ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Safdie - Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space.

Why you should listen

Moshe Safdie's master's thesis quickly became a cult building: his modular "Habitat '67" apartments for Montreal Expo '67. Within a dizzying pile of concrete, each apartment was carefully sited to have natural light and a tiny, private outdoor space for gardening. These themes have carried forward throughout Safdie's career -- his buildings tend to soak in the light, and to hold cozy, user-friendly spaces inside larger gestures.

He's a triple citizen of Canada, Israel and the United States, three places where the bulk of his buildings can be found: in Canada, the National Gallery in Ottawa, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Vancouver public library. For Yad Vashem, the Holocaust museum in Jerusalem, he designed the Children's Memorial and the Memorial to the Deportees; he's also built airport terminals in Tel Aviv. In the US, he designed the elegant and understated Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Masachusetts, and the Crystal Bridges Museum in Arkansas.

More profile about the speaker
Moshe Safdie | Speaker | TED.com
TED2002

Moshe Safdie: Building uniqueness

Moshe Safdie关于建筑独特性的演讲

Filmed:
615,508 views

回顾作为建筑师的职业生涯,Moshe Safdie讨论了设计的四个工程,并且阐述了是什么使得每一个工程对于座落的地点和使用者都具有独特的意义。
- Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
So, what I'd like to talk about is something
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我将要说的是
00:17
that was very dear to Kahn's卡恩 heart, which哪一个 is:
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非常接近于Karen,那就是
00:19
how do we discover发现 what is really particular特定 about a project项目?
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我们怎么能真正让一件工程变得独一无二?
00:22
How do you discover发现 the uniqueness独特性 of a project项目 as unique独特 as a person?
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怎样才能发现想每个人一样独一无二的工程的独特性,
00:28
Because it seems似乎 to me that finding发现 this uniqueness独特性
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因为在我看来,发现这种独特性
00:31
has to do with dealing交易 with the whole整个 force of globalization全球化;
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和全球化的趋势有关:
00:41
that the particular特定 is central中央 to finding发现 the uniqueness独特性 of place地点
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最重要的是发现地点的独特性
00:47
and the uniqueness独特性 of a program程序 in a building建造.
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和项目的独特性,这需要通过对于建筑的研究后得出。
00:50
And so I'll take you to Wichita威奇托, Kansas堪萨斯,
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我向你们介绍位于堪萨斯州的Whichita,
00:54
where I was asked some years年份 ago to do a science科学 museum博物馆
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在几年前我被要求建造一座自然博物馆
00:57
on a site现场, right downtown市中心 by the river.
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在靠近商业区的河边。
01:02
And I thought the secret秘密 of the site现场 was to make the building建造 of the river, part部分 of the river.
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我认为这个地点的独特在于使建筑成为河的一部分。
01:08
Unfortunately不幸, though虽然, the site现场 was separated分离 from the river by McLean麦克莱恩 Boulevard林荫大道
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但不幸的是,这个地点和河之间被McLean大道隔开了。
01:13
so I suggested建议, "Let's reroute重新路由 McLean麦克莱恩,"
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所以我建议调整McLean大道。
01:16
and that gave birth分娩 instantly即刻 to Friends of McLean麦克莱恩 Boulevard林荫大道.
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这就导致了McLean大道的再生。
01:20
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:25
And it took six months个月 to reroute重新路由 it.
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调整这条道路花费了六个月的时间。
01:28
The first image图片 I showed显示 the building建造 committee委员会 was
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我首先给建筑评审团们展示的是
01:34
this astronomic天文 observatory天文台 of Jantar Mantar天文台 in Jaipur斋浦尔
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位于Jaipur的Jantar Mantar天文观测台,
01:39
because I talked about what makes品牌 a building建造 a building建造 of science科学.
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因为我讨论的是什么使这个建筑成为科学的建筑。
01:45
And it seemed似乎 to me that this structure结构体 -- complex复杂, rich丰富 and yet然而
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依我看来是它的结构,复杂度,丰富度,以及
01:51
totally完全 rational合理的: it's an instrument仪器 -- had something to do with science科学,
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完全可以理解的,它是一个和科学相关的工具,
01:54
and somehow不知何故 a building建造 for science科学 should be different不同 and unique独特 and speak说话 of that.
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在某种程度上科学相关的建筑应该是独特的。
01:59
And so my first sketch草图 after I left was to say,
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所以我最初的设想是,
02:01
"Let's cut the channel渠道 and make an island and make an island building建造."
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切断河道,形成一个岛,最终构造一个岛上的建筑。
02:07
And I got all excited兴奋 and came来了 back, and
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我感到很兴奋,来告诉他们,
02:10
they sort分类 of looked看着 at me in dismay沮丧 and said, "An island?
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他们却失望得看着我,说,一个岛?
02:13
This used to be an island -- Ackerman阿克曼 Island --
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这里曾经有一个岛,Ackerman岛,
02:15
and we filled填充 in the channel渠道 during the Depression萧条 to create创建 jobs工作."
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但在大萧条时为了创造就业机会填平了河道。
02:18
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:21
And so the process处理 began开始 and they said,
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所以当这项工程开始时他们说
02:24
"You can't put it all on an island;
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你不能全建在一个岛上,
02:26
some of it has to be on the mainland大陆 because
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一部分必须要在大陆上,因为
02:28
we don't want to turn our back to the community社区."
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我们不想让社会倒退。
02:31
And there emerged出现 a design设计: the galleries画廊 sort分类 of forming成型 an island
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然后就产生了一个设计,像形成一个岛一样的会展,
02:35
and you could walk步行 through通过 them or on the roof屋顶.
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你可以从里面或房顶经过,
02:38
And there were all kinds of exciting扣人心弦 features特征:
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但还是会有很多令人兴奋的景观。
02:41
you could come in through通过 the landside滑坡 buildings房屋,
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你可以经过陆地上的建筑,
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walk步行 through通过 the galleries画廊 into playgrounds游乐场 in the landscape景观.
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通过会馆到达平台-这里能看到景色。
02:47
If you were cheap低廉 you could walk步行 on top最佳 of a bridge to the roof屋顶,
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你要是没钱的话可以通过桥走向屋顶,
02:50
peek窥视 in the exhibits展品 and then get totally完全 seduced诱惑,
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看到景观后往回,
02:54
come back and pay工资 the five dollars美元 admission入场.
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走回来然后付五美元门票钱。
02:56
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:58
And the client客户 was happy快乐 -- well, sort分类 of happy快乐
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观众们很开心,
03:00
because we were four million百万 dollars美元 over the budget预算, but essentially实质上 happy快乐.
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因为我们发自内心得开心,尽管比预算多了四百万美元。
03:04
But I was still troubled苦恼, and I was troubled苦恼 because I felt this was capricious任性.
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但我还有一点困扰,因为我觉得变化有些多了。
03:10
It was complex复杂, but there was something capricious任性 about its complexity复杂.
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这是复杂的,但在复杂之外又多了些变化。
03:15
It was, what I would say, compositional成分 complexity复杂,
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这个,我说是,结构上的复杂
03:18
and I felt that if I had to fulfill履行 what I talked about --
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并且我觉得如果要实现我讲的东西,
03:23
a building建造 for science科学 -- there had to be some kind of a generating发电 idea理念,
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阐述科学的建筑,需要有一些创新的观点=
03:26
some kind of a generating发电 geometry几何.
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比如一些新颖的几何图形。
03:29
And this gave birth分娩 to the idea理念 of having toroidal环形 generating发电 geometry几何,
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这就产生了环形结构,
03:34
one with its center中央 deep in the earth地球 for the landside滑坡 building建造
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围绕着的中心在很深的地下,
03:38
and a toroid环形 with its center中央 in the sky天空 for the island building建造.
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通过环形结构到达岛上建筑的上面。
03:44
A toroid环形, for those who don't know,
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圆环,对于不了解的人来说,
03:46
is the surface表面 of a doughnut甜甜圈 or, for some of us, a bagel面包圈.
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像是甜甜圈的表面,或者是百吉饼。
03:50
And out of this idea理念 started开始 spinning纺织 off many许多,
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在这个想法外又产生了
03:54
many许多 kinds of variations变化 of different不同 plans计划 and possibilities可能性,
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许多不同计划和可能性的变形
03:59
and then the plan计划 itself本身 evolved进化 in relationship关系 to the exhibits展品,
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然后规划本身围绕着展览形成,
04:03
and you see the intersection路口 of the plan计划 with the toroidal环形 geometry几何.
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你可以看到规划中环形结构的交叉部分。
04:09
And finally最后 the building建造 -- this is the model模型.
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最后是整个建筑-这是个模型。
04:12
And when there were complaints投诉 about budget预算, I said,
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每当有人抱怨预算时,我说,
04:14
"Well, it's worth价值 doing the island because you get twice两次 for your money: reflections思考."
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因为镜像的原因你可以实现两倍的钱的效果,所以值得建造这个岛。
04:20
And here's这里的 the building建造 as it opened打开,
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这是当建筑刚开张的时候,
04:23
with a channel渠道 overlooking俯瞰 downtown市中心, and as seen看到 from downtown市中心.
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有一个通道可以俯瞰市中心,看下去的时候
04:28
And the bike自行车 route's路由的 going right through通过 the building建造,
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自行车道正好穿过建筑,
04:31
so those traveling旅行 the river would see the exhibits展品 and be drawn to the building建造.
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所以路过河的人能到看到展览并被吸引到建筑中。
04:40
The toroidal环形 geometry几何 made制作 for a very efficient高效 building建造:
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环形结构使得建筑非常有效。
04:43
every一切 beam光束 in this building建造 is the same相同 radius半径, all laminated层压 wood.
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建筑中的每个横梁都是同样的半径和木质。
04:48
Every一切 wall, every一切 concrete具体 wall is resisting抵制 the stresses应力 and supporting支持 the building建造.
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每一个墙和水泥墙,都承受着压力并支撑着建筑。
04:54
Every一切 piece of the building建造 works作品.
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建筑的每一部分都有各自的用途。
04:57
These are the galleries画廊 with the light coming未来 in through通过 the skylights天窗,
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有些会馆阳光可以照射进来
05:02
and at night, and on opening开盘 day.
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,在晚上和白天。
05:08
Going back to 1976.
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在1976年-
05:11
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
05:16
In 1976, I was asked to design设计 a children's儿童 memorial纪念馆 museum博物馆
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-在1976年我被要求设计一个儿童的纪念馆
05:21
in a Holocaust大屠杀 museum博物馆 in Yad屠杀 Vashem大屠杀纪念馆 in Jerusalem耶路撒冷,
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在Jerusalem中Yad Vashem的大屠杀纪念馆中,
05:25
which哪一个 you see here the campus校园.
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这里你可以看到-一个校园。
05:28
I was asked to do a building建造,
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我被要求设计这个建筑,
05:30
and I was given特定 all the artifacts文物 of clothing服装 and drawings图纸.
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我有所有的衣服和图片的艺术品。
05:36
And I felt very troubled苦恼.
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我感到很困扰。
05:38
I worked工作 on it for months个月 and I couldn't不能 deal合同 with it
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我工作了几个月却并不能做出什么,
05:40
because I felt people were coming未来 out of the historic历史性 museum博物馆,
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因为我觉得人们从历史博物馆中出来,
05:43
they are totally完全 saturated饱和的 with information信息
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他们已经信息饱和了,
05:46
and to see yet然而 another另一个 museum博物馆 with information信息,
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当又要参观一个充满信息的博物馆时
05:49
it would make them just unable无法 to digest消化.
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会感到难以消化的
05:53
And so I made制作 a counter-proposal反建议:
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所以我做了一个相反的计划。
05:55
I said, "No building建造." There was a cave洞穴 on the site现场; we tunnel隧道 into the hill爬坡道,
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我说,不要建筑;因为那里有个洞穴,我们挖隧道进去,
06:02
descend降落 through通过 the rock into an underground地下 chamber.
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顺着岩石一直到地下的展室。
06:08
There's an anteroom接待室 with photographs照片 of children孩子 who perished遇难
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通过一个挂满了死去儿童照片的前厅,
06:12
and then you come into a large space空间.
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你会来到一个开阔地带。
06:16
There is a single candle蜡烛 flickering闪烁 in the center中央;
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这里有一个蜡烛,在中心闪烁。
06:20
by an arrangement安排 of reflective反光 glasses眼镜, it reflects反映 into infinity无穷 in all directions方向.
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通过安置很多反射镜,蜡烛的光可以射向各个方向。
06:27
You walk步行 through通过 the space空间, a voice语音 reads the names,
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当你经过这里,有一个声音念着小孩们的名字,
06:32
ages年龄 and place地点 of birth分娩 of the children孩子.
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年龄和出生地区
06:34
This voice语音 does not repeat重复 for six months个月.
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这些声音每半年会更换。
06:37
And then you descend降落 to light and to the north and to life.
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然后你会到达亮光的北方,充满生机。
06:42
Well, they said, "People won't惯于 understand理解,
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但是,他们说,人们不会懂的-
06:44
they'll他们会 think it's a discotheque迪斯科舞厅. You can't do that."
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他们认为这是一个迪斯科舞厅,你不能这样做。
06:46
And they shelved搁置 the project项目. And it satSAT there for 10 years年份,
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所以他们否决了这个设计,耽搁了10年。
06:50
and then one day Abe安倍晋三 Spiegel明镜 from Los洛杉矶 Angeles洛杉矶,
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直到有一天洛杉矶的Ed Spiegel,
06:54
who had lost丢失 his three-year-old三十岁 son儿子 at Auschwitz奥斯威辛,
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他在奥斯维辛集中营中失去了他3岁的儿子,
06:57
came来了, saw the model模型, wrote the check and it got built内置 10 years年份 later后来.
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当他看到这个模型,马上写了支票,所以这个建筑终于能够在10年之后得以建造。
07:03
So, many许多 years年份 after that in 1998,
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很多年之后,在1988年,
07:07
I was on one of my monthly每月一次 trips旅行 to Jerusalem耶路撒冷
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在我去耶路撒冷的月度旅行中,
07:11
and I got a call from the foreign国外 ministry saying,
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接到了外国大使馆的电话,
07:14
"We've我们已经 got the Chief首席 Minister部长 of the Punjab旁遮普 here.
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说旁遮普的总理来了
07:20
He is on a state visit访问. We took him on a visit访问 to Yad屠杀 Vashem大屠杀纪念馆,
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他是来进行国事访问的。我们带他参观了Yad Vashem,
07:26
we took him to the children's儿童 memorial纪念馆; he was extremely非常 moved移动.
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我们带他到了儿童纪念馆,他非常感动。
07:29
He's demanding严格 to meet遇到 the architect建筑师. Could you come down and meet遇到 him in Tel联系电话 Aviv特拉维夫?"
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他要求会见这个设计师,在Tel Avivi和他见面。
07:32
And I went down and Chief首席 Minister部长 Badal巴达尔 said to me,
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然后我去了,总理和我说,
07:37
"We Sikhs锡克教徒 have suffered遭遇 a great deal合同, as you have Jews犹太人.
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我们锡克民族也受过很大的灾难,和犹太民族一样。
07:42
I was very moved移动 by what I saw today今天.
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我对于我今天所见到的很受感动。
07:45
We are going to build建立 our national国民 museum博物馆 to tell the story故事 of our people;
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我们要建造一座自己的国家博物馆来展示我们的历史;
07:49
we're about to embark从事 on that.
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我们希望能从这得到振兴。
07:51
I'd like you to come and design设计 it."
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我希望你能来设计它。
07:53
And so, you know, it's one of those things that you don't take too seriously认真地.
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但是你知道,这是不用太当真的事情。
07:59
But two weeks later后来, I was in this little town, AnandpurAnandpur SahibSahib的,
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但是两周后我来到了这个小镇,Anandpur Sahib
08:04
outside Chandigarh昌迪加尔, the capital首都 of the Punjab旁遮普,
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在Punjab的首都Chandigarh外,
08:08
and the temple寺庙 and also next下一个 to it the fortress堡垒
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有一座庙宇,紧邻着堡垒
08:13
that the last guru领袖 of the Sikhs锡克教徒, Guru领袖 Gobind戈宾德, died死亡 in
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是锡克家族最后的宗师Gobind死的地方,
08:18
as he wrote the Khalsa卡尔萨, which哪一个 is their holy scripture圣经.
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他写了民族的圣书Khalsa。
08:23
And I got to work and they took me somewhere某处 down there,
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我要工作,他们就把我带到了那里,
08:28
nine kilometers公里 away from the town and the temple寺庙,
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和城市和庙宇都有9公里远,
08:30
and said, "That's where we have chosen选择 the location位置."
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说我们已经选择好了位置。
08:33
And I said, "This just doesn't make any sense.
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我说,这个位置不好。
08:37
The pilgrims朝圣者 come here by the hundreds数以百计 of thousands数千 --
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朝圣者的数目成百上千-
08:40
they're not going to get in trucks卡车 and buses公共汽车 and go down there.
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他们不会乘坐铁路和公交,而是走到这里。
08:43
Let's get back to the town and walk步行 to the site现场."
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让我们回到城里,选择能够走到的地点。
08:46
And I recommended推荐的 they do it right there, on that hill爬坡道
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我建议他们就在那边的山上建造,
08:49
and this hill爬坡道, and bridge all the way into the town.
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这座山可以直接通往市里。
08:53
And, as things are a little easier更轻松 in India印度, the site现场 was purchased购买 within a week
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在印度事情变简单了,在一个星期内就买好了建造的土地,
08:59
and we were working加工.
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然后我们开始工作。
09:01
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
09:02
And my proposal提案 was to split分裂 the museum博物馆 into two --
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我的建议是将这个博物馆分成两部分:
09:06
the permanent常驻 exhibits展品 at one end结束, the auditorium礼堂, library图书馆,
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一端是永久性的展览,礼堂,图书馆,
09:11
and changing改变 exhibitions展览 on the other --
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另一端是变化的展览。
09:13
to flood洪水 the valley into a series系列 of water gardens花园
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为了能使河谷流向果园,
09:17
and to link链接 it all to the fort and to the downtown市中心.
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并且将城堡和城市相连。
09:21
And the structures结构 rise上升 from the sand cliffs悬崖 --
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这个结构建立在沙石上。
09:25
they're built内置 in concrete具体 and sandstones砂岩; the roofs屋顶 are stainless不锈 steel --
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用混凝土和沙石建造;屋顶是不锈钢。
09:30
they are facing面对 south and reflecting反映 light towards the temple寺庙 itself本身,
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建筑朝南,并且反射庙宇的光线,
09:35
pedestrians行人 crisscross交错 from one side to the other.
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游客在一边和另一边中交叉前进。
09:38
And as you come from the north, it is all masonry石工 growing生长 out of the sand cliffs悬崖
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从北边看都是沙石上的工程,
09:44
as you come from the Himalayas喜马拉雅山 and evoking唤起 the tradition传统 of the fortress堡垒.
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从喜马拉雅上角度看,从城堡开始。
09:50
And then I went away for four months个月
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然后我离开了四个月,
09:52
and there was going to be groundbreaking奠基.
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这里要开始动工了。
09:54
And I came来了 back and, lo and behold不料, the little model模型 I'd left behind背后
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我回来了,看到我以前的小小模型
09:57
had been built内置 ten times bigger for public上市 display显示 on site现场
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变成了10倍大的供大众游览的建筑了,
10:01
and ... the bridge was built内置!
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连桥也建成了。
10:04
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
10:11
Within the working加工 drawings图纸!
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在绘制的草图中!
10:14
And half a million百万 people gathered云集 for the celebrations庆祝活动;
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50万人欢聚庆典,
10:20
you can see them on the site现场 itself本身 as the foundations基金会 are beginning开始.
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当开始建造的时候你可以在这里看到。
10:24
I was renamed改名 Safdie萨夫迪 Singh辛格. And there it is under construction施工;
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我将它重命名为Safdie Singh,并开始动工-
10:29
there are 1,800 workers工人 at work and it will be finished in two years年份.
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这里有1800名工人工作,在两年后交工。
10:34
Back to Yad屠杀 Vashem大屠杀纪念馆 three years年份 ago. After all this episode插曲 began开始,
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在3年前的Yad Vashem。当开始建造时,
10:39
Yad屠杀 Vashem大屠杀纪念馆 decided决定 to rebuild重建 completely全然 the historic历史性 museum博物馆
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Yad Vashem决定重造历史博物馆,
10:43
because now Washington华盛顿 was built内置 -- the Holocaust大屠杀 Museum博物馆 in Washington华盛顿 --
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因为新的Washington已经建造了新的屠杀纪念馆,
10:46
and that museum博物馆 is so much more comprehensive全面 in terms条款 of information信息.
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那个博物馆拥有了更多更广的信息,
10:51
And Yad屠杀 Vashem大屠杀纪念馆 needs需求 to deal合同 with three million百万 visitors游客 a year at this point.
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Yad Shem一年需要招待3百万名游客。
10:55
They said, "Let's rebuild重建 the museum博物馆."
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他们说,重建博物馆。
10:57
But of course课程, the Sikhs锡克教徒 might威力 give you a job工作 on a platter大盘子 -- the Jews犹太人 make it hard:
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但是当然,锡克民族给你的工作也许毫不费劲,可犹太民族的变难了。
11:01
international国际 competition竞争, phase one, phase two, phase three.
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国际竞争,第一阶段,第二阶段,第三阶段。
11:06
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
11:08
And again, I felt kind of uncomfortable不舒服 with the notion概念
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但是同样的,我对于Washington建筑的规模
11:12
that a building建造 the size尺寸 of the Washington华盛顿 building建造 --
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感到困惑
11:17
50,000 square广场 feet -- will sit on that fragile脆弱 hill爬坡道
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50000平方英尺,将在脆弱的山上建造,
11:21
and that we will go into galleries画廊 -- rooms客房 with doors
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然后会有展馆,有门的房间
11:25
and sort分类 of familiar rooms客房 -- to tell the story故事 of the Holocaust大屠杀.
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和讲述屠杀故事的各个房间。
11:29
And I proposed建议 that we cut through通过 the mountain. That was my first sketch草图.
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我建议从山中穿过-这是我的第一个设想,
11:34
Just cut the whole整个 museum博物馆 through通过 the mountain --
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将整个博物馆放在山中,
11:36
enter输入 from one side of the mountain,
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从山的一侧进入,
11:38
come out on the other side of the mountain --
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从山的另一侧出来。
11:40
and then bring带来 light through通过 the mountain into the chambers.
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可以让山外的阳光进入室内
11:44
And here you see the model模型:
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你可以从模型中看到,
11:47
a reception招待会 building建造 and some underground地下 parking停車處.
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接待楼和地下停车场。
11:50
You cross交叉 a bridge, you enter输入 this triangular三角形的 room房间, 60 feet high,
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跨过一座桥,进入了三角形屋子,60英尺高,
11:56
which哪一个 cuts削减 right into the hill爬坡道
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穿过了山
11:58
and extends扩展 right through通过 as you go towards the north.
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并延伸到北部。
12:03
And all of it, then, all the galleries画廊 are underground地下,
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所有的会馆都在地下。
12:06
and you see the openings开口 for the light.
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你可以看到阳光。
12:09
And at night, just one line线 of light cuts削减 through通过 the mountain,
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在晚上,只有一道光会穿过山,
12:12
which哪一个 is a skylight天空之光 on top最佳 of that triangle三角形.
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这就是在三角形顶部的光。
12:16
And all the galleries画廊,
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当你一个个房间地参观下去
12:20
as you move移动 through通过 them and so on, are below下面 grade年级.
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所有展览都是在地下。
12:23
And there are chambers carved in the rock --
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在演示中有雕刻的屋子-
12:28
concrete具体 walls墙壁, stone, the natural自然 rock when possible可能 -- with the light shafts.
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混凝土的墙,石头,天然的石块-经过细微的加工。
12:32
This is actually其实 a Spanish西班牙语 quarry采石场, which哪一个 sort分类 of inspired启发
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这实际上是来自西班牙采石场的灵感
12:38
the kind of spaces空间 that these galleries画廊 could be.
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那里也有类似的展厅
12:41
And then, coming未来 towards the north, it opens打开 up:
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然后,到了北方,视野变得开阔:
12:44
it bursts连发 out of the mountain into, again, a view视图 of light and of the city
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从山中再次到达阳光和城市,
12:50
and of the Jerusalem耶路撒冷 hills丘陵.
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和耶路撒冷的山。
12:55
I'd like to conclude得出结论 with a project项目 I've been working加工 on for two months个月.
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最后我想讲讲我现在工作了两个月的工程。
13:00
It's the headquarters司令部 for the Institute研究所 of Peace和平 in Washington华盛顿,
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在华盛顿的和平学院的总部,
13:06
the U.S. Institute研究所 of Peace和平.
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美国和平学院。
13:08
The site现场 chosen选择 is across横过 from the Lincoln林肯 Memorial纪念馆;
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地址选在林肯纪念碑旁-
13:13
you see it there directly on the Mall购物中心. It's the last building建造 on the Mall购物中心,
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你从那里可以看到,是大道上的最后一个建筑,
13:17
on access访问 of the Roosevelt罗斯福 Bridge that comes in from Virginia弗吉尼亚州.
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可以从弗吉尼亚州通过罗斯福桥到达。
13:22
That too was a competition竞争, and it is something I'm just beginning开始 to work on.
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这也是个竞争,并且是我才着手处理的。
13:30
But one recognized认可 the kind of uniqueness独特性 of the site现场.
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但是可以看到这个选址的独特性。
13:34
If it were to be anywhere随地 in Washington华盛顿,
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如果在华盛顿的任何位置,
13:36
it would be an office办公室 building建造, a conference会议 center中央,
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建筑可以是写字楼,会议中心,
13:39
a place地点 for negotiating谈判 peace和平 and so on -- all of which哪一个 the building建造 is --
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和平谈判的地方等等,各种建筑都可以
13:43
but by virtue美德 of the choice选择 of putting it on the Mall购物中心 and by the Lincoln林肯 Memorial纪念馆,
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但是实际上选在大道上,紧挨着林肯纪念碑,
13:47
this becomes the structure结构体 that is the symbol符号 of peace和平 on the Mall购物中心.
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这就是街上和平的标志,
13:52
And that was a lot of heat to deal合同 with.
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这需要很深入的考虑。
13:57
The first sketch草图 recognizes识别 that the building建造 is many许多 spaces空间 --
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最初的手稿是将建筑分为许多部分-
14:01
spaces空间 where research研究 goes on, conference会议 centers中心,
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研究中心,会议中心,
14:06
a public上市 building建造 because it will be a museum博物馆 devoted忠诚 to peacemaking缔造和平 --
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公共建筑,因为这是为了和平而建立的博物馆。
14:10
and these are the drawings图纸 that we submitted提交 for the competition竞争,
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这是我们参加竞争的绘图,
14:14
the plans计划 showing展示 the spaces空间 which哪一个 radiate辐射 outwards向外 from the entry条目.
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展示了从如何空间呈辐射状。
14:19
You see the structure结构体 as, in the sequence序列 of structures结构 on the Mall购物中心,
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你看到的结构是大街上结构的次序:
14:23
very transparent透明 and inviting诱人的 and looking in.
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非常透明,吸引人。
14:27
And then as you enter输入 it again, looking in all directions方向 towards the city.
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当你在里面,可以从各个角度欣赏这个城市。
14:32
And what I felt about that building建造 is that it really was a building建造
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我感觉这个建筑确实是个建筑
14:36
that had to do with a lightness亮度 of being存在 -- to quote引用 Kundera昆德拉 --
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和光相关,引用Kundera的话-
14:43
that it had to do with whiteness白度,
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和白色有关,
14:45
it had to do with a certain某些 dynamic动态 quality质量 and it had to do with optimism乐观.
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和动态构设有关,和乐观的心态有关。
14:51
And this is where it is; it's sort分类 of evolving进化.
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就是这样,很前卫的。
14:56
Studies学习 for the structure结构体 of the roof屋顶,
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屋顶结构的报告表明
14:59
which哪一个 demands需要 maybe new materials物料:
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我们可能需要新的材料,
15:03
how to make it white白色, how to make it translucent半透明, how to make it glowing泛着,
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怎样才能让建筑变的白,透明,并且会发光,
15:07
how to make it not capricious任性.
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而不是过于任性的变化。
15:12
And here studying研究, in three dimensions尺寸,
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从三维空间角度,
15:15
how to give some kind, again, of order订购, a structure结构体;
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怎样实现温和的秩序和结构,
15:21
not something you feel you could just change更改
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而不是能够任意改变
15:23
because you stop the design设计 of that particular特定 process处理.
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仅仅因为你停止了对某一过程的设计。
15:31
And so it goes.
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这就这样继续下去了。
15:37
I'd like to conclude得出结论 by saying something ...
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我想说些话作为结束-
15:39
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
15:47
I'd like to conclude得出结论 by relating有关 all of what I've said to the term术语 "beauty美女."
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我想通过谈论“美丽”这个话题来结束。
15:53
And I know it is not a fashionable时髦 term术语 these days,
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我知道这个词语在现在并不流行,
15:56
and certainly当然 not fashionable时髦 in the discourse演讲 of architectural建筑的 schools学校,
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当然在建筑学校的课程中也不流行。
16:00
but it seems似乎 to me that all this, in one way or the other, is a search搜索 for beauty美女.
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但是对我来说,我所做的一切都是为了寻找美丽。
16:06
Beauty美女 in the most profound深刻 sense of fit适合.
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美丽是最让我满意的地方
16:09
I have a quote引用 that I like by a morphologist形态学者, 1917,
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我援引我很喜欢的一句话,是1917年一个形态学家
16:18
Theodore西奥多 Cook厨师, who said, "Beauty美女 connotes张三 humanity人性.
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Theodore Cook讲的,“美丽展现了人性。
16:22
We call a natural自然 object目的 beautiful美丽 because we see
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我们说一个天然的物体是美丽的
16:26
that its form形成 expresses表达 fitness身体素质, the perfect完善 fulfillment履行 of function功能."
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因为它的形状刚好适合,功能完美履行。”
16:31
Well, I would have said the perfect完善 fulfillment履行 of purpose目的.
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但我说是完全为了目的。
16:35
Nevertheless虽然, beauty美女 as the kind of fit适合; something that tells告诉 us
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无论如何,美丽是一种适合
16:40
that all the forces军队 that have to do with our natural自然 environment环境
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美丽告诉我们自然环境的各种力量
16:44
have been fulfilled完成 -- and our human人的 environment环境 -- for that.
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实现的-我们的人类环境-为了这点。
16:48
Twenty二十 years年份 ago, in a conference会议 Richard理查德 and I were at together一起,
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20年前,在Richard和我一同参加的一个会上,
16:53
I wrote a poem, which哪一个 seems似乎 to me to still hold保持 for me today今天.
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我写了一首诗,在今天同样适用。
16:58
"He who seeks寻求 truth真相 shall find beauty美女. He who seeks寻求 beauty美女 shall find vanity虚荣.
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“寻求真理能够得到美。寻求美却会得到空虚。
17:05
He who seeks寻求 order订购 shall find gratification享乐.
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寻求秩序令人满足。
17:09
He who seeks寻求 gratification享乐 shall be disappointed失望.
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寻求满足,却只会变得失望。
17:13
He who considers考虑 himself他自己 the servant仆人 of his fellow同伴 beings众生
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认为自己为同伴服务的人
17:16
shall find the joy喜悦 of self-expression自我表现. He who seeks寻求 self-expression自我表现
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会发现自我实现的喜悦。而寻求自我实现的人,
17:22
shall fall秋季 into the pit of arrogance傲慢.
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却会导致骄傲。
17:24
Arrogance傲慢 is incompatible不相容 with nature性质.
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骄傲和自然是不相符的。
17:27
Through通过 nature性质, the nature性质 of the universe宇宙 and the nature性质 of man,
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通过自然,宇宙和人类的本质,
17:30
we shall seek寻求 truth真相. If we seek寻求 truth真相, we shall find beauty美女."
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我们应当寻求真理。如果我们寻找真理,我们就会发现美。”
17:34
Thank you very much. (Applause掌声)
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非常感谢。
Translated by L Y
Reviewed by Yangyang Sun

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Safdie - Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space.

Why you should listen

Moshe Safdie's master's thesis quickly became a cult building: his modular "Habitat '67" apartments for Montreal Expo '67. Within a dizzying pile of concrete, each apartment was carefully sited to have natural light and a tiny, private outdoor space for gardening. These themes have carried forward throughout Safdie's career -- his buildings tend to soak in the light, and to hold cozy, user-friendly spaces inside larger gestures.

He's a triple citizen of Canada, Israel and the United States, three places where the bulk of his buildings can be found: in Canada, the National Gallery in Ottawa, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Vancouver public library. For Yad Vashem, the Holocaust museum in Jerusalem, he designed the Children's Memorial and the Memorial to the Deportees; he's also built airport terminals in Tel Aviv. In the US, he designed the elegant and understated Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Masachusetts, and the Crystal Bridges Museum in Arkansas.

More profile about the speaker
Moshe Safdie | Speaker | TED.com