ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Martine Rothblatt - Transhumanist
Whether she’s inventing satellite radio, developing life-saving drugs or digitizing the human mind, Martine Rothblatt has a knack for turning visionary ideas into commonplace technology.

Why you should listen

After creating satellite radio with a startup that went on to become Sirius XM, Martine Rothblatt was on the verge of retirement. But her daughter’s rare lung disease inspired her to start United Therapeutics and develop an oral medication that changed the lives of thousands of patients. Now with the Terasem Foundation, she’s researching the digital preservation of personality as a means to enable the contents of our minds to outlast our bodies.

Rothblatt’s books include The Apartheid of Sex, which (inspired by her experiences as a transgendered woman) takes on conventional wisdom surrounding gender. Her latest book, Virtually Human, explores human rights for the digital lifeforms just over the horizon.

More profile about the speaker
Martine Rothblatt | Speaker | TED.com
TED2015

Martine Rothblatt: My daughter, my wife, our robot, and the quest for immortality

马蒂娜·罗斯布拉特: 我的女儿,我的妻子,我们的智能人,及对永生的追求

Filmed:
1,489,265 views

天狼星XM卫星广播系统的创始人,马蒂娜·罗斯布拉特现在领导一家医药公司,生产治疗罕见病的特效药(其中一种药救了她自己的女儿)。与此同时,她致力于将自己深爱的女人的意识保存在数据文件中,并制造成机器人伴侣。在这场与TED的克里斯·安德森的对话中,罗斯布拉特分享了她富有感染力故事,关于爱情,身份,创造力,以及无尽的可能性。
- Transhumanist
Whether she’s inventing satellite radio, developing life-saving drugs or digitizing the human mind, Martine Rothblatt has a knack for turning visionary ideas into commonplace technology. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: So I guess猜测
what we're going to do is
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克里斯 安德森:我想我们这样
00:14
we're going to talk about your life,
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我们先谈谈你的生活,
00:17
and using运用 some pictures图片
that you shared共享 with me.
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跟大家分享一下
你之前给我看的一些照片。
00:20
And I think we should start开始
right here with this one.
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咱们就从这张开始。
00:23
Okay, now who is this?
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这位是谁?
00:26
Martine马丁 RothblattRothblatt: This is me
with our oldest最老的 son儿子 Eli.
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马蒂娜 罗斯布拉特:这是我
和我的大儿子以利。
00:31
He was about age年龄 five.
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他那时大约五岁。
00:33
This is taken采取 in Nigeria尼日利亚
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这是在尼日利亚照的,
00:35
right after having taken采取
the Washington华盛顿, D.C. bar酒吧 exam考试.
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就在我刚刚参加完华盛顿特区的
律师资格考试。
00:39
CACA: Okay. But this doesn't
really look like a Martine马丁.
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克:好的。但这看上去不太像马蒂娜。
00:44
MR先生: Right. That was myself as a male,
the way I was brought up.
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马:是的。那时我还是男性,
我是作为男性出生长大。
那是在我做完变性手术,
从马丁变为马蒂娜之前。
00:51
Before I transitioned转变 from male
to female and Martin马丁 to Martine马丁.
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00:55
CACA: You were brought up Martin马丁 RothblattRothblatt.
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克:你是以马丁 罗斯布拉特的身份长大的。
00:57
MR先生: Correct正确.
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马:是的。
00:58
CACA: And about a year after this picture图片,
you married已婚 a beautiful美丽 woman女人.
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克:在拍完这张照片之后大概一年,
你迎娶了一位美丽的姑娘。
01:03
Was this love at first sight视力?
What happened发生 there?
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是一见钟情么?
当时是什么情况?
01:05
MR先生: It was love at the first sight视力.
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马:的确是一见钟情。
01:07
I saw Bina比娜 at a discotheque迪斯科舞厅
in Los洛杉矶 Angeles洛杉矶,
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我是在洛杉矶的一个
迪斯科舞厅遇见的碧娜。
01:12
and we later后来 began开始 living活的 together一起,
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后来我们住在了一起,
01:15
but the moment时刻 I saw her,
I saw just an aura光环 of energy能源 around her.
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但从我见到她的那一刻起,
我就看到她所带着的能量。
01:19
I asked her to dance舞蹈.
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我请她跳舞。
01:21
She said she saw an aura光环
of energy能源 around me.
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她说她也看到我所带的能量。
01:24
I was a single male parent.
She was a single female parent.
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我那时是个单身爸爸,
她是个单身妈妈。
01:27
We showed显示 each other
our kids'孩子们 pictures图片,
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我们给彼此看了孩子的照片,
01:30
and we've我们已经 been happily高高兴兴 married已婚
for a third第三 of a century世纪 now.
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现在我们已经在婚姻里
幸福的度过了1/3个世纪。
01:34
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
01:38
CACA: And at the time, you were
kind of this hotshot能手 entrepreneur企业家,
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克:那时候你算是个炙手可热的创业者,
01:41
working加工 with satellites卫星.
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做卫星方面的工作。
01:43
I think you had two successful成功 companies公司,
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你那时已经有了两个成功的公司,
01:45
and then you started开始
addressing解决 this problem问题
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然后你开始新的挑战,
01:47
of how could you use satellites卫星
to revolutionize革命化 radio无线电.
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思考如何通过卫星来变革广播。
01:52
Tell us about that.
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给我们讲讲这个。
01:53
MR先生: Right. I always
loved喜爱 space空间 technology技术,
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马:是的。我一直热爱太空科技,
01:55
and satellites卫星, to me, are sort分类 of
like the canoes独木舟 that our ancestors祖先
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卫星对我而言,像是我们祖先
01:59
first pushed out into the water.
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第一次推到水里的独木舟。
02:02
So it was exciting扣人心弦 for me
to be part部分 of the navigation导航
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能够在浩瀚星海遨游,
02:05
of the oceans海洋 of the sky天空,
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特别让我激动。
02:07
and as I developed发达 different不同 types类型
of satellite卫星 communication通讯 systems系统,
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所以我开发了多种卫星通讯系统,
02:12
the main主要 thing I did was to launch发射
bigger and more powerful强大 satellites卫星,
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主要致力于发射
更大,更强的卫星,
02:17
the consequence后果 of which哪一个
was that the receiving接收 antennas天线
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这样一来,接收天线
02:21
could be smaller and smaller,
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就可以越来越小,
02:23
and after going through通过
direct直接 television电视 broadcasting广播,
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在电视直播技术出现后,
02:27
I had the idea理念 that if we could make
a more powerful强大 satellite卫星,
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我想到,如果能制造一颗
更加强大的卫星,
02:30
the receiving接收 dish could be so small
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接收盘就可以做的特别小,
02:33
that it would just be a section部分
of a parabolic抛物线 dish,
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尺寸只是抛物面反射器的一小部分,
02:36
a flat平面 little plate盘子 embedded嵌入式
into the roof屋顶 of an automobile汽车,
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小到可以装在汽车顶部,
02:40
and it would be possible可能 to have
nationwide全国 satellite卫星 radio无线电,
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这样全国性的卫星广播就成为可能,
02:44
and that's Sirius天狼星 XMXM today今天.
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这就是今天的“天狼星XM卫星广播系统”。
02:46
CACA: Wow. So who here has used Sirius天狼星?
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克:哇。这里有人用过天狼星吗?
02:48
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
02:51
MR先生: Thank you for
your monthly每月一次 subscriptions订阅.
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马:谢谢你们每个月的会费。
02:53
(Laughter笑声)
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(掌声)
02:56
CACA: So that succeeded成功 despite尽管
all predictions预测 at the time.
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克:所以说,尽管那时有各种猜测,
但这件事成功了。
03:00
It was a huge巨大 commercial广告 success成功,
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是一次巨大的商业成功,
03:02
but soon不久 after this, in the early 1990s,
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但没过多久,在90年代初,
03:07
there was this big transition过渡 in your life
and you became成为 Martine马丁.
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你的生活发生了巨变,
你成为了马蒂娜。
03:11
MR先生: Correct正确.
CACA: So tell me, how did that happen发生?
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马:是的。
克:能给我讲讲当时的情况吗?
03:17
MR先生: It happened发生 in consultation会诊 with Bina比娜
and our four beautiful美丽 children孩子,
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马:我事先和碧娜以及
我们的四个可爱的孩子商量过
03:23
and I discussed讨论 with each of them
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我和他们单独讨论的。
03:28
that I felt my soul灵魂 was always female,
and as a woman女人,
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我一直觉得我的内心是女性,
03:34
but I was afraid害怕 people would
laugh at me if I expressed表达 it,
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可我又担心如果表达出来
会被人笑话,
03:39
so I always kept不停 it bottled瓶装 up
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所以我一直藏在心里
03:41
and just showed显示 my male side.
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只表现我男性的一面。
03:44
And each of them
had a different不同 take on this.
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每个人的反应都不一样。
03:48
Bina比娜 said, "I love your soul灵魂,
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碧娜说,“我爱你的灵魂,
03:52
and whether是否 the outside
is Martin马丁 and Martine马丁,
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至于外表上是马丁还是马蒂娜,
03:56
it doesn't it matter to me,
I love your soul灵魂."
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我不在乎,我爱的是你的灵魂。”
03:58
My son儿子 said, "If you become成为 a woman女人,
will you still be my father父亲?"
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我儿子说,“你变成女人后,
还是我爸爸吗?”
04:06
And I said, "Yes,
I'll always be your father父亲,"
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我回答,“是,我永远是你的爸爸。“
04:09
and I'm still his father父亲 today今天.
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我今天依然是他的父亲。
04:12
My youngest最年轻的 daughter女儿 did an absolutely绝对
brilliant辉煌 five-year-old五十岁 thing.
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我的小女儿做了件特别棒的
五岁小孩做的事,
04:17
She told people, "I love my dad
and she loves me."
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她说,“我爱我爸爸,她也爱我。”
她对性别混淆什么的还挺接受。
04:23
So she had no problem问题
with a gender性别 blending混纺 whatsoever任何.
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04:28
CACA: And a couple一对 years年份 after this,
you published发表 this book:
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克:那之后一两年,
你出版了这本书:
04:31
"The Apartheid种族隔离 of Sex性别."
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”性别上的种族隔离“
04:33
What was your thesis论文 in this book?
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你这本书持什么论点呢?
04:35
MR先生: My thesis论文 in this book is that there
are seven billion十亿 people in the world世界,
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马:我的论点是,世界上有70亿人口,
04:39
and actually其实, seven billion十亿 unique独特 ways方法
to express表现 one's那些 gender性别.
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就有70亿种独特的方式来展现性别。
04:45
And while people may可能 have
the genitals生殖器 of a male or a female,
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尽管人类有男性和女性两种生殖器官,
04:51
the genitals生殖器 don't determine确定 your gender性别
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但生殖器官并不决定你的性别
04:54
or even really your sexual有性 identity身分.
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甚至你真正的性别身份。
04:57
That's just a matter of anatomy解剖学
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那是一个解剖学上的问题,
04:59
and reproductive生殖 tracts大片,
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生殖道的问题,
05:00
and people could choose选择
whatever随你 gender性别 they want
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人应该对他们的性别有选择权
05:04
if they weren't forced被迫 by society社会
into categories类别 of either male or female
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而不是被社会强行划分为男性或是女性
05:09
the way South Africa非洲 used to force people
into categories类别 of black黑色 or white白色.
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就像南非过去把人划分为黑人和白人。
05:13
We know from anthropological人类学 science科学
that race种族 is fiction小说,
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从人类学的角度上讲,
种族是虚构的,
05:17
even though虽然 racism种族主义 is very, very real真实,
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尽管种族主义是千真万确的存在,
05:20
and we now know from cultural文化 studies学习
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从文化研究的角度讲
05:23
that separate分离 male or female genders性别
is a constructed fiction小说.
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男性和女性也是虚构的。
现实情况是性别是流动的,
05:27
The reality现实 is a gender性别 fluidity流动性
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05:30
that crosses十字架 the entire整个 continuum连续
from male to female.
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是在男性与女性之间的
一个连续统一体。
05:34
CACA: You yourself你自己 don't always
feel 100 percent百分 female.
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克:你自己也并不是总是
百分之百感觉自己是女性
05:37
MR先生: Correct正确. I would say in some ways方法
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马:对。从某种角度上说
05:40
I change更改 my gender性别 about as often经常
as I change更改 my hairstyle发型.
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我在性别上的变换和
我发型的变换同样频繁。
05:43
CACA: (Laughs) Okay, now, this is
your gorgeous华丽 daughter女儿, JenesisJenesis.
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克:(笑)好吧。
这是你美丽的女儿,吉纳塞斯。
05:51
And I guess猜测 she was about this age年龄
when something pretty漂亮 terrible可怕 happened发生.
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我猜她大概就是在这么大的时候
经历了一件可怕的事情。
05:55
MR先生: Yes, she was finding发现 herself她自己
unable无法 to walk步行 up the stairs楼梯
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马:对。她发现自己无法上楼
06:00
in our house to her bedroom卧室,
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回到自己的卧室。
06:02
and after several一些 months个月 of doctors医生,
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看了几个月的医生以后,
06:04
she was diagnosed确诊 to have a rare罕见,
almost几乎 invariably不变地 fatal致命 disease疾病
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她被确诊患了一种罕见的
基本上是致命的疾病
06:09
called pulmonary肺的 arterial动脉 hypertension高血压.
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叫做肺动脉高压。
06:13
CACA: So how did you respond响应 to that?
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克:你当时做了些什么?
马:我们首先尽力
为她找最好的医生。
06:15
MR先生: Well, we first tried试着 to get her
to the best最好 doctors医生 we could.
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06:19
We ended结束 up at Children's儿童 National国民
Medical Center中央 in Washington华盛顿, D.C.
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我们最终找到在华盛顿特区的
国家儿童医疗中心。
06:23
The head of pediatric小儿科的 cardiology心脏病
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儿科心脏病部的主任
06:25
told us that he was going to refer参考 her
to get a lung transplant移植,
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告诉我们他会帮她安排肺移植,
06:30
but not to hold保持 out any hope希望,
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但是希望不大,
06:31
because there are
very few少数 lungs available可得到,
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因为可移植的肺特别少,
06:34
especially特别 for children孩子.
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尤其是小孩的。
06:35
He said that all people
with this illness疾病 died死亡,
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他说所有得了这个病的人都去世了,
06:40
and if any of you have seen看到
the film电影 "Lorenzo's罗伦佐的 Oil,"
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你们如果看过那个叫
“罗伦佐的油”的电影,
06:44
there's a scene现场 when the protagonist主角
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有一幕是主角从楼梯上滚下来,
06:46
kind of rolls劳斯莱斯 down the stairway楼梯
crying哭了 and bemoaning哀叹 the fate命运 of his son儿子,
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为他儿子的命运哭泣和哀叹,
06:53
and that's exactly究竟
how we felt about JenesisJenesis.
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我们当时对吉纳赛斯
的感受和他完全一样。
克:但你并没有放弃,
没有觉得已经无能为力。
06:56
CACA: But you didn't accept接受 that
as the limit限制 of what you could do.
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07:00
You started开始 trying to research研究
and see if you could find a cure治愈 somehow不知何故.
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你开始尝试做研究,
看你能不能找到一个治疗方法。
07:04
MR先生: Correct正确. She was in the intensive集约
care关心 ward病房 for weeks at a time,
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马:是的。她在重症监护室一住就是好几周,
07:08
and Bina比娜 and I would tag标签 team球队
to stay at the hospital醫院
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碧娜和我轮流在医院照看,
07:12
while the other watched看着
the rest休息 of the kids孩子,
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另一个在家照看其他孩子,
07:15
and when I was in the hospital醫院
and she was sleeping睡眠,
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当我在医院值班时,
等吉纳赛斯睡着了之后,
07:17
I went to the hospital醫院 library图书馆.
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我就跑去医院的图书馆。
07:19
I read every一切 article文章 that I could find
on pulmonary肺的 hypertension高血压.
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我读了所有能找到的
关于肺动脉高压的文章。
07:24
I had not taken采取 any biology生物学,
even in college学院,
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我在上大学的时候都没有修过生物,
07:27
so I had to go from a biology生物学 textbook教科书
to a college-level本科 textbook教科书
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所以我循序渐进,
从基础生物课本到大学课本,
07:33
and then medical textbook教科书
and the journal日志 articles用品, back and forth向前,
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到医学院课本,到期刊文章
这样反复来读,
07:37
and eventually终于 I knew知道 enough足够 to think
that it might威力 be possible可能
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在我了解了足够多的东西后,
我认为这个病
07:41
that somebody could find a cure治愈.
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是有可能治愈的。
07:43
So we started开始 a nonprofit非营利性 foundation基础.
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于是我们成立了一个非盈利的基金会。
07:47
I wrote a description描述
asking people to submit提交 grants补助
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我呼吁大家来捐款,
07:51
and we would pay工资 for medical research研究.
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所得款项会用于医学研究。
07:54
I became成为 an expert专家 on the condition条件 --
doctors医生 said to me, Martine马丁,
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我都成了这个病的专家了-
医生们对我说,马蒂娜,
07:57
we really appreciate欣赏 all the funding资金
you've provided提供 us,
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我们真的很感激你提供的这些资金,
08:01
but we are not going to be able能够
to find a cure治愈 in time
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但我们恐怕不能及时的
找到治疗的方法
08:05
to save保存 your daughter女儿.
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来挽救你女儿的生命。
08:07
However然而, there is a medicine医学
135
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但是,有这样一种药
08:09
that was developed发达 at the
Burroughs巴勒斯 Wellcome惠康 Company公司
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是由伯勒斯威康公司研发的,
08:14
that could halt the progression级数
of the disease疾病,
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它可能有一定疗效,
可以阻止病情恶化,
08:17
but Burroughs巴勒斯 Wellcome惠康 has just
been acquired后天 by Glaxo葛兰素 Wellcome惠康.
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可是伯勒斯威康刚被
葛兰素威康收购了。
08:22
They made制作 a decision决定 not to develop发展
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他们决定停止开发
08:24
any medicines药品 for rare罕见
and orphan孤儿 diseases疾病,
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治疗罕见病的药品,
08:28
and maybe you could use your expertise专门知识
in satellite卫星 communications通讯
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或许你可以用你在
卫星通讯上的专长
08:32
to develop发展 this cure治愈
for pulmonary肺的 hypertension高血压.
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来开发肺动脉高压的医治方法。
08:37
CACA: So how on earth地球 did you get
access访问 to this drug药物?
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克:那你到底是怎么拿到这个药的呢?
08:40
MR先生: I went to Glaxo葛兰素 Wellcome惠康
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马:我去了葛兰素威康
08:42
and after three times being存在 rejected拒绝
and having the door slammed抨击 in my face面对
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吃了三次闭门羹,
08:47
because they weren't going
to out-license出牌 the drug药物
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因为他们不愿意把药品许可证
08:51
to a satellite卫星 communications通讯 expert专家,
147
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发给一个卫星通讯专家,
08:54
they weren't going to send发送 the drug药物
out to anybody任何人 at all,
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其实是不想发给任何人,
09:00
and they thought
I didn't have the expertise专门知识,
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而且他们觉得
我没有这方面的专业知识,
09:03
finally最后 I was able能够 to persuade说服
a small team球队 of people to work with me
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最后我说服了一小队人马跟我一起干,
09:10
and develop发展 enough足够 credibility可信性.
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赢得了一定的信誉。
09:12
I wore穿着 down their resistance抵抗性,
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我打消了他们的疑虑,
09:14
and they had no hope希望 this drug药物
would even work, by the way,
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其实他们对这个药也没抱希望,
09:18
and they tried试着 to tell me,
"You're just wasting浪费 your time.
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他们试图告诉我,
“你是在浪费时间。
09:20
We're sorry about your daughter女儿."
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我们为你的女儿感到遗憾。”
09:22
But finally最后, for 25,000 dollars美元
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但是最终,以25000美元的价格,
09:25
and agreement协议 to pay工资 10 percent百分
of any revenues收入 we might威力 ever get,
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以及10%的收入分成,
09:29
they agreed同意 to give me
worldwide全世界 rights权利 to this drug药物.
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他们把这个药的全球使用权给了我。
09:34
CACA: And so you put this drug药物 on the market市场
in a really brilliant辉煌 way,
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克:然后你非常聪明的把这个药推到了市场上,
09:40
by basically基本上 charging充电 what it would take
to make the economics经济学 work.
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而且只收成本价。
09:45
MR先生: Oh yes, Chris克里斯, but this really wasn't
a drug药物 that I ended结束 up --
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马:是的,克里斯,但我
当时买下来的并不是个成品药-
09:49
after I wrote the check for 25,000,
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我签了那两万五的支票后,
09:52
and I said, "Okay, where's哪里
the medicine医学 for JenesisJenesis?"
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我说,“好吧,吉纳塞斯的药在哪儿呢?”
09:54
they said, "Oh, Martine马丁,
there's no medicine医学 for JenesisJenesis.
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他们说,“哦,马蒂娜,吉纳塞斯的药就不存在。
09:58
This is just something we tried试着 in rats大鼠."
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我们只在老鼠身上试过这东西。”
10:00
And they gave me, like,
a little plastic塑料 Ziploc保鲜袋 bag
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然后他们给我这个小的密封袋
10:04
of a small amount of powder粉末.
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里面有一点点粉末。
10:05
They said, "Don't give it to any human人的,"
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他们说,“不要给人吃啊,”
10:08
and they gave me a piece of paper
which哪一个 said it was a patent专利,
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然后给了我一张纸,
说是专利证书,
10:12
and from that, we had to figure数字 out
a way to make this medicine医学.
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从那开始,我们得想办法把药生产出来。
10:16
A hundred chemists化学家 in the U.S.
at the top最佳 universities高校
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来自美国顶尖大学的多名化学家
10:19
all swore发誓 that little patent专利
could never be turned转身 into a medicine医学.
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都不认为这个小小的专利能做成药。
10:23
If it was turned转身 into a medicine医学,
it could never be delivered交付
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就算是做成药,也不可能售卖
10:27
because it had a half-life半衰期
of only 45 minutes分钟.
174
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因为它的半衰期只有45分钟。
10:30
CACA: And yet然而, a year or two later后来,
you were there with a medicine医学
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克:即使如此,在一两年之后,
你把它做成药了,
10:34
that worked工作 for JenesisJenesis.
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而且还治好了吉纳塞斯。
10:38
MR先生: Chris克里斯, the astonishing惊人 thing
is that this absolutely绝对 worthless无用
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马:克里斯,令人意想不到的是,
那个毫无价值的
10:44
piece of powder粉末
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小小粉末
10:45
that had the sparkle火花 of a promise诺言
of hope希望 for JenesisJenesis
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曾经是吉纳塞斯的唯一希望
10:49
is not only keeping保持 JenesisJenesis
and other people alive today今天,
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如今不但救了吉纳塞斯和其他人的命,
10:54
but produces产生 almost几乎 a billion十亿
and a half dollars美元 a year in revenue收入.
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更创造了近15亿美元的年收入。
10:59
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
克:太棒了。
11:02
CACA: So here you go.
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11:05
So you took this company公司 public上市, right?
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然后你的公司上市了,是吗?
11:09
And made制作 an absolute绝对 fortune幸运.
185
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还赚了大钱。
11:11
And how much have you paid支付 Glaxo葛兰素,
by the way, after that 25,000?
186
659537
3994
那除了那两万五之外,
你一共付了葛兰素多少钱?
11:15
MR先生: Yeah, well, every一切 year we pay工资 them
10 percent百分 of 1.5 billion十亿,
187
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马:喔,每年我们付15亿的百分之十,
11:19
150 million百万 dollars美元,
last year 100 million百万 dollars美元.
188
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3715
就是一亿五千万,去年是一亿。
11:23
It's the best最好 return返回 on investment投资
they ever received收到. (Laughter笑声)
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是他们有史以来最赚的一笔投资。(笑)
11:26
CACA: And the best最好 news新闻 of all, I guess猜测,
190
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克:我猜最好的好消息
11:28
is this.
191
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1857
还是这个。
11:30
MR先生: Yes. JenesisJenesis is an absolutely绝对
brilliant辉煌 young年轻 lady淑女.
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马:是的。吉纳塞斯是个出色的姑娘。
11:34
She's alive, healthy健康 today今天 at 30.
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她今年30岁了,身体健康。
11:36
You see me, Bina比娜 and JenesisJenesis there.
194
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那是我,碧娜和吉纳塞斯。
11:39
The most amazing惊人 thing about JenesisJenesis
195
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2879
对于吉纳塞斯而言最棒的是
11:42
is that while she could do
anything with her life,
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她可以尽情选择做任何事,
11:45
and believe me, if you grew成长 up
your whole整个 life with people
197
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相信我,如果你
从小到大都听人说,
11:48
in your face面对 saying
that you've got a fatal致命 disease疾病,
198
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2922
你得了一种致命疾病,
11:51
I would probably大概 run to Tahiti大溪地 and just
not want to run into anybody任何人 again.
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我大概会跑到大溪地去,躲开这些人。
11:56
But instead代替 she chooses to work
in United联合的 Therapeutics疗法.
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但她却选择在“联合治疗”公司工作。
11:59
She says she wants to do all she can
to help other people
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她说她要尽力帮助其他
12:03
with orphan孤儿 diseases疾病 get medicines药品,
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患有罕见疾病的人开发药物,
12:05
and today今天, she's our project项目 leader领导
for all telepresence网真 activities活动,
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4690
如今,她是我们所有远程活动的项目负责人,
12:10
where she helps帮助 digitally数字 unite团结
the entire整个 company公司 to work together一起
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3529
以数字化的方式整合公司,开展合作
12:13
to find cures治愈 for pulmonary肺的 hypertension高血压.
205
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2949
寻找肺动脉高压的治愈方式。
12:16
CACA: But not everyone大家 who has this disease疾病
has been so fortunate幸运.
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克:但不是每个患有这种病的人都这么幸运。
12:19
There are still many许多 people dying垂死,
and you are tackling抢断 that too. How?
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还是有很多人死于这个病,而你也在着力
解决这个难题。你是怎么做的?
12:24
MR先生: Exactly究竟, Chris克里斯. There's some 3,000
people a year in the United联合的 States状态 alone单独,
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马:对级了,克里斯。
仅在美国每年就大约有三千人,
12:28
perhaps也许 10 times that number worldwide全世界,
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2879
而全世界每年大约有三万人,
12:31
who continue继续 to die of this illness疾病
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2155
死于这种疾病。
12:33
because the medicines药品
slow down the progression级数
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因为药物只能减缓病情恶化
12:36
but they don't halt it.
212
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并不能完全治愈。
12:38
The only cure治愈 for pulmonary肺的 hypertension高血压,
pulmonary肺的 fibrosis纤维化,
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唯一能治愈肺动脉高压,肺纤维化,
12:42
cystic囊性 fibrosis纤维化, emphysema气肿,
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囊性纤维化,肺气肿,
12:45
COPD慢性阻塞性肺病, what Leonard伦纳德 NimoyNimoy just died死亡 of,
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慢性阻塞性肺病 ——伦纳德 尼莫尔刚刚死于这个病,
12:48
is a lung transplant移植,
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只有进行肺移植,
12:50
but sadly可悲的是, there are only enough足够
available可得到 lungs for 2,000 people
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但可悲的是,在美国,
每年可用于移植的肺
12:55
in the U.S. a year
to get a lung transplant移植,
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只够两千人进行手术,
12:58
whereas nearly几乎 a half
million百万 people a year
219
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3297
而每年有将近五十万人
死于晚期肺功能衰竭。
13:01
die of end-stage终末期 lung failure失败.
220
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13:04
CACA: So how can you address地址 that?
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克:你打算如何解决这个问题?
13:06
MR先生: So I conceptualize概念化 the possibility可能性
222
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马:我在思考这样一种可能性,
13:09
that just like we keep cars汽车 and planes飞机
223
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3413
我们之所以能够让汽车,飞机,
13:12
and buildings房屋 going forever永远
224
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建筑永久存在,
13:15
with an unlimited无限 supply供应
of building建造 parts部分 and machine parts部分,
225
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是因为我们能够无限制的提供
楼房机器的零件,
13:19
why can't we create创建 an unlimited无限 supply供应
of transplantable移植 organs器官
226
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我们为何不制造无限量的
可移植器官
13:22
to keep people living活的 indefinitely无限期,
227
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来让人类永生呢,
13:25
and especially特别 people with lung disease疾病.
228
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特别是那些患有肺病的人。
13:28
So we've我们已经 teamed联手 up with the decoder解码器
of the human人的 genome基因组, Craig克雷格 Venter腹部,
229
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所以我们与人类基因组的
解码专家克雷格·文特尔
13:33
and the company公司 he founded成立
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1812
以及他与“神秘奖”公司创始人,
13:35
with Peter彼得 Diamandis迪曼蒂斯,
the founder创办人 of the X Prize,
231
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彼得·迪曼蒂斯共同组建的公司合作
13:38
to genetically基因 modify修改
232
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来从基因上改变
13:41
the pig genome基因组
233
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猪的基因组
13:42
so that the pig's organs器官 will not
be rejected拒绝 by the human人的 body身体
234
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这样人的身体就不会对
猪的器官产生排异反应
13:47
and thereby从而 to create创建 an unlimited无限 supply供应
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这样来创造无限数量的
13:50
of transplantable移植 organs器官.
236
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可移植器官。
13:52
We do this through通过 our company公司,
United联合的 Therapeutics疗法.
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我们通过我们的公司“联合治疗”来做这件事。
13:55
CACA: So you really believe that within,
what, a decade,
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克:而且你坚信在十年之内,
13:58
that this shortage短缺 of transplantable移植 lungs
maybe be cured治愈, through通过 these guys?
239
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4481
可以以此来解决可供移植的肺的短缺问题。
14:03
MR先生: Absolutely绝对, Chris克里斯.
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马:绝对的,克里斯。
14:04
I'm as certain某些 of that as I was
of the success成功 that we've我们已经 had
241
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3692
我非常确定,正如我以前
坚信电视直播和天狼星卫星广播
会成功一样。
14:08
with direct直接 television电视
broadcasting广播, Sirius天狼星 XMXM.
242
836531
3088
14:11
It's actually其实 not rocket火箭 science科学.
243
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这其实没有那么高深。
14:13
It's straightforward直截了当 engineering工程 away
one gene基因 after another另一个.
244
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就是一个个基因进行搭建。
14:17
We're so lucky幸运 to be born天生 in the time
that sequencing测序 genomes基因组
245
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4342
我们很幸运处于这样
一个时代,基因组测序
14:21
is a routine常规 activity活动,
246
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2659
是一件很平常的事,
14:24
and the brilliant辉煌 folks乡亲
at Synthetic合成的 Genomics基因组学
247
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“合成基因”公司那些杰出的科学家们
14:26
are able能够 to zero in on the pig genome基因组,
248
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能够专注研究猪的基因组,
14:28
find exactly究竟 the genes基因
that are problematic问题, and fix固定 them.
249
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准确的找到有问题的基因,
然后修复它们。
14:32
CACA: But it's not just bodies身体 that --
though虽然 that is amazing惊人.
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克:而且不仅仅是身体——
当然这已经相当神奇了。
14:35
(Applause掌声)
251
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(掌声)
14:38
It's not just long-lasting持久的 bodies身体
that are of interest利益 to you now.
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4295
你已经不光满足于
身体上的长寿。
14:42
It's long-lasting持久的 minds头脑.
253
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2032
还想要思想永存。
14:45
And I think this graph图形 for you
says something quite相当 profound深刻.
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我想这幅图对你而言意义深远。
14:50
What does this mean?
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它讲的是什么?
14:52
MR先生: What this graph图形 means手段,
and it comes from Ray射线 Kurzweil库兹威尔,
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马:这幅图是雷·克兹维尔的作品,
意思是说
14:55
is that the rate of development发展
in computer电脑 processing处理
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计算机处理的发展速度
15:00
hardware硬件, firmware固件 and software软件,
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无论是硬件,固件,还是软件,
15:03
has been advancing前进 along沿 a curve曲线
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都是一个曲线发展的过程
15:06
such这样 that by the 2020s, as we saw
in earlier presentations简报 today今天,
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到2020年代,就像我们
在今天早些时候的演讲中看到的,
15:10
there will be information信息 technology技术
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信息技术将发展到很高水平
15:13
that processes流程 information信息
and the world世界 around us
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(计算机)处理信息和应对外界反应的速度
15:17
at the same相同 rate as a human人的 mind心神.
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将与人脑毫无二致。
15:20
CACA: And so that being存在 so, you're actually其实
getting得到 ready准备 for this world世界
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克:因此你现在已经开始着手准备
15:24
by believing相信 that we will soon不久
be able能够 to, what,
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因为你相信我们很快就能,
15:28
actually其实 take the contents内容 of our brains大脑
and somehow不知何故 preserve保留 them forever永远?
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将我们大脑里的东西
永久保存下来?
15:34
How do you describe描述 that?
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给我们解释一下。
15:36
MR先生: Well, Chris克里斯, what we're working加工 on
is creating创建 a situation情况
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马:克里斯,我们现在做的这个
是在创造一个环境
15:40
where people can create创建 a mind心神 file文件,
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在那里人们可以创建一个思维文档,
15:43
and a mind心神 file文件 is the collection采集
of their mannerisms装相, personality个性,
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这个思维文档收集
人们的举止,个性,
15:47
recollection回忆, feelings情怀,
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回忆,感觉,
15:49
beliefs信仰, attitudes态度 and values,
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信仰,态度及价值观,
15:50
everything that we've我们已经 poured today今天
into Google谷歌, into Amazon亚马逊, into FacebookFacebook的,
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我们今天一股脑儿告诉
谷歌,亚马逊,脸书的一切信息,
15:56
and all of this information信息 stored存储 there
will be able能够, in the next下一个 couple一对 decades几十年,
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所有信息都存储在那里,
几十年后,
16:03
once一旦 software软件 is able能够
to recapitulate概括 consciousness意识,
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当软件技术(发展到)可以
捕捉意识,
16:07
be able能够 to revive复活 the consciousness意识
which哪一个 is imminent即将来临 in our mind心神 file文件.
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我们就可以从思维文档中
还原出我们的意识。
16:12
CACA: Now you're not just
messing搞乱 around with this.
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克:你并没有在开玩笑,
16:15
You're serious严重. I mean, who is this?
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而是认真的。这是谁?
16:18
MR先生: This is a robot机器人 version of
my beloved心爱 spouse伴侣, Bina比娜.
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马:这是我的爱人碧娜的机器人版本。
16:22
And we call her Bina比娜 48.
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她叫碧娜48.
16:25
She was programmed程序
by Hanson汉森 Robotics机器人 out of Texas德州.
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她是由德克萨斯的
汉森机器人公司制造的。
16:28
There's the centerfold插页
from National国民 Geographic地理 magazine杂志
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这是(发表)在国家地理杂志
中心插页(的一幅照片)
16:31
with one of her caregivers护理人员,
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(碧娜)和她的护理人员在一起,
16:34
and she roams漫游 the web卷筒纸
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她在上网
16:36
and has hundreds数以百计 of hours小时
of Bina's比娜的 mannerisms装相, personalities个性.
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她拥有几百小时
有关碧娜举止和个性(的信息)。
16:41
She's kind of like a two-year-old二十岁 kid孩子,
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她像是个两岁的小孩,
16:43
but she says things
that blow打击 people away,
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但她讲的话往往出人意表,
16:46
best最好 expressed表达 by perhaps也许
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可能最好的表达
16:49
a New York纽约 Times Pulitzer普利策 Prize-winning奖得主
journalist记者 Amy艾米 Harmon哈蒙
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来自纽约时报的
普利策获奖记者艾米·哈蒙
16:53
who says her answers答案
are often经常 frustrating泄气,
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她说,她的回答经常令人哭笑不得,
16:55
but other times as compelling引人注目 as those
of any flesh person she's interviewed采访.
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但有时又精彩绝伦,
丝毫不逊色于她采访过的有血有肉的真人
17:02
CACA: And is your thinking思维 here,
part部分 of your hope希望 here, is that
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克:你认为,或者你希望,
17:06
this version of Bina比娜 can in a sense
live生活 on forever永远, or some future未来 upgrade升级
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这个版本的碧娜,或者将来升级版本的碧娜,
可以永生?
17:13
to this version can live生活 on forever永远?
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马:对,但不仅仅是碧娜,所有人。
17:15
MR先生: Yes. Not just Bina比娜, but everybody每个人.
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17:17
You know, it costs成本 us virtually实质上 nothing
to store商店 our mind心神 files
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实际上,将我们的
思维文档保存的成本几乎为零
17:21
on FacebookFacebook的, InstagramInstagram的, what-have-you你有什么.
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你可以上传到脸书,Instagram,或者其他地方。
17:24
Social社会 media媒体 is I think one of the most
extraordinary非凡 inventions发明 of our time,
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我认为社交媒体是我们
这个时代最杰出的发明之一,
17:28
and as apps应用 become成为 available可得到
that will allow允许 us
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随着客户端应用的发展,
Siri一类的应用会越来越好,
17:32
to out-Siri出的Siri SiriSiri的, better and better,
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17:35
and develop发展 consciousness意识
operating操作 systems系统,
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并进一步发展出
具有意识的操作系统,
17:38
everybody每个人 in the world世界,
billions数十亿 of people,
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世界上的每一个人,
数十亿的人,
可以复制自己的思维
17:41
will be able能够 to develop发展
mind心神 clones克隆 of themselves他们自己
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3738
17:45
that will have their own拥有 life on the web卷筒纸.
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2554
在网上拥有生命。
17:47
CACA: So the thing is, Martine马丁,
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克:问题是,马蒂纳,
17:49
that in any normal正常 conversation会话,
this would sound声音 stark-staring斯塔克盯着 mad,
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1057219
4123
如果我们仅仅是在聊天(而不是TED Talk),
这些事听起来就太疯狂了,
17:53
but in the context上下文 of your life,
what you've doneDONE,
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但结合你的生活,
你取得的成就,
17:56
some of the things we've我们已经 heard听说 this week,
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我们这礼拜所听到的其他演讲,
17:58
the constructed realities现实
that our minds头脑 give,
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人类思维所构建的现实,
18:00
I mean, you wouldn't不会 bet赌注 against反对 it.
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我们没法说它不可能实现。
18:04
MR先生: Well, I think it's really nothing
coming未来 from me.
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马:是,其实我并没有做什么。
18:07
If anything, I'm perhaps也许 a bit
of a communicator传播者 of activities活动
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1075632
6664
如果有的话,我只是做了些牵线搭桥的事
18:14
that are being存在 undertaken开展
by the greatest最大 companies公司
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为那些伟大的公司牵线搭桥
18:17
in China中国, Japan日本, India印度, the U.S., Europe欧洲.
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1085686
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它们来自中国,日本,印度,
美国,欧洲。
18:21
There are tens of millions百万 of people
working加工 on writing写作 code
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4703
有上千万的人在编写代码
18:25
that expresses表达 more and more aspects方面
of our human人的 consciousness意识,
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1093709
3715
意图更全面地描述人类意识
18:29
and you don't have to be a genius天才
to see that all these threads线程
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5085
普通人也能预测到,
这些线索最终
18:34
are going to come together一起
and ultimately最终 create创建 human人的 consciousness意识,
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1102509
4132
会汇聚起来,最终形成人类意识,
18:38
and it's something we'll value.
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2206
这对我们而言很重要。
18:40
There are so many许多 things
to do in this life,
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2438
人的一生中有太多的事要做,
18:43
and if we could have a simulacrum仿,
a digital数字 doppelg的分身änger手指 of ourselves我们自己
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如果我们有一个仿真的自己
18:47
that helps帮助 us process处理 books图书, do shopping购物,
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来帮助我们读书,购物,
18:50
be our best最好 friends朋友,
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1950
成为我们的好朋友,
18:52
I believe our mind心神 clones克隆,
these digital数字 versions版本 of ourselves我们自己,
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3042
我相信我们的思维克隆体,
数字版的我们,
18:55
will ultimately最终 be our best最好 friends朋友,
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最终会成为我们最好的朋友,
对我自己和碧娜个人而言,
18:58
and for me personally亲自 and Bina比娜 personally亲自,
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1126378
2020
19:00
we love each other like crazy.
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1788
我们疯狂的爱着对方。
19:02
Each day, we are always saying, like,
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每一天,我们都要说,
“哇,我甚至比30年前还要爱你。
19:03
"Wow, I love you even more
than 30 years年份 ago.
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1131982
2535
19:06
And so for us, the prospect展望 of mind心神 clones克隆
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1134517
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所以对我们来说,思维复制的可能性,
19:09
and regenerated再生 bodies身体
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1137663
2044
和身体的再生
19:11
is that our love affair事务, Chris克里斯,
can go on forever永远.
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1139707
3090
会让我们的爱情故事,克里斯,
持续到永远。
19:14
And we never get bored无聊 of each other.
I'm sure we never will.
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1142797
3202
我们从来不觉得彼此无聊。
我肯定以后也不会的。
19:17
CACA: I think Bina's比娜的 here, right?
MR先生: She is, yeah.
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1145999
2372
克:碧娜在场,是吧?
马:她在,是的。
19:20
CACA: Would it be too much, I don't know,
do we have a handheld手持 micMIC?
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1148371
3183
克:我不知道这个要求是否过分,
我们有话筒么?
19:23
Bina比娜, could we invite邀请 you to the stage阶段?
I just have to ask you one question.
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3692
碧娜,我们能请你上台么?
我有一个问题非问不可。
19:27
Besides除了, we need to see you.
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此外,我们很想见见你。
19:28
(Applause掌声)
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2949
(掌声)
19:35
Thank you, thank you.
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谢谢,谢谢。
19:36
Come and join加入 Martine马丁 here.
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2693
来,和马蒂娜坐在一起。
19:39
I mean, look, when you got married已婚,
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你看,当你结婚的时候,
19:44
if someone有人 had told you that,
in a few少数 years年份 time,
342
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3089
如果有人告诉你,
几年之内,
19:47
the man you were marrying结婚
would become成为 a woman女人,
343
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2298
你嫁的这个男人
会变成一个女人,
19:49
and a few少数 years年份 after that,
you would become成为 a robot机器人 --
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然后再过几年,
你会变成一个机器人 ——
19:52
(Laughter笑声) --
345
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(笑声)
19:55
how has this gone走了? How has it been?
346
1183898
3285
跟我们讲讲,你是怎么看待这些的?
19:59
Bina比娜 RothblattRothblatt: It's been really
an exciting扣人心弦 journey旅程,
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1187183
2566
碧娜·罗斯布拉特:这是一段
令人兴奋的旅程,
20:01
and I would have never
thought that at the time,
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我以前也从来没想过,
20:04
but we started开始 making制造 goals目标
and setting设置 those goals目标
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但当我们开始制定目标,并为之努力,
20:07
and accomplishing完成 things,
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最后完成一些事情,
20:09
and before you knew知道 it,
we just keep going up and up
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1197197
2467
我们没有多想,
只是不断前行
直到现在我们也没有停止,
所以还是很棒的。
20:11
and we're still not stopping停止,
so it's great.
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1199664
2647
20:14
CACA: Martine马丁 told me something
really beautiful美丽,
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3065
克:马蒂娜告诉我一件很美好的事,
20:17
just actually其实 on SkypeSkype的 before this,
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1205376
2759
是之前我们通过Skype通话的时候,
20:20
which哪一个 was that he wanted
to live生活 for hundreds数以百计 of years年份
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5831
她说她希望能够活上几百年
20:25
as a mind心神 file文件,
356
1213966
2326
通过思维文档的形式,
20:28
but not if it wasn't with you.
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3132
但如果没有你的话,
她就不会去做这个事。
20:31
BRBR: That's right,
we want to do it together一起.
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1219424
2108
碧:是的,
我们想一起做这个事。
20:33
We're cryonicistscryonicists as well,
and we want to wake唤醒 up together一起.
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1221532
3253
我们还支持人体冷冻技术,
希望能够一起醒来。
20:36
CACA: So just so as you know,
from my point of view视图,
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1224785
2436
克:我就想告诉你们,
从我的角度讲,
20:39
this isn't only one of the most
astonishing惊人 lives生活 I have heard听说,
361
1227221
3715
这不仅是我听过的
最精彩的人生故事,
20:42
it's one of the most astonishing惊人
love stories故事 I've ever heard听说.
362
1230936
3004
也是我听过的
最精彩的爱情故事。
20:45
It's just a delight to have you
both here at TEDTED.
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2360
非常高兴你们二位能来TED
20:48
Thank you so much.
364
1236300
1346
非常感谢。
20:49
MR先生: Thank you.
365
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2322
马:谢谢。
20:51
(Applause掌声)
366
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6641
(掌声)
Translated by Jennifer Zhang
Reviewed by Alvin Lee

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Martine Rothblatt - Transhumanist
Whether she’s inventing satellite radio, developing life-saving drugs or digitizing the human mind, Martine Rothblatt has a knack for turning visionary ideas into commonplace technology.

Why you should listen

After creating satellite radio with a startup that went on to become Sirius XM, Martine Rothblatt was on the verge of retirement. But her daughter’s rare lung disease inspired her to start United Therapeutics and develop an oral medication that changed the lives of thousands of patients. Now with the Terasem Foundation, she’s researching the digital preservation of personality as a means to enable the contents of our minds to outlast our bodies.

Rothblatt’s books include The Apartheid of Sex, which (inspired by her experiences as a transgendered woman) takes on conventional wisdom surrounding gender. Her latest book, Virtually Human, explores human rights for the digital lifeforms just over the horizon.

More profile about the speaker
Martine Rothblatt | Speaker | TED.com