ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grant - Organizational psychologist
After years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others.

Why you should listen

In his groundbreaking book Give and Take, top-rated Wharton professor Adam Grant upended decades of conventional motivational thinking with the thesis that giving unselfishly to colleagues or clients can lead to one’s own long-term success. Grant’s research has led hundreds of advice seekers (and HR departments) to his doorstep, and it’s changing the way leaders view their workforces.

Grant's book Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World examines how unconventional thinkers overturn the status quo and champion game-changing ideas.

Grant is the host of the TED original podcast WorkLife, taking us inside unconventional workplaces to explore the ideas we can all use to make work more meaningful and creative.

More profile about the speaker
Adam Grant | Speaker | TED.com
TED2016

Adam Grant: The surprising habits of original thinkers

亚当·格兰特: 原创思维者的惊人特质

Filmed:
15,037,019 views

有创造力的人是如何产生伟大想法的呢?组织心理学家亚当·格兰特研究“原创者”:那些梦想出新想法并付诸实践的思考者。在这个演讲中,您可以了解原创者的三个意想不到的特质——包括接受失败。“最伟大的原创者是那些失败得最多的人,因为他们也是尝试得最多的人,”格兰特如是说,“你需要一大堆的坏主意,才能获得几个绝佳的想法。”
- Organizational psychologist
After years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Seven years年份 ago, a student学生 came来了 to me
and asked me to invest投资 in his company公司.
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七年前,一个学生找到我,
请求我为他们的公司投资。
00:17
He said, "I'm working加工 with three friends朋友,
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他说,“我和三位朋友合作,
00:19
and we're going to try to disrupt破坏
an industry行业 by selling销售 stuff东东 online线上."
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我们要在网上卖东西,
然后颠覆整个行业。”
00:23
And I said, "OK, you guys spent花费
the whole整个 summer夏季 on this, right?"
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然后我说,“好吧,
你们整个夏天都在做这个,对吧?”
00:26
"No, we all took internships实习
just in case案件 it doesn't work out."
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“没有啊,我们都参加了实习,
以防万一它没有成功。”
00:29
"All right, but you're going to
go in full充分 time once一旦 you graduate毕业."
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”好吧,但是你们毕业之后
要全职投入在这个项目中啊。“
00:33
"Not exactly究竟. We've我们已经 all
lined up backup备用 jobs工作."
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”不完全对吧。
我们都想好了备选的工作。“
00:37
Six months个月 go by,
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六个月过去了,
00:38
it's the day before the company公司 launches发布会,
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他们的公司还有一天就开张了,
00:40
and there is still
not a functioning功能 website网站.
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但是他们的网站还不能正常运营。
00:43
"You guys realize实现,
the entire整个 company公司 is a website网站.
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“你们这些家伙要知道,
整个公司就是一个网站,
00:45
That's literally按照字面 all it is."
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网站就是公司的全部。”
00:48
So I obviously明显 declined下降 to invest投资.
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所以显然我拒绝了给他们投资。
00:53
And they ended结束 up
naming命名 the company公司 WarbyWarby Parker帕克.
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最后他们把公司
命名为“瓦比·帕克”。
00:55
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:57
They sell glasses眼镜 online线上.
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他们在网上销售眼镜。
01:00
They were recently最近 recognized认可
as the world's世界 most innovative创新 company公司
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他们最近被认定为
世界上最有创新力的企业,
01:03
and valued价值 at over a billion十亿 dollars美元.
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估值超过十亿美金。
01:05
And now? My wife妻子 handles手柄 our investments投资.
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结果现在呢?
我的妻子接管了所有投资项目。
01:10
Why was I so wrong错误?
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为什么我犯了这么大的错误?
01:13
To find out, I've been studying研究 people
that I come to call "originals原件."
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为了弄明白这点,我开始研究
一些我称为“原创者”的人。
01:17
Originals原稿 are nonconformists不墨守成规,
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原创者不墨守成规,
01:19
people who not only have new ideas思路
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他们不仅有崭新的想法,
01:21
but take action行动 to champion冠军 them.
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也通过实践去捍卫它们。
01:23
They are people
who stand out and speak说话 up.
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他们从人群中脱颖而出、畅所欲言。
01:26
Originals原稿 drive驾驶 creativity创造力
and change更改 in the world世界.
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原创者驱动着全世界的创造与变革。
01:29
They're the people you want to bet赌注 on.
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你敢于在他们身上下注。
01:31
And they look nothing like I expected预期.
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他们看起来与我的想象完全不同。
01:34
I want to show显示 you today今天
three things I've learned学到了
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我想与各位分享
我对原创者所了解的三点内容,
01:37
about recognizing认识 originals原件
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01:39
and becoming变得 a little bit more like them.
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以及自己努力成为其中之一的经历。
01:42
So the first reason原因
that I passed通过 on WarbyWarby Parker帕克
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我拒绝瓦比·帕克的第一个原因
01:45
was they were really slow
getting得到 off the ground地面.
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就是他们走出第一步的速度
实在太慢了。
01:49
Now, you are all intimately密切 familiar
with the mind心神 of a procrastinator拖延者.
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我相信各位非常熟悉
拖延症患者的大脑里的情景。
01:54
Well, I have a confession自白书 for you.
I'm the opposite对面. I'm a precrastinatorprecrastinator.
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好吧,我得向大家承认:
我与之相反,是个“提早症”患者。
02:00
Yes, that's an actual实际 term术语.
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对,那个词是存在的。
02:01
You know that panic恐慌 you feel
a few少数 hours小时 before a big deadline截止日期
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你们都知道那种恐慌的感受:
最后期限还有几个小时就到了,
02:04
when you haven't没有 doneDONE anything yet然而.
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然而你还什么都没做。
02:06
I just feel that
a few少数 months个月 ahead of time.
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我只是在几个月之前就有这感觉了。
02:09
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:11
So this started开始 early: when I was a kid孩子,
I took Nintendo任天堂 games游戏 very seriously认真地.
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这很早就开始了:我还小的时候,
我很认真地对待任天堂游戏。
02:18
I would wake唤醒 up at 5am,
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我会在早上5点醒来,
02:20
start开始 playing播放 and not stop
until直到 I had mastered掌握 them.
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开始打游戏,
在打通关之前绝不休息。
02:24
Eventually终于 it got so out of hand
that a local本地 newspaper报纸 came来了
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最后我彻底失去了控制,
以至于当地的一家报纸找到我,
02:27
and did a story故事 on the dark黑暗 side
of Nintendo任天堂, starring主演 me.
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然后写了篇故事,
讲述任天堂的黑暗面,主角就是我。
02:31
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:34
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
02:41
Since以来 then, I have traded交易 hair头发 for teeth.
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我的年龄都是用掉光的头发换来的。
02:44
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:49
But this served提供服务 me well in college学院,
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但是这在大学里反倒帮了我,
02:52
because I finished my senior前辈 thesis论文
four months个月 before the deadline截止日期.
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因为我在最后期限之前四个月
就完成了我的毕业论文。
02:58
And I was proud骄傲 of that,
until直到 a few少数 years年份 ago.
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我对此非常自豪,直到几年之前。
03:01
I had a student学生 named命名 Jihae,
who came来了 to me and said,
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我有一个名叫吉哈的学生,
她对我说,
03:05
"I have my most creative创作的 ideas思路
when I'm procrastinating拖延."
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“我在犯拖延症的时候
想到了最有创造力的点子。”
03:09
And I was like, "That's cute可爱,
where are the four papers文件 you owe me?"
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然后我的反应就是,“很有意思,
你欠我的四篇论文在哪里?”
03:12
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:13
No, she was one
of our most creative创作的 students学生们,
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不,她是我最有创造力的学生之一,
03:15
and as an organizational组织 psychologist心理学家,
this is the kind of idea理念 that I test测试.
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作为一位组织心理学家,
这是我要测试的一些想法。
03:20
So I challenged挑战 her to get some data数据.
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我向她提出挑战,让她找些数据。
03:22
She goes into a bunch of companies公司.
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她跑过了一大堆公司。
03:23
She has people fill out surveys调查
about how often经常 they procrastinate拖延.
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她让员工填了问卷,
了解他们多经常犯拖延症。
03:27
Then she gets得到 their bosses老板 to rate
how creative创作的 and innovative创新 they are.
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之后她让他们的老板
评估每个人的创造力水平。
03:31
And sure enough足够,
the precrastinatorsprecrastinators like me,
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不出所料,像我这样的提早症患者,
03:33
who rush in and do everything early
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他们急匆匆把所有事做完,
03:35
are rated额定 as less creative创作的
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他们的创造力不如
03:37
than people who procrastinate拖延 moderately适当地.
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一些中度的拖延症患者。
03:40
So I want to know what happens发生
to the chronic慢性 procrastinators拖拖拉拉.
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我很想知道
重度拖延症患者是怎样的。
03:43
She was like, "I don't know.
They didn't fill out my survey调查."
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她回答我,“我不知道啊。
他们没填我的问卷。”
03:46
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:49
No, here are our results结果.
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开个玩笑。这是我们的结论。
03:51
You actually其实 do see that the people
who wait until直到 the last minute分钟
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你的确可以看到,
不到最后一刻不做事的人
03:55
are so busy goofing昂然 off
that they don't have any new ideas思路.
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大部分时间都是混过去的,
他们根本没法产生新想法。
04:00
And on the flip翻动 side,
the people who race种族 in
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在另外一侧,
那些把事情匆忙做完的人
04:03
are in such这样 a frenzy发狂 of anxiety焦虑 that they
don't have original原版的 thoughts思念 either.
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一直处在狂暴的焦虑状态,
他们也没法产生新想法。
04:09
There's a sweet spot
where originals原件 seem似乎 to live生活.
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在中间似乎有一个恰好的点,
这就是原创者聚集的地方。
04:13
Why is this?
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为什么会这样呢?
04:15
Maybe original原版的 people
just have bad work habits习惯.
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可能只是原创者工作习惯不好。
04:18
Maybe procrastinating拖延
does not cause原因 creativity创造力.
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可能拖延症并不直接引发创造力。
04:22
To find out, we designed设计 some experiments实验.
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为了研究这点,我们设计了些实验。
04:25
We asked people
to generate生成 new business商业 ideas思路,
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我们要求受试者
想一些新的商业计划,
04:28
and then we get independent独立 readers读者
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然后我们让独立的第三方
04:30
to evaluate评估 how creative创作的
and useful有用 they are.
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评估受试者的创造力和实践力。
04:33
And some of them are asked
to do the task任务 right away.
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有些人被要求立即着手做这个任务。
04:36
Others其他 we randomly随机 assign分配
to procrastinate拖延
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另外一些人被
随机地要求拖延一阵子,
04:39
by dangling悬空 Minesweeper扫雷 in front面前 of them
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在他们电脑上开个扫雷游戏,
04:41
for either five or 10 minutes分钟.
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让他们玩5或10分钟。
04:43
And sure enough足够,
the moderate中等 procrastinators拖拖拉拉
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不出所料,中度拖延者
04:47
are 16 percent百分 more creative创作的
than the other two groups.
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比另外两组受试者
创造力高出16%。
04:51
Now, Minesweeper扫雷 is awesome真棒,
but it's not the driver司机 of the effect影响,
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扫雷是很棒的游戏,
但不是导致这个效应的真正原因,
04:54
because if you play the game游戏 first
before you learn学习 about the task任务,
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因为如果你在了解任务之前
就去玩游戏,
04:58
there's no creativity创造力 boost促进.
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是没有创造力加成的。
04:59
It's only when you're told that you're
going to be working加工 on this problem问题,
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只有在你被告知
你要完成某一项任务之后,
05:03
and then you start开始 procrastinating拖延,
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然后你开始拖延,
05:04
but the task任务 is still active活性
in the back of your mind心神,
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任务的想法还活跃在你脑海里,
05:07
that you start开始 to incubate孵化.
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这时才会产生新想法。
05:09
Procrastination拖延 gives you time
to consider考虑 divergent发散 ideas思路,
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拖延行为让你有时间发散性思考,
05:12
to think in nonlinear非线性 ways方法,
to make unexpected意外 leaps飞跃.
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以非线性的模式思考,
然后获得意想不到的突破。
05:16
So just as we were finishing精加工
these experiments实验,
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正当我要完成这些实验时,
05:18
I was starting开始 to write
a book about originals原件,
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我开始写一本有关原创者的书,
05:21
and I thought, "This is the perfect完善 time
to teach myself to procrastinate拖延,
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我在想,“这是最佳时机了,
现在我就在写有关拖延症的章节,
05:26
while writing写作 a chapter章节
on procrastination拖延."
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我要教教自己如何拖延。”
05:28
So I metaprocrastinatedmetaprocrastinated,
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结果我拖延得很古怪,
05:32
and like any self-respecting自我尊重
precrastinatorprecrastinator,
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像任何一位自尊心很强的
提早症患者一样,
05:35
I woke醒来 up early the next下一个 morning早上
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我第二天早早醒来,
05:37
and I made制作 a to-do去做 list名单
with steps脚步 on how to procrastinate拖延.
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写了一份待办清单,
里面是拖延的详细步骤。
05:39
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:43
And then I worked工作 diligently用心
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然后我刻苦工作,
05:47
toward my goal目标 of not making制造
progress进展 toward my goal目标.
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努力达到我“不取得任何进展”的目标。
05:52
I started开始 writing写作
the procrastination拖延 chapter章节,
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我开始写有关拖延症的章节,
05:54
and one day -- I was halfway through通过 --
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然后有一天,我已经写完一半了,
05:56
I literally按照字面 put it away in mid-sentence中期句子
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我在写了半句话之后就放下笔,
05:58
for months个月.
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持续了几个月。
05:59
It was agony痛苦.
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这简直是煎熬。
06:02
But when I came来了 back to it,
I had all sorts排序 of new ideas思路.
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但当我重新提起笔时,
我满脑子里都是新想法。
06:06
As Aaron亚伦 Sorkin索尔金 put it,
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正如阿兰·索金所说,
06:07
"You call it procrastinating拖延.
I call it thinking思维."
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“你把它叫做‘拖延’,
我把它叫做‘思考’。”
06:12
And along沿 the way I discovered发现
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这个过程中,我发现
06:13
that a lot of great originals原件
in history历史 were procrastinators拖拖拉拉.
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历史上很多伟大的原创者
都是拖延症患者。
06:17
Take Leonardo莱昂纳多 daDA Vinci达芬奇.
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比如列奥纳多·达·芬奇。
06:19
He toiled劳苦功高 on and off for 16 years年份
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他断断续续工作了16年,
06:23
on the Mona莫娜 Lisa丽莎.
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画了一幅《蒙娜丽莎》。
06:24
He felt like a failure失败.
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他觉得很失败。
06:26
He wrote as much in his journal日志.
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他在日志里倾诉了很多。
06:30
But some of the diversions改道
he took in optics光学
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但是他在其他时间里
对光学的研究,
06:32
transformed改造 the way that he modeled仿照 light
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大大改变了他塑造光效的方式,
06:34
and made制作 him into a much better painter画家.
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让他成为了一个更出色的画家。
06:37
What about Martin马丁 Luther路德 King国王, JrJR.?
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马丁·路德·金又如何呢?
06:40
The night before
the biggest最大 speech言语 of his life,
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他一生中最重要的演讲之前的晚上,
06:42
the March游行 on Washington华盛顿,
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那是三月,在华盛顿州,
06:44
he was up past过去 3am, rewriting重写 it.
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他凌晨三点还醒着,完善他的讲稿。
06:46
He's sitting坐在 in the audience听众
waiting等候 for his turn to go onstage在舞台上,
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轮到自己上台前,他坐在观众席里,
06:50
and he is still scribbling涂鸦 notes笔记
and crossing路口 out lines线.
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还在演讲稿上奋笔疾书。
06:54
When he gets得到 onstage在舞台上, 11 minutes分钟 in,
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当他走上台,过了11分钟,
06:56
he leaves树叶 his prepared准备 remarks备注
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他没按照准备的内容来讲,
06:58
to utter说出 four words
that changed the course课程 of history历史:
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却念出了改变历史进程的几个字:
07:01
"I have a dream梦想."
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“我有一个梦想。”
07:04
That was not in the script脚本.
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这不是写在稿子里的。
07:07
By delaying迟滞 the task任务 of finalizing敲定
the speech言语 until直到 the very last minute分钟,
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通过尽可能推迟
演讲稿最终确定的那一刻,
07:11
he left himself他自己 open打开
to the widest最宽 range范围 of possible可能 ideas思路.
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他可以随时向其中添加任何的想法。
07:15
And because the text文本 wasn't set in stone,
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而正因为讲稿不是固定不变的,
07:17
he had freedom自由 to improvise凑合.
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他就有了即兴发挥的自由。
07:20
Procrastinating拖延 is a vice
when it comes to productivity生产率,
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拖延症会导致生产力的下降,
07:23
but it can be a virtue美德 for creativity创造力.
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但也可能会是新创造的摇篮。
07:27
What you see with a lot of great originals原件
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各位在原创者身上看到的特质,
07:29
is that they are quick to start开始
but they're slow to finish.
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就是他们开头做得很快,
最终完成却要很久。
07:33
And this is what I missed错过
with WarbyWarby Parker帕克.
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这就是我错过瓦比·帕克的一点原因。
07:35
When they were dragging拖延
their heels脚跟 for six months个月,
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当他们拖拖拉拉六个月之后,
07:38
I looked看着 at them and said,
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我对他们说:
07:40
"You know, a lot of other companies公司
are starting开始 to sell glasses眼镜 online线上."
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“你们知道,很多其他公司
已经开始在线销售眼镜了。”
07:43
They missed错过 the first-mover第一个动的 advantage优点.
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他们失去了先动者优势。
07:46
But what I didn't realize实现 was
they were spending开支 all that time
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但是我没有意识到,
他们在那一大段时间里
07:49
trying to figure数字 out how to get people
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都在研究如何提高
顾客在线购买眼镜的舒适度。
07:51
to be comfortable自在 ordering排序 glasses眼镜 online线上.
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07:53
And it turns out the first-mover第一个动的
advantage优点 is mostly大多 a myth神话.
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后来我才发现,
先动者优势其实只是个流言。
07:56
Look at a classic经典 study研究
of over 50 product产品 categories类别,
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有一个很经典的研究项目,
调查了超过50个类别的商品,
07:59
comparing比较 the first movers搬运工
who created创建 the market市场
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将开辟市场的先动者,
08:02
with the improvers改良剂 who introduced介绍
something different不同 and better.
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与改进市场的改变者相比较。
08:06
What you see is that the first movers搬运工
had a failure失败 rate of 47 percent百分,
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你可以看到,
先动者的失败率是47%,
08:10
compared相比 with only 8 percent百分
for the improvers改良剂.
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与之相比,改变者失败率只有8%。
08:15
Look at FacebookFacebook的,
waiting等候 to build建立 a social社会 network网络
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让我们看看Facebook,
它想在Myspace和Friendster之后
08:17
until直到 after Myspace我的空间 and FriendsterFriendster的.
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打造一个新的社交网络。
08:21
Look at Google谷歌, waiting等候 for years年份
after AltavistaAltaVista的 and Yahoo雅虎.
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再看看谷歌,等待了很多年,
才在AltaVista和雅虎之后面世。
08:24
It's much easier更轻松 to improve提高
on somebody else's别人的 idea理念
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改进其他人的想法
08:27
than it is to create创建
something new from scratch.
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比从零开始创造想法要更简单。
08:30
So the lesson I learned学到了 is that
to be original原版的 you don't have to be first.
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我从中学到的就是:
想做原创者,你不必最先行动。
08:35
You just have to be different不同 and better.
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你只需要做得不同、做得更好。
08:38
But that wasn't the only reason原因
I passed通过 on WarbyWarby Parker帕克.
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但这不是我
拒绝瓦比·帕克的唯一理由。
08:41
They were also full充分 of doubts疑惑.
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他们自己充满困惑。
08:43
They had backup备用 plans计划 lined up,
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他们准备了一系列后备方案,
08:45
and that made制作 me doubt怀疑
that they had the courage勇气 to be original原版的,
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这让我十分怀疑
他们是否具有原创的勇气,
08:49
because I expected预期 that originals原件
would look something like this.
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因为我对原创者的想象
大概是这样的。
(笑声)
[我不知道怎么说…反正我觉得我挺牛的]
08:55
(Laughter笑声)
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08:58
Now, on the surface表面,
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从表面上看,
09:00
a lot of original原版的 people look confident信心,
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很多的原创者看上去很自信,
09:02
but behind背后 the scenes场景,
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但是在背后,
09:03
they feel the same相同 fear恐惧 and doubt怀疑
that the rest休息 of us do.
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他们也像所有人一样,
感受恐惧和疑虑。
09:06
They just manage管理 it differently不同.
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他们只是以不同方式来面对。
09:08
Let me show显示 you: this is a depiction描写
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让我展示一下:这是个流程图,
09:10
of how the creative创作的 process处理
works作品 for most of us.
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讲述了大部分人的创造过程
是如何进行的。
[1.这超给力!2.这有点难。3.这超烂。
4.我超烂。5.这或许能行。6.这超给力!]
09:16
(Laughter笑声)
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09:20
Now, in my research研究, I discovered发现
there are two different不同 kinds of doubt怀疑.
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在我的研究中,
我发现两种不同的疑虑。
自我疑虑,以及想法疑虑。
09:23
There's self-doubt自我怀疑 and idea理念 doubt怀疑.
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09:25
Self-doubt自我怀疑 is paralyzing瘫痪.
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自我疑虑会使人麻痹。
09:26
It leads引线 you to freeze冻结.
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它让你思维冻结。
09:28
But idea理念 doubt怀疑 is energizing激励.
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但是想法疑虑是激励性的。
09:30
It motivates能够激励 you to test测试,
to experiment实验, to refine提炼,
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它促使你去测试、实验、改进,
09:33
just like MLKMLK did.
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就像马丁·路德·金一样。
09:35
And so the key to being存在 original原版的
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所以说做原创者的关键,
09:38
is just a simple简单 thing
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其实非常简单,
09:40
of avoiding避免 the leap飞跃
from step three to step four.
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就是避免从第三步走到第四步。
09:43
Instead代替 of saying, "I'm crap掷骰子,"
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你不去说“我超烂”,
09:45
you say, "The first few少数 drafts草案
are always crap掷骰子,
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而是说“最初的想法都是超烂的,
09:48
and I'm just not there yet然而."
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我只是还没做完而已。”
09:50
So how do you get there?
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所以你怎样继续做呢?
09:52
Well, there's a clue线索, it turns out,
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其实我发现有一个小事,
09:54
in the Internet互联网 browser浏览器 that you use.
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有关你用的网页浏览器。
09:57
We can predict预测 your job工作 performance性能
and your commitment承诺
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我们可以预测你的
工作表现或是责任承担情况,
09:59
just by knowing会心 what web卷筒纸 browser浏览器 you use.
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只需要了解你用哪款浏览器。
10:03
Now, some of you are not
going to like the results结果 of this study研究 --
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你们中有些人肯定不会喜欢
这个研究的结果——
10:06
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
10:08
But there is good evidence证据
that Firefox火狐 and Chrome users用户
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但是我们找到了确凿证据,
说明火狐和谷歌Chrome用户
10:11
significantly显著 outperform跑赢大市
Internet互联网 Explorer探险者 and Safari苹果浏览器 users用户.
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表现显著好于
IE浏览器和Safari用户。
10:15
Yes.
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好耶!
10:17
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
10:19
They also stay in their jobs工作
15 percent百分 longer, by the way.
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顺便提一句,
他们的在职时间也要长15%。
10:23
Why? It's not a technical技术 advantage优点.
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为什么?这不是一个技术性的优势。
10:25
The four browser浏览器 groups
on average平均 have similar类似 typing打字 speed速度
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用这四种浏览器的人
平均打字速度差不多,
10:28
and they also have similar类似 levels水平
of computer电脑 knowledge知识.
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而且他们都对电脑
有相同程度的了解。
10:31
It's about how you got the browser浏览器.
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这有关你如何获取这些浏览器。
10:34
Because if you use
Internet互联网 Explorer探险者 or Safari苹果浏览器,
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因为如果你用IE或者Safari,
10:36
those came来了 preinstalled预装 on your computer电脑,
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那些已经预装在电脑上了,
10:39
and you accepted公认 the default默认 option选项
that was handed to you.
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你自然接受了厂商提供的默认选择。
10:42
If you wanted Firefox火狐 or Chrome,
you had to doubt怀疑 the default默认
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如果你想换火狐或Chrome,
你得要质疑默认选择,
10:45
and ask, is there
a different不同 option选项 out there,
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问问自己,是否有其他选择,
10:47
and then be a little resourceful足智多谋
and download下载 a new browser浏览器.
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然后就稍稍随机应变一下,
去下载个新的浏览器。
10:51
So people hear about this study研究
and they're like,
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所以听说这个研究的人反应就是,
10:54
"Great, if I want to get better at my job工作,
I just need to upgrade升级 my browser浏览器?"
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“棒极了,如果我想工作得更好,
我只需要升级下浏览器就行了?”
10:57
(Laughter笑声)
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1016
(笑声)
10:58
No, it's about being存在 the kind of person
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不对,这与你是什么样的人有关,
11:01
who takes the initiative倡议
to doubt怀疑 the default默认
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你是否主动地去质疑默认选项,
11:03
and look for a better option选项.
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然后寻找一个更好的选择。
11:05
And if you do that well,
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而且如果你找得不错,
11:07
you will open打开 yourself你自己 up
to the opposite对面 of déjà vu似曾相识.
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你就将自己置于
“似曾相识”感的对立面。
11:10
There's a name名称 for it.
It's called vujavuja de.
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它其实有个名字,
叫做“识相曾似”感。
11:13
(Laughter笑声)
224
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2000
(笑声)
11:16
VujaVuja de is when you look at something
you've seen看到 many许多 times before
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“识相曾似”感的意思是,
你再次面对一个无比熟悉的事物,
11:20
and all of a sudden突然
see it with fresh新鲜 eyes眼睛.
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但是突然用一种新的眼光去看待。
11:23
It's a screenwriter编剧
who looks容貌 at a movie电影 script脚本
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有个电影剧本作家,
她看着一份电影剧本,
11:26
that can't get the green绿色 light
for more than half a century世纪.
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它超过半个世纪都没被获准拍摄。
11:29
In every一切 past过去 version,
the main主要 character字符 has been an evil邪恶 queen女王.
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在之前的每一个版本里,
故事主角都是个邪恶的女王。
11:34
But Jennifer詹妮弗 Lee背风处 starts启动 to question
whether是否 that makes品牌 sense.
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但是这位詹妮弗·李开始思考
这个想法是否合理。
11:37
She rewrites重写 the first act法案,
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她重写了第一幕,
11:38
reinvents重塑 the villain恶棍 as a tortured折磨 hero英雄
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把那个恶棍重新塑造成
一位受尽苦难的英雄,
11:41
and Frozen冻结的 becomes
the most successful成功 animated动画 movie电影 ever.
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于是《冰雪奇缘》成为了
历史上最卖座的动画电影之一。
11:45
So there's a simple简单 message信息
from this story故事.
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这个故事传递了一个简单的信息。
11:47
When you feel doubt怀疑, don't let it go.
235
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当你感到困惑,切勿“随它去吧”。
("Let it go"是电影主题曲名)
11:50
(Laughter笑声)
236
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(笑声)
11:53
What about fear恐惧?
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恐惧又如何呢?
11:55
Originals原稿 feel fear恐惧, too.
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原创者也会感到恐惧。
11:57
They're afraid害怕 of failing失败,
239
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他们害怕失败,
11:59
but what sets them apart距离
from the rest休息 of us
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但是他们与我们其他人所不同的是,
12:01
is that they're even more
afraid害怕 of failing失败 to try.
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他们更害怕不去尝试。
12:04
They know you can fail失败
by starting开始 a business商业 that goes bankrupt破产者
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他们知道可以因
创业公司倒闭而失败,
12:07
or by failing失败 to start开始 a business商业 at all.
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他们更知道可以因
不尝试创业而失败。
12:10
They know that in the long run,
our biggest最大 regrets遗憾 are not our actions行动
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他们知道,从长远来看,
我们最大的悔恨不是自己做了什么,
12:14
but our inactions不作为.
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而是自己没做什么。
12:15
The things we wish希望 we could redo重做,
if you look at the science科学,
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就科学这个领域,
有些事我们希望能重做一遍,
12:18
are the chances机会 not taken采取.
247
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就是把握溜走的机会。
12:21
Elon伊隆 Musk told me recently最近,
he didn't expect期望 Tesla特斯拉 to succeed成功.
248
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埃隆·马斯克最近告诉我,
他并不指望特斯拉会成功。
12:25
He was sure the first few少数 SpaceXSpaceX公司 launches发布会
249
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他非常确信,
SpaceX公司的前几次发射
12:28
would fail失败 to make it to orbit轨道,
let alone单独 get back,
250
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一定不会进入预定轨道,
更不会重新回收,
12:31
but it was too important重要 not to try.
251
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但是不去尝试才是最失败的。
12:34
And for so many许多 of us,
when we have an important重要 idea理念,
252
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对于我们中的大多数人,
当我们有一个重大的想法,
12:36
we don't bother to try.
253
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我们往往懒得尝试。
12:38
But I have some good news新闻 for you.
254
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但是我有些好消息。
12:41
You are not going to get judged判断
on your bad ideas思路.
255
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他人衡量你的标准不是你的坏主意。
12:43
A lot of people think they will.
256
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很多人都以为是这样的。
12:45
If you look across横过 industries行业
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当你走访各大行业,
12:46
and ask people about their biggest最大 idea理念,
their most important重要 suggestion建议,
258
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然后问问其中的人,
他们最重大的想法、建议是什么,
12:50
85 percent百分 of them stayed silent无声
instead代替 of speaking请讲 up.
259
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85%的人保持沉默,不敢发声。
12:55
They were afraid害怕 of embarrassing尴尬
themselves他们自己, of looking stupid.
260
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他们害怕自己难为情、看上去很蠢。
12:58
But guess猜测 what? Originals原稿
have lots and lots of bad ideas思路,
261
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但是你猜怎么着?
原创者有很多的糟糕想法,
13:02
tons of them, in fact事实.
262
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事实上是一大堆。
13:04
Take the guy who invented发明 this.
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举个例子,发明这个的人。
13:07
Do you care关心 that he came来了 up
with a talking doll娃娃 so creepy爬行
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你会在意他发明了这个
超恐怖的会讲话的洋娃娃吗?
13:10
that it scared害怕 not only kids孩子
but adults成年人, too?
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这个玩意儿不止吓到小孩,
还吓坏了成年人啊。
13:13
No. You celebrate庆祝 Thomas托马斯 Edison爱迪生
for pioneering创举 the light bulb灯泡.
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不会!你歌颂托马斯·爱迪生,
因为他发明了灯泡。
13:18
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
13:20
If you look across横过 fields领域,
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如果你研究各个领域,
13:23
the greatest最大 originals原件
are the ones那些 who fail失败 the most,
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伟大的原创者是那些失败最多的人,
13:26
because they're the ones那些 who try the most.
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因为他们是尝试得最多的人。
13:28
Take classical古典 composers作曲家,
the best最好 of the best最好.
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以一些最好的古典作曲家为例。
13:31
Why do some of them get more pages网页
in encyclopedias百科全书 than others其他
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为什么有些人在百科全书里
内容比其他人多,
13:34
and also have their compositions成分
rerecorded重新记录 more times?
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而且他们的作品被重新录制更多遍?
13:38
One of the best最好 predictors预测
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其中一个最好的预测,
13:39
is the sheer绝对 volume
of compositions成分 that they generate生成.
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就是他们产出的作品的量有多大。
13:43
The more output产量 you churn搅动 out,
the more variety品种 you get
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你产生的输出越大,
你的作品种类越多,
13:46
and the better your chances机会
of stumbling绊脚 on something truly original原版的.
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你就越有可能做出
一些真正原创的东西。
13:50
Even the three icons图标 of classical古典 music音乐 --
Bach过独身生活, Beethoven贝多芬, Mozart莫扎特 --
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即使是三位古典音乐伟人——
巴赫、贝多芬、莫扎特,
13:54
had to generate生成 hundreds数以百计
and hundreds数以百计 of compositions成分
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都必须写出数百份作品,
13:57
to come up with a much smaller
number of masterpieces名作.
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才能获得相当少量的杰作。
14:01
Now, you may可能 be wondering想知道,
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你们可能在想,
14:03
how did this guy become成为 great
without doing a whole整个 lot?
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这个家伙没做多少事,
又是怎么获得成功的呢?
14:07
I don't know how Wagner瓦格纳 pulled that off.
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我不知道瓦格纳怎么做到的。
14:10
But for most of us,
if we want to be more original原版的,
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但是对于大部分人,
如果我们想要变得更有原创性,
14:13
we have to generate生成 more ideas思路.
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我们必须大开脑洞。
14:16
The WarbyWarby Parker帕克 founders创始人, when they
were trying to name名称 their company公司,
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瓦比·帕克的创始人,
当他们思考如何命名公司的时候,
14:20
they needed需要 something sophisticated复杂的,
unique独特, with no negative associations协会
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他们想要找相对复杂、特别的词,
而且没有负面的歧义,
14:23
to build建立 a retail零售 brand,
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以此打造一个零售品牌,
14:25
and they tested测试 over 2,000 possibilities可能性
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他们尝试了超过两千种可能性,
14:27
before they finally最后 put together一起
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最后才找到两个词拼在一起:
14:29
WarbyWarby and Parker帕克.
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“瓦比”和“帕克”。
14:32
So if you put all this together一起,
what you see is that originals原件
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如果你综合来看,
你会发现原创者
14:35
are not that different不同
from the rest休息 of us.
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与我们其他人差别并不是那么大。
14:37
They feel fear恐惧 and doubt怀疑.
They procrastinate拖延.
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他们也会害怕、疑虑。
他们犯拖延症。
14:40
They have bad ideas思路.
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他们有糟糕的想法。
14:42
And sometimes有时, it's not in spite尽管
of those qualities气质 but because of them
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有时,这些品质并不妨碍他们,
而是正因这些,他们才能成功。
14:46
that they succeed成功.
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14:48
So when you see those things,
don't make the same相同 mistake错误 I did.
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所以当你们看到这些时,
千万别犯像我这样的错误。
14:51
Don't write them off.
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不要无视他们。
14:52
And when that's you,
don't count计数 yourself你自己 out either.
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如果这个人是你,
你也别无视了自己。
14:55
Know that being存在 quick to start开始
but slow to finish
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你要知道,
快速地开始、缓慢地结束
14:57
can boost促进 your creativity创造力,
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可以提升你的创造力,
14:59
that you can motivate刺激 yourself你自己
by doubting your ideas思路
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你可以通过质疑自己的想法
来激励自己,
15:02
and embracing拥抱 the fear恐惧 of failing失败 to try,
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勇敢地面对放弃尝试的恐惧感,
15:04
and that you need a lot of bad ideas思路
in order订购 to get a few少数 good ones那些.
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并且知道自己想到很多坏主意后
才能获得几个好主意。
15:08
Look, being存在 original原版的 is not easy简单,
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做原创者并不容易,
15:11
but I have no doubt怀疑 about this:
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但是我对此深信不疑:
15:13
it's the best最好 way
to improve提高 the world世界 around us.
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这是改变我们周围世界的最好方式。
15:16
Thank you.
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谢谢各位。
15:17
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Hancheng Li
Reviewed by Jiawei Ni

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grant - Organizational psychologist
After years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others.

Why you should listen

In his groundbreaking book Give and Take, top-rated Wharton professor Adam Grant upended decades of conventional motivational thinking with the thesis that giving unselfishly to colleagues or clients can lead to one’s own long-term success. Grant’s research has led hundreds of advice seekers (and HR departments) to his doorstep, and it’s changing the way leaders view their workforces.

Grant's book Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World examines how unconventional thinkers overturn the status quo and champion game-changing ideas.

Grant is the host of the TED original podcast WorkLife, taking us inside unconventional workplaces to explore the ideas we can all use to make work more meaningful and creative.

More profile about the speaker
Adam Grant | Speaker | TED.com