ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ricardo Semler - Organizational changemaker
Two decades after transforming a struggling equipment supplier into a radically democratic and resilient (and successful) company, Ricardo Semler wants organizations to become wise.

Why you should listen
After assuming control of Semler & Company (Semco) from his father in 1980, Brazil's Ricardo Semler began a decades-long quest to create an organization that could function without him, by studying and then implementing what could best be called "corporate democracy", allowing employees to design their own jobs, select their supervisors, and define pay levels. He has then applied the same principles to education, banking and hospitality. All with very good results.

He's now promoting the idea of designing organizations -- companies, schools, NGOs -- for wisdom. With a question as a starting point: If we were to start from scratch, would we design organization X the way we have done it?
More profile about the speaker
Ricardo Semler | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2014

Ricardo Semler: How to run a company with (almost) no rules

里卡多·塞姆勒: 公司,学校和生活中的前瞻性智慧

Filmed:
3,246,933 views

如果你的工作无法掌控你的生活怎么办?巴西CEO里卡多·塞姆勒实践了一种关于公司民主的前卫形式,重新思考一切,从董事会议到工人们如何汇报他们的假期(实际上他们并不需要)。这是一种奖励工人所付出的智慧的设想,促进工作-生活平衡——同时可以引发出一些关于工作,生活的意义何在的深入思考。附加问题:如果学校教育也能够如此运作呢?
- Organizational changemaker
Two decades after transforming a struggling equipment supplier into a radically democratic and resilient (and successful) company, Ricardo Semler wants organizations to become wise. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
On Mondays星期一 and Thursdays星期四,
I learn学习 how to die.
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每周一和周四,
我都要学习如何死去。
我把它们称作我的终结日。
00:17
I call them my terminal终奌站 days.
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00:19
My wife妻子 Fernanda费尔南达 doesn't like the term术语,
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我妻子费尔南达不喜欢这个词,
00:21
but a lot of people in my family家庭 died死亡
of melanoma黑色素瘤 cancer癌症
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但是我的家族中很多人
都死于黑色素瘤癌,
00:26
and my parents父母 and grandparents祖父母 had it.
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我的父母和祖父母也都患有这种病。
00:29
And I kept不停 thinking思维, one day I could
be sitting坐在 in front面前 of a doctor医生
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我不由得想,总有一天我会去见医生,
他/她看着我的检验结果说,
00:32
who looks容貌 at my exams考试 and says,
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00:34
"Ricardo里卡多, things don't look very good.
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“里卡多,情况看起来不太好。
你的生命只剩下半年到一年的时间了。“
00:37
You have six months个月 or a year to live生活."
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00:39
And you start开始 thinking思维 about
what you would do with this time.
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如果是你就会开始思考要如何
利用这余下的时间。
00:43
And you say, "I'm going to spend
more time with the kids孩子.
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你通常会说,
”我得花更多的时间在孩子身上。
我要去这些地方,
00:45
I'm going to visit访问 these places地方,
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我要翻山越岭,走南闯北,
00:47
I'm going to go up and down
mountains and places地方
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我要完成之前一直没做成的事。“
00:49
and I'm going to do all the things
I didn't do when I had the time."
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00:53
But of course课程, we all know
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不过当然,我们都知道
00:55
these are very bittersweet苦乐参半 memories回忆
we're going to have.
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这些都会成为苦乐参半的回忆。
这很难做到。
00:58
It's very difficult to do.
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你可能会把大量的时间拿来痛哭一场。
00:59
You spend a good part部分 of the time
crying哭了, probably大概.
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01:03
So I said, I'm going to do something else其他.
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于是我决定,要做点别的事。
01:05
Every一切 Monday星期一 and Thursday星期四,
I'm going use my terminal终奌站 days.
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每个周一和周四,
我会好好利用我的终结日。
如果我得到了这个(不幸的)消息,
01:10
And I will do, during those days,
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01:13
whatever随你 it is I was going to do
if I had received收到 that piece of news新闻.
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我就会在那些天里去完成我想做的事。
01:16
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:18
When you think about --
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当你想到——
01:20
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
01:24
when you think about the opposite对面 of work,
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当你想到工作的反义词,
01:26
we, many许多 times, think it's leisure闲暇.
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我们在很多时候会想到”休闲“。
01:29
And you say, ah, I need
some leisure闲暇 time, and so forth向前.
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你会说,噢,
我需要一些闲暇时间,等等。
01:32
But the fact事实 is that,
leisure闲暇 is a very busy thing.
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不过实际上,休闲是个非常累人的过程。
01:35
You go play golf高尔夫球 and tennis网球,
and you meet遇到 people,
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你要去玩高尔夫球和网球,约见朋友,
01:38
and you're going for lunch午餐,
and you're late晚了 for the movies电影.
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要去吃午饭,赶着去看电影。
01:41
It's a very crowded thing that we do.
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我们要做的事多得让人应接不暇。
01:43
The opposite对面 of work is idleness懒惰.
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其实工作的反义词是”无所事事“。
01:47
But very few少数 of us know
what to do with idleness懒惰.
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不过很少有人知道要怎么
才能做到无所事事。
01:49
When you look at the way
that we distribute分发 our lives生活 in general一般,
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你可以大致看一下我们是
如何分配这一生的,
01:54
you realize实现 that in the periods
in which哪一个 we have a lot of money,
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你会发现存在一些周期,
当我们有很多钱的时候,
01:58
we have very little time.
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我们没有什么时间。
02:00
And then when we finally最后 have time,
we have neither也不 the money nor也不 the health健康.
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当我们有时间的时候,
却没什么钱,身体也出了状况。
02:05
So we started开始 thinking思维 about that
as a company公司 for the last 30 years年份.
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于是在过去的三十年中,
我们一直在以运营公司的方式思考这个问题。
02:10
This is a complicated复杂 company公司
with thousands数千 of employees雇员,
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这是个结构复杂的公司,
拥有几千名雇员,
02:13
hundreds数以百计 of millions百万
of dollars美元 of business商业
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几亿美元的
02:15
that makes品牌 rocket火箭 fuel汽油 propellent推进剂 systems系统,
runs运行 4,000 ATMs自动取款机 in Brazil巴西,
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火箭燃料推进系统的生意,
在巴西运营着4000台ATM机,
02:22
does income收入 tax preparation制备
for dozens许多 of thousands数千.
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为几万人准备收入税材料。
02:25
So this is not a simple简单 business商业.
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所以这不是一个简单的生意。
02:29
We looked看着 at it and we said,
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我们看着这一切说,
02:31
let's devolve下放 to these people,
let's give these people a company公司
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我们不如把业务下放给这些员工吧,
让他们自己运营一个公司,
02:36
where we take away
all the boarding登机 school学校 aspects方面
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我们把董事会所有那些
条条框框的部分去掉,
02:38
of, this is when you arrive到达,
this is how you dress连衣裙,
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比如你要什么时间来,
你要如何打扮,
02:41
this is how you go to meetings会议,
this is what you say,
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你要如何参加会议,
你要说些什么,
你不能说什么,
02:43
this is what you don't say,
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再看看接下来会如何。
02:44
and let's see what's left.
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02:46
So we started开始 this about 30 years年份 ago,
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我们30年前就开始这样做了,
02:48
and we started开始 dealing交易
with this very issue问题.
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开始着手处理这个事情。
02:50
And so we said, look, the retirement退休,
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于是我们说,看吧,退休,
02:52
the whole整个 issue问题 of how
we distribute分发 our graph图形 of life.
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这就是我们如何分配生命的问题。
02:56
Instead代替 of going mountain climbing攀登
when you're 82,
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与其等到82岁的时候再去登山,
02:59
why don't you do it next下一个 week?
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你为什么不下周就动身呢?
03:01
And we'll do it like this,
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我们一般会这样做,
我们会以你工资10%的价格
把你的周三返卖给你。
03:02
we'll sell you back your Wednesdays星期三
for 10 percent百分 of your salary薪水.
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03:07
So now, if you were going to be
a violinist小提琴手, which哪一个 you probably大概 weren't,
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这样一来,如果你想要成为一个小提琴家,
但这个愿望还没有实现,
03:11
you go and do this on Wednesday星期三.
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你就可以在周三去做。
03:13
And what we found发现 --
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我们发现——
03:14
we thought, these are the older旧的 people
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我们认为,真正对这个项目感兴趣的
03:17
who are going to be really interested有兴趣
in this program程序.
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都会是些资历更老的人。
当然,第一批参与这个项目的人的
03:20
And the average平均 age年龄
of the first people who adhered坚持
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03:22
were 29, of course课程.
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平均年龄是29岁。
03:23
And so we started开始 looking,
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我们开始了观察,
03:25
and we said, we have to do things
in a different不同 way.
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我们决定,要以一种不同的方式来运作。
03:27
So we started开始 saying things like,
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于是我们开始这样说,
03:29
why do we want to know
what time you came来了 to work,
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为什么我们想要知道你什么时间去工作,
03:31
what time you left, etc等等.?
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什么时间下班之类的信息?
03:33
Can't we exchange交换 this for a contract合同
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我们难道不能以此为交换签署一个合同,
03:35
for buying购买 something from you,
some kind of work?
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从你那里购买点什么,比如一些工作?
03:39
Why are we building建造 these headquarters司令部?
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我们为什么要建立这么多总部?
03:41
Is it not an ego自我 issue问题
that we want to look solid固体
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这不是一个关于我们想要高瞻远瞩进行
03:43
and big and important重要?
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自我提升的问题吗?
但我们是因为这个才让你们
花2个小时从城那头跑过来干活儿的吗?
03:45
But we're dragging拖延 you two hours小时
across横过 town because of it?
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03:49
So we started开始 asking questions问题 one by one.
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于是我们开始一个接一个的提问。
03:52
We'd星期三 say it like this:
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我们会这样描述它:
03:53
One: How do we find people?
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一:我们怎样招聘?
03:56
We'd星期三 go out and try
and recruit people and we'd星期三 say,
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我们会出去尝试招募人们,跟他们说,
03:59
look, when you come to us,
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看,当你来找我们,
04:00
we're not going to have
two or three interviews面试
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我们并不是进行几次面试,
然后你就需要一辈子为我们效力。
04:03
and then you're going to be
married已婚 to us for life.
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这不是我们利用余下生命的方式。
04:05
That's not how we do
the rest休息 of our lives生活.
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那么,来参加面试吧。
04:07
So, come have your interviews面试.
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04:09
Anyone任何人 who's谁是 interested有兴趣
in interviewing面试, you will show显示 up.
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任何对面试感兴趣的人,都会出现。
04:13
And then we'll see what happens发生
out of the intuition直觉 that rises上升 from that,
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然后我们会看到从由此产生的
直觉之外能获得什么,
04:17
instead代替 of just filling填充 out the little
items项目 of whether是否 you're the right person.
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而不只是通过填写表格来判断
你是不是最佳人选。
04:21
And then, come back.
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然后再让你回来。
04:23
Spend an afternoon下午, spend a whole整个 day,
talk to anybody任何人 you want.
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花一个下午,一整天,
跟任何你想找的人谈话。
04:26
Make sure we are the bride新娘
you thought we were
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确定我们是你想找的对象,
04:29
and not all the bullshit废话
we put into our own拥有 ads广告.
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别被我们广告里的写的破玩意儿忽悠了。
04:32
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:34
Slowly慢慢地 we went to a process处理
where we'd星期三 say things like,
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慢慢的我们进入了一个过程,
我们会这样说,
04:38
we don't want anyone任何人 to be
a leader领导 in the company公司
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我们不想让任何还没有被未来的下属
04:41
if they haven't没有 been
interviewed采访 and approved批准
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面试和肯定的人成为
04:43
by their future未来 subordinates下属.
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公司的领导。
每半年,每个人都要以领导的身份
接受匿名评估。
04:46
Every一切 six months个月, everyone大家 gets得到
evaluated评估, anonymously匿名, as a leader领导.
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04:51
And this determines确定 whether是否 they should
continue继续 in that leadership领导 position位置,
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这决定了他们是否应该
继续在领导层任职,
多数情况下都是场景面试,
这个你们应该了解。
04:55
which哪一个 is many许多 times
situational情境, as you know.
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04:58
And so if they don't have 70, 80 percent百分
of a grade年级, they don't stay,
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如果他们得不到百分之七八十的肯定,
他们就得走人,
05:04
which哪一个 is probably大概 the reason原因 why
I haven't没有 been CEOCEO for more than 10 years年份.
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这可能就是我已经从CEO的位子上
下来了10多年的原因。
05:08
And over time, we started开始 asking
other questions问题.
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过了一段时间,
我们开始问其他的问题。
05:12
We said things like,
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我们会说,
05:14
why can't people set their own拥有 salaries工资?
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为什么员工不能自己定薪水?
05:17
What do they need to know?
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他们需要知道什么?
05:19
There's only three things
you need to know:
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你只需要知道3件事:
05:21
how much people make inside the company公司,
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员工在公司内部创造了多少价值,
05:23
how much people make somewhere某处
else其他 in a similar类似 business商业
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员工在别的地方的类似公司
创造了多少价值,
05:26
and how much we make in general一般
to see whether是否 we can afford给予 it.
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以及整体上我们付出了多少努力
才能负担得起这些薪水?
05:29
So let's give people these three
pieces of information信息.
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那么我们提供给人们这三样信息。
05:32
So we started开始 having, in the cafeteria自助餐馆,
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于是在公司的就餐区,
05:34
a computer电脑 where you could go in
and you could ask
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我们设立了一台计算机,
你可以进去查询
05:36
what someone有人 spent花费,
how much someone有人 makes品牌,
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什么人花了多少钱,
有了多少收入,
05:38
what they make in benefits好处,
what the company公司 makes品牌,
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他们创造了多少利润,
公司盈利了多少,
05:41
what the margins利润率 are, and so forth向前.
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还有多少利润,等等。
05:43
And this is 25 years年份 ago.
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这是在25年以前。
05:47
As this information信息 started开始
coming未来 to people,
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当人们开始接触这些信息,
05:50
we said things like, we don't want
to see your expense费用 report报告,
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我们会说,
我们对你们的花费报告没有兴趣,
05:53
we don't want to know how many许多
holidays假期 you're taking服用,
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不想知道你们花了多少天休假,
也不想知道你们在哪工作。
05:55
we don't want to know where you work.
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05:57
We had, at one point,
14 different不同 offices办事处 around town,
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我们在某个时期在一个城镇
有14个不同的办公室,
06:00
and we'd星期三 say, go to the one
that's closest最近的 to your house,
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我们会说,去那个离你家最近,
06:04
to the customer顾客 that
you're going to visit访问 today今天.
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离你今天要见的客户最近的地方上班。
06:06
Don't tell us where you are.
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不要告诉我们你在哪。
06:08
And more, even when we had
thousands数千 of people, 5,000 people,
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还有,即便我们有几千个雇员,
5000人左右,
06:12
we had two people in the H.R. department,
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我们的HR部门只有2个人,
06:16
and thankfully感激地 one of them has retired退休.
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谢天谢地其中一个已经退休了。
06:18
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:20
And so, the question we were asking was,
how can we be taking服用 care关心 of people?
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那么我们问的问题就是,
我们要怎么关心员工呢?
06:24
People are the only thing we have.
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员工是我们拥有的一切。
06:26
We can't have a department that runs运行
after people and looks容貌 after people.
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我们无法设立一个部门专门
照顾员工们的日常事务。
06:29
So as we started开始 finding发现 that this worked工作,
and we'd星期三 say, we're looking for --
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于是当我们开始发现这种方式能够奏效,
我们就开始寻找——
06:35
and this is, I think,
the main主要 thing I was looking for
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我觉得这是我在公司时的终结日里
06:37
in the terminal终奌站 days and in the company公司,
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重点要探索的东西,
就是说,我们要怎样让公司
以更睿智的方式运作?
06:39
which哪一个 is, how do you set up for wisdom智慧?
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06:43
We've我们已经 come from an age年龄 of revolution革命,
industrial产业 revolution革命,
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我们已经走过了革命时代,
工业革命,
06:47
an age年龄 of information信息,
an age年龄 of knowledge知识,
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信息时代,知识时代,
06:50
but we're not any closer接近
to the age年龄 of wisdom智慧.
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但是我们从未走近过睿智时代。
06:53
How we design设计, how do we organize组织,
for more wisdom智慧?
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我们要如何更智慧的
进行设计和组织活动?
06:56
So for example, many许多 times,
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比方说,有很多次,
06:58
what's the smartest最聪明的 or the intelligent智能
decision决定 doesn't jive黑话.
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最聪明或者最明智的决定并不奏效。
07:02
So we'd星期三 say things like,
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我们就会说,
我们来做这样一个约定:
你每周要售出57个器件。
07:04
let's agree同意 that you're going to sell
57 widgets小部件 per week.
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07:08
If you sell them by Wednesday星期三,
please go to the beach海滩.
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如果你在周三前卖完,就赶紧去休假吧。
07:12
Don't create创建 a problem问题 for us,
for manufacturing制造业, for application应用,
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不要给我们制造问题,
不管是在制造上还是应用上,
07:16
then we have to buy购买 new companies公司,
we have to buy购买 our competitors竞争对手,
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否则我们就得买新的公司,
我们就得把我们的竞争对手买下来,
就因为你卖了太多器件,
我们就得忙到不可开交。
07:19
we have to do all kinds of things
because you sold出售 too many许多 widgets小部件.
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所以赶紧去休假吧,
周一再回来继续干活儿。
07:22
So go to the beach海滩
and start开始 again on Monday星期一.
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07:24
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声)
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(笑声)(掌声)
07:27
So the process处理 is looking for wisdom智慧.
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所以这个过程就是寻找智慧。
07:30
And in the process处理, of course课程,
we wanted people to know everything,
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在这个过程中,
我们当然想让员工了解每件事,
07:34
and we wanted to be truly democratic民主的
about the way we ran things.
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我们想要在一切行动中
都做到真正的民主。
07:37
So our board had two seats open打开
with the same相同 voting表决 rights权利,
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所以我们的董事会还有2个
具有相同选举权的空位,
07:43
for the first two people who showed显示 up.
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先过来应征的2个人就能得到。
07:45
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:46
And so we had cleaning清洁的 ladies女士们 voting表决
on a board meeting会议,
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于是我们的董事会上出现了
清洁工大妈在投票,
07:52
which哪一个 had a lot of other very important重要
people in suits西装 and ties联系.
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其他的都是西装革履的权高位重之人。
07:55
And the fact事实 is that they kept不停 us honest诚实.
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事实就是他们让我们始终保持坦诚。
07:58
This process处理, as we started开始 looking
at the people who came来了 to us,
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这个过程,当我们开始关注来应聘的人,
08:02
we'd星期三 say, now wait a second第二,
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我们会说,等一下,
08:04
people come to us and they say,
where am I supposed应该 to sit?
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来找我们的人会说,
我要坐在哪儿等呢?
08:07
How am I supposed应该 to work?
Where am I going to be in 5 years'年份' time?
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我要怎么工作?
工作5年之后我的职业发展是什么样子?
08:10
And we looked看着 at that and we said,
we have to start开始 much earlier.
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我们看着这种情况说,
我们得早点行动。
我们要从哪儿开始呢?
08:13
Where do we start开始?
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我们说,哦,
幼儿园看起来是个不错的地儿。
08:14
We said, oh, kindergarten幼儿园
seems似乎 like a good place地点.
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于是我们设立了一个基金,到目前为止,
在11年内已经开设了3所学校,
08:16
So we set up a foundation基础, which哪一个 now has,
for 11 years年份, three schools学校,
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08:21
where we started开始 asking
the same相同 questions问题,
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在那里我们开始问同样的问题,
08:23
how do you redesign重新设计 school学校 for wisdom智慧?
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你们要如何重新设计出更睿智的学校?
08:26
It is one thing to say,
we need to recycle回收 the teachers教师,
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总结一下可以这么说,
我们需要更新师资队伍,
08:29
we need the directors董事 to do more.
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我们需要校长做更多的事情。
08:31
But the fact事实 is that what we do
with education教育 is entirely完全 obsolete过时的.
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但事实是我们在教育上
做的事情已经完全过时了。
08:37
The teacher's教师 role角色 is entirely完全 obsolete过时的.
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教师的角色也已经完全过时了。
08:39
Going from a math数学 class, to biology生物学,
to 14th-centuryTH-世纪 France法国 is very silly愚蠢.
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上完数学课,去上生物课,
再了解下14世纪的法国,这简直太傻了。
08:45
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
08:50
So we started开始 thinking思维,
what could it look like?
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于是我们开始想,
新式的学校应该是什么样子呢?
08:52
And we put together一起 people,
including包含 people who like education教育,
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我们把大家聚在一起,
他们当中包括热爱教育的人们,
08:56
people like Paulo圣保罗 Freire弗莱雷,
and two ministers部长 of education教育 in Brazil巴西
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像保罗弗雷勒(巴西教育家,哲学家)
这样的人,还有巴西的教育部长们,
我们问,如果我们要
彻底重新建立一所学校,
09:01
and we said, if we were to design设计
a school学校 from scratch,
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09:04
what would it look like?
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应该是一所什么样的学校呢?
09:06
And so we created创建 this school学校,
which哪一个 is called LumiarLumiar,
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于是我们创立了这么一类学校,
叫做Lumiar,
09:09
and LumiarLumiar, one of them
is a public上市 school学校,
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其中一所是公立学校,
09:11
and LumiarLumiar says the following以下:
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Lumiar的口号是这样的:
09:13
Let's divide划分 this role角色
of the teacher老师 into two.
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我们要把教师的角色分成两部分。
09:17
One guy, we'll call a tutor导师.
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其中一部分我们叫他家庭教师。
09:20
A tutor导师, in the old sense of the Greek希腊语
"paideia派地亚": Look after the kid孩子.
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一个家庭教师,古希腊语称作"paideia“:
也就是照看孩子的人。
09:25
What's happening事件 at home,
what's their moment时刻 in life, etc等等..
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主要负责家里杂事,
他们生命中的重要时刻,等等。
09:29
But please don't teach,
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但是不要教课,
09:30
because the little you know compared相比
to Google谷歌, we don't want to know.
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因为你知道的那点儿东西跟谷歌比起来
根本不算什么,我们也不想知道。
你自己留着就好了。
09:33
Keep that to yourself你自己.
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09:34
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
现在,我们主要招募的是
具备如下两个条件的人:
09:36
Now, we'll bring带来 in people
who have two things:
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09:40
passion and expertise专门知识, and it could be
their profession职业 or not.
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有热情,并且具备专业能力,
不过未必要跟他们从事的职业相关。
09:44
And we use the senior前辈 citizens公民,
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我们雇佣年长一些的公民,
09:46
who are 25 percent百分 of the population人口
with wisdom智慧 that nobody没有人 wants anymore.
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他们占据了25%的人口,
具备其他人不具备的智慧。
09:50
So we bring带来 them to school学校 and we say,
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于是我们邀请他们来到学校,跟他们说,
09:53
teach these kids孩子 whatever随你
you really believe in.
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教会这些孩子你们所信仰的东西。
09:57
So we have violinists小提琴家 teaching教学 math数学.
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于是我们的小提琴家在教授数学。
09:59
We have all kinds of things where we say,
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在很多事情上我们都会说,
10:02
don't worry担心 about
the course课程 material材料 anymore.
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不要再担心教学材料了。
10:05
We have approximately 10 great threads线程
that go from 2 to 17.
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我们大概有针对2-17岁年龄的
10种绝佳的设想。
10:10
Things like, how do we measure测量
ourselves我们自己 as humans人类?
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例如,作为人类,我们要如何定位自己?
10:14
So there's a place地点 for math数学 and physics物理
and all that there.
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于是就有了一个教授数学
和物理等学科的地方。
10:18
How do we express表现 ourselves我们自己?
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我们要如何表达自己的想法和感受?
10:20
So there's a place地点
for music音乐 and literature文学, etc等等.,
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于是就有了一个教授音乐
和文学的地方,等等,
还有语法。
10:22
but also for grammar语法.
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我们还做了一些几乎所有人
都忘记了的事,
10:24
And then we have things
that everyone大家 has forgotten忘记了,
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10:27
which哪一个 are probably大概 the most
important重要 things in life.
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这些可能是生命中最重要的事。
生命中最重要的一些事,
我们却一无所知。
10:29
The very important重要 things in life,
we know nothing about.
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10:33
We know nothing about love,
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我们完全不了解爱,
10:35
we know nothing about death死亡,
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完全不了解死亡,
10:37
we know nothing about why we're here.
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我们完全不知道自己为什么会在这里。
10:39
So we need a thread线 in school学校 that
talks会谈 about everything we don't know.
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所以我们需要学校提供一些思路
告诉我们每一件我们不知道的事。
10:44
So that's a big part部分 of what we do.
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那就是我们工作的主要部分。
10:46
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
10:51
So over the years年份, we started开始 going
into other things.
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过去的这些年,我们开始涉足其他领域。
10:54
We'd星期三 say, why do we have to scold the kids孩子
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我们会问,为什么我们需要斥责孩子们,
10:57
and say, sit down and come here
and do that, and so forth向前.
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告诉他们坐下,过来,做那个,等等。
10:59
We said, let's get the kids孩子 to do
something we call a circle,
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我们决定让孩子们做一件
我们称之为周期的事,
也就是每周会面一次。
11:03
which哪一个 meets符合 once一旦 a week.
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11:04
And we'd星期三 say, you put the rules规则 together一起
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我们对他们说,你们自己制定规则,
11:06
and then you decide决定
what you want to do with it.
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然后自己来决定你们要怎么做。
11:09
So can you all hit击中 yourself你自己 on the head?
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那么你们能每周想出一个点子吗?
11:11
Sure, for a week, try.
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当然,花一周的时间试试看。
11:13
They came来了 up with the very same相同
rules规则 that we had,
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他们想到了跟我们制定的
规则一样的规矩,
11:17
except they're theirs他们的.
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只不过这是他们自己的点子。
11:18
And then, they have the power功率,
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然后他们就有权力了,
11:21
which哪一个 means手段, they can and do
suspend暂停 and expel驱逐 kids孩子
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也就是说他们能够让孩子们
停课甚至把他们开除,
11:26
so that we're not playing播放 school学校,
they really decide决定.
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这样一来就不是我们在运营学校,
他们才是真正做决定的人。
11:31
And then, in this same相同 vein静脉,
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然后,用同样的方式,
11:34
we keep a digital数字 mosaic镶嵌,
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我们保留了一个数码马赛克,
11:36
because this is not constructivist建构
or Montessori蒙特梭利 or something.
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因为这不是构成论法或者蒙特梭利
(意大利女医师及教育家)之类的教育法。
11:40
It's something where we keep
the Brazilian巴西人 curriculum课程
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我们的做法能够以600块马赛克的形式
11:44
with 600 tiles瓷砖 of a mosaic镶嵌,
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保留巴西的教育课程,
11:46
which哪一个 we want to expose暴露 these kids孩子
to by the time they're 17.
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希望这些孩子在17岁前都能够接触到。
11:49
And follow跟随 this all the time
and we know how they're doing
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我们一直在追踪他们的进度,
我们知道他们表现的如何,
11:52
and we say, you're not interested有兴趣
in this now, let's wait a year.
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我们会说,你现在对这个不太感兴趣,
再等一年看看。
11:56
And the kids孩子 are in groups
that don't have an age年龄 category类别,
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这些孩子被划分成了很多组,
但是并不以年龄为划分标准,
12:01
so the six-year-old六十岁 kid孩子
who is ready准备 for that with an 11-year-old-岁,
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于是6岁的孩子可以跟一个
11岁的孩子上同样的课,
12:04
that eliminates消除 all of the gangs帮派
and the groups
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这就消除了所有的帮派和团体,
12:07
and this stuff东东 that we have
in the schools学校, in general一般.
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通常这些现象在普通的学校都很常见。
12:11
And they have a zero
to 100 percent百分 grading等级,
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我们有0到100%的评分制度,
12:13
which哪一个 they do themselves他们自己 with an app应用
every一切 couple一对 of hours小时.
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每隔几个小时他们自己就用
应用软件给自己打分。
12:17
Until直到 we know they're 37 percent百分 of the
way we'd星期三 like them to be on this issue问题,
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直到我们认为他们已经掌握了
我们所要求的37%左右的技能,
12:21
so that we can send发送 them out in the world世界
with them knowing会心 enough足够 about it.
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我们就会把他们推到社会上去,
因为他们已经掌握了足够的知识技能。
12:26
And so the courses培训班 are World世界 Cup杯子 Soccer足球,
or building建造 a bicycle自行车.
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我们提供的的课程就是看世界杯足球赛,
或者拼装一辆自行车。
12:31
And people will sign标志 up for
a 45-day-天 course课程 on building建造 a bicycle自行车.
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学生们一般都会注册一个
45天的自行车组装课。
12:36
Now, try to build建立 a bicycle自行车 without
knowing会心 that piPI is 3.1416.
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尝试在不知道pi的值是3.1416的
情况下组装一辆自行车。
12:40
You can't.
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你们做不到吧。
12:42
And try, any one of you,
using运用 3.1416 for something.
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你们都试一下用3.1416做点什么。
12:47
You don't know anymore.
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你们应该都想不出来了。
12:48
So this is lost丢失 and that's what
we try to do there,
252
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也就是说这种能力已经丧失了,
这也正是我们在学校里教的,
12:51
which哪一个 is looking
for wisdom智慧 in that school学校.
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也就说在我们的学校里寻找智慧。
12:53
And that brings带来 us back to this graph图形
and this distribution分配 of our life.
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这就把我们带回了这幅蓝图,
以及我们生活的这种分布状态。
12:59
I accumulated积累 a lot of money
when I think about it.
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当我想到这个问题,我募集了很多钱。
13:01
When you think and you say,
now is the time to give back --
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你们仔细想想之后就会说,
现在是时候回馈社会了——
13:05
well, if you're giving back,
you took too much.
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不过,如果你想要回馈,
那就说明你已经拿的太多了。
13:08
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声)
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(笑声)(掌声)
13:16
I keep thinking思维 of Warren养兔场 Buffet自助餐
waking醒来 up one day
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我总是会想到沃伦·巴菲特
(美国投资家,“股神”)某天醒来,
13:19
and finding发现 out he has 30 billion十亿 dollars美元
more than he thought he had.
260
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3384
发现他拥有的资产比之前
想象的还要多300亿美元。
13:22
And he looks容貌 and he says,
what am I going to do with this?
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2792
他看着这个数字说道,
我要拿这些钱干点什么呢?
他说,我得把它给真正需要的人。
13:25
And he says, I'll give it to someone有人
who really needs需求 this.
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我要把它给比尔·盖茨。
(笑声)
13:28
I'll give it to Bill法案 Gates盖茨. (Laughter笑声)
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13:32
And my guy, who's谁是 my financial金融
advisor顾问 in New York纽约,
264
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3150
我在纽约的财务顾问,
13:35
he says, look, you're a silly愚蠢 guy
265
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1893
他说,看,你太傻了,
13:37
because you would have 4.1 times
more money today今天
266
805129
3273
如果你用钱生钱,
而不是把它们捐出去,
13:40
if you had made制作 money with money
instead代替 of sharing分享 as you go.
267
808402
4260
你现在就会拥有相当于
之前4.1倍的资产了。
13:44
But I like sharing分享 as you go better.
268
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1812
不过我还是更喜欢把它们捐出去。
13:46
(Applause掌声)
269
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3306
(笑声)
13:49
I taught MBAs工商管理硕士 at MITMIT for a time
270
817786
4272
我以前在麻省理工给MBA学生们上过课,
13:54
and I ended结束 up, one day,
at the Mount安装 Auburn奥本 Cemetery公墓.
271
822058
2606
有一天我路过 Mount Auburn公墓。
13:56
It is a beautiful美丽 cemetery公墓 in Cambridge剑桥.
272
824664
1944
这片坐落在剑桥镇的公墓很漂亮。
13:58
And I was walking步行 around.
It was my birthday生日 and I was thinking思维.
273
826608
3042
我在公墓里走来走去。
那天是我的生日,我在思考。
14:01
And the first time around,
I saw these tombstones墓碑
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第一次,我看到了这些墓碑,
14:04
and these wonderful精彩 people
who'd谁愿意 doneDONE great things
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2773
还有这些建立了丰功伟绩的出色的人们,
14:06
and I thought, what do I want
to be remembered记得 for?
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3882
我就在想,
我想要别人因为什么记住我呢?
14:10
And I did another另一个 stroll漫步 around,
277
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1596
我又在墓地里绕了一圈,
14:12
and the second第二 time,
another另一个 question came来了 to me,
278
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2445
第二次,我又想到了一个问题,
14:14
which哪一个 did me better, which哪一个 was,
279
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2303
对我更有帮助,
14:17
why do I want to be remembered记得 at all?
280
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2887
为什么我要让人们记住我呢?
14:20
(Laughter笑声)
281
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2137
(笑声)
14:22
And that, I think,
took me different不同 places地方.
282
850257
2821
我觉得是这种想法把
我带去了不同的地方。
14:25
When I was 50, my wife妻子 Fernanda费尔南达 and I
satSAT for a whole整个 afternoon下午,
283
853078
4248
在我50岁的时候,
我和妻子费尔南德花了一个下午,
14:29
we had a big pit with fire,
284
857326
2182
我们有一个大火坑,
14:31
and I threw everything I had ever
doneDONE into that fire.
285
859508
3576
我把自己过去的所有成就
全都付之一炬了。
14:35
This is a book in 38 languages语言,
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863084
2387
有一本被译成了38种语言的书,
14:37
hundreds数以百计 and hundreds数以百计 of articles用品
and DVDsDVD光盘, everything there was.
287
865471
3547
成百上千的文章和DVD,
几乎所有手边的东西。
14:41
And that did two things.
288
869018
1420
这就产生了两个结果。
14:42
One, it freed释放 our five kids孩子
from following以下 in our steps脚步, our shadow阴影 --
289
870438
4925
一个是解放了我们的5个孩子,他们不需要
继承我们的家业,生活在我们的阴影中——
14:47
They don't know what I do.
290
875363
1656
他们不会知道我做了什么。
14:49
(Laughter笑声)
291
877019
1224
(笑声)
14:50
Which哪一个 is good.
292
878243
1309
这很好。
14:51
And I'm not going to take them somewhere某处
293
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1925
我也不会把他们带去什么地方,
14:53
and say, one day
all of this will be yours你的.
294
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跟他们说,
有一天这一切都会是你们的。
14:55
(Laughter笑声)
295
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1557
(笑声)
14:57
The five kids孩子 know nothing, which哪一个 is good.
296
885428
3532
这五个孩子一无所知,这很好。
15:00
And the second第二 thing is,
297
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1681
第二个就是,
15:02
I freed释放 myself from this anchor
of past过去 achievement成就 or whatever随你.
298
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4698
我把自己从过去的成就之类的
东西中解放了出来。
15:07
I'm free自由 to start开始 something new every一切 time
and to decide决定 things from scratch
299
895339
4498
我可以自由的利用
那些终结日做些新鲜事儿,
15:11
in part部分 of those terminal终奌站 days.
300
899837
2121
从零开始做决定。
15:13
And some people would say,
301
901958
1417
一些人会说,
15:15
oh, so now you have this time,
these terminal终奌站 days,
302
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2538
噢,现在你有了这些终结日里的时间,
15:17
and so you go out and do everything.
303
905913
1858
可以走出去做任何事。
15:19
No, we've我们已经 been to the beaches海滩,
304
907771
2322
不是的,我们去过了海滩,
15:22
so we've我们已经 been to Samoa萨摩亚 and Maldives马尔代夫
and Mozambique莫桑比克,
305
910093
2562
我们去了萨摩亚群岛,
马尔代夫,和莫桑比克,
15:24
so that's doneDONE.
306
912655
1766
这些都做过了。
15:26
I've climbed爬上 mountains in the Himalayas喜马拉雅山.
307
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2109
我爬过了喜马拉雅的山峰。
15:28
I've gone走了 down 60 meters to see
hammerhead锤头 sharks鲨鱼.
308
916530
3871
我也下潜到过60米的深海,
见到了锤头鲨。
15:32
I've spent花费 59 days on the back of a camel骆驼
from Chad乍得 to Timbuktu廷巴克图.
309
920401
4551
我花了59天的时间骑着骆驼从乍得(中非国家)
到了延巴克图(西非马里共和国城市)。
15:36
I've gone走了 to the magnetic磁性
North Pole on a dog sled雪橇.
310
924952
3991
我坐着雪橇犬拉的爬犁到过北磁极。
15:40
So, we've我们已经 been busy.
311
928943
1776
我们一直很忙。
15:42
It's what I'd like to call
my empty bucket list名单.
312
930719
6003
我把这叫做空清单。
15:48
(Laughter笑声)
313
936722
2979
(笑声)
15:51
And with this rationale合理,
I look at these days and I think,
314
939701
3557
带着这种逻辑,
我回顾这些日子,我就想,
15:55
I'm not retired退休.
I don't feel retired退休 at all.
315
943258
2519
我还没退休呢。
我一点也没觉得自己已经退休了。
15:57
And so I'm writing写作 a new book.
316
945777
2141
于是我又开始写一本新书。
15:59
We started开始 three new companies公司
in the last two years年份.
317
947918
3813
我们在过去的两年里
又开设了3个新公司。
我现在正在努力让这种教育系统
面向全世界免费开放,
16:03
I'm now working加工 on getting得到 this
school学校 system系统 for free自由 out into the world世界,
318
951731
5203
16:08
and I've found发现, very interestingly有趣 enough足够,
that nobody没有人 wants it for free自由.
319
956934
3429
我还发现一个非常有趣的现象,
没有人希望免费的接受这种教育。
我已经尝试了10年,
16:12
And so I've been trying for 10 years年份
320
960387
1938
想让公共系统接受这种教育理念,
16:14
to get the public上市 system系统
to take over this school学校 rationale合理,
321
962325
3425
比如让我们目前的公立学校,
16:17
much as the public上市 schools学校 we have,
322
965750
2395
不再使用43/100的评分制度,
16:20
which哪一个 has instead代替 of 43 out of 100,
as their rating评分, as their grades等级,
323
968145
4697
16:24
has 91 out of 100.
324
972842
2689
而是使用91/100的制度。
16:27
But for free自由, nobody没有人 wants it.
325
975531
2433
但是如果免费,没有人想要。
16:29
So maybe we'll start开始 charging充电 for it
and then it will go somewhere某处.
326
977964
3194
所以可能我们要开始收点钱,
慢慢的人们就会接受它。
16:33
But getting得到 this out is one
of the things we want to do.
327
981158
3781
但是让这个办法奏效是我们的目的之一。
16:36
And I think what this leaves树叶 us
as a message信息 for all of you,
328
984939
3317
我觉得这就给我们所有人
留下了一个信息,
16:40
I think is a little bit like this:
329
988256
1752
我觉得可以这样理解:
16:42
We've我们已经 all learned学到了
how to go on Sunday星期日 night
330
990008
3157
我们都知道如何在周日晚上
在家里收发邮件和工作。
16:45
to email电子邮件 and work from home.
331
993165
2417
16:47
But very few少数 of us have learned学到了
332
995582
1710
但是我们当中很少有人知道
如何在周一下午去看电影。
16:49
how to go to the movies电影
on Monday星期一 afternoon下午.
333
997292
3130
16:52
And if we're looking for wisdom智慧,
we need to learn学习 to do that as well.
334
1000422
4101
如果我们在寻找智慧,
我们就也需要知道如何做到这一点。
16:56
And so, what we've我们已经 doneDONE all
of these years年份 is very simple简单,
335
1004523
3650
所以我们这些年做的事情其实很简单,
17:00
is use the little tool工具,
which哪一个 is ask three whys个为什么 in a row.
336
1008173
3172
比如利用一些小技巧,
也就是同时问三个为什么。
17:03
Because the first why
you always have a good answer回答 for.
337
1011345
2761
因为第一个问题你总是有
一个很好的答案。
17:06
The second第二 why,
it starts启动 getting得到 difficult.
338
1014106
2415
第二个问题,就有点难了。
17:08
By the third第三 why, you don't really know
why you're doing what you're doing.
339
1016521
3939
到了第三个问题,
你根本不知道为何你要做现在正在做的事。
17:12
What I want to leave离开 you with is the seed种子
and the thought that maybe if you do this,
340
1020460
6228
我想让这种想法在你们的头脑中扎根,
可能如果你们这么做了,
会遇到一个问题,为什么要做这个呢?
17:18
you will come to the question, what for?
341
1026688
2756
17:21
What am I doing this for?
342
1029444
1502
我现在做的事是为了什么呢?
17:22
And hopefully希望, as a result结果 of that,
and over time,
343
1030946
2881
希望随着时间过去,可以得到这样的结果,
17:25
I hope希望 that with this,
and that's what I'm wishing希望 you,
344
1033827
3133
我希望,也是对你们的期待,
17:28
you'll你会 have a much wiser聪明 future未来.
345
1036960
2703
你们会有一个更睿智的未来。
谢谢大家。
17:31
Thank you very much.
346
1039663
1785
17:33
(Applause掌声)
347
1041448
7539
(掌声)
17:45
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: So Ricardo里卡多,
you're kind of crazy.
348
1053957
5087
Chris Anderson(以下称CA):
那么里卡多,您还真是疯狂啊。
17:51
(Laughter笑声)
349
1059044
1825
(笑声)
17:52
To many许多 people, this seems似乎 crazy.
350
1060869
3180
对于很多人来说,这看起来很疯狂。
17:56
And yet然而 so deeply wise明智的, also.
351
1064049
3389
不过也蕴藏了很深的智慧。
17:59
The pieces I'm trying
to put together一起 are this:
352
1067438
2909
我想试着总结一下:
18:02
Your ideas思路 are so radical激进.
353
1070347
2095
您的理念非常的前卫。
18:04
How, in business商业, for example,
these ideas思路 have been out for a while,
354
1072442
5049
比如说,在商业中,
这些理念一直被排斥在外,
18:10
probably大概 the percentage百分比 of businesses企业
that have taken采取 some of them
355
1078191
3210
可能采用这些理念的公司
18:13
is still quite相当 low.
356
1081401
1902
比例还是非常低的。
18:15
Are there any times you've seen看到
some big company公司
357
1083303
2898
有没有哪次你见到某个大公司
18:18
take on one of your ideas思路
and you've gone走了, "Yes!"?
358
1086201
3629
采纳了您的某个理念,
而您也接受了呢?
18:21
Ricardo里卡多 Semler塞姆勒: It happens发生.
It happened发生 about two weeks ago
359
1089830
2797
Ricardo Semier(以下称RS):
这种情况发生过,大概两周前吧,
18:24
with Richard理查德 Branson布兰森,
with his people saying,
360
1092627
2210
理查德·布兰森
(英国维珍集团执行长)的人说,
18:26
oh, I don't want to control控制
your holidays假期 anymore,
361
1094837
2532
哦,我再也不想过问你的假期了,
或者Netflix(美国最大的在线DVD租赁商)
也做了一些类似的事情,
18:29
or NetflixNetflix公司 does a little bit
of this and that,
362
1097369
2184
不过我不觉得这很重要。
18:31
but I don't think it's very important重要.
363
1099553
2327
18:33
I'd like to see it happen发生 maybe a little
bit in a bit of a missionary传教士 zeal热情,
364
1101880
3754
我希望看到它以类似
传教的形式被传播,
18:37
but that's a very personal个人 one.
365
1105634
1574
不过这只是我个人的观点。
18:39
But the fact事实 is that it takes a leap飞跃
of faith信仰 about losing失去 control控制.
366
1107208
4212
不过事实是它很快就会成为
带有失控风险的一种信念飞跃。
18:43
And almost几乎 nobody没有人 who is in control控制
is ready准备 to take leaps飞跃 of faith信仰.
367
1111420
3296
几乎没有哪个有控制力的人会
接受信念的飞跃。
18:46
It will have to come from kids孩子
and other people
368
1114716
2340
它会首先在孩子,或者以不同方式在
18:49
who are starting开始 companies公司
in a different不同 way.
369
1117056
2242
创业者身上发生。
18:51
CACA: So that's the key thing?
370
1119298
1508
CA:所以这就是关键所在吗?
18:52
From your point of view视图
the evidence证据 is there,
371
1120806
2199
依据您的观点,证据就在那里,
从一个商业的观点来看这是可行的,
18:55
in the business商业 point of view视图 this works作品,
372
1123005
1996
不过人们就是没有勇气去——
闪电般的立刻行动。
18:57
but people just don't have
the courage勇气 to -- (Whoosh)
373
1125001
2708
18:59
RSRS: They don't even have the incentive激励.
374
1127709
2122
RS:他们根本就没有动机。
你正在运作一个有90天授权的公司。
19:01
You're running赛跑 a company公司
with a 90-day-天 mandate要求.
375
1129831
2756
19:04
It's a quarterly季刊 report报告.
376
1132587
1879
这是个季度报告。
19:06
If you're not good in 90 days, you're out.
377
1134466
2218
如果你在90天内没有好的表现,
你就得出局。
19:08
So you say, "Here's这里的 a great program程序 that,
in less than one generation --"
378
1136684
3921
如果你说,”这里有个很不错的项目,
只用不到一代人的时间——“
19:12
And the guy says, "Get out of here."
379
1140605
1924
对方就会说,”你可以离开这儿了。“
19:14
So this is the problem问题.
380
1142529
1891
这就是问题。
19:16
(Laughter笑声)
381
1144420
2915
(笑声)
19:19
CACA: What you're trying to do in education教育
seems似乎 to me incredibly令人难以置信 profound深刻.
382
1147335
5316
CA:您在教育领域尝试做的事情
在我看来具有极其深刻的意义。
19:24
Everyone大家 is bothered困扰 about
their country's education教育 system系统.
383
1152651
4498
每个人对自己国家的
教育系统都颇有微词。
19:29
No one thinks that
we've我们已经 caught抓住 up yet然而 to a world世界
384
1157149
2773
没人觉得我们已经步入了一个
19:31
where there's Google谷歌 and all these
technological技术性 options选项.
385
1159922
2950
可以自由使用谷歌和各种技术的世界。
19:34
So you've got actual实际 evidence证据 now that
the kids孩子 so far going through通过 your system系统,
386
1162872
3870
您现在已经有了确切的证据,
从您的教育系统中走出来的孩子们,
19:38
there's a dramatic戏剧性 increase增加
in performance性能.
387
1166742
2552
都在能力上有了飞跃性的进步。
19:41
How do we help you move移动
these ideas思路 forward前锋?
388
1169294
2565
那么我们要如何帮助您推广这种理念呢?
19:43
RSRS: I think it's that problem问题
of ideas思路 whose谁的 time has come.
389
1171859
3984
RS:我认为理念问题的时代已经来临了。
19:48
And I've never been very evangelical福音
about these things.
390
1176750
3502
我从来就没有觉得这些是
需要传播的福音。
19:52
We put it out there.
391
1180252
1541
我们就把它放在那儿。
19:53
Suddenly突然, you find people --
392
1181793
1445
突然,你就发现人们——
在日本有一群人,
让我感到很不安,
19:55
there's a group in Japan日本,
which哪一个 scares恐慌 me very much,
393
1183238
2515
19:57
which哪一个 is called the SemleristsSemlerists,
and they have 120 companies公司.
394
1185753
3165
他们被称作塞姆勒主义者,
他们拥有120所公司。
20:00
They've他们已经 invited邀请 me.
I've always been scared害怕 to go.
395
1188918
4371
他们邀请过我。
我总是觉得很恐慌,不太想去。
20:05
And there is a group in Holland荷兰
that has 600 small, Dutch荷兰人 companies公司.
396
1193289
5175
在荷兰有一个组织,
有600个小型荷兰公司。
20:10
It's something that
will flourish繁荣 on its own拥有.
397
1198464
2677
它们能够自己蓬勃发展。
20:13
Part部分 of it will be wrong错误,
and it doesn't matter.
398
1201141
2491
其中一部分会出现问题,
但是没关系。
20:15
This will find its own拥有 place地点.
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这一部分会自己找到立足之地。
20:17
And I'm afraid害怕
of the other one, which哪一个 says,
400
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让我感到害怕的是另一部分,
他们会说,
20:20
this is so good you've got to do this.
401
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这个很不错,你应该去做一下。
20:22
Let's set up a system系统
and put lots of money into it
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我们来建立一个系统,投一些钱进去,
然后人们无论如何都会做下去。
20:24
and then people will do it no matter what.
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20:27
CACA: So you have asked
extraordinary非凡 questions问题 your whole整个 life.
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CA:那么您这一生已经问了
很多卓越的问题。
20:30
It seems似乎 to me that's the fuel汽油
that's driven驱动 a lot of this.
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在我看来这些都是这一切发生的动力。
20:33
Do you have any other questions问题 for us,
for TEDTED, for this group here?
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您还有什么其他问题要问我们,
或者TED,或者在座的观众吗?
20:39
RSRS: I always come back
to variations变化 of the question
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RS:我总是会回想我儿子在三岁的时候
20:43
that my son儿子 asked me when he was three.
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问过的各种各样的问题。
20:47
We were sitting坐在 in a jacuzzi按摩浴缸,
and he said, "Dad, why do we exist存在?"
409
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我们坐在按摩浴缸里,
他说,”爸爸,我们为什么会存在?“
20:51
There is no other question.
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没有别的问题了。
20:52
Nobody没有人 has any other question.
411
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也没人问过其他的问题。
20:54
We have variations变化 of this one question,
from three onwards向前.
412
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3989
从三岁以后,我们就有了很多基于
这同一个问题的千变万化的问题。
20:58
So when you spend time in a company公司,
in a bureaucracy官僚, in an organization组织
413
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当你花时间在公司,在政府,在某个组织,
21:03
and you're saying, boy男孩 --
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你会说,孩子——
21:05
how many许多 people do you know
who on their death死亡 beds said,
415
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你认识多少人临终前会说,
21:07
boy男孩, I wish希望 I had spent花费
more time at the office办公室?
416
1255859
2405
孩子,我希望把更多的时间花在办公室?
21:10
So there's a whole整个 thing
of having the courage勇气 now --
417
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所以现在有件需要你拿出勇气的事——
21:15
not in a week, not in two months个月,
418
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不是一个星期,不是2个月,
21:17
not when you find out
you have something --
419
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也不是当你突然有了什么想法——
21:19
to say, no, what am I doing this for?
420
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你要说,不,我做这个是为了什么呢?
21:22
Stop everything. Let me do something else其他.
421
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先停下。做点别的事情吧。
21:24
And it will be okay,
422
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一切都会好的,
21:26
it will be much better
than what you're doing,
423
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会比你现在做的事情要好得多,
21:28
if you're stuck卡住 in a process处理.
424
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如果你在某件事情中困住了。
21:31
CACA: So that strikes罢工 me as a profound深刻
and quite相当 beautiful美丽 way to end结束
425
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CA:这就让我能够以一种
深刻和美妙的方式
21:34
this penultimate倒数第二 day of TEDTED.
426
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结束倒数第二天的TED讲座。
21:36
Ricardo里卡多 Semler塞姆勒, thank you so much.
427
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里卡多·塞姆勒,非常感谢!
21:37
RSRS: Thank you so much.
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RS:谢谢大家。
21:39
(Applause掌声)
429
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(掌声)
Translated by Rocky LIANG
Reviewed by Min Wang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ricardo Semler - Organizational changemaker
Two decades after transforming a struggling equipment supplier into a radically democratic and resilient (and successful) company, Ricardo Semler wants organizations to become wise.

Why you should listen
After assuming control of Semler & Company (Semco) from his father in 1980, Brazil's Ricardo Semler began a decades-long quest to create an organization that could function without him, by studying and then implementing what could best be called "corporate democracy", allowing employees to design their own jobs, select their supervisors, and define pay levels. He has then applied the same principles to education, banking and hospitality. All with very good results.

He's now promoting the idea of designing organizations -- companies, schools, NGOs -- for wisdom. With a question as a starting point: If we were to start from scratch, would we design organization X the way we have done it?
More profile about the speaker
Ricardo Semler | Speaker | TED.com