ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Raymond Wang - Inventor
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers.

Why you should listen

Raymond Wang is a Canadian youth innovator who is passionate about science, technology, engineering and entrepreneurship. He is one of Canada's Top 20 Under 20, and most recently, the recipient of the Gordon E. Moore award for the Top Project at the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).

Raymond enjoys exploring STEM and promoting global sustainability. His latest engineering innovations, including his work with aircraft cabin airflow and his inventions of the “Weather Harvester,” “Smart Knee Assistant” and "Smart Bin,” have achieved international recognition.

Raymond is enthusiastic about inspiring others to pursue STEM opportunities. He actively reaches out to the local community through camps & associations, in addition to communities around the world through YouTube & Modern Media.

Having a strong passion for sustainability, Raymond has founded Sustainable Youth Canada, a youth-led non-profit organization dedicated to empowering young people in Affiliated Regions established from coast to coast to be leaders in tackling issues with environmental and energy sustainability.

In his spare time, Raymond enjoys exploring music as both a National Youth Band clarinetist and an avid pianist. He is also a keen director of films and videos; many of his productions have been recognized at local film festivals. 

Raymond envisions himself pursuing a career in science, applying research and innovation with a business approach to do his part in bettering the world.

More profile about the speaker
Raymond Wang | Speaker | TED.com
TEDYouth 2015

Raymond Wang: How germs travel on planes -- and how we can stop them

雷蒙德.王: 病菌是如何在飞机上传播的——以及我们要如何阻止这种传播

Filmed:
1,821,024 views

雷蒙德.王只有17岁,但已经在帮助创建更加健康的未来。利用流体动力学,他创建了飞机上空气流动的计算模型,并发现了令人不安的事实——当有人在飞机上打喷嚏时,气流实质上帮助把病菌传播给了其他乘客。王分享了一段令人印象深刻的视频,包括喷嚏是如何在机舱内传播的以及他获奖的解决方案:一个小型的,鱼鳍状的设备,它增加了飞机中的新鲜气流,并使含有病菌的空气改道退出流通。
- Inventor
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Can I get a show显示 of hands --
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可不可以请大家举一下手——
00:15
how many许多 of you in this room房间
have been on a plane平面 in this past过去 year?
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这里有多少人在过去一年中搭乘过飞机?
00:20
That's pretty漂亮 good.
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看起来很多啊。
那么,事实证明你每年会与
00:21
Well, it turns out that you
share分享 that experience经验
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超过30亿人共享飞行的经历。
00:24
with more than three billion十亿
people every一切 year.
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当我们把这么多人放入所有这些
00:27
And when we put so many许多 people
in all these metal金属 tubes
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00:30
that fly all over the world世界,
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满世界飞行的金属管时,
有时会发生这样的事情——
00:31
sometimes有时, things like this can happen发生
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你会感染一种传染病。
00:34
and you get a disease疾病 epidemic疫情.
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00:37
I first actually其实 got into this topic话题
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我最初开始这个课题,
是在去年听说了埃博拉疫情爆发的时候。
00:39
when I heard听说 about the Ebola埃博拉病毒
outbreak暴发 last year.
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事实表明,
00:41
And it turns out that,
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尽管埃博拉病毒是在很有限的范围内,
00:43
although虽然 Ebola埃博拉病毒 spreads利差
through通过 these more range-limited范围受限,
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以飞沫传染的方式进行传播的,
00:46
large-droplet大滴 routes路线,
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00:47
there's all these other sorts排序 of diseases疾病
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还有其它很多种疾病
00:49
that can be spread传播 in the airplane飞机 cabin.
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也会在机舱中传播。
最糟糕的是,
当我们看到一些数字时,
00:51
The worst最差 part部分 is, when we take
a look at some of the numbers数字,
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会感到很恐惧。
00:54
it's pretty漂亮 scary害怕.
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00:56
So with H1N1,
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携带有H1N1的这家伙
决定了要登上飞机,
00:57
there was this guy that decided决定
to go on the plane平面
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01:00
and in the matter of a single flight飞行
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就单个航班而言,
他可以把疾病传播给其他17个人。
01:02
actually其实 spread传播 the disease疾病
to 17 other people.
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还有另一个家伙携带有“非典“病菌,
01:04
And then there was this
other guy with SARSSARS,
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登上了一个三小时的航班,
01:06
who managed管理 to go on a three-hour三小时 flight飞行
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并把疾病传播给了其他22个人。
01:08
and spread传播 the disease疾病 to 22 other people.
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我原先并不知道这种传染性竟然这么强。
01:11
That's not exactly究竟 my idea理念
of a great superpower超级大国.
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01:15
When we take a look at this,
what we also find
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看一下这张图,我们也会发现,
事先筛查出这些疾病是非常困难的。
01:18
is that it's very difficult
to pre-screen预检 for these diseases疾病.
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01:21
So when someone有人 actually其实
goes on a plane平面,
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所以,当有人上了飞机,
他们可能是病人,
01:23
they could be sick生病
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也可能处于疾病的潜伏期,
01:24
and they could actually其实
be in this latency潜伏 period
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也就是说他们会得上这种病,
01:27
in which哪一个 they could actually其实
have the disease疾病
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但是海没有表现出任何症状,
01:29
but not exhibit展示 any symptoms症状,
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于是他们就可能把疾病传染给
01:31
and they could, in turn,
spread传播 the disease疾病
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01:33
to many许多 other people in the cabin.
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机舱中的其他人。
01:35
How that actually其实 works作品 is that right now
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这到底是怎么传播的呢?
事实上,空气由机舱的顶部和侧边进入,
01:37
we've我们已经 got air空气 coming未来 in
from the top最佳 of the cabin
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01:39
and from the side of the cabin,
as you see in blue蓝色.
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就是你们看到的蓝色箭头的位置。
然后,空气通过这些
高效的过滤器离开机舱,
01:41
And then also, that air空气 goes out
through通过 these very efficient高效 filters过滤器
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01:46
that eliminate消除 99.97 percent百分
of pathogens病原体 near the outlets网点.
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出口附近99.97%的病菌都会被过滤掉。
01:51
What happens发生 right now, though虽然,
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然而,目前的情况是,
空气是按这种混合气流的方式流动着。
01:52
is that we have this
mixing混合 airflow气流 pattern模式.
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所以如果有人打了个喷嚏,
01:55
So if someone有人 were to actually其实 sneeze喷嚏,
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周围的空气就会呈漩涡态反复打转,
01:56
that air空气 would get swirled漩涡
around multiple times
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然后才有机会从过滤器排出。
01:59
before it even has a chance机会
to go out through通过 the filter过滤.
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02:03
So I thought: clearly明确地, this
is a pretty漂亮 serious严重 problem问题.
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所以我觉得这明显是个严重的问题。
我买不起飞机,
02:07
I didn't have the money
to go out and buy购买 a plane平面,
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所以我决定弄台计算机试试看。
02:10
so I decided决定 to build建立 a computer电脑 instead代替.
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事实表明,利用计算流体动力学,
02:13
It actually其实 turns out that
with computational计算 fluid流体 dynamics动力学,
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我们就能够模拟这些情况,
02:16
what we're able能够 to do
is create创建 these simulations模拟
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相较于真正进入飞机获取数据,
02:18
that give us higher更高 resolutions决议
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这样其实更方便进行数据解析。
02:20
than actually其实 physically物理 going
in and taking服用 readings读数 in the plane平面.
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02:24
And so how, essentially实质上, this works作品
is you would start开始 out
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我们的工作是从这些
02:27
with these 2D drawings图纸 --
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2D图形开始的——
网络上有很多关于这方面的技术论文。
02:29
these are floating漂浮的 around
in technical技术 papers文件 around the Internet互联网.
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我把它们导入到3D模型软件中,
02:32
I take that and then I put it
into this 3D-modelingd建模 software软件,
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建立了那个3D模型。
02:35
really building建造 that 3D model模型.
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然后我把刚刚建好的模型分解成小块,
02:37
And then I divide划分 that model模型
that I just built内置 into these tiny pieces,
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彻底打碎这个模型,
使得计算机能够更好地理解每组数据。
02:41
essentially实质上 meshing啮合 it so that
the computer电脑 can better understand理解 it.
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然后我告诉计算机空气出入机舱的位置,
02:45
And then I tell the computer电脑 where
the air空气 goes in and out of the cabin,
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在机舱内放置一些物体,
02:49
throw in a bunch of physics物理
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然后基本就可以坐在一边
直到计算机模拟完成。
02:50
and basically基本上 sit there and wait until直到
the computer电脑 calculates计算 the simulation模拟.
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02:56
So what we get, actually其实,
with the conventional常规 cabin is this:
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若是用传统的机舱,我们得到的结果是,
中间的乘客打喷嚏时,
02:59
you'll你会 notice注意 the middle中间 person sneezing打喷嚏,
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03:02
and we go "Splat!" -- it goes
right into people's人们 faces面孔.
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在“阿欠”一声后气流
就会喷向人们的脸部。
03:06
It's pretty漂亮 disgusting讨厌.
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实在有点恶心。
03:08
From the front面前, you'll你会 notice注意
those two passengers乘客
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从前面看,中间乘客身旁的
两位乘客,
03:11
sitting坐在 next下一个 to the central中央 passenger乘客
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肯定不会开心。
03:12
not exactly究竟 having a great time.
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03:14
And when we take a look
at that from the side,
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从侧边观察一下,
03:16
you'll你会 also notice注意 those pathogens病原体
spreading传播 across横过 the length长度 of the cabin.
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你也会发现那些病菌
会在机舱内前后传播。
03:22
The first thing I thought was,
"This is no good."
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我的第一反应是“这样可不好”。
03:24
So I actually其实 conducted进行
more than 32 different不同 simulations模拟
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我实际上创建了
32个不同的情况的模拟,
03:27
and ultimately最终, I came来了 up
with this solution right here.
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并最终得到了这个解决方案。
我称它为——专利审核中的——
环流入口导向器。
03:31
This is what I call a -- patent专利 pending有待 --
Global全球 Inlet进口 Director导向器.
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有了这个,我们可以把
病菌传播的可能性
03:34
With this, we're able能够 to reduce减少
pathogen病原 transmission传输
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03:37
by about 55 times,
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降低55倍,
03:39
and increase增加 fresh-air新鲜空气 inhalation吸入
by about 190 percent百分.
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并可以增加190%可吸入的新鲜空气。
那么在实际过程中如何使用呢?
03:42
So how this actually其实 works作品
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我们只需要把这块复合材料
03:44
is we would install安装 this piece
of composite综合 material材料
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03:47
into these existing现有 spots斑点
that are already已经 in the plane平面.
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安装到飞机上已经存在的这些位置。
安装成本非常低,
03:50
So it's very cost-effective经济有效 to install安装
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只需要一个晚上就能全部安装好。
03:52
and we can do this directly overnight过夜.
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所有的工作仅仅是要
上几颗螺丝,非常简单。
03:54
All we have to do is put a couple一对
of screws螺丝 in there and you're good to go.
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我们得到的结果非常惊人。
03:57
And the results结果 that we get
are absolutely绝对 amazing惊人.
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避开了那些有问题的漩涡气流模式,
04:00
Instead代替 of having those problematic问题
swirling纷飞 airflow气流 patterns模式,
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我们能够在乘客中间,
04:04
we can create创建 these walls墙壁 of air空气
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04:05
that come down in-between在两者之间 the passengers乘客
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建立起这些空气墙,
04:08
to create创建 personalized个性化 breathing呼吸 zones.
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从而创造出私人的呼吸区域。
这样你会发现当中间的乘客
再打喷嚏时,
04:09
So you'll你会 notice注意 the middle中间 passenger乘客
here is sneezing打喷嚏 again,
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我们就能够有效地迫使
带有病菌的空气向下流动,
04:12
but this time, we're able能够
to effectively有效 push that down
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直接经过滤器排出。
04:15
to the filters过滤器 for elimination消除.
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04:18
And same相同 thing from the side,
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从侧边再看一下,
可以看到我们能够直接让病菌向下流动。
04:19
you'll你会 notice注意 we're able能够 to directly
push those pathogens病原体 down.
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04:23
So if you take a look again now
at the same相同 scenario脚本
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安装了这个新的设计,
现在再看一下同样的情形,
04:27
but with this innovation革新 installed安装,
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04:28
you'll你会 notice注意 the middle中间
passenger乘客 sneezes打喷嚏,
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你会发现中间乘客打喷嚏时,
我们能够在其他人受到影响之前,
04:30
and this time, we're pushing推动
that straight直行 down into the outlet出口
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04:34
before it gets得到 a chance机会
to infect感染 any other people.
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直接把病菌向下推送并排出机舱。
可以看到中间乘客身边的两位乘客
04:37
So you'll你会 notice注意 the two passengers乘客
sitting坐在 next下一个 to the middle中间 guy
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安全不会吸入病菌。
04:40
are breathing呼吸 virtually实质上
no pathogens病原体 at all.
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再从侧边看一下,
04:43
Take a look at that from the side as well,
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这是一个非常有效的系统。
04:45
you see a very efficient高效 system系统.
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总而言之,有了这个系统,我们赢了。
04:47
And in short, with this system系统, we win赢得.
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当我们再进一步看看它的效果,
04:51
When we take a look at what this means手段,
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可以看到这不仅在当中间位置的乘客
打喷嚏时有效,
04:54
what we see is that this not only works作品
if the middle中间 passenger乘客 sneezes打喷嚏,
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04:57
but also if the window-seat窗口座位
passenger乘客 sneezes打喷嚏
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也对窗边或者过道边的乘客
非常有效。
05:00
or if the aisle-seat靠过道的座位 passenger乘客 sneezes打喷嚏.
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那么,这个解决方案
对全世界意味着什么了?
05:03
And so with this solution, what does
this mean for the world世界?
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当我们把视角从计算机模拟
05:06
Well, when we take a look at this
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05:09
from the computer电脑 simulation模拟
into real真实 life,
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转换到现实生活时,
在利用3D打印
05:12
we can see with this 3D model模型
that I built内置 over here,
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做好了这个3D模型后,
05:15
essentially实质上 using运用 3D printing印花,
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我们能够看到气流直接
05:17
we can see those same相同
airflow气流 patterns模式 coming未来 down,
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对着乘客往下流动。
05:20
right to the passengers乘客.
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在过去,“非典”足足花费了
05:22
In the past过去, the SARSSARS epidemic疫情
actually其实 cost成本 the world世界
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05:26
about 40 billion十亿 dollars美元.
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全世界400亿美元。
在将来,
05:27
And in the future未来,
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一个大型疾病的爆发可能会
花费全世界
05:29
a big disease疾病 outbreak暴发
could actually其实 cost成本 the world世界
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超过3万亿美元。
05:31
in excess过量 of three trillion dollars美元.
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以前,我们经常不得不让飞机
05:33
So before, it used to be that you had
to take an airplane飞机 out of service服务
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停飞一两个月,
05:37
for one to two months个月,
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花费大量人力以及巨资,
05:39
spend tens of thousands数千 of man hours小时
and several一些 million百万 dollars美元
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来试着解决一些问题。
05:42
to try to change更改 something.
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但现在我们只需花上一个晚上
安装一下这个东西,
05:44
But now, we're able能够 to install安装
something essentially实质上 overnight过夜
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效果就立竿见影了。
05:47
and see results结果 right away.
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实际上,现在只需要
把这个结果拿去认证,
05:49
So it's really now a matter of taking服用
this through通过 to certification证明,
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05:52
flight飞行 testing测试,
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进行飞行测试,
05:54
and going through通过 all of these
regulatory监管 approvals审批 processes流程.
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再通过这些常规的
批准过程就可以了。
事实表明,有时最好的解决方案
05:57
But it just really goes to show显示
that sometimes有时 the best最好 solutions解决方案
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恰恰就是最简单的。
06:00
are the simplest简单 solutions解决方案.
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然而就两年前,
06:01
And two years年份 ago, even,
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这个项目甚至不可能实施,
06:05
this project项目 would not have happened发生,
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只是因为那时的技术
还无法实现这种设计。
06:06
just because the technology技术 then
wouldn't不会 have supported支持的 it.
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但是有了先进的计算技术
06:09
But now with advanced高级 computing计算
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和如此发达的网络,
06:12
and how developed发达 our Internet互联网 is,
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我们现在真的处于创新的黄金时期。
06:14
it's really the golden金色 era时代 for innovation革新.
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所以今天我要问大家的问题是:
还在等什么呢?
06:17
And so the question I ask all
of you today今天 is: why wait?
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一起努力,我们今天就能创造未来。
06:20
Together一起, we can build建立 the future未来 today今天.
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06:23
Thanks谢谢.
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谢谢。
(掌声)
06:24
(Applause掌声)
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Translated by Shoudong He
Reviewed by Huazhe Xie

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Raymond Wang - Inventor
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers.

Why you should listen

Raymond Wang is a Canadian youth innovator who is passionate about science, technology, engineering and entrepreneurship. He is one of Canada's Top 20 Under 20, and most recently, the recipient of the Gordon E. Moore award for the Top Project at the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).

Raymond enjoys exploring STEM and promoting global sustainability. His latest engineering innovations, including his work with aircraft cabin airflow and his inventions of the “Weather Harvester,” “Smart Knee Assistant” and "Smart Bin,” have achieved international recognition.

Raymond is enthusiastic about inspiring others to pursue STEM opportunities. He actively reaches out to the local community through camps & associations, in addition to communities around the world through YouTube & Modern Media.

Having a strong passion for sustainability, Raymond has founded Sustainable Youth Canada, a youth-led non-profit organization dedicated to empowering young people in Affiliated Regions established from coast to coast to be leaders in tackling issues with environmental and energy sustainability.

In his spare time, Raymond enjoys exploring music as both a National Youth Band clarinetist and an avid pianist. He is also a keen director of films and videos; many of his productions have been recognized at local film festivals. 

Raymond envisions himself pursuing a career in science, applying research and innovation with a business approach to do his part in bettering the world.

More profile about the speaker
Raymond Wang | Speaker | TED.com