判决鞭刑 或者发往审判
12:30
the spokesperson of the traffic police said,
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交通部门的发言人后来说
12:32
we will only issue traffic violation for women drivers.
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我们如今只管违反交通法规的女驾驶员
12:37
The Grand Mufti, who is the head
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在沙特阿拉伯的宗教领袖
12:38
of the religious establishment in Saudi Arabia,
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大穆夫提 表示
12:41
he said, it's not recommended for women to drive.
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我们不建议妇女开车
12:45
It used to be haram, forbidden, by the previous Grand Mufti.
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而以前 根据大穆夫提 的意思 妇女驾车是被严格禁止的
12:50
So for me, it's not about only these small steps.
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我觉得 我们所做的不仅仅是这几个进步
12:55
It's about women themselves.
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这是关于所有女性自身的
12:57
A friend once asked me, she said,
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我的一个朋友曾经问我 她说
12:58
"So when do you think this women driving will happen?"
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“那你觉得我们女性什么时候才会普遍开起车来？”
13:01
I told her, "Only if women stop asking 'When?'
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我告诉她 “除非你停止问‘什么时候’这种问题
13:04
and take action to make it now."
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而立刻行动起来”
13:07
So it's not only about the system,
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我认为，这不仅关乎社会意识形态
13:08
it's also about us women to drive our own life, I'd say.
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这代表我们妇女能主宰自己的命运了
13:15
So I have no clue, really, how I became an activist.
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我不知道我是如何变成这样一个行动派的
13:21
And I don't know how I became one now.
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也不清楚我如何就成为我现在的样子
13:25
But all I know, and all I'm sure of, in the future
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但我知道 我也确信
13:28
when someone asks me my story,
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当以后有人让我讲起我的故事
13:31
I will say, "I'm proud
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我会说“能成为那些
13:33
to be amongst those women who lifted the ban,
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激起禁忌 与之战斗并最终赢得每个人的自由
13:36
fought the ban, and celebrated everyone's freedom."
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那广大妇女中的一员 我非常自豪”
13:40
So the question I started my talk with,
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回到最一开始我提出的问题
13:43
who do you think is more difficult to face,
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对抗政府或者挑战传统社会
13:47
oppressive governments or oppressive societies?
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你觉得哪个更难？
13:50
I hope you find clues to answer that from my speech.
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我希望从我的演讲里面你们能找到答案
13:52
Thank you, everyone.
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谢谢你们
13:54
(Applause)
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(掌声)
13:59
Thank you.
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谢谢
14:02
(Applause)
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(掌声)
14:07
Thank you. (Applause)
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谢谢(掌声)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Manal al-Sharif - Women’s rights activistManal al-Sharif advocates for women’s right to drive, male guardianship annulment, and family protection in Saudi Arabia.
Why you should listen
In May 2011, Manal al-Sharif filmed herself driving a car in Saudi Arabia, where women are prohibited from driving. She posted the video on YouTube, called on women to participate in a Women2Drive campaign on June 17 of that year, and attracted 12,000 fans to a Facebook page she’d collaborated on called Teach Me How to Drive So I Can Protect Myself. During a second turn at the wheel, she was arrested. Nine days -- and a groundswell of protest -- later she was released from jail.
Al-Sharif, an information technology consultant, remains active in the women right's movement. She has broadened her campaign to focus on guardianship annulment and family protection as well as driving rights, and has founded several groups throughout Saudi Arabia with the title "My rights, my dignity."
Manal al-Sharif | Speaker | TED.com