TED2016
Tshering Tobgay: This country isn't just carbon neutral -- it's carbon negative
策林·托杰: 一个碳平衡乃至碳负性的美丽国度
Filmed:
Readability: 4.7
4,118,176 views
在喜马拉雅山脉的深处，位于中国与印度的交界，有一个王国叫不丹，一个承诺要永远保持碳平衡的国家。在这个极具启发性的演讲中，不丹总理策林·托杰（Tshering Tobgay）阐述了他的国家将人民福祉置于经济发展之前的使命，以及设立一个世界级环境保护标准的希望。
Tshering Tobgay - Prime Minister of Bhutan
Acting on his mandate to move Bhutan into the 21st century, Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay is transforming his nation -- while maintaining its “Gross National Happiness.” Full bio
Acting on his mandate to move Bhutan into the 21st century, Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay is transforming his nation -- while maintaining its “Gross National Happiness.” Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
各位应该在猜想我穿的是什么。
00:13
In case you are wondering,
0
1520
1736
00:15
no, I'm not wearing a dress,
1
3280
2600
不，我穿的不是裙子，
00:18
and no, I'm not saying
what I'm wearing underneath.
what I'm wearing underneath.
2
6840
3320
但我也不会告诉各位
我里面穿什么。
我里面穿什么。
00:22
(Laughter)
3
10480
2816
（笑声）
00:25
This is a gho.
4
13320
1920
这是“帼”。
00:27
This is my national dress.
5
15920
1440
这是我们国家的传统服饰。
00:30
This is how all men dress in Bhutan.
6
18200
2760
不丹的男性都是这样穿，
00:34
That is how our women dress.
7
22520
2680
我们的女性是这样穿。
00:38
Like our women,
8
26320
2176
与女性类似，
00:40
we men get to wear pretty bright colors,
9
28520
3080
我们男性的服饰都相当靓丽，
但我们跟女性不同的地方是，
00:44
but unlike our women,
10
32960
1280
我们可以炫耀一下美腿。
00:47
we get to show off our legs.
11
35240
1576
00:48
(Laughter)
12
36840
2016
（笑声）
00:50
Our national dress is unique,
13
38880
1416
我们国家的传统服饰相当独特，
00:52
but this is not the only thing
that's unique about my country.
that's unique about my country.
14
40320
3200
但这不是我们国家唯一的特点。
00:56
Our promise to remain
carbon neutral is also unique,
carbon neutral is also unique,
15
44040
3136
我们对维持碳平衡的承诺
也相当独特，
也相当独特，
00:59
and this is what I'd like
to speak about today,
to speak about today,
16
47200
2216
而这就是我今天要谈的事：
01:01
our promise to remain carbon neutral.
17
49440
2360
我们国家对维持碳平衡的承诺。
01:04
But before I proceed,
I should set you the context.
I should set you the context.
18
52720
2960
但在往下解释之前，我必须
先跟各位介绍一下我国。
先跟各位介绍一下我国。
01:08
I should tell you our story.
19
56680
1480
我想先说我们的故事。
01:11
Bhutan is a small country
in the Himalayas.
in the Himalayas.
20
59440
3800
不丹是喜马拉雅山上的一个小国家。
01:16
We've been called Shangri-La,
21
64160
2136
我们曾被称为“香格里拉”，
01:18
even the last Shangri-La.
22
66320
1680
甚至是世界上最后一个香格里拉。
01:21
But let me tell you right off the bat,
we are not Shangri-La.
we are not Shangri-La.
23
69040
3416
但我要先说清楚，我们不是香格里拉。
01:24
My country is not one big monastery
24
72480
2736
我们的国家不是一个大寺庙，
里面开心和尚满街跑。
01:27
populated with happy monks.
25
75240
1656
01:28
(Laughter)
26
76920
1656
（笑声）
01:30
The reality is that
there are barely 700,000 of us
there are barely 700,000 of us
27
78600
5696
真实的情况是，
我们国家不到 70 万的人口，
我们国家不到 70 万的人口，
01:36
sandwiched between two
of the most populated countries on earth,
of the most populated countries on earth,
28
84320
4936
被夹在全球人口最多的两个国家
01:41
China and India.
29
89280
2160
中国和印度之间。
01:44
The reality is that we are a small,
underdeveloped country
underdeveloped country
30
92760
3776
真实的情况是，
我们是一个低度开发小国，
我们是一个低度开发小国，
01:48
doing our best to survive.
31
96560
1800
尽我们所能的维持生存。
01:51
But we are doing OK. We are surviving.
32
99600
2800
但我们做的还不错，
我们存活下来了。
我们存活下来了。
01:55
In fact, we are thriving,
33
103000
2120
实际上，我们是兴盛的，
我们兴盛的原因是
01:58
and the reason we are thriving
is because we've been blessed
is because we've been blessed
34
106320
3040
有伟大的国王保佑着我们。
02:02
with extraordinary kings.
35
110800
2296
02:05
Our enlightened monarchs
have worked tirelessly
have worked tirelessly
36
113120
3016
我们英明的君王孜孜不倦地
02:08
to develop our country,
37
116160
1856
建设我们的国家，
02:10
balancing economic growth carefully
38
118040
3576
小心翼翼地将经济增长
与社会发展、环境可持续性，
以及文化的保存维持平衡。
以及文化的保存维持平衡。
02:13
with social development,
environmental sustainability
environmental sustainability
39
121640
2896
02:16
and cultural preservation,
40
124560
1856
02:18
all within the framework
of good governance.
of good governance.
41
126440
2479
全部都有一个很好的管理架构。
我们把这个整体发展的成就
02:22
We call this holistic approach
to development
to development
42
130199
2857
02:25
"Gross National Happiness," or GNH.
43
133080
2720
叫做“国民幸福总值”，简称GNH。
02:29
Back in the 1970s,
44
137440
2016
回到20世纪70年代，
02:31
our fourth king famously
pronounced that for Bhutan,
pronounced that for Bhutan,
45
139480
3536
我们的第四任国王
提出了一个著名观点，
提出了一个著名观点，
02:35
Gross National Happiness is more important
than Gross National Product.
than Gross National Product.
46
143040
4536
对于不丹王国，
国民幸福总值比国民生产总值重要。
国民幸福总值比国民生产总值重要。
02:39
(Applause)
47
147600
3880
（掌声）
自此之后，
02:44
Ever since,
48
152400
1200
02:46
all development in Bhutan
is driven by GNH,
is driven by GNH,
49
154320
3760
不丹的一切发展都以GNH为基础，
02:51
a pioneering vision
that aims to improve the happiness
that aims to improve the happiness
50
159080
3896
这个极具前瞻性的愿景，
就是要促进我们国家
人民的幸福与福利。
人民的幸福与福利。
02:55
and well-being of our people.
51
163000
1840
02:58
But that's easier said than done,
52
166760
2176
但说比做容易，
03:00
especially when you are one
of the smallest economies in the world.
of the smallest economies in the world.
53
168960
3920
对于全世界最小的经济体之一
则更是如此。
则更是如此。
03:05
Our entire GDP is less
than two billion dollars.
than two billion dollars.
54
173360
3320
我们全国的国民生产总值
不到20亿美金。
不到20亿美金。
我知道在座有些人的财产比这多很多。
03:09
I know that some of you here
are worth more --
are worth more --
55
177920
2496
03:12
(Laughter)
56
180440
1256
（笑声）
03:13
individually
57
181720
1536
个人的身价，
03:15
than the entire economy of my country.
58
183280
2480
甚至比我国加总起来还要多。
03:20
So our economy is small,
59
188640
2216
所以，我们的经济体很小，
03:22
but here is where it gets interesting.
60
190880
1810
但这也是有趣的地方。
03:26
Education is completely free.
61
194000
1760
我们的教育完全免费。
全体公民享有免费的学校教育，
03:28
All citizens are guaranteed
free school education,
free school education,
62
196360
3056
03:31
and those that work hard
are given free college education.
are given free college education.
63
199440
2976
努力工作的人享有免费的大学教育。
03:34
Healthcare is also completely free.
64
202440
2456
卫生保健也是完全免费。
03:36
Medical consultation,
medical treatment, medicines:
medical treatment, medicines:
65
204920
3056
诊断、医疗、药品：
03:40
they are all provided by the state.
66
208000
1880
全部由政府提供。
03:43
We manage this
67
211440
1200
我们能够做到这些，
03:45
because we use our limited
resources very carefully,
resources very carefully,
68
213560
3160
是因为我们很小心翼翼地
使用我们有限的资源，
使用我们有限的资源，
03:49
and because we stay faithful
to the core mission of GNH,
to the core mission of GNH,
69
217600
5656
也因为我们忠于GNH的核心任务，
03:55
which is development with values.
70
223280
2800
也就是有价值的发展。
03:59
Our economy is small,
and we must strengthen it.
and we must strengthen it.
71
227600
2896
我们的经济体小，
而我们必须强化它。
而我们必须强化它。
04:02
Economic growth is important,
72
230520
2176
经济成长很重要，
04:04
but that economic growth must not come
from undermining our unique culture
from undermining our unique culture
73
232720
5136
但经济成长不能建立在
破坏我们的独特文化
破坏我们的独特文化
04:09
or our pristine environment.
74
237880
3080
或纯净的原始环境之上。
04:14
Today, our culture is flourishing.
75
242680
1680
今日，我们的文化是繁荣的。
04:17
We continue to celebrate
our art and architecture,
our art and architecture,
76
245080
3696
我们会继续歌颂我们的艺术和建筑、
04:20
food and festivals,
77
248800
1600
食物和节日、
04:23
monks and monasteries.
78
251880
2080
僧侣和寺庙。
04:26
And yes, we celebrate
our national dress, too.
our national dress, too.
79
254760
3880
当然，我们也会歌颂我们国家的服饰。
04:32
This is why I can wear my gho with pride.
80
260480
3520
这就是为什么我可以
无比自豪地穿着“帼”。
无比自豪地穿着“帼”。
这里有一件有趣的事实：
04:37
Here's a fun fact:
81
265200
1240
04:39
you're looking
at the world's biggest pocket.
at the world's biggest pocket.
82
267520
2600
你现在看到的是全世界最大的口袋。
04:42
(Laughter)
83
270760
2336
（笑声）
04:45
It starts here,
84
273120
2016
口袋从这边开始，
04:47
goes around the back,
85
275160
2176
一直到后面，
04:49
and comes out from inside here.
86
277360
2480
然后，从这里面出来。
04:52
In this pocket
87
280400
1496
在口袋里，
04:53
we store all manner of personal goods
88
281920
3016
我们放进了所有的个人物品，
04:56
from phones and wallets
89
284960
1920
从手机和皮夹，
到iPad、办公文件还有书。
05:00
to iPads, office files and books.
90
288280
3016
05:03
(Laughter)
91
291320
1216
（笑声）
05:04
(Applause)
92
292560
1696
（掌声）
05:06
But sometimes --
93
294280
2536
但有时候──
05:08
sometimes even precious cargo.
94
296840
3000
有时候甚至是我们珍贵的宝宝。
我们的文化是欣欣向荣的，
05:14
So our culture is flourishing,
95
302200
1600
05:16
but so is our environment.
96
304560
2456
我们的环境也是。
05:19
72 percent of my country
is under forest cover.
is under forest cover.
97
307040
3400
我的国家72%被森林覆盖。
05:23
Our constitution demands
that a minimum of 60 percent
that a minimum of 60 percent
98
311440
4976
我们的宪法规定
不丹至少有60%的土地
必须永远维持森林覆盖。
必须永远维持森林覆盖。
05:28
of Bhutan's total land
shall remain under forest cover
shall remain under forest cover
99
316440
3696
05:32
for all time.
100
320160
1216
05:33
(Applause)
101
321400
2520
（掌声）
我们的宪法，
05:39
Our constitution,
102
327080
1520
05:41
this constitution,
103
329240
1560
这本宪法，
05:44
imposes forest cover on us.
104
332000
2240
将森林覆盖强加在我们的土地上。
05:47
Incidentally, our king
used this constitution
used this constitution
105
335880
4216
顺便一提，我们的国王用这本宪法
05:52
to impose democracy on us.
106
340120
1760
将民主强加在我们身上。
05:54
You see, we the people
didn't want democracy.
didn't want democracy.
107
342640
3176
你看，我们的人民不想要民主。
05:57
We didn't ask for it, we didn't demand it,
108
345840
2976
我们不要求民主，我们不奢求民主，
06:00
and we certainly didn't fight for it.
109
348840
1800
我们更不会为民主而战。
06:03
Instead, our king imposed democracy on us
110
351280
4696
反而是我们的国王坚持，
06:08
by insisting that he include it
in the constitution.
in the constitution.
111
356000
2840
要在宪法里面强加民主给我们。
06:12
But he went further.
112
360520
1240
但他更进一步。
06:14
He included provisions in the constitution
113
362480
2640
他在宪法里面规定，
授权给人民可以弹劾他们的国王，
06:18
that empower the people
to impeach their kings,
to impeach their kings,
114
366320
3040
06:22
and included provisions in here
that require all our kings to retire
that require all our kings to retire
115
370080
5536
更在宪法中规定，
我们的国王必须在65岁时退休。
06:27
at the age of 65.
116
375640
1440
06:30
(Applause)
117
378440
1456
（掌声）
06:31
Fact is, we already have
a king in retirement:
a king in retirement:
118
379920
4320
事实上，我们已经有一个退休的国王：
我们的前国王，伟大的四世，
06:36
our previous king, the Great Fourth,
119
384840
3296
06:40
retired 10 years ago
120
388160
2456
在10年前，
他最受拥戴的时候退休了。
他最受拥戴的时候退休了。
06:42
at the peak of his popularity.
121
390640
2280
06:45
He was all of 51 years at that time.
122
393720
3960
他那时候只有51岁。
06:51
So as I was saying,
123
399080
1320
所以，就如我所说的，
06:53
72 percent of our country
is under forest cover,
is under forest cover,
124
401480
3416
我们国家的森林覆盖率为72%，
06:56
and all that forest is pristine.
125
404920
2240
所有的森林都是原始森林。
06:59
That's why we are one of the few remaining
126
407720
2376
所以我们是世上少数几个
07:02
global biodiversity hotspots in the world,
127
410120
3016
仍保持生物多样性的热门景点，
07:05
and that's why we are
a carbon neutral country.
a carbon neutral country.
128
413160
2360
而这就是为什么我们
是一个碳平衡国家。
是一个碳平衡国家。
07:08
In a world that is threatened
with climate change,
with climate change,
129
416360
2336
在全球被气候变化所威胁时，
07:10
we are a carbon neutral country.
130
418720
2920
我们仍是一个碳平衡国家。
07:15
Turns out, it's a big deal.
131
423480
1760
事实证明，这件事很不得了。
07:17
Of the 200-odd countries
in the world today,
in the world today,
132
425920
2376
当今世界上的200多个国家，
07:20
it looks like we are the only one
133
428320
1760
看起来，只有我们是唯一一个
碳平衡的国家。
碳平衡的国家。
07:22
that's carbon neutral.
134
430560
1240
07:25
Actually, that's not quite accurate.
135
433520
1960
实际上，这样形容不太准确。
07:29
Bhutan is not carbon neutral.
136
437040
1840
不丹不是碳平衡国家。
07:31
Bhutan is carbon negative.
137
439920
2320
不丹是碳负性的国家。
07:35
Our entire country generates
2.2 million tons of carbon dioxide,
2.2 million tons of carbon dioxide,
138
443600
6936
我们整个国家每年产出
220万吨的二氧化碳，
220万吨的二氧化碳，
07:42
but our forests, they sequester
more than three times that amount,
more than three times that amount,
139
450560
3840
但我们的森林固定的碳元素
达到这个量的三倍以上，
达到这个量的三倍以上，
07:47
so we are a net carbon sink
140
455720
2136
所以我们是一个净碳槽，
每年吸收超过400万吨的二氧化碳。
每年吸收超过400万吨的二氧化碳。
07:49
for more than four million tons
of carbon dioxide each year.
of carbon dioxide each year.
141
457880
3920
但不仅如此。
07:55
But that's not all.
142
463160
1256
07:56
(Applause)
143
464440
2096
（掌声）
07:58
We export most
of the renewable electricity
of the renewable electricity
144
466560
3096
我们还可以出口大部分
从湍急河流产出的可再生电力。
08:01
we generate from our fast-flowing rivers.
145
469680
2160
08:05
So today, the clean energy that we export
146
473160
3416
所以现今，我们出口的绿色能源
08:08
offsets about six million tons
of carbon dioxide in our neighborhood.
of carbon dioxide in our neighborhood.
147
476600
5080
为我们的邻居抵销了
大约600万吨的二氧化碳。
大约600万吨的二氧化碳。
08:14
By 2020, we'll be exporting
enough electricity
enough electricity
148
482240
3936
在2020年前，我们将出口足够的电力，
08:18
to offset 17 million tons
of carbon dioxide.
of carbon dioxide.
149
486200
3680
来抵销1700万吨的二氧化碳。
08:22
And if we were to harness
even half our hydropower potential,
even half our hydropower potential,
150
490680
3256
如果我们能利用至少
一半的水力发电潜力，
一半的水力发电潜力，
08:25
and that's exactly what we are working at,
151
493960
2040
那也是我们正在努力的地方，
08:29
the clean, green energy that we export
152
497120
2376
我们出口的干净、绿色能源，
08:31
would offset something like
50 million tons of carbon dioxide a year.
50 million tons of carbon dioxide a year.
153
499520
5120
将每年可以抵消将近
5000万吨的二氧化碳。
5000万吨的二氧化碳。
这个数字比纽约整个城市
一整年产出的二氧化碳还要多。
一整年产出的二氧化碳还要多。
08:38
That is more CO2 than what the entire city
of New York generates in one year.
of New York generates in one year.
154
506320
5880
08:45
So inside our country,
we are a net carbon sink.
we are a net carbon sink.
155
513159
3097
所以，对内，我们国家
本身就是一个净碳槽。
本身就是一个净碳槽。
08:48
Outside, we are offsetting carbon.
156
516280
2536
对外，我们还能帮助其它国家减碳。
08:50
And this is important stuff.
157
518840
1360
这是很重要的事情。
08:53
You see, the world is getting warmer,
158
521240
1799
你看，地球逐渐变暖，
08:55
and climate change is a reality.
159
523840
2280
而气候变化也是事实。
08:59
Climate change is affecting my country.
160
527440
2240
气候变化正在影响我的国家。
09:02
Our glaciers are melting,
161
530280
1440
我们的冰川正在融化，
09:04
causing flash floods and landslides,
162
532360
2496
造成瞬间的洪水与山崩，
09:06
which in turn are causing disaster
and widespread destruction in our country.
and widespread destruction in our country.
163
534880
4440
这些都造成了灾害，
而且大范围地重创我们的国家。
而且大范围地重创我们的国家。
09:13
I was at that lake recently.
164
541560
1640
我最近到过这湖边。
09:15
It's stunning.
165
543760
1240
场景真的令人触目惊心。
09:18
That's how it looked 10 years ago,
166
546240
2976
这是它10年前的景色，
这是它20年前的景色，
09:21
and that's how it looked 20 years ago.
167
549240
2600
09:24
Just 20 years ago, that lake didn't exist.
168
552320
2840
才20年前，那个湖根本不存在啊！
09:27
It was a solid glacier.
169
555880
1800
它之前是固态的冰川。
09:31
A few years ago, a similar lake
170
559520
2040
几年前，一个类似的湖泊
09:34
breached its dams
171
562760
1400
冲破了堤坝，
09:37
and wreaked havoc in the valleys below.
172
565920
2240
在下游的山谷造成严重破坏。
09:42
That destruction
was caused by one glacier lake.
was caused by one glacier lake.
173
570360
3016
这个破坏是由一个冰川湖所造成。
09:45
We have 2,700 of them to contend with.
174
573400
3920
我们有2700个这种湖泊要应付。
09:50
The point is this:
175
578640
1240
但重点是：
09:52
my country and my people have done nothing
176
580800
3816
我的国家跟人民并没有做什么事
使得全球变暖更加严重，
09:56
to contribute to global warming,
177
584640
1880
09:59
but we are already bearing the brunt
of its consequences.
of its consequences.
178
587920
4120
但我们却首当其冲地要面对
全球变暖所造成的后果。
全球变暖所造成的后果。
10:05
And for a small, poor country,
one that is landlocked and mountainous,
one that is landlocked and mountainous,
179
593640
3936
这对一个贫困、
多山的内陆小国而言
多山的内陆小国而言
10:09
it is very difficult.
180
597600
1760
是相当艰辛的。
10:12
But we are not going to sit
on our hands doing nothing.
on our hands doing nothing.
181
600320
2616
但我们不会两手一摊什么事都不做。
10:14
We will fight climate change.
182
602960
1400
我们会为气候变化而战。
10:16
That's why we have promised
to remain carbon neutral.
to remain carbon neutral.
183
604920
3560
这也是为什么我们承诺
保持碳平衡的原因。
保持碳平衡的原因。
10:22
We first made this promise in 2009
184
610480
4336
我们早在2009年，
就首次宣示这项承诺，
就首次宣示这项承诺，
就在哥本哈根
第15届全球气候变化大会上，
第15届全球气候变化大会上，
10:26
during COP 15 in Copenhagen,
185
614840
2760
但没有人注意到我们。
10:30
but nobody noticed.
186
618800
1200
10:32
Governments were so busy
arguing with one another
arguing with one another
187
620960
2656
各国忙着彼此争论，
10:35
and blaming each other
for causing climate change,
for causing climate change,
188
623640
2936
互相指责对方造成了气候变化，
10:38
that when a small country
raised our hands and announced,
raised our hands and announced,
189
626600
3656
所以当我们这种小国家，举手宣誓
10:42
"We promise to remain
carbon neutral for all time,"
carbon neutral for all time,"
190
630280
3096
“我们承诺永远保持碳平衡”时，
10:45
nobody heard us.
191
633400
1200
根本没人理睬我们。
10:47
Nobody cared.
192
635880
1200
没有人在乎。
10:51
Last December in Paris,
193
639400
1800
去年12月在巴黎举行的
第21届全球气候变化大会上，
第21届全球气候变化大会上，
10:54
at COP 21, we reiterated our promise
194
642480
3256
我们重申我们的承诺，
10:57
to remain carbon neutral
for all time to come.
for all time to come.
195
645760
2560
未来都会保持碳平衡的立场。
11:01
This time, we were heard.
196
649760
1320
这一次，我们的声音被听见了。
11:03
We were noticed, and everybody cared.
197
651880
2400
我们被注意到了，每个人都相当关心。
11:09
What was different in Paris
was that governments came round together
was that governments came round together
198
657200
4936
巴黎气候变化大会
与之前不同的地方是，
与之前不同的地方是，
各国政府意识到
并接受气候变化的事实，
并接受气候变化的事实，
11:14
to accept the realities of climate change,
199
662160
2616
11:16
and were willing to come together
and act together and work together.
and act together and work together.
200
664800
3360
一起行动、一起努力的意愿
非常强烈。
非常强烈。
所有的国家，从小国到大国，
11:21
All countries, from the very small
to the very large,
to the very large,
201
669000
3160
都愿意承诺降低温室气体的排放。
11:25
committed to reduce
the greenhouse gas emissions.
the greenhouse gas emissions.
202
673440
3920
11:30
The UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change
on Climate Change
203
678680
3096
联合国气候变化纲要公约说明，
11:33
says that if these so-called
intended commitments are kept,
intended commitments are kept,
204
681800
4760
如果这些所谓的“承诺”能维持，
我们的全球变暖温度就可能
维持在两摄氏度以内。
维持在两摄氏度以内。
11:39
we'd be closer
to containing global warming
to containing global warming
205
687400
2216
11:41
by two degrees Celsius.
206
689640
1360
11:46
By the way,
207
694440
1200
顺便说一下，
11:48
I've requested the TED organizers here
208
696640
2736
我已要求 TED 这边的筹办单位，
11:51
to turn up the heat in here
by two degrees,
by two degrees,
209
699400
3880
把室内的空调温度提高两度，
所以，如果各位觉得比平常稍热，
11:56
so if some of you
are feeling warmer than usual,
are feeling warmer than usual,
210
704520
2816
你知道要怪谁了吧！
11:59
you know who to blame.
211
707360
1200
12:03
It's crucial that all of us
keep our commitments.
keep our commitments.
212
711520
3640
我们每个人都遵守承诺很重要。
就不丹而言，
12:07
As far as Bhutan is concerned,
213
715600
1456
12:09
we will keep our promise
to remain carbon neutral.
to remain carbon neutral.
214
717080
3440
我们会继续信守对碳平衡的承诺。
我们已经开始执行一些方法。
12:13
Here are some of the ways we are doing it.
215
721560
2040
我们提供免费电力给乡村的农夫。
12:16
We are providing free electricity
to our rural farmers.
to our rural farmers.
216
724760
2840
这个想法就是，有了免费电力，
12:20
The idea is that, with free electricity,
they will no longer have to use firewood
they will no longer have to use firewood
217
728240
6296
他们就不会用煤炭
来烹煮他们的食物。
来烹煮他们的食物。
12:26
to cook their food.
218
734560
1200
我们正对可持续运输进行投资，
12:28
We are investing in sustainable transport
219
736520
2816
12:31
and subsidizing the purchase
of electric vehicles.
of electric vehicles.
220
739360
3456
并补助人民购买电动车。
12:34
Similarly, we are subsidizing
the cost of LED lights,
the cost of LED lights,
221
742840
4136
同样地，我们也补助 LED 灯的费用。
我们所有政府单位正尝试
往无纸作业方向努力。
往无纸作业方向努力。
12:39
and our entire government
is trying to go paperless.
is trying to go paperless.
222
747000
4296
我们实行国策“洁净不丹”
来让国家更加干净。
来让国家更加干净。
12:43
We are cleaning up our entire country
through Clean Bhutan, a national program,
through Clean Bhutan, a national program,
223
751320
4496
并实行另一个国策“绿色不丹”，
12:47
and we are planting trees
throughout our country
throughout our country
224
755840
3136
12:51
through Green Bhutan,
225
759000
1440
在全国上下栽种更多的植物。
12:53
another national program.
226
761160
2120
12:56
But it is our protected areas
227
764320
2176
但是，我们所要保护的区域，
12:58
that are at the core
of our carbon neutral strategy.
of our carbon neutral strategy.
228
766520
3320
才是我们碳平衡策略的核心。
13:02
Our protected areas are our carbon sink.
229
770320
3216
我们保护的区域就是我们的净碳槽。
13:05
They are our lungs.
230
773560
1800
它们是我们呼吸的肺。
13:08
Today, more than half
our country is protected,
our country is protected,
231
776880
3496
现在，我们有
超过一半的国土是保护区，
超过一半的国土是保护区，
像是国家公园、自然保护区，
13:12
as national parks, nature reserves
232
780400
2376
13:14
and wildlife sanctuaries.
233
782800
1920
和野生动物保护区。
13:17
But the beauty is that we've connected
them all with one another
them all with one another
234
785400
4096
但美妙之处在于，
我们通过生态网络走廊，
我们通过生态网络走廊，
13:21
through a network of biological corridors.
235
789520
2920
将它们彼此连接起来。
13:26
Now, what this means
236
794120
1256
意思就是，
13:27
is that our animals are free
to roam throughout our country.
to roam throughout our country.
237
795400
3920
我们的动物可以自由地
漫步在整个国家。
漫步在整个国家。
13:33
Take this tiger, for example.
238
801760
1416
拿这只老虎为例，
它曾经在炎热的亚热带丛林中，
海平面以上250米处被发现。
海平面以上250米处被发现。
13:35
It was spotted
at 250 meters above sea level
at 250 meters above sea level
239
803200
3696
13:38
in the hot, subtropical jungles.
240
806920
2320
两年后，同样的老虎，
13:42
Two years later, that same tiger
241
810040
2976
13:45
was spotted near 4,000 meters
242
813040
3496
在将近4000米海拔的寒冷高山区
也被发现了。
也被发现了。
13:48
in our cold alpine mountains.
243
816560
2520
是不是很了不起？
13:51
Isn't that awesome?
244
819840
1200
13:53
(Applause)
245
821720
4056
（掌声）
我们必须继续保持下去。
13:57
We must keep it that way.
246
825800
1840
14:00
We must keep our parks awesome.
247
828480
2080
我们的保护区必须继续给人惊喜。
14:03
So every year, we set aside resources
to prevent poaching, hunting,
to prevent poaching, hunting,
248
831840
4696
因此每年，我们都会预留资源，
来预防偷猎、打猎、
来预防偷猎、打猎、
开垦、污染我们的保护区，
14:08
mining and pollution in our parks,
249
836560
2376
14:10
and resources to help communities
who live in those parks
who live in those parks
250
838960
5136
并协助住在这些保护区的社区居民
管理他们的森林、
14:16
manage their forests,
251
844120
1496
适应气候变化、
14:17
adapt to climate change,
252
845640
1456
14:19
and lead better lives while continuing
to live in harmony with Mother Nature.
to live in harmony with Mother Nature.
253
847120
4000
在提高生活质量的同时
与大自然母亲和谐相处。
与大自然母亲和谐相处。
但这是需要付出昂贵代价的。
14:24
But that is expensive.
254
852600
1240
14:26
Over the next few years,
our small economy won't have the resources
our small economy won't have the resources
255
854640
5736
接下来的几年，我们这个小经济体
将不会有足够的资金
来保护我们的环境。
来保护我们的环境。
14:32
to cover all the costs that are required
to protect our environment.
to protect our environment.
256
860400
3720
事实上，我们进行财务评估时，
14:37
In fact, when we run the numbers,
257
865560
1616
14:39
it looks like it'll take us
at least 15 years
at least 15 years
258
867200
2696
我们发觉至少得花15年的时间，
14:41
before we can fully finance
all our conservation efforts.
all our conservation efforts.
259
869920
4160
才够支付我们所有的保护工作。
14:47
But neither Bhutan,
260
875280
1240
但不仅是不丹，
全世界也无法
14:49
nor the world
261
877720
1200
承受得起花15年时间
使发展水平倒退。
使发展水平倒退。
14:51
can afford to spend 15 years
going backwards.
going backwards.
262
879480
3160
这就是为什么我们的国王陛下
14:56
This is why His Majesty the King
263
884600
2240
14:59
started Bhutan For Life.
264
887720
1640
要实行“不丹永存”的国策。
“不丹永存”国策给我们足够的时间。
15:02
Bhutan For Life gives us the time we need.
265
890320
2576
它给予我们喘息的余地。
15:04
It gives us breathing room.
266
892920
1400
它本质上是一种募集资金机制，
15:07
It is essentially a funding mechanism
267
895120
2376
15:09
to look after our parks,
268
897520
1936
用以照顾我们的公园、
15:11
to protect our parks,
269
899480
1440
保护我们的公园，
15:13
until our government
can take over on our own fully.
can take over on our own fully.
270
901680
2880
直到我们的政府
有能力可以完全接手。
有能力可以完全接手。
想法是，从个人捐赠、法人机构
15:17
The idea is to raise a transition fund
271
905720
3776
来募集转型基金，
15:21
from individual donors,
corporations and institutions,
corporations and institutions,
272
909520
3320
但直到预设的条件达到，
及所有资金到位后才会关闭募资。
及所有资金到位后才会关闭募资。
15:25
but the deal is closed only
after predetermined conditions are met
after predetermined conditions are met
273
913840
4536
15:30
and all funds committed.
274
918400
1600
15:32
So multiparty, single closing:
275
920920
2920
所以要多方募资、单方停止：
15:36
an idea we borrowed from Wall Street.
276
924360
2160
这想法是从华尔街借鉴的。
15:39
This means that individual donors
can commit without having to worry
can commit without having to worry
277
927680
4296
这表示个人捐赠者可以完全不必担心
赞助了一个无法完成募资的计划。
15:44
that they'll be left
supporting an underfunded plan.
supporting an underfunded plan.
278
932000
3960
这有点像众筹平台
Kickstarter上的项目，
Kickstarter上的项目，
15:49
It's something like a Kickstarter project,
279
937480
2256
只是，这是长达15年的项目，
15:51
only with a 15-year time horizon
280
939760
2376
涉及到上百万吨的二氧化碳。
15:54
and millions of tons
of carbon dioxide at stake.
of carbon dioxide at stake.
281
942160
3320
当募资关闭的时候，
15:58
Once the deal is closed,
282
946400
1720
16:01
we use the transition fund
to protect our parks,
to protect our parks,
283
949320
4056
我们会利用转换基金
来保护我们的公园、
来保护我们的公园、
给我们政府时间
16:05
giving our government time
to increase our own funding gradually
to increase our own funding gradually
284
953400
5176
来慢慢增加我们的自有资金
直到15年结束。
直到15年结束。
16:10
until the end of the 15-year period.
285
958600
2016
之后，我们的政府保证永远全额资助。
16:12
After that, our government
guarantees full funding forever.
guarantees full funding forever.
286
960640
5560
16:20
We are almost there.
287
968120
1200
我们快要实现了。
16:21
We expect to close later this year.
288
969800
1840
我们预计今年底完成募资。
当然，我相当兴奋。
16:24
Naturally, I'm pretty excited.
289
972640
1696
16:26
(Applause)
290
974360
3640
（掌声）
世界自然基金会（WWF）
是我们这趟旅程中最主要的伙伴，
是我们这趟旅程中最主要的伙伴，
16:32
The World Wildlife Fund
is our principle partner in this journey,
is our principle partner in this journey,
291
980280
6040
我要大声地公开感谢
16:38
and I want to give them a big shoutout
292
986960
2056
他们为不丹及全世界所做的一切。
16:41
for the excellent work
they are doing in Bhutan
they are doing in Bhutan
293
989040
2320
16:44
and across the world.
294
992160
1256
（掌声）
16:45
(Applause)
295
993440
3576
呼，现在好像有点热了。
16:49
Whew, it is getting warm in here.
296
997040
1960
17:04
I thank you for listening to our story,
297
1012320
2000
我要感谢各位聆听我们的故事，
一个我们如何信守
对碳平衡承诺的故事，
对碳平衡承诺的故事，
17:07
a story of how we are keeping
our promise to remain carbon neutral,
our promise to remain carbon neutral,
298
1015120
4536
一个我们如何保持
国家原始纯洁的故事，
国家原始纯洁的故事，
17:11
a story of how we are keeping
our country pristine,
our country pristine,
299
1019680
3720
这都是为了我们自己、
我们孩子的将来，
我们孩子的将来，
17:16
for ourselves, our children,
300
1024359
1681
为了你们孩子、
全世界的将来。
全世界的将来。
17:18
for your children and for the world.
301
1026760
2079
但我们不是来这里
讲故事的，对吧？
讲故事的，对吧？
17:22
But we are not here
to tell stories, are we?
to tell stories, are we?
302
1030560
2080
我们在这里一起梦想。
17:25
We are here to dream together.
303
1033640
2760
17:29
So in closing, I'd like to share
one more dream that I have.
one more dream that I have.
304
1037319
3760
所以结束前，我要向各位
分享我的一个梦想。
分享我的一个梦想。
要是大家可以一起动员
我们的领袖及我们的资源、
我们的领袖及我们的资源、
17:34
What if we could mobilize
our leadership and our resources,
our leadership and our resources,
305
1042200
3616
17:37
our influence and our passion,
306
1045839
2657
我们的影响力及热情，
17:40
to replicate the Bhutan For Life idea
to other countries
to other countries
307
1048520
3296
来复制“不丹永存”的想法给全世界，
17:43
so that they too
308
1051840
1440
那么他们也可以永远
保存自己的保护区。
保存自己的保护区。
17:46
can conserve their
protected areas for all time.
protected areas for all time.
309
1054640
2280
17:50
After all, there are many other countries
who face the same issues that we face.
who face the same issues that we face.
310
1058160
3762
毕竟，现在有很多的国家
也面临我们正面临的困境。
也面临我们正面临的困境。
17:53
They too have natural resources
311
1061946
2190
他们也有自然资源，
17:56
that can help win the world's fight
for sustainability,
for sustainability,
312
1064160
2920
可以帮助赢得这场
全球可持续发展的战争，
全球可持续发展的战争，
只是他们现在没有能力
资助他们自己。
资助他们自己。
18:00
only they may not have the ability
to invest in them now.
to invest in them now.
313
1068160
2896
18:03
So what if we set up Earth For Life,
314
1071080
2440
所以，要是我们能设立
“地球永存”全球性融资计划，
“地球永存”全球性融资计划，
18:06
a global fund, to kickstart
the Bhutan For Life throughout the world?
the Bhutan For Life throughout the world?
315
1074120
4080
将“不丹永存”模式复制到全世界？
我邀请各位帮助我，
18:12
I invite you to help me,
316
1080320
1480
18:14
to carry this dream beyond our borders
317
1082720
2456
让我们打破疆界，
为了我们地球的未来
为了我们地球的未来
18:17
to all those who care
about our planet's future.
about our planet's future.
318
1085200
4440
一起来圆这个梦想。
18:22
After all, we're here to dream together,
319
1090880
3280
毕竟，我们在这里就是要一起梦想、
一起合作、
18:27
to work together,
320
1095000
1776
一起对抗气候变迁、
一起保护我们的地球。
一起保护我们的地球。
18:28
to fight climate change together,
to protect our planet together.
to protect our planet together.
321
1096800
3600
因为，现实是，
18:33
Because the reality is
322
1101080
1760
大家都是同舟共命。
18:36
we are in it together.
323
1104280
1400
18:38
Some of us might dress differently,
324
1106720
2080
虽然我们穿着的服饰不同，
18:41
but we are in it together.
325
1109520
1240
但我们都住在同一个地球上。
18:43
Thank you very much,
326
1111720
1280
非常谢谢各位，
18:45
and kadrin chhe la. Thank you.
327
1113320
1896
（不丹语）感恩，谢谢。
（掌声）
18:47
(Applause)
328
1115240
1616
谢谢！谢谢各位，谢谢各位。
18:48
Thank you, thank you, thank you.
329
1116880
1640
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tshering Tobgay - Prime Minister of BhutanActing on his mandate to move Bhutan into the 21st century, Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay is transforming his nation -- while maintaining its “Gross National Happiness.”
Why you should listen
Tshering Tobgay went from civil servant to politician to prime minister -- all the while maintaining his star social media profile in one of Asia’s most progressive emerging states. As the second democratically elected Prime Minister of Bhutan, Tobgay continues to emphasize his country’s core value of happiness.
Bhutan's acclaimed "Gross National Happiness" index prioritizes well-being over financial growth. But Tobgay also seeks to solve Bhutan's great challenges: unemployment, poverty, gaps in education and infrastructure. WIth a foundation of optimism, his administration and the country's young democracy hope to become a paragon of stability in the developing world.
Tshering Tobgay | Speaker | TED.com