ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Renata Salecl - Theorist
Sociologist and philosopher Renata Salecl scrutinizes our individual and societal neuroses, and suggests ways out of our current paralysis.

Why you should listen

Why are we the way we are, as individuals and as larger societies? In her relentless effort to answer this question, theorist Renata Salecl mines law, sociology, criminology, philosophy, and psychoanalysis to arrive at some unsettling conclusions.

Salecl—who researches and teaches at universities in her native Slovenia, in New York, and in London—argues that the modern, capitalism-driven imperative to become masters of our own lives leads to personal and social paralysis. We are obsessed with the impossible ideal of perfection and with others’ regard for us to a point that's politically de-mobilizing: obsessed with the idea of personal betterment, we ignore social change. Constant anxiety, kept alive in more-or-less conscious ways by the political system and by the media, further numbs our social criticism. Many people opt to tune out and live in denial. These themes form the core of Salecl's most recent books, The Tyranny of Choice and On Anxiety.

More profile about the speaker
Renata Salecl | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2013

Renata Salecl: Our unhealthy obsession with choice

蕾娜塔·莎莉塞: 我们对选择的痴迷

Filmed:
1,587,906 views

我们面对着一系列的选择,这些选择会让我们感到焦虑、愧疚,并会因不确定自己的选择是否正确而痛苦。然而,哲学家蕾娜塔·莎莉塞问道:“有没有可能,个人选择转移了我们的注意力,让我们忽视了更重要的东西——我们作为社会思想者的能力?” 她大胆地提议我们不要再过于看重个人选择,而要专注在集体选择之上。
- Theorist
Sociologist and philosopher Renata Salecl scrutinizes our individual and societal neuroses, and suggests ways out of our current paralysis. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When I was preparing准备 for this talk,
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我在准备这次演讲的时候
00:15
I went to search搜索 for a couple一对 of quotes报价
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搜索了几句名言
00:17
that I can share分享 with you.
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希望和大家分享
00:18
Good news新闻: I found发现 three
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好消息是:我找到了三句
00:21
that I particularly尤其 liked喜欢,
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我特别喜欢的句子
00:22
the first by Samuel塞缪尔 Johnson约翰逊, who said,
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第一句是 塞缪尔·约翰逊的:
00:26
"When making制造 your choice选择 in life,
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”当你在人生中抉择时
00:28
do not forget忘记 to live生活,"
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别忘了过生活“
00:31
the second第二 by Aeschylus埃斯库罗斯, who reminded提醒 us that
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第二句是 埃斯库罗斯的 他曾提醒我们:
00:35
"happiness幸福 is a choice选择 that requires要求 effort功夫,"
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“选择幸福你需要付出”
00:39
and the third第三 is one by Groucho格劳乔 Marx马克思
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第三句是 格劳乔·马克斯的
00:42
who said, "I wouldn't不会 want to choose选择 to belong属于
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他说:“我不愿意进入
00:45
to any club俱乐部 that would have me as a member会员."
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任何一个希望我成为其中一员的俱乐部”
00:51
Now, bad news新闻:
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现在 坏消息是
00:53
I didn't know which哪一个 one of these quotes报价
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我不知道该选这三句中的哪一句
00:55
to choose选择 and share分享 with you.
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来和大家分享
00:58
The sweet anxiety焦虑 of choice选择.
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心里有点甜美的选择焦虑
01:01
In today's今天的 times of post-industrial后工业 capitalism资本主义,
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在当今的后工业社会中
01:05
choice选择, together一起 with individual个人 freedom自由
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选择 个人自由
01:09
and the idea理念 of self-making自我决策,
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和自我造就
01:11
has been elevated提高的 to an ideal理想.
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都被提升到理想层面
01:15
Now, together一起 with this, we also have a belief信仰
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如今 与此一并 我们有了种信仰
01:19
in endless无穷 progress进展.
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相信进展会永无止境
01:22
But the underside下侧 of this ideology思想
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然而 这种意识形态的阴暗面
01:24
has been an increase增加 of anxiety焦虑,
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是愈来愈多的焦虑
01:28
feelings情怀 of guilt有罪,
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罪恶感
01:30
feelings情怀 of being存在 inadequate不足,
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对自身的不满
01:34
feeling感觉 that we are failing失败 in our choices选择.
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和愧于自己的选择
01:38
Sadly可悲的是, this ideology思想 of individual个人 choice选择
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悲哀的是 自由抉择的意识形态
01:42
has prevented防止 us from thinking思维 about social社会 changes变化.
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阻碍了我们对于社会改变的思考
01:48
It appears出现 that this ideology思想 was actually其实
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看来 这种意识形态实际上
01:51
very efficient高效 in pacifying安抚 us
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能非常有效地安抚我们
01:54
as political政治 and social社会 thinkers思想家.
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这些政治和社会思想者
01:56
Instead代替 of making制造 social社会 critiques批评,
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我们不再批判社会
01:59
we are more and more engaging in self-critique自我批判,
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反之 我们更着重于自我批判
02:02
sometimes有时 to the point of self-destruction自我毁灭.
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有时候还会达到自我毁灭的地步
02:07
Now, how come that ideology思想 of choice选择
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那么 为什么那种选择的意识形态
02:09
is still so powerful强大,
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仍旧如此强大
02:11
even among其中 people who have
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即便是对于那些
02:14
not many许多 things to choose选择 among其中?
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没有多少选择的人来说也是如此?
02:16
How come that even people who are poor较差的
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为何甚至连贫穷的人
02:20
very much still identify鉴定 with the idea理念 of choice选择,
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也仍旧能分辨抉择
02:24
the kind of rational合理的 idea理念 of choice选择
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作出我们所信奉的
02:26
which哪一个 we embrace拥抱?
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理性选择?
02:29
Now, the ideology思想 of choice选择 is very successful成功
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选择的意识有益于
02:33
in opening开盘 for us a space空间 to think
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为我们打开思维的空间
02:37
about some imagined想象 future未来.
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来想象未来
02:40
Let me give you an example.
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让我给大家举个例子
02:43
My friend朋友 Manya曼娅,
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我的朋友 马尼亚
02:44
when she was a student学生 at university大学 in California加州,
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当时是加利福尼亚大学的学生
02:47
was earning盈利 money
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同时为一个汽车营销商工作
02:49
by working加工 for a car汽车 dealer零售商.
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来赚钱
02:52
Now, Manya曼娅, when she encountered遇到
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当马尼亚 遇到一些
02:54
the typical典型 customer顾客, would debate辩论 with him
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典型的客户时 她便会和他们讨论
02:57
about his lifestyle生活方式,
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其生活方式
02:59
how much he wants to spend,
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其预算值
03:01
how many许多 children孩子 he has,
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有多少孩子
03:03
what does he need the car汽车 for?
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买车的目的等问题
03:05
They would usually平时 come to a good conclusion结论
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通常他们都会得出一个不错的结论
03:08
what would be a perfect完善 car汽车.
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决定好哪辆车最适合
03:11
Now, before Manya's马尼亚的 customer顾客 would go home
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不过 在马尼亚的客户回家
03:14
and think things through通过,
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考虑购买之前
03:17
she would say to him,
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她会跟客户说:
03:18
"The car汽车 that you are buying购买 now is perfect完善,
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你要买的这辆车对你来说简直完美
03:22
but in a few少数 year's年份 time,
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但几年之后
03:24
when your kids孩子 will be already已经 out of the house,
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当你的孩子离开家
03:27
when you will have a little bit more money,
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当你有稍多的储蓄
03:30
that other car汽车 will be ideal理想.
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另一台车就更适合了
03:33
But what you are buying购买 now is great."
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但是你现在来买这辆很不错
03:36
Now, the majority多数 of Manya's马尼亚的 customers顾客
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随后 大部分马尼亚的客户
03:39
who came来了 back the next下一个 day
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第二天回来
03:40
bought that other car汽车,
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都会买另外那辆车
03:43
the car汽车 they did not need,
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那辆他们不需要的
03:45
the car汽车 that cost成本 far too much money.
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而且花费太多的车
03:48
Now, Manya曼娅 became成为 so successful成功 in selling销售 cars汽车
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之后 由于马尼亚在汽车销售方面的成功
03:51
that soon不久 she moved移动 on to selling销售 airplanes飞机.
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她转行去卖飞机了
03:54
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:59
And knowing会心 so much about
the psychology心理学 of people
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她丰富的人类心理学知识
04:03
prepared准备 her well for her current当前 job工作,
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更让她很好地适应了现在的工作
04:04
which哪一个 is that of a psychoanalyst心理医生.
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她现在是一名心理分析学家
04:08
Now, why were Manya's马尼亚的 customers顾客 so irrational不合理的?
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为什么马尼亚的客户都如此不理性?
04:13
Manya's马尼亚的 success成功 was that she was able能够
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马尼亚 的成功在于她能
04:15
to open打开 in their heads an image图片
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釋放客户的想象
04:18
of an idealized理想化 future未来,
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去构想一个理想的未来
04:22
an image图片 of themselves他们自己
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想象一个客户们变得
04:24
when they are already已经 more successful成功, freer自由,
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更加成功 更加自由的未来
04:28
and for them, choosing选择 that other car汽车
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而对客户们来说 选择更贵的那辆车
04:30
was as if they are coming未来 closer接近 to this ideal理想
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似乎就让他们更接近自己的理想未来
04:33
in which哪一个 it was as if Manya曼娅 already已经 saw them.
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那个似乎已经被马尼亚看穿的未来
04:38
Now, we rarely很少 make really totally完全 rational合理的 choices选择.
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其实 我们很少作出完全理性的选择
04:42
Choices选择 are influenced影响 by our unconscious无意识,
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选择被我们的潜意识
04:46
by our community社区.
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被我们的社区所影响
04:48
We're often经常 choosing选择
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通常我们选择的方式
04:50
by guessing揣测, what would other people
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是猜测他人对
04:52
think about our choice选择?
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自己选择的看法
04:55
Also we are choosing选择
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同时 我们还会
04:56
by looking at what others其他 are choosing选择.
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观察其他人选择什么
04:59
We're also guessing揣测 what is
socially社交上 acceptable接受 choice选择.
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抑或考虑社会接受哪个选择
05:03
Now, because of this, we actually其实
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正因如此
05:06
even after we have already已经 chosen选择,
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即便我们已经选好了
05:08
like bought a car汽车,
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譬如说买哪辆车
05:10
endlessly不休 read reviews评论 about cars汽车,
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实际上还是会不断地查看汽车评论
05:13
as if we still want to convince说服 ourselves我们自己
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就好像我们在说服自己
05:16
that we made制作 the right choice选择.
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选对了的感觉
05:18
Now, choices选择 are anxiety-provoking焦虑发人深省.
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抉择会引起焦虑
05:21
They are linked关联 to risks风险, losses损失.
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并与风险 损失相关联
05:24
They are highly高度 unpredictable不可预料的.
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而且极为不可预测
05:27
Now, because of this,
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因此
05:29
people have now more and more problems问题
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人们现在有越来越多的问题
05:31
that they are not choosing选择 anything.
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以至于他们不敢作出任何选择
05:35
Not long ago, I was at a wedding婚礼 reception招待会,
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不久以前 我在一个婚礼接待上
05:39
and I met会见 a young年轻, beautiful美丽 woman女人
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遇到了一位年轻 漂亮的女士
05:41
who immediately立即 started开始 telling告诉
me about her anxiety焦虑 over choice选择.
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她迫不及待地开始跟我说她的选择焦虑症
05:46
She said to me, "I needed需要 one month
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她对我说:我用了整整一个月
05:48
to decide决定 which哪一个 dress连衣裙 to wear穿."
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来决定穿哪条裙子
05:51
Then she said, "For weeks I was researching研究
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然后她说:我还用了几个星期搜索
05:53
which哪一个 hotel旅馆 to stay for this one night.
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今晚该住哪间宾馆
05:56
And now, I need to choose选择 a sperm精子 donor捐赠者."
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现在 我要选个精子捐献者
06:01
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:04
I looked看着 at this woman女人 in shock休克.
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我惊讶地看着她
06:07
"Sperm精子 donor捐赠者? What's the rush?"
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“精子捐献者?那么急干什么?”
06:10
She said, "I'm turning车削 40 at the end结束 of this year,
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她说:今年年底我就要40岁了
06:14
and I've been so bad in choosing选择 men男人 in my life."
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而我完全不会选择人生伴侣
06:19
Now choice选择, because it's linked关联 to risk风险,
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由于选择与风险相关联
06:24
is anxiety-provoking焦虑发人深省,
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所以它还会带来焦虑
06:26
and it was already已经 the famous著名
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曾经 著名的
06:29
Danish丹麦 philosopher哲学家ren Kierkegaard克尔凯郭尔
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丹麦哲学家索伦·奥贝·基尔克果
06:31
who pointed out that anxiety焦虑
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指出焦虑
06:34
is linked关联 to the possibility可能性 of possibility可能性.
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与“可能性”的出现有关
06:37
Now, we think today今天 that we can prevent避免 these risks风险.
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现在我们认为自己能预防风险的发生
06:42
We have endless无穷 market市场 analysis分析,
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因为我们有无穷无尽的市场分析
06:45
projections预测 of the future未来 earnings收益.
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和未来收入推测
06:47
Even with market市场, which哪一个 is about chance机会,
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即使在市场这个充满可能性
06:50
randomness随机性, we think we can predict预测 rationally合理
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和随机性的地方里 我们仍旧认为自己能理性预测
06:54
where it's going.
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将会发生什么事
06:56
Now, chance机会 is actually其实 becoming变得 very traumatic创伤.
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现在 机会其实正变得十分让人痛苦
07:01
Last year, my friend朋友 Bernard伯纳德 Harcourt哈考特
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上一年 我的朋友伯纳德· 哈考特
07:04
at the University大学 of Chicago芝加哥 organized有组织的 an event事件,
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身处芝加哥大学 他组织了一场
07:08
a conference会议 on the idea理念 of chance机会.
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有关机会的会议
07:11
He and I were together一起 on the panel面板,
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我和他一起在讨论小组上
07:13
and just before delivering交付 our papers文件
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就在我们递交论文的前一刻——
07:16
we didn't know each other's其他 papers文件
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同时又不知道对方论文内容时——
07:18
we decided决定 to take chance机会 seriously认真地.
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我们决定严肃对待这个“机会”
07:21
So we informed通知 our audience听众
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所以我们就告知观众
07:23
that what they will just now hear
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接下来他们将听到的
07:25
will be a random随机 paper,
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会是乱序的论文
07:27
a mixture混合物 of the two papers文件
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两份论文会混在一起
07:29
which哪一个 we didn't know what each was writing写作.
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但我们(两位作者)仍不知道对方的论文内容
07:33
Now, we delivered交付 the conference会议 in such这样 a way.
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当天我们就真的如此进行那场会议
07:37
Bernard伯纳德 read his first paragraph,
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伯纳德读了他的第一段
07:39
I read my first paragraph,
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我接着读我的第一段
07:42
Bernard伯纳德 read his second第二 paragraph,
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伯纳德 读第二段
07:44
I read my second第二 paragraph,
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我接着读第二段
07:45
in this way towards the end结束 of our papers文件.
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就这样一直到论文结束
07:49
Now, you will be surprised诧异
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你可能会讶异
07:51
that a majority多数 of our audience听众
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因为当时大部分观众
07:53
did not think that what they'd他们会 just listened听了 to
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并不认为他们听到的
07:56
was a completely全然 random随机 paper.
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完全是乱序的文章
07:59
They couldn't不能 believe that
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他们不相信
08:01
speaking请讲 from the position位置 of authority权威
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像我们俩这样来自权威机构的
08:03
like two professors教授 we were,
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专业教授
08:05
we would take chance机会 seriously认真地.
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会严肃地对待这次“机会”
08:08
They thought we prepared准备 the papers文件 together一起
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他们认为我们一起准备了这些论文
08:11
and were just joking开玩笑 that it's random随机.
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只是开玩笑说这些语段是乱序的
08:14
Now, we live生活 in times with a lot of information信息,
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如今 我们生活在信息爆炸的时代
08:19
big data数据,
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大数据时代
08:20
a lot of knowledge知识 about the insides内部 of our bodies身体.
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有很多关于我们身体内部的科学知识
08:23
We decoded解码 our genome基因组.
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我们解码了自己的基因组
08:25
We know about our brains大脑 more than before.
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我们比以前更了解大脑
08:28
But surprisingly出奇, people are more and more
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但令人惊奇的是 人们却越来越
08:31
turning车削 a blind eye in front面前 of this knowledge知识.
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对这种知识视而不见
08:35
Ignorance无知 and denial否认 are on the rise上升.
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无知和否认不断增加
08:40
Now, in regard看待 to the current当前 economic经济 crisis危机,
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面对当前的经济危机
08:43
we think that we will just wake唤醒 up again
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我们以为只要能再次醒来
08:46
and everything will be the same相同 as before,
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一切都会如初
08:48
and no political政治 or social社会 changes变化 are needed需要.
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也就不需要政治 社会改革
08:51
In regard看待 to ecological生态 crisis危机,
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面对生态危机
08:54
we think nothing needs需求 to be doneDONE just now,
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我们也认为目前不需做任何事
08:57
or others其他 need to act法案 before us.
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或者其他人会更先采取行动
09:00
Or even when ecological生态 crisis危机 already已经 happens发生,
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甚至当生态危机已迫在眉睫
09:03
like a catastrophe灾难 in Fukushima福岛,
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就像福岛核泄漏事件
09:05
often经常 we have people living活的 in the same相同 environment环境
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对于生活在同一个环境里
09:08
with the same相同 amount of information信息,
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并收到相同信息的人之中
09:10
and half of them will be anxious about radiation辐射
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有一半人会担心辐射
09:14
and half of them will ignore忽视 it.
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而另一半会视而不见
09:17
Now, psychoanalysts心理医生 know very well
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心理分析学家很清楚地认识到
09:20
that people surprisingly出奇 don't have
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人们出奇地追崇之物
09:22
passion for knowledge知识
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并非知识
09:24
but passion for ignorance无知.
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而是无知
09:27
Now, what does that mean?
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什么意思呢?
09:29
Let's say when we are facing面对
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假设我们患有
09:30
a life-threatening危及生命 illness疾病,
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一种危及生命的疾病
09:33
a lot of people don't want to know that.
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很多人不愿意知道自己得病
09:36
They'd他们会 rather prefer比较喜欢 denying否认 the illness疾病,
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他们宁愿否认自己患病
09:40
which哪一个 is why it's not so wise明智的 to inform通知 them
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这也是为什么 病人不问
09:43
if they don't ask.
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我们就不说是明智之举
09:45
Surprisingly出奇, research研究 shows节目 that sometimes有时
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出奇的是 研究表明 有时候
09:47
people who deny拒绝 their illness疾病
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否认自身疾病的患者
09:49
live生活 longer than those who are rationally合理 choosing选择
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比理性接受最佳治疗的患者
09:53
the best最好 treatment治疗.
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要长寿
09:55
Now, this ignorance无知, however然而,
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可是 这种无知
09:58
is not very helpful有帮助 on the level水平 of the social社会.
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在社会水平却不是如此有助
10:02
When we are ignorant愚昧 about where we are heading标题,
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当我们不清楚前进的方向时
10:06
a lot of social社会 damage损伤 can be caused造成.
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就会带来一系列的社会损害
10:10
Now, on top最佳 of facing面对 ignorance无知,
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除了无知
10:12
we are also facing面对 today今天
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目前我们还面对
10:14
some kind of an obviousness显而易见.
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一种“显而易见”的意识形态
10:17
Now, it was French法国 philosopher哲学家
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法国哲学家
10:19
Louis路易 Althusser阿尔都塞 who pointed out
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路易·阿尔都塞曾指出
10:22
that ideology思想 functions功能 in such这样 a way
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意识形态能够
10:24
that it creates创建 a veil面纱 of obviousness显而易见.
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产生一种“显而易见”的面纱
10:28
Before we do any social社会 critique批判,
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在作出任何社会批判之前
10:32
it is necessary必要 really to lift电梯 that veil面纱 of obviousness显而易见
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我们必须揭开那层面纱
10:36
and to think through通过 a little bit differently不同.
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并从稍微不同的角度思考
10:39
If we go back to this ideology思想
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倘若我们回到这种意识形态上
10:41
of individual个人, rational合理的 choice选择
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这种我们经常追崇的
10:44
we often经常 embrace拥抱,
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个人的 理性的选择上
10:46
it's necessary必要 precisely恰恰 here
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就必定要在此
10:48
to lift电梯 this obviousness显而易见
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揭开“显见”
10:51
and to think a little bit differently不同.
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并改变思考角度
10:54
Now for me, a question often经常 is
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对我来说 我心里往往有一个问题
10:57
why we still embrace拥抱 this idea理念 of a self-made自制 man
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为什么我们仍旧推崇这种自我造就的思想
11:01
on which哪一个 capitalism资本主义 relied from its beginning开始?
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这种起源于资本主义的思想?
11:05
Why do we think that we are really such这样 masters主人
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为什么我们认为自己真的是
11:07
of our lives生活 that we can rationally合理
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自己人生的理性主宰者
11:10
make the best最好 ideal理想 choices选择,
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能够做出最理想的选择
11:13
that we don't accept接受 losses损失 and risks风险?
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而且不接受损失和风险?
11:16
And for me, it's very shocking触目惊心 to
see sometimes有时 very poor较差的 people,
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我很震惊 有时候看到一些很穷的人
11:19
for example, not supporting支持 the idea理念
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打个比方说 不认同
11:22
of the rich丰富 being存在 taxed征税 more.
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富有的人应该多缴税
11:25
Quite相当 often经常 here they still identify鉴定
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他们还经常性地
11:27
with a certain某些 kind of a lottery抽奖 mentality心理.
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带有中彩票的心态
11:30
Okay, maybe they don't think that they will make it
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好吧 他们或许会认为自己
11:33
in the future未来, but maybe they think,
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在未来不会成功 但也许他们会想
11:34
my son儿子 might威力 become成为 the next下一个 Bill法案 Gates盖茨.
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我的儿子可能会成为下一个比尔·盖茨啊
11:38
And who would want to tax one's那些 son儿子?
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谁会愿意自己的儿子被征税啊?
11:41
Or, a question for me is also,
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或者 我的另一个问题是
11:45
why would people who have no health健康 insurance保险
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为什么没有健康保险的人
11:47
not embrace拥抱 universal普遍 healthcare卫生保健?
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不追崇全民医疗保险?
11:50
Sometimes有时 they don't embrace拥抱 it,
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有时候他们不追崇这方案的原因
11:52
again identifying识别 with the idea理念 of choice选择,
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是鉴于对选择思考的不同
11:54
but they have nothing to choose选择 from.
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可是他们没得选了啊?
11:57
Now, Margaret玛格丽特 Thatcher撒切尔 famously著名 said
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玛格丽特·撒切尔的一句名言是
12:01
that there is nothing like a society社会.
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没有真正的“社会”
12:04
Society社会 doesn't exist存在, it is only individuals个人
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所谓的“社会”并不存在 有的只是个人
12:08
and their families家庭.
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和家庭
12:10
Sadly可悲的是, this ideology思想 still functions功能 very well,
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可悲的是 这种意识已经运作良好
12:15
which哪一个 is why people who are poor较差的 might威力 feel
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这就是为什么穷人会
12:17
ashamed羞愧 for their poverty贫穷.
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因为其贫穷而感到羞愧
12:19
We might威力 endlessly不休 feel guilty有罪 that we are
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我们会不断地内疚 认为自己
12:21
not making制造 the right choices选择,
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没有作出正确的选择
12:23
and that's why we didn't succeed成功.
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所以自己没有成功
12:26
We are anxious that we are not good enough足够.
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我们总担心自己不够好
12:29
That's why we work very hard,
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正因如此 我们十分卖力地工作
12:31
long hours小时 at the workplace职场
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把长时间花在工作地点
12:33
and equally一样 long hours小时 on remaking再造 ourselves我们自己.
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花在重塑自我之上
12:37
Now, when we are anxious over choices选择,
256
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当我们过于焦虑自身选择
12:39
sometimes有时 we easily容易 give our power功率 of choice选择 away.
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有时候我们很容易就丧失了选择权
12:44
We identify鉴定 with the guru领袖
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我们盲从着一些大师
12:46
who tells告诉 us what to do,
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让他们告诉自己该做什么
12:47
self-help自救 therapist治疗师,
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或需求自助治疗師
12:50
or we embrace拥抱 a totalitarian极权主义 leader领导
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或追逐一个
12:52
who appears出现 to have no doubts疑惑 about choices选择,
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看上去对抉择毫不迟疑的 全知的
12:55
who sort分类 of knows知道.
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极权主义领导者
12:57
Now, often经常 people ask me,
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人们总会问我:
13:00
"What did you learn学习 by studying研究 choice选择?"
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通过钻研抉择你选到了什么?
13:02
And there is an important重要 message信息 that I did learn学习.
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我学到了一条十分重要的信息
13:06
When thinking思维 about choices选择,
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当思考抉择时
13:08
I stopped停止 taking服用 choices选择 too seriously认真地, personally亲自.
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我个人不会对选择过于看重
13:13
First, I realized实现 a lot of choice选择 I make
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首先 我意识到自己很多决定
13:16
is not rational合理的.
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都并非理性
13:17
It's linked关联 to my unconscious无意识,
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我的决定和我的潜意识相连
13:19
my guesses猜测 of what others其他 are choosing选择,
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我会猜测他人的选择
13:21
or what is a socially社交上 embraced拥抱 choice选择.
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或者社会的选择
13:25
I also embrace拥抱 the idea理念
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我同时推崇
13:27
that we should go beyond
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我们应该越过
13:29
thinking思维 about individual个人 choices选择,
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对个人抉择本身的思考
13:31
that it's very important重要 to rethink反思 social社会 choices选择,
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而重新思考社会选择 这一点很重要
13:34
since以来 this ideology思想 of individual个人
choice选择 has pacified息怒 us.
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因为这种个人抉择的意识使我们释然
13:38
It really prevented防止 us to think about social社会 change更改.
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阻碍了我们去考虑社会变革
13:41
We spend so much time
choosing选择 things for ourselves我们自己
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我们花了太多时间为自我选择
13:45
and barely仅仅 reflect反映 on
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很少仔细考虑
13:47
communal公社 choices选择 we can make.
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我们能作出的公共选择
13:49
Now, we should not forget忘记 that choice选择
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我们不应该忘记选择
13:51
is always linked关联 to change更改.
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总是与改变相关联的
13:53
We can make individual个人 changes变化,
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我们能作出个人改变
13:55
but we can make social社会 changes变化.
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但更能带来社会变革
13:57
We can choose选择 to have more wolves.
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我们可以选择有更多的狼
14:01
We can choose选择 to change更改 our environment环境
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我们可以选择改变我们的环境
14:04
to have more bees蜜蜂.
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有更多的蜜蜂
14:06
We can choose选择 to have different不同 rating评分 agencies机构.
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我们可以选择不一样的评级机构
14:11
We can choose选择 to control控制 corporations公司
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我们可以选择控制企业
14:13
instead代替 of allowing允许 corporations公司 to control控制 us.
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而不是让企业控制我们
14:17
We have a possibility可能性 to make changes变化.
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我们有这么一个机会去改变
14:20
Now, I started开始 with a quote引用 from Samuel塞缪尔 Johnson约翰逊,
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一开始 我引用了塞缪尔·约翰逊的话
14:24
who said that when we make choice选择 in life,
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他说 当我们在人生中抉择时
14:26
we shouldn't不能 forget忘记 to live生活.
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不应该忘了要生活
14:29
Finally最后, you can see
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最终 你可以看到
14:31
I did have a choice选择
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我做出了决定
14:33
to choose选择 one of the three quotes报价
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选了演讲开始时
14:34
with which哪一个 I wanted to start开始 my lecture演讲.
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三句名言中的一句
14:38
I did have a choice选择,
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我做出了自己的选择
14:40
such这样 as nations国家, as people,
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而作为国家 作为人民
14:42
we have choices选择 too to rethink反思
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我们也有自己的选择 来重新思考
14:44
in what kind of society社会 we want to live生活 in the future未来.
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在未来 我们想在怎么样的一个社会中生活
14:48
Thank you.
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谢谢
14:50
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Carlyle Shaw
Reviewed by Justine Bai

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Renata Salecl - Theorist
Sociologist and philosopher Renata Salecl scrutinizes our individual and societal neuroses, and suggests ways out of our current paralysis.

Why you should listen

Why are we the way we are, as individuals and as larger societies? In her relentless effort to answer this question, theorist Renata Salecl mines law, sociology, criminology, philosophy, and psychoanalysis to arrive at some unsettling conclusions.

Salecl—who researches and teaches at universities in her native Slovenia, in New York, and in London—argues that the modern, capitalism-driven imperative to become masters of our own lives leads to personal and social paralysis. We are obsessed with the impossible ideal of perfection and with others’ regard for us to a point that's politically de-mobilizing: obsessed with the idea of personal betterment, we ignore social change. Constant anxiety, kept alive in more-or-less conscious ways by the political system and by the media, further numbs our social criticism. Many people opt to tune out and live in denial. These themes form the core of Salecl's most recent books, The Tyranny of Choice and On Anxiety.

More profile about the speaker
Renata Salecl | Speaker | TED.com