TEDGlobal 2014
Dilip Ratha: The hidden force in global economics: sending money home
德里普•拉舍: 全球经济的隐形推动力：寄钱回家
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
1,411,836 views
2013年，全世界的移民总计将4130亿美元寄回给家人和朋友，比全球经济外援的总和（1350亿美元）的三倍还多。这笔钱叫做移民汇款，不仅能显著改善收到钱的那些人的生活，而且对很多国家的经济带来重要影响。经济学家德里普•拉舍为我们描述这些“被爱包裹的美金”并分析为什么它们受到现实和条规的阻碍。
Dilip Ratha - Remittances expert
Economist Dilip Ratha was the first to analyze the global significance of remittances -- money sent from foreign workers to their families back home. Full bio
Economist Dilip Ratha was the first to analyze the global significance of remittances -- money sent from foreign workers to their families back home. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I live in Washington, D.C.,
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我住在华盛顿特区
00:17
but I grew up in Sindhekela, a village in Orissa,
in India.
in India.
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但我是在新河克拉，
印度奥里萨邦的一个小村庄长大。
印度奥里萨邦的一个小村庄长大。
00:24
My father was a government worker.
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我父亲是个政府雇员，
00:28
My mother could not read or write, but she
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我母亲不会读书写字，
00:32
would say to me, "A king is
worshipped only in his
worshipped only in his
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但她跟我说：“国王只有
在自己的王国里才被膜拜，
在自己的王国里才被膜拜，
00:38
own kingdom. A poet is respected everywhere."
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而诗人走到哪儿都受到尊敬。”
00:44
So I wanted to be a poet when I grew up.
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所以我就想长大后成为一名诗人。
00:47
But I almost didn't go to college
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但是我差点没上成大学，
00:52
until an aunt offered financial help.
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直到一位姨妈出钱帮我。
00:56
I went to study in Sambalpur,
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我去了萨姆巴尔普尔，
00:58
the largest town in the region,
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当地最大的城镇读书。
在那儿上大学的时候，
01:02
where, already in college, I saw a
television for the first time.
television for the first time.
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我才第一次看到电视。
那时我梦想去美国接受高等教育。
01:09
I had dreams of going to the United States
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01:12
for higher studies.
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01:14
When the opportunity came,
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后来机会来了，
01:16
I crossed two oceans, with borrowed money
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我借钱买了机票，横跨两个大洋，
01:19
for airfare and only a $20 bill in my pocket.
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兜里装了二十元美金就来了。
01:25
In the U.S., I worked in a research center,
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在美国，我一边在一家研究中心兼职，
01:30
part-time, while taking graduate classes in economics.
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一边上经济学的研究生课程。
01:34
And with the little I earned, I would
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虽然挣得不多，
我还是一边供自己上学，
01:40
finance myself and then I would send
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一边寄钱回家给我父亲和我兄弟。
01:42
money home to my brother and my father.
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01:46
My story is not unique.
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我这样的绝不是唯一的。
01:50
There are millions of people who migrate each year.
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每年有成百上千万的人移民。
01:54
With the help of the family, they cross oceans,
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通过家人的帮助，他们跨越大洋，
01:58
they cross deserts, they cross
rivers, they cross mountains.
rivers, they cross mountains.
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沙漠，河流，或者山脉。
02:05
They risk their lives to realize a dream,
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他们冒着生命危险去实现一个梦想。
02:09
and that dream is as simple as having a
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他们的梦想很简单，就是
02:12
decent job somewhere so they can send money home
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能有一份不错的工作，
让他们能寄钱回家，
让他们能寄钱回家，
02:15
and help the family,
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帮助他们的家人，
02:17
which has helped them before.
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那些曾帮助过他们的人。
02:21
There are 232 million international
migrants in the world.
migrants in the world.
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世界上有两亿三千二百万国际移民。
02:27
These are people who live in a country
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他们生活在一个
02:28
other than their country of birth.
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不同于他们出生地的国度。
02:31
If there was a country made up of
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如果有一个国家
02:32
only international migrants,
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全部由国际移民组成，
02:34
that would be larger, in population,
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它的人口将超过巴西，
02:36
than Brazil.
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02:37
That would be larger, in its size
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它的经济实力将超过法国。
02:39
of the economy, than France.
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02:43
Some 180 million of them, from poor countries,
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其中一亿八千万的移民来自贫穷的国家，
02:47
send money home regularly.
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他们按时寄钱回家。
02:50
Those sums of money are called remittances.
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这些钱叫做移民汇款。
02:55
Here is a fact that might surprise you:
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这样一个事实可能会让你大吃一惊：
02:59
413 billion dollars, 413 billion dollars
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4310亿美元，
03:04
was the amount of remittances sent last year
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去年一共有4310亿美元
03:07
by migrants to developing countries.
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由移民们寄到发展中国家。
03:10
Migrants from developing countries,
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来自发展中国家的移民，
03:11
money sent to developing countries —
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寄到发展中国家的钱，
03:13
413 billion dollars.
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4310亿美元。
03:16
That's a remarkable number because
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这个数字相当惊人，
03:18
that is three times the size of
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它等于所有发展资助资金总和的三倍。
03:19
the total of development aid money.
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03:23
And yet, you and I,
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但是，你，我，
03:27
my colleagues in Washington,
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我在华盛顿的同事们，
03:28
we endlessly debate and
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我们不停地争辩，
03:30
discuss about development aid,
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讨论发展资助，
03:33
while we ignore remittances as small change.
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却把移民汇款当作小钱忽略了。
03:37
True, people send 200 dollars per month,
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确实，人们平均每月寄两百美元。
03:40
on average. But, repeated month after month,
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但是，月复一月，
03:44
by millions of people,
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成百上千万的人在寄，
03:46
these sums of money add up to rivers
of foreign currency.
of foreign currency.
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这些钱汇聚成一条条外币形成的河流。
03:50
So India, last year, received 72
billion dollars, larger than
billion dollars, larger than
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印度去年收到了720亿美元，
03:55
its IT exports.
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超过它的IT出口额。
03:58
In Egypt remittances are three times
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埃及收到的移民汇款达到
04:01
the size of revenues from the Suez Canal.
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苏伊士运河上贸易额的三倍。
04:04
In Tajikistan, remittances are 42 percent of GDP.
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塔吉克斯坦，
移民汇款占GDP的42%。
移民汇款占GDP的42%。
04:08
And in poorer countries, smaller
countries, fragile countries,
countries, fragile countries,
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在更穷，更小，或者正发生冲突的国家，
04:11
conflict-afflicted countries, remittances are a lifeline,
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移民汇款就如同救命稻草，
04:16
as in Somalia or in Haiti.
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比如说在索马里或海蒂。
04:20
No wonder these flows have huge
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难怪这些资金流
04:22
impacts on economies and on poor people.
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会对经济和贫困人口带来巨大的影响。
04:26
Remittances, unlike private investment money,
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不同于私人资助基金，
04:30
they don't flow back at the first
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移民汇款不会
04:33
sign of trouble in the country.
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在国家一出现问题的时候就回流。
04:35
They actually act like an insurance.
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它们更像保险金。
04:38
When the family is in trouble,
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当家人遇到麻烦，
04:40
facing hardship, facing hard times,
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碰到问题，遇到困难的时候，
04:43
remittances increase, they act like an insurance.
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它会增加，就像保险金一样，
04:45
Migrants send more money then.
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移民们会寄更多的钱回去。
04:48
Unlike development aid money,
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它们也不像发展资助基金，
04:49
that must go through official agencies,
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那些必须经过正式的机构，
04:52
through governments, remittances
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通过政府。
而移民汇款直接到达穷人手中，
04:55
directly reach the poor,
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04:56
reach the family,
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到达家人手中，
04:58
and often with business advice.
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通常还附带着商业建议。
05:00
So in Nepal, the share of poor
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在尼泊尔，
05:04
people was 42 percent in 1995,
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1995年时穷人占人口总数的42%。
05:06
the share of poor people in the population.
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05:09
By 2005, a decade later, at a
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十年之后，2005年时，
05:12
time of political crisis, economic crisis,
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当时尼泊尔正遇上政治危机，经济危机，
05:15
the share of poor people went down to 31 percent.
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可是穷人的比例却降到了31%。
05:19
That decline in poverty, most of it,
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贫困人口的减少，大部分，
05:23
about half of it, is believed to be
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大约一半，是依靠
05:25
because of remittances from India,
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从印度，另一个穷国，
05:27
another poor country.
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寄来的移民汇款 。
在萨尔瓦多，
05:29
In El Salvador, the school dropout
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儿童辍学率
05:34
rate among children is lower
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在接受移民汇款的家庭中就比较低。
05:37
in families that receive remittances.
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05:39
In Mexico and Sri Lanka,
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在墨西哥和斯里兰卡
05:41
the birth weight of children is higher
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儿童的出生体重
在接受移民汇款的家庭中较高。
05:45
among families that receive remittances.
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05:50
Remittances are dollars wrapped with care.
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移民汇款是被爱包裹的钱财。
05:54
Migrants send money home for food,
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移民们寄钱回去买食物，
05:57
for buying necessities, for building houses,
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买必需品，建房子，
05:59
for funding education, for funding
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用于教育，老年人的医疗，
06:01
healthcare for the elderly, for business
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还有家人和朋友的商业投资。
06:04
investments for friends and family.
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06:06
Migrants send even more money home
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遇到特殊情况，
移民们还会寄更多的钱，
移民们还会寄更多的钱，
06:09
for special occasions like a surgery
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比如手术或婚礼。
06:12
or a wedding. And migrants also send
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也许更多的时候，
06:15
money, perhaps far too many times,
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遇上突如其来的葬礼，
他们因为无法参加而寄钱回去。
06:18
for unexpected funerals that
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06:21
they cannot attend.
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06:25
Much as these flows do all that good,
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虽然这些资金流动有这么多好处，
06:27
there are barriers to these
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它们的流动却受到很多阻碍，
06:29
flows of remittances, these
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06:30
400 billion dollars of remittances.
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阻碍这四千亿美元的流动。
06:33
Foremost among them is
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最大的障碍是
06:35
the exorbitant cost of sending money home.
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寄钱回家的高额费用。
06:39
Money transfer companies structure
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现金传递公司收费的方式
06:41
their fees to milk the poor.
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就是在压榨穷人。
06:45
They will say, "Up to 500 dollars
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他们会说，五百美元以下，
06:48
if you want to send, we will charge you
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我们固定收取30元的手续费。
06:50
30 dollars fixed."
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06:52
If you are poor and if you have
only 200 dollars to send,
only 200 dollars to send,
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如果你很穷，只能寄两百块钱，
06:55
you have to pay that $30 fee.
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你也得交30元的手续费。
06:58
The global average cost of sending
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寄钱的全球平均花费是8%。
07:00
money is eight percent.
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07:03
That means you send 100 dollars,
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也就是说你寄100块钱，
07:04
the family on the other side receives only
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到了另一边你的家人只能收到
07:06
92 dollars.
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92块。
07:08
To send money to Africa,
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寄钱到非洲的花费就更高：
07:10
the cost is even higher:
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07:11
12 percent.
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12%。
07:12
To send money within Africa,
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在非洲内部寄钱，
07:14
the cost is even higher:
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费用还要更高：
07:16
over 20 percent.
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超过20%，
07:17
For example, sending money from Benin
to Nigeria.
to Nigeria.
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比如从贝宁寄钱到尼日利亚。
07:21
And then there is the case of Venezuela, where,
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而在委内瑞拉，
07:25
because of exchange controls,
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因为货币兑换受到控制，
07:27
you send 100 dollars and you
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如果你寄了100块钱，
07:29
are lucky if the family on the other side
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你的家人在另一边如果
07:31
receives even 10 dollars.
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能拿到10块钱就不错了。
07:34
Of course, nobody sends money to Venezuela
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当然了，没人通过正式渠道往
07:37
through the official channel.
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委内瑞拉寄钱。
07:39
It all goes in suitcases.
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都是装在行李箱里带。
07:41
Whereever costs are high,
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收费高的地方，
07:43
money goes underground.
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钱都从地下走了。
07:45
And what is worse,
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更糟的是，
07:47
many developing countries actually
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很多发展中国家实际上
07:50
have a blanket ban on sending money
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还全面禁止往国外寄钱。
07:52
out of the country.
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07:54
Many rich nations also have a
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很多富裕国也全面禁止
07:56
blanket ban on sending money
to specific countries.
to specific countries.
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向某些国家寄钱。
08:01
So, is it that there are no options,
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那是不是没有办法，
08:03
no better options, cheaper options, to send money?
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更好，更便宜的办法寄钱了呢？
08:06
There are.
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还是有的。
08:07
M-Pesa in Kenya enables people to send money
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通过肯尼亚的M-Pesa寄钱，
手续费是固定的每笔
08:10
and receive money at a fixed cost of only
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08:13
60 cents per transaction.
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60美分。
08:16
U.S. Fed started a program with Mexico
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美国联邦政府和墨西哥之间
启动了一个项目，
08:19
to enable money service businesses
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使得汇款公司往墨西哥寄钱时
08:21
to send money to Mexico
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08:22
for a fixed cost of only 67 cents per transaction.
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只需要每笔67美分的手续费。
08:27
And yet, these faster, cheaper, better options
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但是这些更快，更便宜，更好的办法，
08:30
can't be applied internationally
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还不能在国际上通用，
08:33
because of the fear of money laundering,
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因为担心被人利用来洗钱。
08:36
even though there is little data
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虽然没有什么数据
08:39
to support any connection, any significant
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证明这两者之间有什么联系，
08:42
connection between money laundering
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就是说洗钱和小额的移民汇款之间
08:43
and these small remittance transactions.
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有什么联系。
08:49
Many international banks now
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很多跨国银行
08:50
are wary of hosting bank accounts
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现在害怕拥有汇款公司的账户，
08:53
of money service businesses, especially
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特别是那些业务涉及到
08:56
those serving Somalia.
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索马里的公司。
08:59
Somalia, a country where the
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索马里人均年收入
09:02
per capita income is only 250 dollars per year.
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才250美元。
09:09
Monthly remittances, on average, to Somalia
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按月寄往索马里的移民汇款
09:11
is larger than that amount.
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平均都大于这个数。
09:14
Remittances are the lifeblood of Somalia.
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2634
移民汇款成了索马里的血脉。
09:16
And yet, this is an example of
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索马里的情况就是个典型的例子，
09:20
the right hand giving a lot of aid,
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一方面右手给予很多援助，
09:22
while the left hand is cutting the lifeblood
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另一方面左手又通过各种条规
09:26
to that economy, through regulations.
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切断它的经济血脉。
09:32
Then there is the case of poor people
from villages, like me.
from villages, like me.
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4908
像我这样来自乡村的穷人
还会遇到另一个问题。
还会遇到另一个问题。
09:36
In the villages, the only place where you can
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564972
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在乡村里，唯一能收到汇款的地方
09:38
get money is through the post office.
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是邮局。
09:41
Most of the governments in the world
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世界上多数国家的政府
09:43
have allowed their post offices to have
189
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3016
都允许邮局和某个汇款公司之间
09:46
exclusive partnerships with money transfer companies.
190
574729
3236
建立唯一的合作关系。
09:49
So, if I have to send money to my
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577965
2822
所以如果我要寄钱给乡下的父亲，
09:52
father in the village, I must send money
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2683
我就必须得去
09:55
through that particular money transfer company,
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2303
特定的那一家汇款公司寄。
09:57
even if the cost is high.
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1240
即使它收费较高，
09:59
I cannot go to a cheaper option.
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4312
我也没有其它的选择。
10:03
This has to go.
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591325
2009
这种情况必须要改变。
10:05
So, what can international organizations and
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2251
那么，国际组织和社会企业家们
10:07
social entrepreneurs do to reduce the cost
198
595585
2017
可以做些什么来降低
10:09
of sending money home?
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寄钱回家的费用呢？
10:11
First, relax regulations on small remittances
under 1,000 dollars.
under 1,000 dollars.
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首先，放宽关于一千美元以下的
小额移民汇款的法规，
小额移民汇款的法规，
10:17
Governments should recognize that
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605539
2422
政府应该意识到，
10:19
small remittances are not money laundering.
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4247
小额汇款不是洗钱。
10:24
Second, governments should abolish exclusive partnerships
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612208
4439
第二，政府应该禁止邮局和某个汇款公司
10:28
between their post office and the money
transfer company.
transfer company.
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616647
2994
建立唯一的合作关系。
10:31
For that matter, between the post office
205
619641
1589
最好是禁止邮局
10:33
and any national banking system that
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2027
和任何全国性的银行系统之间
10:35
has a large network that serves the poor.
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3080
建立这种关系，
10:38
In fact, they should promote competition,
208
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3284
实际上，他们应该鼓励竞争，
10:41
open up the partnership so that
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3029
开放合作伙伴，
10:44
we will bring down costs like we did,
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632650
3149
这样就可以降低费用，
就像电话业那样。
10:47
like they did, in the telecommunications industry.
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3476
10:51
You have seen what has happened there.
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2997
你们都知道电话业的情况了。
10:54
Third, large nonprofit philanthropic organizations
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4803
第三，大型非营利性组织
10:59
should create a remittance platform
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应该在非营利的基础上创建
11:01
on a nonprofit basis.
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649285
1583
一个移民汇款平台。
11:02
They should create a nonprofit
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1072
他们应该创建一个非营利的
11:03
remittance platform to serve the money transfer
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651940
2200
移民汇款平台来服务于汇款公司，
11:06
companies so that they can send money at a low cost,
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3729
使他们能降低寄钱的费用，
11:09
while complying with all the complex
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657869
2151
同时还能不违反世界各地
11:12
regulations all over the world.
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660020
4712
各种复杂的条规。
11:16
The development community should
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664732
1402
发展中的社区应该朝着
11:18
set a goal of reducing remittance costs
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2277
将移民汇款费率从现在的8%降到1%
11:20
to one percent from the current eight percent.
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3253
的目标努力。
11:23
If we reduce costs to one percent,
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671664
2260
如果我们能把费用降到1%，
11:25
that would release a saving of
30 billion dollars per year.
30 billion dollars per year.
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4269
将每年省下300亿美元。
11:30
Thirty billion dollars, that's
larger than the entire
larger than the entire
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678193
4401
比每年给非洲的全部
11:34
bilateral aid budget going to Africa per year.
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682594
3149
双边资助预算还多，
11:37
That is larger than, or almost similar to,
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685743
3016
而且也比美国政府的全部援助预算
11:40
the total aid budget of the United States government,
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688759
3169
还多，或着几乎相当。
11:43
the largest donor on the planet.
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2856
这可是全球最大的捐助国。
11:46
Actually, the savings would be larger
231
694784
1625
实际上，省下的还不止
11:48
than that 30 billion because remittance channels
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696409
2123
那三百亿，因为移民汇款渠道
11:50
are also used for aid, trade and investment purposes.
233
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5407
还可以用于救援，贸易和投资。
11:55
Another major impediment to the
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703939
2471
另一个严重阻碍移民汇款
11:58
flow of remittances reaching the family
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2254
到达家人手中的因素，
12:00
is the large and exorbitant
236
708664
2565
是高额的非法招工费。
12:03
and illegal cost of recruitment,
237
711229
2978
12:06
fees that migrants pay, migrant workers
238
714207
2938
这些费是移民工人
12:09
pay to laborers who found them the job.
239
717145
3264
付给给他们找到工作的人的。
12:12
I was in Dubai a few years ago.
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720409
3606
几年前我去过迪拜
12:16
I visited a camp for workers.
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724015
2275
我去了一个劳工的营地。
12:18
It was 8 in the evening, dark, hot, humid.
242
726290
5313
那是晚上8点，又黑又湿又热，
12:23
Workers were coming back from
243
731603
1812
工人们刚刚结束了
12:25
their grueling day of work,
244
733415
2471
一天又苦又累的工作回来。
12:27
and I struck a conversation
245
735886
1784
我和一个孟加拉来的
12:29
with a Bangladeshi construction worker.
246
737670
2860
建筑工人聊了起来。
12:32
He was preoccupied that he is sending
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740530
2909
他一心就想着寄钱回家，
12:35
money home, he has been
248
743439
1517
已经寄了几个月了，
12:36
sending money home for a few months now,
249
744956
2910
12:39
and the money is mostly going
250
747866
1503
可是钱基本上都给了
12:41
to the recruitment agent, to the labor agent
251
749369
2652
劳务介绍人，
12:44
who found him that job.
252
752021
1643
那个给他找到这份工作的人。
12:45
And in my mind, I could picture
253
753664
3744
我可以想象得到，
12:49
the wife waiting for
254
757408
1181
他的妻子
12:50
the monthly remittance.
255
758589
1726
每月盼着这笔钱。
12:52
The remittance arrives.
256
760315
1765
钱汇到了，
12:54
She takes the money and hands
257
762080
1729
她取了钱，转手就得
12:55
it over to the recruitment agent,
258
763809
3570
交给招工的人，
12:59
while the children are looking on.
259
767379
2996
而孩子们只能眼巴巴的看着。
13:02
This has to stop.
260
770375
3330
不能再这样下去了。
13:05
It is not only construction
workers from Bangladesh,
workers from Bangladesh,
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773705
4816
这不仅仅发生在孟加拉的建筑工人身上，
13:10
it is all the workers. There are millions of migrant
262
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1706
而是发生在所有工人身上，
13:12
workers who suffer from this problem.
263
780227
2951
发生在成百上千万的移民工身上。
13:15
A construction worker from Bangladesh,
264
783178
1677
孟加拉的建筑工
13:16
on an average, pays about 4,000
dollars in recruitment fees
dollars in recruitment fees
265
784855
3795
平均每人要付四千美元的找工费，
13:20
for a job that gives him only 2,000
dollars per year in income.
dollars per year in income.
266
788650
5379
而这份工作每年只挣两千美元。
13:26
That means that for the two years or three years
267
794029
2730
也就是说，有两到三年的时间，
13:28
of his life, he is basically sending money
268
796759
3493
他寄回去的钱
13:32
to pay for the recruitment fees.
269
800252
1284
都只是在付招工费，
13:33
The family doesn't get to see any of it.
270
801536
3513
他的家人什么都拿不到。
13:37
It is not only Dubai, it is the dark
271
805049
3771
也不仅仅发生在迪拜，
13:40
underbelly of every major city in the world.
272
808820
2574
而是发生在全世界
每个大城市的阴暗角落里。
每个大城市的阴暗角落里。
13:43
It is not only Bangladeshi construction workers,
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811394
2498
不光是孟加拉的建筑工人
13:45
it is workers from all over the world.
274
813892
2155
而是全世界的工人们。
13:48
It is not only men.
275
816047
1938
也不仅仅发生在男工身上，
13:49
Women are especially vulnerable to
276
817985
1885
女工更经常成为
13:51
recruitment malpractices.
277
819870
3538
非法招工的受害者。
13:55
One of the most exciting and newest
278
823408
4594
在移民汇款领域，
14:00
thing happening in the area of remittances
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828002
2418
最新，最令人兴奋的事
14:02
is how to mobilize, through innovation,
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830420
3041
是创造移民们存钱和捐钱的新方式。
14:05
diaspora saving and diaspora giving.
281
833461
3191
14:08
Migrants send money home,
282
836652
1883
移民们不仅寄钱回家，
14:10
but they also save a large amount of
283
838535
1633
他们自己也存很多钱。
14:12
money where they live.
284
840168
2445
14:14
Annually, migrant savings are estimated
285
842613
2635
事实上，移民存款据估计每年
14:17
to be 500 billion dollars.
286
845248
4101
达五千亿美元。
14:21
Most of that money is parked in
287
849349
2228
大部分的钱都存在银行里，
14:23
bank deposits that give you zero percent interest rate.
288
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3725
挣不到半点利息。
14:27
If a country were to come
and offer a three percent
and offer a three percent
289
855302
3092
如果哪个国家能为移民提供
14:30
or four percent interest rate, and then say
290
858394
2511
百分之三到四的利息，
14:32
that the money would be used for building schools,
291
860905
2804
而且说把这些钱用来
在他们出生的国家
14:35
roads, airports, train systems
292
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3135
修建学校，公路，机场，铁路，
14:38
in the country of origin, a lot
293
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1812
14:40
of migrants would be interested in
294
868656
1937
很多移民会拿钱出来的。
14:42
parting with their money because
295
870593
2390
因为对他们来说
14:44
it's not only financial gains that
296
872983
1795
不仅得到经济利益，
14:46
give them an opportunity
297
874778
1289
而且也使他们有机会
14:48
to stay engaged with their country's development.
298
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5472
参与他们自己国家的发展。
14:53
Remittance channels can be used
299
881539
1941
可以通过移民汇款的渠道，
14:55
to sell these bonds to migrants
300
883480
4571
把这些债券卖给移民，
15:00
because when they come
301
888051
1351
因为他们
15:01
on a monthly basis to send remittances,
302
889402
1583
每个月来寄钱的时候，
15:02
that's when you can actually sell
it to them.
it to them.
303
890985
2581
就正好是可以向他们出售债券的时候。
15:05
You can also do the same
304
893566
973
也可以用同样的方法
15:06
for mobilizing diaspora giving.
305
894539
2781
来刺激移民们捐钱。
15:09
I would love to invest in a
306
897320
2838
我会非常希望可以为
15:12
bullet train system in India
307
900158
2380
在印度修建高速铁路系统投资。
15:14
and I would love to contribute to efforts
308
902538
2902
我也会非常愿意为
15:17
to fight malaria in my village.
309
905440
3916
在我们村防治疟疾投资。
15:21
Remittances are a great way of
310
909356
3989
利用移民汇款可以实现
15:25
sharing prosperity between places
311
913345
3771
目的性的资源交流，
使最需要的人收益。
15:29
in a targeted way that benefits
312
917116
2296
15:31
those who need them most.
313
919412
2936
15:34
Remittances empower people.
314
922348
3158
移民汇款是一项强大的资源。
15:37
We must do all we can to make remittances
315
925506
3108
我们应该竭尽全力使
移民汇款和海外招工
15:40
and recruitment
316
928614
985
15:41
safer and cheaper.
317
929599
2152
更安全，更便宜。
这是能实现的。
15:43
And it can be done.
318
931751
3111
15:46
As for myself, I have been
319
934862
2100
就我而言，
我已经离开印度二十多年了。
15:48
away from India for two decades now.
320
936962
4020
15:52
My wife is a Venezuelan.
321
940982
2033
我妻子是委内瑞拉人，
15:55
My children are Americans.
322
943015
3898
孩子们是美国人。
15:58
Increasingly, I feel like a global citizen.
323
946913
3947
我越来越觉得自己是个全球公民。
16:02
And yet, I am growing nostalgic
324
950860
2330
但是，我也越来越思念
16:05
about my country of birth.
325
953190
2952
我出生的地方。
16:08
I want to be in India and in the U.S. at the same time.
326
956142
5196
我既想在印度，又想在美国。
16:13
My parents are not there anymore.
327
961338
2223
我的父母已不在了。
16:15
My brothers and sisters have moved on.
328
963561
3502
我的兄弟姐妹们也搬走了。
16:19
There is no real urgency for me to send money home.
329
967063
2534
我已经不迫切需要往家寄钱了。
16:21
And yet, from time to time,
330
969597
2622
但是时不时地，
16:24
I send money home to friends,
331
972219
2851
我会寄钱回去给朋友，
16:27
to relatives, to the village,
332
975070
2841
给亲戚，给村里，
16:29
to be there, to stay engaged —
333
977911
2236
就像我还在那里。
16:32
that's part of my identity.
334
980147
2048
它是我的一部分。
16:34
And, I'm still striving to be a poet
335
982195
3240
同时，我还在努力成为一名诗人，
16:37
for the hardworking migrants
336
985435
2368
为那些辛勤劳作的移民们，
16:39
and their struggle to break free
337
987803
1537
以及他们为摆脱贫困所做的挣扎。
16:41
of the cycle of poverty.
338
989340
1288
16:42
Thank you.
339
990628
1774
谢谢。
16:44
(Applause)
340
992402
6444
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dilip Ratha - Remittances expertEconomist Dilip Ratha was the first to analyze the global significance of remittances -- money sent from foreign workers to their families back home.
Why you should listen
At over US$400 billion per year, and growing, remittances -- money sent home by migrants -- are three times bigger than the total of international aid budgets, and represent some of the largest financial inflows to poor countries. Economist Dilip Ratha was the first to point out the global and national significance of remittances and their social and economic impact.
He is the manager of the Migration and Remittances team at the World Bank and the head of the Global knowledge partnership on migration and development (KNOMAD). He also co-coordinates the G8/G20 Global Remittances Working Group, and is involved in a number of other organizations focusing on remittances. Besides migration, he has done pioneering work on innovative financing including diaspora bonds and South-South foreign direct investment.
Dilip Ratha | Speaker | TED.com