ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jaime Lerner - City evangelist
From building opera houses with wire to mapping the connection between the automobile and your mother-in-law, Jaime Lerner delights in discovering eccentric solutions to vexing urban problems. In the process he has transformed the face of cities worldwide.

Why you should listen

For many city governments seeking visible improvements in their congested streets, the pace of change is measured in months and years. For Jaime Lerner, it's measured in hours. As mayor of Curitiba, he transformed a gridlocked commercial artery into a spacious pedestrian mall over a long weekend, before skeptical merchants had time to finish reading their Monday papers.

Since then he's become a hero not only to his fellow Brazilians, but also to the growing ranks of municipal planners seeking greener, more sustainable cities. His dictum that "creativity starts when you cut a zero from your budget" has inspired a number of his unique solutions to urban problems, including sheltered boarding tubes to improve speed of bus transit; a garbage-for-food program allowing Curitibans to exchange bags of trash for bags of groceries; and trimming parkland grasses with herds of sheep.

In addition to serving three terms as mayor of Curitiba, Lerner has twice been elected governor of Parana State in Brazil. His revolutionary career in urban planning and architecture has not only improved cities worldwide, but has also brought him international renown. Among his many awards are the United Nations Environmental Award (1990), the Child and Peace Award from UNICEF (1996), and the 2001 World Technology Award for Transportation.

 

More profile about the speaker
Jaime Lerner | Speaker | TED.com
TED2007

Jaime Lerner: A song of the city

Jaime Lerner的城市之歌

Filmed:
722,990 views

Jaime Lerner在他的家乡巴西Curitiba重新创造了城市空间。在这个过程中,他改变了世界各地的规划者们对于城市景观可能性的看法。
- City evangelist
From building opera houses with wire to mapping the connection between the automobile and your mother-in-law, Jaime Lerner delights in discovering eccentric solutions to vexing urban problems. In the process he has transformed the face of cities worldwide. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:19
I hope希望 you'll你会 understand理解 my English英语.
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我希望你们能听懂我的话
00:21
In the mornings早晨 it is terrible可怕, and the afternoon下午 is worst最差.
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早上我说的就挺糟糕,下午就更别提了
00:27
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:30
During many许多 years年份, I made制作 some speeches演讲 starting开始 with this
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很多年以来,我以这个为开头,做了一些演讲
00:35
saying: "City is not a problem问题, it's a solution."
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“城市并不是一个难题,而是一种解决方案”
00:40
And more and more, I'm convinced相信 that
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我越来越相信
00:46
it's not only a solution for a country国家,
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这不仅仅是一项针对某个国家的解决方案
00:50
but it's a solution for the problem问题 of climate气候 change更改.
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而且是应对气候改变的办法
00:55
But we have a very pessimistic悲观 approach途径 about the cities城市.
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但是我们对于城市却持有一种非常悲观的态度
01:02
I'm working加工 in cities城市 for almost几乎 40 years年份,
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我在城市中工作了将近40年
01:06
and where every一切 mayor市长 is trying to tell me his city is so big,
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每个城市的市长都试图告诉我,哦,他的城市太大了
01:13
or the other mayors市长 say, "We don't have financial金融 resources资源,"
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或者另一些市长会说,我们没有财政来源
01:19
I would like to say
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我想说
01:22
from the experience经验 I had: every一切 city in the world世界
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从我的经历来看,世界上的每个城市
01:26
can be improved改善 in less than three years年份.
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都能在3年之内得到改善
01:34
There's no matter of scale规模. It's not a question of scale规模,
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规模大小并不重要,并且这跟规模无关
01:38
it's not a question of financial金融 resources资源.
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这也不是财政来源的问题
01:41
Every一切 problem问题 in a city has to have its own拥有 equation方程 of co-responsibility共同责任
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城市中的每个问题都必然有形成它的诸多原因
01:48
and also a design设计.
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当然,还有城市的设计
01:51
So to start开始, I want to introduce介绍 some characters人物
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我想以一些作图片为开始
01:57
from a book I made制作 for teenagers青少年.
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这些图片来自一本我为青少年写的书
02:00
The best最好 example of quality质量 of life is the turtle
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要说明生活质量,最好的例子是乌龟
02:06
because the turtle is an example of living活的 and working加工 together一起.
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因为乌龟是一个将工作和生活结合在一起的例子
02:13
And when you realize实现 that the casque of the turtle
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当你们看到乌龟壳
02:18
looks容貌 like an urban城市的 tessituraTESSITURA,
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他看起来像是市区
02:23
and can we imagine想像, if we cut the casque of the turtle, how sad伤心 she's going to be?
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我们可以想象,如果我们把龟壳从乌龟身上拿走,那乌龟得多难过啊
02:32
And that's what we're doing in our cities城市:
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然而这就是我们对我们的城市所做的!
02:34
living活的 here, working加工 here, having leisure闲暇 here.
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住在这里,在那里工作,又在这里休闲
02:37
And most of the people are leaving离开 the city
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并且大多数人正准备离开城市
02:41
and living活的 outside of the city.
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然后在市区之外住
02:44
So, the other character字符 is Otto玫瑰油, the automobile汽车.
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另一张图片是Otto,就是汽车
02:50
He is invited邀请 for a party派对 -- he never wants to leave离开.
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他被邀请去一个派对,他根本不想离开
02:55
The chairs椅子 are on the tables and still drinking,
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椅子放在桌子上,然后还在喝酒
03:00
and he drinks饮料 a lot. (Laughter笑声)
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还喝了不少(笑声)
03:02
And he coughs咳嗽 a lot. Very egotistical自负:
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他咳嗽得很厉害,还很自大
03:06
he carries携带 only one or two people
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他只能载一到两个人
03:09
and he asks always for more infrastructure基础设施.
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但是他总是要求更多的基础建设
03:16
Freeways高速公路.
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高速公路
03:18
He's a very demanding严格 person.
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他有很多要求
03:21
And on the other hand, Accordion手风琴, the friendly友善 bus总线,
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然后,另一边,像手风琴一样的,友好的公交车
03:25
he carries携带 300 people --
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可以载300人
03:28
275 in Sweden瑞典; 300 Brazilians巴西人. (Laughter笑声)
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在瑞典的话是275,进了巴西就能载300
03:39
Speaking请讲 about the design设计: every一切 city has its own拥有 design设计.
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谈到规划,每一个城市都有它自己的规划
03:44
Curitiba库里蒂巴, my city: three million百万 in the metropolitan宗主 area,
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库里蒂巴(巴西南部巴拉那州首府),我的城市,市内住着30万人
03:48
1,800,000 people in the city itself本身.
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总共1,800,000人住在这座城市
03:53
Curitiba库里蒂巴, Rio里约热内卢: it's like two birds鸟类 kissing接吻 themselves他们自己.
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库里蒂巴,里约热内卢:它就像两只互相亲吻的鸟
03:56
Oaxaca瓦哈卡, San Francisco弗朗西斯科 -- it's very easy简单:
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瓦哈卡(墨西哥)、旧金山--图形很简单
03:59
Market市场 Street, Van面包车 Ness内斯 and the waterfront滨水.
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市场街、凡尼斯大道还有滨水地区(均位于旧金山)
04:02
And every一切 city has its own拥有 design设计.
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每座城市都有自己的设计
04:06
But to make it happen发生, sometimes有时 you have to propose提出 a scenario脚本
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但是为了使它实现,有时候你不得不提出一个方案
04:10
and to propose提出 a design设计 --
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并且准备好一个设计
04:13
an idea理念 that everyone大家, or the large majority多数,
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还有一个能令所有人,或者是大多数人满意的主意
04:16
will help you to make it happen发生.
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使得他们能够帮助你实现
04:19
And that's the structure结构体 of the city of Curitiba库里蒂巴.
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这是库里蒂巴的城市结构
04:24
And it's an example of living活的 and working加工 together一起.
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这就是一个工作与生活在一起的样本
04:29
And this is where we have more density密度;
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这是这个城市中人口密度最大的地方
04:34
it's where we have more public上市 transport运输.
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也是公共交通最集中的地方
04:37
So, this system系统 started开始 in '74. We started开始 with 25,000 passengers乘客 a day,
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这个交通系统在74年开始建设,我们计划每天运载25,000名乘客
04:45
now it's 2,200,000 passengers乘客 a day.
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现在,这个数据变成了2,200,000人每天
04:48
And it took 25 years年份 until直到 another另一个 city ...
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这个过程花费了25年的时间,知道另一个城市
04:52
which哪一个 is Bogota波哥大, and they did a very good job工作.
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就是波哥大,他们做的也非常好
04:57
And now there's 83 cities城市 all over the world世界 that they
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现在,全世界有83个城市正在应用
05:02
are doing what they call the BRTBRT of Curitiba库里蒂巴.
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他们所谓的库里蒂巴快速公交系统
05:06
And one thing: it's important重要 not for only your own拥有 city;
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还有一点:这很重要,不仅是针对你们的城市
05:13
every一切 city, besides除了 its normal正常 problems问题,
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每个城市,不仅是那些普通的问题
05:17
they have a very important重要 role角色
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城市有它们的角色--一个非常重要的角色--
05:20
in being存在 with the whole整个 humanity人性.
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它们伴随着人类
05:23
That means手段 mostly大多 two main主要 issues问题 --
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这意味着两个主要问题
05:28
mobility流动性 and sustainability可持续性 -- are becoming变得 very important重要 for the cities城市.
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灵活性和可持续性,正在成为对城市而言非常重要的因素
05:33
And this is an articulated铰接式 bus总线, double-articulated双铰接.
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这是一辆铰接式的公交车,是二级链式的
05:38
And we are very close to my house.
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这个地方离我家非常近
05:41
You can come when you are in Curitiba库里蒂巴 and have a coffee咖啡 there.
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要是你来到库里蒂巴,你可以到我家喝杯咖啡
05:46
And that's the evolution演化 of the system系统.
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这张图是库里蒂巴交通系统的发展
05:48
What in the design设计 that made制作 the difference区别
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那些设计真正成功的
05:52
is the boarding登机 tubes:
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是那些便捷登车通道
05:54
the boarding登机 tube gives to the bus总线 the same相同 performance性能 as a subway地铁.
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它使的公交可以向地铁一样工作
05:59
That's why, I'm trying to say,
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这就是为什么我说
06:04
it's like metro-nizing城域nizing the bus总线.
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这是种地铁化的公交
06:06
This is the design设计 of the bus总线,
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这就是公交的设计
06:12
and you can pay工资 before entering进入 the bus总线 you're boarding登机.
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并且,你可以在登车前购买车票
06:15
And for handicapped残废, they can use this as a normal正常 system系统.
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对于残障人士,它们可以利用这个进出站
06:23
What I'm trying to say is
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然而,我所试图表达的是
06:26
the major重大的 contribution贡献 on carbon emissions排放 are from the cars汽车 --
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碳排放主要排放来源是汽车
06:32
more than 50 percent百分 -- so when we depend依靠 only on cars汽车, it's ...
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50%以上是这样的。所以当我们只依靠我们的汽车时
06:41
-- that's why when we're talking about sustainability可持续性,
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这是为什么我们讨论可持续性是不够的
06:45
it's not enough足够, green绿色 buildings房屋.
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绿色建筑?
06:48
It's not enough足够, a new materials物料.
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也不够,新型材料?
06:51
It's not enough足够, new sources来源 of energy能源.
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不够,新能源?
06:54
It's the concept概念 of the city, the design设计 of the city,
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是城市的理念,市城市的设计
06:58
that's also important重要, too. And also, how to teach the children孩子.
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而且这也是非常重要的,教育儿童的方法
07:09
I'll speak说话 on this later后来 on.
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我之后还会讨论这个
07:14
Our idea理念 of mobility流动性 is trying
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我们对于交通的构想是尝试
07:17
to make the connections连接 between之间 all the systems系统.
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在各个系统之间建立联系
07:20
We started开始 in '83, proposing建议 for the city of Rio里约热内卢
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我们在1983年开始,为里约热内卢计划
07:25
how to connect the subway地铁 with the bus总线.
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连接地铁和公交的方式
07:28
The subway地铁 was against反对, of course课程.
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地铁公司当然很反对这个
07:31
And 23 years年份 after, they called us to develop发展 -- we're developing发展 this idea理念.
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然后,23年之后,他们叫我们去开发--我们的计划正在进展中
07:37
And you can understand理解 how different不同 it's going to be,
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你能理解这将会有多大的不同
07:41
the image图片 of Rio里约热内卢 with the system系统 --
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当里约热内卢有了这个系统
07:44
one-minute等一下 frequency频率.
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每分钟一趟车
07:48
And it's not Shanghai上海,
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这不是上海
07:50
it's not being存在 colored有色 during the day, only at night
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在白天,她并非五颜六色,只有晚上这样
07:54
it will look this way.
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她看起来是这样的
07:57
And before you say it's a Norman诺曼 Foster培育 design设计,
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在你说这是Norman Foster的设计之前
08:02
we designed设计 this in '83.
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我们在83年设计的这个
08:07
And this is the model模型,
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并且这就是
08:08
how it's going to work. So, it's the same相同 system系统;
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她如何工作的模式。所以说这是相同的系统
08:13
the vehicle车辆 is different不同. And that's the model模型.
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交通工具并不相同。而且这是
08:20
What I'm trying to say is, I'm not trying
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我所试图表达的。我并没有试着
08:23
to prove证明 which哪一个 system系统 of transport运输 is better.
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证明哪种运输系统更好
08:29
I'm trying to say we have to combine结合
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我尝试表达出我们需要结合
08:32
all the systems系统, and with one condition条件:
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将所有的系统结合起来,有一个条件
08:37
never -- if you have a subway地铁, if you have surface表面 systems系统,
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永远不要--如果市内有地铁,如果还有地面交通
08:43
if you have any kind of system系统 --
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如果市内有任何交通系统--
08:46
never compete竞争 in the same相同 space空间.
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永远不要在同一空间内竞争
08:51
And coming未来 back to the car汽车, I always used to say
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回到汽车,我总是说
08:58
that the car汽车 is like your mother-in-law岳母:
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汽车就像是你的岳母
09:03
you have to have good relationship关系 with her,
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不不得不和她建立良好的关系
09:06
but she cannot不能 command命令 your life.
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但她不能左右你的生活
09:11
So, when the only woman女人 in your life is your mother-in-law岳母,
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当你生活中唯一的女性是你岳母的时候
09:21
you have a problem问题. (Laughter笑声)
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你就遇到问题了 (笑声)
09:25
So, all the ideas思路 about how to transform转变 through通过 design设计 --
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所以所有通过设计来改进的设想--
09:32
old quarries采石场 and open打开 universities高校 and botanic植物 garden花园 --
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采石场、开放式的大学,还有植物园
09:39
all of it's related有关 to how we teach the children孩子.
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所有这些与我们教育孩子的方式有关
09:47
And the children孩子, we teach during six months个月 how to separate分离 their garbage垃圾.
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如果孩子们在六个月里学习如何分类垃圾
09:51
And after, the children孩子 teach their parents父母.
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这之后,孩子们会教他们的家长
09:56
And now we have 70 percent百分 --
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现在有70%--
09:59
since以来 20 years年份, it's the highest最高 rate of separation分割 of garbage垃圾 in the world世界.
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近20年中,是世界垃圾分类率中最高的
10:05
Seven zero.
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七十
10:07
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
10:12
So teach the children孩子.
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所以,教育孩子
10:15
I would like to say, if we want to have a sustainable可持续发展 world世界
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我想说,如果我们想拥有一个可持续的世界
10:21
we have to work with everything what's said,
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我们就必须改善我所提到的一切
10:25
but don't forget忘记 the cities城市 and the children孩子.
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但是,不要忘记城市和孩子们
10:30
I'm working加工 in a museum博物馆 and also a multi-use多用途 city,
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我在博物馆工作,同时也在一个多功能的城市里工作
10:34
because you cannot不能 have empty places地方 during 18 hours小时 a day.
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因为你不可能在一个空空如也的地方每天呆18个小时
10:39
You should have always
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你总需要
10:42
a structure结构体 of living活的 and working加工 together一起.
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一个工作与生活相结合的地方
10:46
Try to understand理解 the sectors行业 in the city
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尝试理解城市的部分区域
10:49
that could play different不同 roles角色 during the 24 hours小时.
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那些可以在24小时内扮演不同角色的区域
10:55
Another另一个 issue问题 is, a city's城市的 like our family家庭 portrait肖像.
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另一个问题是,城市就像是我们的家庭照
10:59
We don't rip安息 our family家庭 portrait肖像,
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我们不会把家庭照撕裂
11:02
even if we don't like the nose鼻子 of our uncle叔叔,
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即便我们不喜欢叔叔的鼻子
11:07
because this portrait肖像 is you.
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因为这照片就像是你
11:10
And these are the references引用 that we have in any city.
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所有城市都可以这样比做一张照片
11:16
This is the main主要 pedestrian行人 mall购物中心;
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这是步行大街
11:19
we did it in 72 hours小时. Yes, you have to be fast快速.
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我们在72小时内建成的。是的,你的速度必须很快
11:24
And these are the references引用 from our ethnic民族 contribution贡献.
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这些是参照不同民族建设的
11:30
This is the Italian意大利 portal门户,
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这是意大利式的大门
11:32
the Ukrainian乌克兰 park公园, the Polish抛光 park公园, the Japanese日本 square广场, the German德语 park公园.
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乌克兰式的公园、波兰式的公园、日式广场、德国风格的公园
11:39
All of a sudden突然, the Soviet苏联 Union联盟, they split分裂.
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突然之间,苏联解体了
11:43
And since以来 we have people from
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由于我们这有来自
11:45
Uzbekistan乌兹别克斯坦, Kazakhstan哈萨克斯坦, Tajikistan塔吉克斯坦, [unclear不明],
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乌兹别克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、[说的不清楚]
11:49
we have to stop the program程序.
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我们不得不停止这个计划
11:51
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
11:53
Don't forget忘记: creativity创造力 starts启动 when you cut a zero from your budget预算.
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不要忘记:创意源于从预算表里去掉的一个零
12:02
If you cut two zeros, it's much better.
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如果少了两个零,创意会更多
12:07
And this is the Wire线 Opera歌剧 theater剧院. We did it in two months个月.
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这是Wire歌剧院,我们在两个月内建成
12:14
Parks公园 -- old quarries采石场 that they were transformed改造 into parks公园.
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公园--由旧矿场改建成的公园
12:18
Quarries采石场 once一旦 made制作 the nature性质, and
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矿场,曾经是自然的一部分
12:23
sometimes有时 we took this and we transformed改造.
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有时,我们接手然后加以改造
12:27
And every一切 part部分 can be transformed改造;
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并且,每部分都能改变
12:32
every一切 frog青蛙 can be transformed改造 in a prince王子.
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每只青蛙都可以变成王子
12:38
So, in a city, you have to work fast快速.
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所以,在城市中,你的动作必须快
12:42
Planning规划 takes time. And I'm proposing建议 urban城市的 acupuncture针刺.
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规划需要时间。我正在做城市针灸计划
12:48
That means手段 me, with some focal ideas思路 to help the normal正常 process处理 of planning规划.
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意思是我,用一些焦点问题来帮助日常规划工作
12:56
And this is an acupuncture针刺 note注意 --
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这是一份针灸的记录--
12:59
or I.M. Pei's裴氏. Some small ones那些
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或是贝聿铭的建筑,一些小的--
13:06
can make the city better.
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她们可以使城市更好
13:09
The smallest最少 park公园 in New York纽约, the most beautiful美丽:
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或者是纽约最小但是最美的公园:
13:14
32 meters.
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只有32米长
13:17
So, I want just to end结束 saying
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所以,我想在结尾说
13:20
that you can always propose提出 new materials物料 -- new sustainable可持续发展 materials物料 --
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你们可以经常研发新材料,新的可持续性材料
13:27
but keep in mind心神 that we have to work fast快速
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但是记住,我们必须快点行动
13:31
to the end结束, because we don't have the whole整个 time to plan计划.
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在最后,因为我们没有那么多时间去计划
13:41
And I think creativity创造力, innovation革新 is starting开始.
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我认为创造性和革新是开端
13:47
And we cannot不能 have all the answers答案.
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而且我们不会找到所有的答案
13:52
So when you start开始 --
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那么,当你开始的时候--
13:55
and we cannot不能 be so prepotent优生 on having all the answers答案 --
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另外,我们也不会因为又有所有的答案而拥有什么优势
14:00
it's important重要 starting开始 and having the contribution贡献 from people,
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人们的贡献是非常重要的
14:05
and they could teach you
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他们可以教你
14:08
if you're not in the right track跟踪.
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如果你没有走上正轨
14:11
At the end结束, I would like if you can help me to sing the sustainable可持续发展 song歌曲.
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最后,我希望你能帮我唱可持续之歌
14:19
OK?
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好么?
14:22
Please, allow允许 me just two minutes分钟.
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请允许我再给我两分钟
14:25
You're going to make the music音乐 and the rhythm韵律.
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你们来打拍子、唱旋律
14:31
Toonchi-tooToonchi太! Toonchi-tooToonchi太! Toonchi-tooToonchi太! ♫
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♫咚咚! 咚咚! 咚咚!♫
14:35
Toonchi-tooToonchi太! Toonchi-tooToonchi太! Toonchi-tooToonchi太! ♫
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♫咚咚! 咚咚! 咚咚!♫
14:38
♫ It's possible可能! It's possible可能! You can do it! You can do it! ♫
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♫这是可能的!这是可能的!你能做到!你能做到!♫
14:42
♫ Use less your car汽车! Make this decision决定! ♫
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♫少点开车!下定决心!♫
14:45
Avoid避免 carbon emission排放! It's possible可能! It's possible可能! ♫
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♫避免碳排放!这是可能的!这是可能的!♫
14:50
♫ You can do it! You can do it! ♫
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♫你能做到!你能做到!♫
14:52
Live生活 closer接近 to work! ♫
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♫住处离工作更近♫
14:56
♫ Work closer接近 to home! Save保存 energy能源 in your home! ♫
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♫工作离家更近!在家节约能源!♫
15:04
♫ It's possible可能! It's possible可能! You can do it! ♫
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♫这是可能的!这是可能的!你可以做到!♫
15:07
♫ You can do it! Separate分离 your garbage垃圾! ♫
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♫你可以做到!分类你的垃圾!♫
15:11
Organic有机, schmorganicschmorganic! Save保存 more! Waste浪费 less! It's possible可能! ♫
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♫有机的,还是有机的!节约更多!减少浪费!这是可能的!♫
15:17
♫ You can do it! Please, do it now! ♫
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♫你可以做到!快点!现在-就做!♫
15:25
Thank you.
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谢谢
15:27
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by zhao weichen
Reviewed by Tony Yet

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jaime Lerner - City evangelist
From building opera houses with wire to mapping the connection between the automobile and your mother-in-law, Jaime Lerner delights in discovering eccentric solutions to vexing urban problems. In the process he has transformed the face of cities worldwide.

Why you should listen

For many city governments seeking visible improvements in their congested streets, the pace of change is measured in months and years. For Jaime Lerner, it's measured in hours. As mayor of Curitiba, he transformed a gridlocked commercial artery into a spacious pedestrian mall over a long weekend, before skeptical merchants had time to finish reading their Monday papers.

Since then he's become a hero not only to his fellow Brazilians, but also to the growing ranks of municipal planners seeking greener, more sustainable cities. His dictum that "creativity starts when you cut a zero from your budget" has inspired a number of his unique solutions to urban problems, including sheltered boarding tubes to improve speed of bus transit; a garbage-for-food program allowing Curitibans to exchange bags of trash for bags of groceries; and trimming parkland grasses with herds of sheep.

In addition to serving three terms as mayor of Curitiba, Lerner has twice been elected governor of Parana State in Brazil. His revolutionary career in urban planning and architecture has not only improved cities worldwide, but has also brought him international renown. Among his many awards are the United Nations Environmental Award (1990), the Child and Peace Award from UNICEF (1996), and the 2001 World Technology Award for Transportation.

 

More profile about the speaker
Jaime Lerner | Speaker | TED.com