ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Xavier Vilalta - Architect and urbanist
Barcelona-based architect Xavier Vilalta works in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. He adopts and updates traditional design principles to construct modern buildings that truly suit their environment.

Why you should listen

Named young architect of the year at the Leaf Awards in 2008, Xavier Vilalta is the founder of XVA, a Barcelona-based design team operating in the fields of architecture, urbanism and research.

The TED Fellow and his team have worked on more than 60 projects, including homes, schools, cultural institutions and commercial buildings everywhere from Africa to the Middle East. Declaring that "we love nature and we care about people," the team's design philosophy is to connect the old and the new, co-opting and updating the best thinking of past traditions to create modern buildings that are both deeply respectful of the past and searingly contemporary.

Recent projects include the Lideta Mercato shopping mall in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and a concept for a series of urban gardens in Qatar.

More profile about the speaker
Xavier Vilalta | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2013

Xavier Vilalta: Architecture at home in its community

泽维尔·维那塔: 融入本地文化的建筑

Filmed:
1,048,889 views

当TED学者泽维尔·维那塔被派去为亚的斯亚贝巴设计一个多层购物中心时, 他感到惊慌失措. 周围的购物中心的设计的每个细节都让他无法忍受: 铺张的玻璃外墙需要耗费大量能源来控温, 正在非洲是绝对不应该的. 在本次吸引人的演讲中, 他向我们展示了他的团队的另一种方案: 顺应自然, 融合当地文化传统, 为当地的社区创造出一个美丽, 现代的标志性建筑.
- Architect and urbanist
Barcelona-based architect Xavier Vilalta works in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. He adopts and updates traditional design principles to construct modern buildings that truly suit their environment. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
My work focuses重点 on the connection连接 of
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作为一名建筑设计师,
00:15
both thinking思维 about our community社区 life
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我在设计建筑的时候会同时考虑,
00:18
being存在 part部分 of the environment环境
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建筑与周围的自然环境,,
00:20
where architecture建筑 grows成长 from the natural自然
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以及建筑与周围的人文环境,
00:22
local本地 conditions条件 and traditions传统.
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即传统文化之间的关系.
00:25
Today今天 I brought two recent最近 projects项目
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今天, 我将与大家分享两个
00:28
as an example of this.
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基于这种理念的案例.
00:30
Both projects项目 are in emerging新兴 countries国家,
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这两个案例都位于新兴国家,
00:32
one in Ethiopia埃塞俄比亚 and another另一个 one in Tunisia突尼斯.
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一个在埃塞俄比亚, 另一个在突尼斯.
00:35
And also they have in common共同
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这两个案例的共同点之一,
00:37
that the different不同 analyses分析 from different不同 perspectives观点
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在于设计方案的最终成型过程中, 从多个不同的角度
00:40
becomes an essential必要 part部分 of the final最后 piece of architecture建筑.
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对建筑的分析, 构成了设计方案重要的组成部分.
00:44
The first example started开始 with an invitation请帖
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第一个案例起源与我受到邀请
00:47
to design设计 a multistory多层 shopping购物 mall购物中心
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去为埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴
00:49
in Ethiopia's埃塞俄比亚 capital首都 city Addis亚的斯亚贝巴 Ababa贝巴.
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设计一个新的多层购物广场.
00:51
And this is the type类型 of building建造
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这就是当时我和我的团队
00:54
we were shown显示 as an example, to my team球队 and myself,
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获得的一个样例, 我们被要求
00:57
of what we had to design设计.
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设计成这种样子.
00:59
At first, the first thing I thought was,
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我刚开始看到这个的感觉是
01:01
I want to run away.
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我真不想干了.
01:03
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:05
After seeing眼看 a few少数 of these buildings房屋 --
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在观察了类似这种风格的建筑之后--
01:07
there are many许多 in the city --
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这个城市有很多这种风格的建筑--
01:09
we realized实现 that they have three very big points.
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我们发现了这些建筑最重要的三个问题.
01:12
First, these buildings房屋, they are almost几乎 empty
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首先, 这些建筑基本上都是空的,
01:14
because they have very large shops商店
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因为他们里面都是一些大的商铺,
01:16
where people cannot不能 afford给予 to buy购买 things.
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当地人是买不起那些大品牌的.
01:19
Second第二, they need tons of energy能源 to perform演出
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第二个问题, 它们需要大量的能源去调温度,
01:22
because of the skin皮肤 treatment治疗 with glass玻璃
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因为建筑外围铺的都是玻璃,
01:24
that creates创建 heat in the inside,
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这种设计将热量困在建筑内部,
01:26
and then you need a lot of cooling冷却.
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这导致我们需要很多制冷设备.
01:28
In a city where this shouldn't不能 happen发生
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这种情况不应该发生在这座城市,
01:30
because they have really mild温和 weather天气
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因为这座城市的气候是相当宜人的,
01:32
that ranges范围 from 20 to 25 degrees the whole整个 year.
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全年温度稳定在20~25度左右.
01:35
And third第三 is that their image图片 has nothing to do
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第三个问题就是这个建筑看起来跟非洲
01:39
with Africa非洲 and with Ethiopia埃塞俄比亚.
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或者埃塞俄比亚一点关系都没有.
01:41
It is a pity可怜 in a place地点 that has such这样 rich丰富 culture文化 and traditions传统.
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对于一个文化底蕴如此丰富的城市, 这太叫人失望了.
01:46
Also during our first visit访问 to Ethiopia埃塞俄比亚,
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同时, 在我第一次考察埃塞俄比亚的时候,
01:49
I was really captivated迷住 by the old merkatomerkato
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我被当地的集贸市场深深的迷住了.
01:51
that is this open-air露天 structure结构体
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每天, 成百上千的人
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where thousands数千 of people, they go and buy购买 things
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聚集在露天的建筑环境中, 从小商贩手里
01:55
every一切 day from small vendors供应商.
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买到各种想要的商品.
01:58
And also it has this idea理念 of the public上市 space空间
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这跟我的想法是一致的, 就是在室外
02:00
that uses使用 the outdoors在户外 to create创建 activity活动.
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公共场合创造各种活动的想法.
02:03
So I thought, this is what I really want to design设计,
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于是我想, 这才是我想要设计的,
02:07
not a shopping购物 mall购物中心.
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忘掉购物中心吧.
02:08
But the question was how we could do a multistory多层,
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但是问题是, 我们怎么才能在这样一个
02:12
contemporary现代的 building建造 with these principles原则.
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当代多层建筑中贯彻这些理念呢?
02:15
The next下一个 challenge挑战 was when we looked看着 at the site现场,
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第二个挑战就是当我们开始设计的时候,
02:17
that is, in a really growing生长 area of the city,
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这是一座快速发展的城市,
02:20
where most of these buildings房屋 that you see in the image图片,
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你们在照片上看到的很多建筑物, 在我们设计的时候
02:22
they were not there.
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根本不存在.
02:24
And it's also between之间 two parallel平行 streets街道
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而且这座建筑前后靠着的两条平行街道,
02:26
that don't have any connection连接 for hundreds数以百计 of meters.
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在前后几百米都没有小路可以连通.
02:29
So the first thing we did was to create创建 a connection连接
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于是我们首先要做的就是
02:32
between之间 these two streets街道,
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利用我们这座建筑物的
02:34
putting all the entrances入口 of the building建造.
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所有出入口, 将这两条路连起来.
02:36
And this extends扩展 with an inclined atrium中庭
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然后我们通过一个倾斜的中庭的设计,
02:39
that creates创建 an open-air露天 space空间 in the building建造
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创造了一个开放的建筑空间,
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that self-protects自我保护 itself本身 with its own拥有 shape形状
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而且这种设计能够通过自身的形状避免下面的行人
02:44
from the sun太阳 and the rain.
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受到日晒雨淋.
02:46
And around this void空虚
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围绕着这些空洞,
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we placed放置 this idea理念 of the market市场 with small shops商店,
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我们划分出很多的小商铺, 基于我们小集市的想法.
02:51
that change更改 in each floor地板 because of the shape形状 of the void空虚.
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每层的商铺的布局都是随着空洞的形状不同而不同.
02:54
I also thought, how to close the building建造?
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我思考的另一个问题是, 建筑物的外墙如何装饰?
02:57
And I really wanted to find a solution
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而且我真的希望能够找到一种装饰设计,
02:59
that would respond响应 to the local本地 climate气候 conditions条件.
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能够适合当地的气候条件.
03:02
And I started开始 thinking思维 about the textile纺织品
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我开始设想一种纹理结构,
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like a shell贝壳 made制作 of concrete具体
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用带有穿孔的水泥制成,
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with perforations穿孔 that would let the air空气 in,
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能够用一种受控的方式,
03:10
and also the light, but in a filtered过滤 way.
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让外界的光线和空气能够进入建筑物中.
03:12
And then the inspiration灵感 came来了 from these beautiful美丽
patterns模式 of the Ethiopian埃塞俄比亚 women's女士的 dresses礼服.
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我们从埃塞俄比亚妇女美丽的传统服装的图案上得到了灵感.
03:18
That they have fractal分形 geometry几何 properties性能
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这些图案中包含了一些几何形状的
03:20
and this helped帮助 me to shape形状 the whole整个 facade正面.
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纹理片段, 我将类似的问题铺满了整个外墙.
03:22
And we are building建造 that
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我们铺外墙使用的
03:24
with these small prefabricated预制 pieces
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是这些小的预制材料,
03:26
that are the windows视窗 that let the air空气 and the light
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这些窗户能够让空气和光线
03:30
in a controlled受控 way inside the building建造.
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按照我们控制的方式进入建筑物.
03:32
And this is complemented补充 by these small colored有色 glasses眼镜
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为了实现这点, 我们使用这些小的有色玻璃,
03:34
that use the light from the inside of the building建造
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利用建筑物内部的光源,
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to light up the building建造 at night.
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在夜间照亮整个建筑.
03:39
With these ideas思路 it was not easy简单 first to convince说服 the developers开发商
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但是我们的这些想法一开始并没有打动建造者,
03:44
because they were like,
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他们的反应类似于,
03:45
"This is not a shopping购物 mall购物中心. We didn't ask for that."
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"这根本不是商场. 这不是我们想要的."
03:47
But then we all realized实现 that this idea理念 of the market市场
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但是随后我们都认识到, 这种设计方案
03:53
happened发生 to be a lot more profitable有利可图 than the idea理念 of the shopping购物 mall购物中心
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比传统的购物商场的方案更加的能赚钱,
03:56
because basically基本上 they had more shops商店 to sell.
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因为这种设计方案能够出售的店铺数量更多.
03:59
And also that the idea理念 of the facade正面 was much, much cheaper便宜,
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而且这种外墙的设计, 降低了很多很多的成本,
04:03
not only because of the material材料 compared相比 with the glass玻璃,
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不仅仅是因为这种预制的材料比玻璃要便宜,
04:05
but also because we didn't need to have air空气 conditioning空调 anymore.
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还因为我们不再需要使用那么多的空调来控制温度了.
04:08
So we created创建 some budget预算 savings
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结果我们最终
04:10
that we used to implement实行 the project项目.
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还节约了一部分预算.
04:12
And the first implementation履行 was to think
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构造阶段的第一个问题就是思考
04:14
about how we could make the building建造 self-sufficient自给 in terms条款 of energy能源
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如何保证大厦能够在电力上自给自足,
04:17
in a city that has electricity电力 cuts削减 almost几乎 every一切 day.
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因为所在的城市几乎每天都要拉闸限电.
04:20
So we created创建 a huge巨大 asset财富 by placing配售 photovoltaics光伏 there on the roof屋顶.
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于是我们在屋顶铺上了很多的太阳能电池板.
04:24
And then under those panels面板
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接着我们想, 能不能在屋顶,
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we thought about the roof屋顶 like a new public上市 space空间 with gathering搜集 areas and bars酒吧
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在这些太阳能电池板下面, 放置一些桌椅用来休息,
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that would create创建 this urban城市的 oasis绿洲.
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让这里成为城市中的绿洲, 供人们小憩.
04:33
And these porches门廊 on the roof屋顶,
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屋顶上的这些游廊,
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all together一起 they collect搜集 the water to reuse重用 for sanitation卫生 on the inside.
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被集中利用来收集雨水, 用于建筑内部的清洁.
04:40
Hopefully希望 by the beginning开始 of next下一个 year, because we are already已经 on the fifth第五 floor地板 of the construction施工.
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我们现在已经盖到第五层, 预计在明年初的时候完工.
04:45
The second第二 example is a master plan计划
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第二个案例是为突尼斯城规划一个
04:48
of 2,000 apartments公寓 and facilities设备 in the city of Tunis突尼斯.
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超过2000套个公寓及附属设施的建筑.
04:51
And for doing such这样 a big project项目, the biggest最大 project项目 I've ever designed设计,
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做这么大规模的项目, 这是我做过的最大的项目,
04:55
I really needed需要 to understand理解 the city of Tunis突尼斯,
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我不仅需要非常深刻的理解突尼斯这个城市,
04:57
but also its surroundings环境 and the tradition传统 and culture文化.
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还需要理解与她相关的种种传统以及文化.
05:01
During that analysis分析 I paid支付 special特别 attention注意 to the medina麦地那
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在分析的过程中我的注意力被一个阿拉伯人聚居区吸引,
05:05
that is this 1,000-year-old-岁 structure结构体 that used to be closed关闭 by a wall,
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这是一个有着一千多年历史的结构, 砖墙结构,
05:09
opened打开 by twelve十二 different不同 gates, connected连接的 by almost几乎 straight直行 lines线.
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有12个门, 相互之间通过几乎是直线的道路相连.
05:13
When I went to the site现场, the first design设计 operation手术 we did
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当我开始在图纸上规划, 我们做的第一件事情
05:17
was to extend延伸 the existing现有 streets街道, creating创建 12 initial初始 blocks
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就是延长周边的街道, 将大区块分割12个基本的小区块
05:21
similar类似 in size尺寸 and characteristics特点 to the ones那些 we have in Barcelona巴塞罗那
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在大小和特征上都类似于我们在巴塞罗那
05:25
and other cities城市 in Europe欧洲 with these courtyards庭院.
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和其它欧洲城市常见的街区规划.
05:28
On top最佳 of that, we selected some strategic战略 points
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在这些街区规划的基础上, 借鉴刚才提到的想法,
05:30
reminded提醒 of this idea理念 of the gates and connecting them by straight直行 lines线,
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我们选择了一些关键点, 将这些关键点通过直线
05:34
and this modified改性 this initial初始 pattern模式.
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连接起来, 改变了一开始的模式.
05:36
And the last operation手术 was to think about the cell细胞,
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最后一步是考虑具体的区块内建筑的设计,
05:39
the small cell细胞 of the project项目, like the apartment公寓,
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这些类似公寓的小隔间,
05:41
as an essential必要 part部分 of the master plan计划.
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是构成这个巨大规划的基本组成部分.
05:43
And for that I thought, what would be the best最好 orientation方向
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这个时候我在想, 对于一个位于地中海气候的公寓,
05:46
in the Mediterranean地中海 climate气候 for an apartment公寓?
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什么样的朝向是最好的?
05:49
And it's north-south南北, because it creates创建 a thermal difference区别 between之间 both sides双方 of the house
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答案是南北朝向, 可以利用房子南北两侧的温度差异,
05:53
and then a natural自然 ventilation通风.
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创造了一个自然的穿堂风效果.
05:56
So we overlap交叠 a pattern模式 that makes品牌 sure that most of the apartments公寓
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于是我们实现了这种模式,让所有的公寓
06:00
are perfectly完美 oriented面向 in that direction方向.
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都拥有完美的朝向.
06:02
And this is the result结果
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这是我们设计的效果,
06:04
that is almost几乎 like a combination组合 of the European欧洲的 block and the Arab阿拉伯 city.
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像是一种结合, 阿拉伯城市风格与欧洲住宅风格的结合.
06:07
It has these blocks with courtyards庭院,
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有些建筑区块是带有走庭院的,
06:09
and then on the ground地面 floor地板
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而周围地面上的
06:10
you have all these connections连接 for the pedestrians行人.
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人行道能够完整的连接起来.
06:12
And also it responds响应 to the local本地 regulations法规 that establish建立
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同时她也满足的当地管理部门的需求,
06:15
a higher更高 density密度 on the upper levels水平 and a lower降低 density密度 on the ground地面 floor地板.
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上层建筑中的人口密度高, 地面人口密度不高.
06:19
And it also reinforces加强 this idea理念 of the gates.
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同时她也满足了我们对出入口之间连通性要求.
06:22
The volume has this connecting shape形状
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这个建筑群的相互连接的形状,
06:24
that shades色调 itself本身 with three different不同 types类型 of apartments公寓
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通过三个不同类型的公寓建筑, 起到遮阳的作用.
06:28
and also lets让我们 the light go on the ground地面 floor地板 in a very dense稠密 neighborhood邻里
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同时, 让阳光能够透过密集的建筑穿透到地表.
06:31
And in the courtyards庭院 there are the different不同 facilities设备,
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在这些中庭之间, 包含了许多不同的设施,
06:34
such这样 as a gym健身房 and a kindergarten幼儿园
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像是健身馆, 幼儿园等,
06:36
and close by, a series系列 of commercial广告 [spaces空间] that bring带来 activity活动 to the ground地面 floor地板.
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以及一系列商业设备, 让公共区域充满活力.
06:40
The roof屋顶, which哪一个 is my favorite喜爱 space空间 of the project项目
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屋顶是这个项目中我最得意的部分,
06:43
is almost几乎 like giving back to the community社区 the space空间 taken采取 by the construction施工.
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这就像是将被这些建筑物占用的空间重新还给了社区.
06:46
And it's where all the neighbors邻居, they can go up and socialize应酬,
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社区的人们可以爬上屋顶, 相互打打招呼聊聊天,
06:49
and do activities活动 such这样 as having a two-kilometer两公里 run in the morning早上,
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或者做一些运动, 像是在早晨的时候在屋顶上
06:52
jumping跳跃 from one building建造 to another另一个.
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跑个两公里, 或是在建筑之间来回跳跃.
06:56
These two examples例子,
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这两个案例
06:58
they have a common共同 approach途径 in the design设计 process处理.
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有一些共同点, 在设计过程中采用了同样的方法.
07:01
And also, they are in emerging新兴 countries国家 where you can see
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同样, 他们都位于新兴城市, 你能直观的看到
07:04
the cities城市 literally按照字面 growing生长.
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建筑物一个个拔地而起.
07:06
In these cities城市, the impact碰撞 of architecture建筑 in people's人们 lives生活 of today今天 and tomorrow明天
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在这些城市, 建筑对于人们的影响, 无论当下还是未来
07:11
changes变化 the local本地 communities社区 and economies经济 at the same相同 speed速度 as the buildings房屋 grow增长.
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对当地社区及经济的影响, 跟建筑物建造的速度一样快.
07:16
For this reason原因, I see even more importance重要性
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出于这个原因, 我觉得对于建筑设计而言,
07:19
to look at architecture建筑 finding发现 simple简单 but affordable实惠 solutions解决方案
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这个权衡越来越重要, 即, 寻找简单并且足够便宜的方案,
07:24
that enhance提高 the relationship关系 between之间 the community社区 and the environment环境
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能够增强和促进当地的人们与城市环境的关系,
07:28
and that aim目标 to connect nature性质 and people.
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并且能够让人很好的接近自然.
07:32
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢.
07:34
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Psycho Decoder
Reviewed by Lee Li

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Xavier Vilalta - Architect and urbanist
Barcelona-based architect Xavier Vilalta works in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. He adopts and updates traditional design principles to construct modern buildings that truly suit their environment.

Why you should listen

Named young architect of the year at the Leaf Awards in 2008, Xavier Vilalta is the founder of XVA, a Barcelona-based design team operating in the fields of architecture, urbanism and research.

The TED Fellow and his team have worked on more than 60 projects, including homes, schools, cultural institutions and commercial buildings everywhere from Africa to the Middle East. Declaring that "we love nature and we care about people," the team's design philosophy is to connect the old and the new, co-opting and updating the best thinking of past traditions to create modern buildings that are both deeply respectful of the past and searingly contemporary.

Recent projects include the Lideta Mercato shopping mall in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and a concept for a series of urban gardens in Qatar.

More profile about the speaker
Xavier Vilalta | Speaker | TED.com