ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Trevor Timm - Writer, activist and legal analyst
Trevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability.

Why you should listen

Trevor Timm is a co-founder and the executive director of the Freedom of the Press Foundation. He is a journalist, activist, and lawyer who writes a twice weekly column for The Guardian on privacy, free speech, and national security. He has contributed to The Atlantic, Al Jazeera, Foreign Policy, Harvard Law and Policy Review, PBS MediaShift and Politico.

Trevor formerly worked as an activist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Before that, he helped the longtime General Counsel of The New York Times, James Goodale, write a book on the Pentagon Papers and the First Amendment. He received his J.D. from New York Law School.

More profile about the speaker
Trevor Timm | Speaker | TED.com
TED2016

Trevor Timm: How free is our freedom of the press?

特雷弗·蒂姆: 出版界究竟多么自由?

Filmed:
1,447,147 views

在美国,在第一修正案的保护下,新闻界有权利报道公众需要知道的秘密消息。政府的监视已经让告发者分享信息变得越来越困难。而这些告发者正是9.11之后所有国家安全重大新闻的信息来源。在这个简短却包含大量信息的演讲中,新闻自由基金会的联合创始人、TED成员特雷弗·蒂姆回顾了政府近来对揭露其罪行的个人采取的行动,同时主张用科技的力量让告发者可以更安全匿名的揭露更多罪行。
- Writer, activist and legal analyst
Trevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
So this is James詹姆士 Risen复活.
0
488
2250
这是詹姆斯·瑞森。
00:15
You may可能 know him as the
Pulitzer普利策 Prize-winning奖得主 reporter记者
1
3174
2750
他是纽约时报的记者
因获得普利策奖
00:17
for The New York纽约 Times.
2
5948
1692
被大家所熟知。
00:19
Long before anybody任何人 knew知道
Edward爱德华 Snowden's斯诺登的 name名称,
3
7664
2754
在大家还没听说过
爱德华·斯诺登的时候,
00:22
Risen复活 wrote a book in which哪一个
he famously著名 exposed裸露
4
10442
2916
瑞森因为写了一本揭露
美国国家安全局非法窃听
00:25
that the NSANSA was illegally非法 wiretapping窃听
the phone电话 calls电话 of Americans美国人.
5
13382
3936
美国民众通话的书
而备受瞩目。
00:29
But it's another另一个 chapter章节 in that book
6
17842
1770
但是在那本书的另一章节
00:31
that may可能 have an even more lasting持久 impact碰撞.
7
19636
2015
可能有着更深远的影响。
00:34
In it, he describes介绍 a catastrophic灾难性的
US intelligence情报 operation手术
8
22405
4818
那里他描述了美国情报部门
的一次灾难性的行动,
00:39
in which哪一个 the CIA中央情报局 quite相当 literally按照字面
handed over blueprints蓝图
9
27247
3089
上面说中情局
把核弹的设计图
00:42
of a nuclear bomb炸弹 to Iran伊朗.
10
30360
1786
交给了伊朗。
00:44
If that sounds声音 crazy, go read it.
11
32662
1795
如果你觉得太疯狂
你可以去读一下。
00:46
It's an incredible难以置信 story故事.
12
34481
1491
真是难以置信。
00:48
But you know who didn't like that chapter章节?
13
36456
2064
谁不喜欢那一章?
00:50
The US government政府.
14
38893
1150
美国政府。
00:52
For nearly几乎 a decade afterwards之后,
15
40592
2214
将近十年之后,
00:54
Risen复活 was the subject学科
of a US government政府 investigation调查
16
42830
3253
瑞森成为了美国政府调查的主要人物
00:58
in which哪一个 prosecutors检察官 demanded要求
that he testify作证
17
46107
2369
这次调查中检查方要求他
01:00
against反对 one of his alleged所谓的 sources来源.
18
48500
1904
对于他所谓的消息来源做不利的证明。
01:02
And along沿 the way, he became成为 the face面对
for the US government's政府的 recent最近 pattern模式
19
50829
4075
他逐渐被推到了美国政府
起诉和监视新闻举报
01:06
of prosecuting控方 whistleblowers举报人
and spying间谍 on journalists记者.
20
54928
3019
一系列行动的风口浪尖上。
01:10
You see, under the First Amendment修订,
21
58681
1668
在第一修正案下
01:12
the press has the right to publish发布
secret秘密 information信息 in the public上市 interest利益.
22
60373
3627
为了公众利益
新闻界有权报道各种秘密的消息
01:16
But it's impossible不可能 to exercise行使 that right
if the media媒体 can't also gather收集 that news新闻
23
64024
5134
但是如果媒体无法收集消息
01:21
and protect保护 the identities身份
of the brave勇敢 men男人 and women妇女
24
69182
3256
无法保护自己勇敢的线人
就没有办法行使
01:24
who get it to them.
25
72462
1150
自己的权利。
01:26
So when the government政府 came来了 knocking敲门,
26
74087
2032
所以当政府人员找上门的时候
01:28
Risen复活 did what many许多 brave勇敢 reporters记者
have doneDONE before him:
27
76143
3041
瑞森像以前很多勇敢的记者一样
01:31
he refused拒绝
28
79208
1185
他拒绝提供任何信息。
01:32
and said he'd他会 rather go to jail监狱.
29
80417
1671
他说他宁愿坐牢。
01:34
So from 2007 to 2015,
30
82611
2983
2007年到2015年,
01:37
Risen复活 lived生活 under the specter幽灵
of going to federal联邦 prison监狱.
31
85618
2794
瑞森在监视下
开始了联邦监狱的生活。
01:40
That is, until直到 just days before the trial审讯,
when a curious好奇 thing happened发生.
32
88976
4047
就在审判前几天
奇怪的事情发生了。
01:45
Suddenly突然, after years年份 of claiming自称
it was vital重要 to their case案件,
33
93912
3801
突然在坚持
瑞森是本案关键几年之后,
01:49
the government政府 dropped下降 their demands需要
to Risen复活 altogether.
34
97737
2690
政府放弃了
对瑞森的所有的要求。
01:52
It turns out, in the age年龄
of electronic电子 surveillance监控,
35
100912
2548
实际上在电子监控的年代,
01:55
there are very few少数 places地方
reporters记者 and sources来源 can hide隐藏.
36
103484
2888
记者和线人无处可逃。
01:58
And instead代替 of trying and failing失败
to have Risen复活 testify作证,
37
106959
3595
与其一次次要求瑞森举证
又被一次次拒绝,
02:02
they could have his digital数字 trail落后
testify作证 against反对 him instead代替.
38
110578
3047
政府选择用他的电子记录
来做不利证明。
02:06
So completely全然 in secret秘密
and without his consent同意,
39
114585
2516
在完全机密且
未经同意的情况下,
02:09
prosecutors检察官 got Risen's复活的 phone电话 records记录.
40
117125
2270
检查方拿到了瑞森的电话记录
02:11
They got his email电子邮件 records记录,
his financial金融 and banking银行业 information信息,
41
119903
4516
邮箱记录和
财产及银行信息,
02:16
his credit信用 reports报告,
42
124443
1753
他的信用记录,
02:18
even travel旅行 records记录 with a list名单
of flights航班 he had taken采取.
43
126220
2770
甚至他所乘坐的航班记录列表。
02:21
And it was among其中 this information信息 that
they used to convict定罪 Jeffrey杰弗里 Sterling英镑,
44
129808
3785
用上述的信息
他们确认杰弗里·斯特林
02:25
Risen's复活的 alleged所谓的 source资源
and CIA中央情报局 whistleblower举报人.
45
133617
3119
就是瑞森的消息来源
也是中情局的告发者。
02:30
Sadly可悲的是, this is only one case案件 of many许多.
46
138035
2415
很遗憾,这样的事情有很多。
02:33
President主席 Obama奥巴马 ran on a promise诺言
to protect保护 whistleblowers举报人,
47
141152
3607
奥巴马总统承诺保护告发者,
02:36
and instead代替, his Justice正义 Department
has prosecuted起诉 more
48
144783
3262
而相反地,
他的司法部门逮捕的告发者
02:40
than all other administrations管理部门 combined结合.
49
148069
2491
比之前的总统加起来还多。
02:43
Now, you can see how this
could be a problem问题,
50
151179
2104
这就是一个巨大的问题,
02:45
especially特别 because the government政府
considers考虑 so much of what it does secret秘密.
51
153307
4467
尤其当政府对于
保护他们的秘密如此重视的时候。
02:50
Since以来 9/11, virtually实质上 every一切 important重要
story故事 about national国民 security安全
52
158758
4500
自9.11之后,基本上所有
关于国家安全的重大新闻
02:55
has been the result结果 of a whistleblower举报人
coming未来 to a journalist记者.
53
163282
2920
都是由线人提供给记者的。
02:58
So we risk风险 seeing眼看 the press
unable无法 to do their job工作
54
166670
2898
所以因为政府的监视遍布所有人,
03:01
that the First Amendment修订
is supposed应该 to protect保护
55
169592
2199
我们很难看到新闻界行使
03:03
because of the government's政府的
expanded扩大 ability能力 to spy间谍 on everyone大家.
56
171815
3007
第一修正案赋予他们的权利。
03:07
But just as technology技术 has allowed允许
the government政府
57
175487
2453
不过正如科技让政府
03:09
to circumvent规避 reporters'记者 rights权利,
58
177964
2707
监视记者们的一举一动一样,
03:12
the press can also use technology技术
59
180695
2174
新闻界也可以利用科技
03:14
to protect保护 their sources来源
even better than before.
60
182893
2340
更好地保护他们的线人。
03:17
And they can start开始 from the moment时刻
they begin开始 speaking请讲 with them,
61
185698
3112
而且保护可以从
第一次的对话开始,
03:20
rather than on the witness见证 stand
after the fact事实.
62
188834
2427
而不是庭审在站上证人席的时候。
03:24
Communications通讯 software软件 now exists存在
63
192197
2092
现在很多通信软件
03:26
that wasn't available可得到
when Risen复活 was writing写作 his book,
64
194313
2532
是瑞森写他的书时所没有的,
03:28
and is much more surveillance-resistant监控性
than regular定期 emails电子邮件 or phone电话 calls电话.
65
196869
3999
而且反监视能力
比常规的邮件和电话好很多。
03:33
For example, one such这样 tool工具 is SecureDropSecureDrop,
66
201789
4218
比如有一款叫做
SecureDrop的软件,
03:38
an open-source开源 whistleblower举报人
submission服从 system系统
67
206031
2685
这是一款开源的
检举揭发系统
03:40
that was originally本来 created创建 by the late晚了
Internet互联网 luminary灯具 Aaron亚伦 Swartz斯沃茨,
68
208740
4048
由亚伦·斯沃茨,
一位已故的互联网大师创造。
03:44
and is now developed发达
at the non-profit非盈利 where I work,
69
212812
2665
在我所工作的地方
新闻自由基金会
03:47
Freedom自由 of the Press Foundation基础.
70
215501
1531
开发使用。
03:49
Instead代替 of sending发出 an email电子邮件,
71
217824
1652
不采取发邮件的方式
03:51
you go to a news新闻 organization's组织的 website网站,
72
219500
2041
你可以去某个新闻机构的网站,
03:53
like this one here on The Washington华盛顿 Post岗位.
73
221565
2000
比如这里的华盛顿邮报。
03:56
From there, you can upload上载 a document文件
or send发送 information信息
74
224010
3943
在这里你可以上传文档或发送信息
03:59
much like you would
on any other contact联系 form形成.
75
227977
2429
就想用其他方式传递信息一样。
04:02
It'll它会 then be encrypted加密
and stored存储 on a server服务器
76
230715
2619
消息会被加密存放在服务器中
04:05
that only the news新闻 organization组织
has access访问 to.
77
233358
2548
只有新闻机构的人可以查看。
04:08
So the government政府 can no longer
secretly偷偷 demand需求 the information信息,
78
236351
3373
所以政府再也无法秘密追踪这些信息,
04:11
and much of the information信息
they would demand需求
79
239748
2104
就算追踪到了信息
04:13
wouldn't不会 be available可得到 in the first place地点.
80
241876
1959
也不知道最初来自哪里。
04:16
SecureDropSecureDrop, though虽然, is really
only a small part部分 of the puzzle难题
81
244475
2964
SecureDrop只是
21世纪保护新闻自由
04:19
for protecting保护 press freedom自由
in the 21stST century世纪.
82
247463
2947
的一块小小的拼图。
04:23
Unfortunately不幸, governments政府
all over the world世界
83
251035
2373
不过世界各地的政府
04:25
are constantly经常 developing发展
new spying间谍 techniques技术
84
253432
2500
也无时无刻不在
开发新的监视技术
04:27
that put us all at risk风险.
85
255956
1404
让我们更加危险。
04:30
And it's up to us going forward前锋
to make sure
86
258043
2698
所以让我们努力前行
04:32
that it's not just
the tech-savvy技术娴熟 whistleblowers举报人,
87
260765
2500
不仅仅保护高科技的告发者
04:35
like Edward爱德华 Snowden斯诺登, who have
an avenue大街 for exposing曝光 wrongdoing坏事.
88
263289
3285
像斯诺登一样
有自己的渠道揭露恶行的告发者
04:39
It's just as vital重要 that we protect保护 the
next下一个 veteran's退伍军人 health健康 care关心 whistleblower举报人
89
267408
4747
也要保护那些
提醒我们医院过于拥挤的
04:44
alerting警报 us to overcrowded hospitals医院,
90
272179
3308
揭发退伍老兵医疗卫生问题的告发者
04:47
or the next下一个 environmental环境的 worker工人
91
275511
2327
保护那些对弗林特市污水
04:49
sounding听起来 the alarm报警
about Flint's弗林特 dirty water,
92
277862
3198
敲响警钟的环卫工人
04:53
or a Wall Street insider内幕
93
281084
1680
保护那些让我们警惕
04:54
warning警告 us of the next下一个 financial金融 crisis危机.
94
282788
2177
下一次金融危机的华尔街线人。
04:57
After all, these tools工具 weren't just built内置
to help the brave勇敢 men男人 and women妇女
95
285869
4128
所以,这些工具
不是为了保护那些勇敢的敢于
05:02
who expose暴露 crimes犯罪,
96
290021
1538
揭露罪行的线人们
05:03
but are meant意味着 to protect保护
all of our rights权利 under the Constitution宪法.
97
291583
3234
而是为了保护
宪法下所有人应有的权利。
05:07
Thank you.
98
295460
1151
谢谢。
05:08
(Applause掌声)
99
296635
3309
(掌声)
Translated by Gu Yu
Reviewed by Lydia Yu

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Trevor Timm - Writer, activist and legal analyst
Trevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability.

Why you should listen

Trevor Timm is a co-founder and the executive director of the Freedom of the Press Foundation. He is a journalist, activist, and lawyer who writes a twice weekly column for The Guardian on privacy, free speech, and national security. He has contributed to The Atlantic, Al Jazeera, Foreign Policy, Harvard Law and Policy Review, PBS MediaShift and Politico.

Trevor formerly worked as an activist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Before that, he helped the longtime General Counsel of The New York Times, James Goodale, write a book on the Pentagon Papers and the First Amendment. He received his J.D. from New York Law School.

More profile about the speaker
Trevor Timm | Speaker | TED.com