TED2015
Christopher Soghoian: How to avoid surveillance ... with the phone in your pocket
克里斯托弗·索伊安: 如何用手机防止窃听
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谁在窃听你的电话呢？推崇隐私的克里斯托弗·索伊安说，在固定电话上，任何人都可能在窃听，因为电话系统默认为政府设置了窃听通道。但是，这样一来外国情报机构或是罪犯也能窃听了。这就是为什么一些科技公司拒绝响应政府将同样的窃听通道植入手机和新的通信系统中的号召。这个演讲介绍了一些科技公司如何努力维持通话和信息的隐私性。
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activist
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
For more than 100 years,
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在过去的100多年里，
00:15
the telephone companies have provided
wiretapping assistance to governments.
wiretapping assistance to governments.
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电话公司一直都在为
政府窃听提供帮助。
政府窃听提供帮助。
大部分时候，这种协助是人为操作的。
00:19
For much of this time,
this assistance was manual.
this assistance was manual.
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00:22
Surveillance took place manually
and wires were connected by hand.
and wires were connected by hand.
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监管是人为的，电线是手工连接的。
通话是用磁带录制的。
00:26
Calls were recorded to tape.
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00:29
But as in so many other industries,
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但是就同许多其他产业一样，
计算机技术改变了一切。
00:31
computing has changed everything.
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00:33
The telephone companies
built surveillance features
built surveillance features
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电话公司在电话网络的最核心部分
安装了监听功能。
00:36
into the very core of their networks.
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00:39
I want that to sink in for a second:
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我希望大家能思考一下：
00:41
Our telephones and the networks
that carry our calls
that carry our calls
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我们的电话和传输通话的网络
最开始都是装有窃听器的。
00:45
were wired for surveillance first.
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这是最首要的。
00:48
First and foremost.
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00:50
So what that means is that
when you're talking to your spouse,
when you're talking to your spouse,
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这意味着当你打电话给你的配偶，
孩子、同事或者医生时，
00:54
your children, a colleague
or your doctor on the telephone,
or your doctor on the telephone,
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可能有别人在偷听。
00:58
someone could be listening.
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01:00
Now, that someone might
be your own government;
be your own government;
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这个人可能是你自己的政府，
01:03
it could also be another government,
a foreign intelligence service,
a foreign intelligence service,
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也可能是其他政府、外国情报机构，
或是黑客、罪犯或跟踪狂。
01:07
or a hacker, or a criminal, or a stalker
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或者其他任何一个闯入监控系统，
01:10
or any other party that breaks into
the surveillance system,
the surveillance system,
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侵入电话公司监控系统的组织。
01:14
that hacks into the surveillance system
of the telephone companies.
of the telephone companies.
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01:19
But while the telephone companies
have built surveillance as a priority,
have built surveillance as a priority,
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但是尽管电话公司优先建立监控系统,
硅谷的公司却没有这样做。
01:24
Silicon Valley companies have not.
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01:26
And increasingly,
over the last couple years,
over the last couple years,
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在过去的几年里，
越来越多的硅谷公司
在他们的通讯产品中
在他们的通讯产品中
01:29
Silicon Valley companies have built
strong encryption technology
strong encryption technology
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植入了强大的加密技术，
01:32
into their communications products
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使得监听极为困难。
01:34
that makes surveillance
extremely difficult.
extremely difficult.
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01:37
For example, many of you
might have an iPhone,
might have an iPhone,
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比如，你们许多人可能有苹果手机，
01:39
and if you use an iPhone
to send a text message
to send a text message
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如果你用苹果手机发送短信
给其他使用苹果手机的人，
01:42
to other people who have an iPhone,
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那些信息就不能被轻易地监控。
01:44
those text messages
cannot easily be wiretapped.
cannot easily be wiretapped.
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事实上，据苹果公司说，
01:47
And in fact, according to Apple,
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连他们自己都不能看到那些信息。
01:49
they're not able to even see
the text messages themselves.
the text messages themselves.
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01:52
Likewise, if you use FaceTime
to make an audio call
to make an audio call
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同样，如果你用苹果的视频聊天软件
和你的朋友或亲人
进行语音或视频通话，
进行语音或视频通话，
01:56
or a video call with one of your
friends or loved ones,
friends or loved ones,
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也一样不容易被监听。
01:59
that, too, cannot be easily wiretapped.
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苹果公司还不只是特例。
02:01
And it's not just Apple.
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02:03
WhatsApp, which is now owned by Facebook
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脸书公司旗下的
网络聊天软件（WhatsApp）
网络聊天软件（WhatsApp）
现在在全球有几亿的用户，
02:05
and used by hundreds of millions
of people around the world,
of people around the world,
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其产品中也安装了强大的加密技术。
02:08
also has built strong
encryption technology into its product,
encryption technology into its product,
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这意味着南半球的人民沟通时，
02:12
which means that people
in the Global South can easily communicate
in the Global South can easily communicate
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不会轻易地被专制的政府
02:15
without their governments,
often authoritarian,
often authoritarian,
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监视他们的短信。
02:18
wiretapping their text messages.
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02:21
So, after 100 years of being able
to listen to any telephone call --
to listen to any telephone call --
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监听了100多年电话通讯——
无论何时何地——
02:26
anytime, anywhere --
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可以想象如今的政府官员不太开心。
02:29
you might imagine that government
officials are not very happy.
officials are not very happy.
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事实上，这就是现状。
02:32
And in fact, that's what's happening.
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政府官员极其愤怒，
02:34
Government officials are extremely mad.
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不是因为现在有了这些加密技术。
02:36
And they're not mad because
these encryption tools are now available.
these encryption tools are now available.
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最让他们苦恼的
02:40
What upsets them the most
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是技术公司在产品中安装了加密功能，
02:42
is that the tech companies have built
encryption features into their products
encryption features into their products
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02:46
and turned them on by default.
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而且由系统默认开启。
02:48
It's the default piece that matters.
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主要矛盾就在于这种默认设置。
总之，科技公司使加密技术民主化了。
02:50
In short, the tech companies
have democratized encryption.
have democratized encryption.
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02:55
And so, government officials
like British Prime Minister David Cameron,
like British Prime Minister David Cameron,
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所以，像英国首相大卫·卡梅伦这类
政府官员们，
政府官员们，
他们相信所有的通信——
电子邮件、短信、语音通话
电子邮件、短信、语音通话
02:58
they believe that all communications --
emails, texts, voice calls --
emails, texts, voice calls --
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都应该被政府掌握，
03:03
all of these should be
available to governments,
available to governments,
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而加密技术就成了拦路虎。
03:06
and encryption is making that difficult.
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03:09
Now, look -- I'm extremely sympathetic
to their point of view.
to their point of view.
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坦率地说，
我非常理解他们的想法。
我非常理解他们的想法。
我们生活在一个危险的年代，
一个危险的世界，
一个危险的世界，
03:12
We live in a dangerous time
in a dangerous world,
in a dangerous world,
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坏人无处不在。
03:15
and there really are bad people out there.
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有恐怖分子和其他严重危害国家
安全的因素，
安全的因素，
03:17
There are terrorists and other
serious national security threats
serious national security threats
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我觉得我们都希望联邦调查局
和国家安全局来监控。
和国家安全局来监控。
03:20
that I suspect we all want
the FBI and the NSA to monitor.
the FBI and the NSA to monitor.
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03:25
But those surveillance
features come at a cost.
features come at a cost.
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但这些监控功能是有代价的。
03:29
The reason for that is
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原因在于
没有一种东西叫做恐怖分子的电脑，
03:30
that there is no such thing
as a terrorist laptop,
as a terrorist laptop,
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或者是毒贩的手机。
03:33
or a drug dealer's cell phone.
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03:34
We all use the same
communications devices.
communications devices.
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我们都用着同样的通讯工具。
03:38
What that means is that
if the drug dealers' telephone calls
if the drug dealers' telephone calls
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这意味着如果毒贩
或是恐怖分子的通话
或是恐怖分子的通话
可以被拦截的话，
03:42
or the terrorists' telephone calls
can be intercepted,
can be intercepted,
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那么我们的也可以。
03:44
then so can the rest of ours, too.
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我觉得我们真正需要问的是
03:46
And I think we really need to ask:
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全球上亿人都应该用
03:48
Should a billion people
around the world be using devices
around the world be using devices
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易于被监听的设备吗？
03:51
that are wiretap friendly?
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03:55
So the scenario of hacking of surveillance
systems that I've described --
systems that I've described --
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我所描述的侵入监控系统的情况
并不是凭空捏造的。
03:59
this is not imaginary.
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04:01
In 2009,
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在2009年，
谷歌和微软公司植入自己网络中的
监控系统——
监控系统——
04:02
the surveillance systems that Google
and Microsoft built into their networks --
and Microsoft built into their networks --
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用来回应来自警方的
04:06
the systems that they use to respond
to lawful surveillance requests
to lawful surveillance requests
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合法监控请求的系统——
04:10
from the police --
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被中国政府侵入，
04:11
those systems were compromised
by the Chinese government,
by the Chinese government,
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因为中国政府想要知道
04:14
because the Chinese government
wanted to figure out
wanted to figure out
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美国政府正在监视他们的哪些特工。
04:16
which of their own agents
the US government was monitoring.
the US government was monitoring.
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04:20
By the same token,
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同样地，
2004年，希腊沃达丰公司的
监控系统——
监控系统——
04:21
in 2004, the surveillance system
built into the network
built into the network
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04:25
of Vodafone Greece --
Greece's largest telephone company --
Greece's largest telephone company --
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希腊最大的电话公司——
被不明组织侵入，
04:28
was compromised by an unknown entity,
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而这个监控功能
04:30
and that feature,
the surveillance feature,
the surveillance feature,
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被用来监听希腊首相
04:32
was used to wiretap
the Greek Prime Minister
the Greek Prime Minister
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和希腊内阁成员。
04:35
and members of the Greek cabinet.
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04:37
The foreign government or hackers
who did that were never caught.
who did that were never caught.
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主使的外国政府或黑客至今仍未查明。
04:41
And really, this gets to the very problem
with these surveillance features,
with these surveillance features,
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而这就是这些监管功能，
或后门的问题的
或后门的问题的
关键所在。
04:45
or backdoors.
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当你在一个通讯网络或者某种科技中
04:46
When you build a backdoor
into a communications network
into a communications network
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建一个后门时，
04:50
or piece of technology,
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你是没有办法控制谁会走进去的。
04:51
you have no way of controlling
who's going to go through it.
who's going to go through it.
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04:55
You have no way of controlling
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你没有办法控制
它会为你方还是敌方所用，
04:56
whether it'll be used by your side
or the other side,
or the other side,
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为好人还是坏人所用。
04:59
by good guys, or by bad guys.
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05:01
And so for that reason,
I think that it's better
I think that it's better
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正因如此，我觉得最好
建造一个尽可能安全的网络。
05:04
to build networks
to be as secure as possible.
to be as secure as possible.
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05:08
Yes, this means that in the future,
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是的，这意味着在未来
加密技术将会使窃听变得更难。
05:10
encryption is going to make
wiretapping more difficult.
wiretapping more difficult.
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这意味着警方会更难
05:13
It means that the police
are going to have a tougher time
are going to have a tougher time
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抓到坏人。
05:15
catching bad guys.
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但如果不这么做，
我们就会生活在一个
我们就会生活在一个
05:17
But the alternative would mean
to live in a world
to live in a world
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每个人的通话或短信都可以被
05:19
where anyone's calls or anyone's
text messages could be surveilled
text messages could be surveilled
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罪犯、跟踪狂和外国情报机构
监控的世界中。
监控的世界中。
05:23
by criminals, by stalkers
and by foreign intelligence agencies.
and by foreign intelligence agencies.
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而我不想生活在那样一个世界里。
05:27
And I don't want to live
in that kind of world.
in that kind of world.
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05:30
And so right now,
you probably have the tools
you probably have the tools
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现在，你的手机或是口袋里
可能已经有工具
05:32
to thwart many kinds
of government surveillance
of government surveillance
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能够阻止多种政府监控手段。
05:35
already on your phones
and already in your pockets,
and already in your pockets,
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你可能还没意识到那些工具
有多强大、多安全，
有多强大、多安全，
05:38
you just might not realize how strong
and how secure those tools are,
and how secure those tools are,
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或其他你以前用来
通讯的方法有多脆弱。
通讯的方法有多脆弱。
05:41
or how weak the other ways
you've used to communicate really are.
you've used to communicate really are.
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05:46
And so, my message to you is this:
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所以，我想告诉大家的是：
05:50
We need to use these tools.
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我们需要用这些工具。
05:52
We need to secure our telephone calls.
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我们需要保护我们的通话。
我们需要保护我们的短信。
05:54
We need to secure our text messages.
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05:56
I want you to use these tools.
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我希望你们用这些工具。
我希望你们告诉你们的亲人、同事：
05:58
I want you to tell your loved ones,
I want you to tell your colleagues:
I want you to tell your colleagues:
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去用这些加密的通讯工具。
06:02
Use these encrypted communications tools.
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不要因为便宜或是方便而用它们，
06:04
Don't just use them
because they're cheap and easy,
because they're cheap and easy,
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而是因为它们安全。
06:07
but use them because they're secure.
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谢谢。
06:09
Thank you.
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（掌声）
06:10
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activistChristopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights.
Why you should listen
TED Fellow Christopher Soghoian is a champion of digital privacy rights, with a focus on the role that third-party service providers play in enabling governments to monitor citizens. As the principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties Union, he explores the intersection of federal surveillance and citizen's rights.
Before joining the ACLU, he was the first-ever technologist for the Federal Trade Commision's Division of Privacy and Identity Protection, where he worked on investigations of Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Netflix. Soghoian is also the creator of Do Not Track, an anti-tracking device that all major web browsers now use, and his work has been cited in court.
Christopher Soghoian | Speaker | TED.com