TED2016
Norman Lear: An entertainment icon on living a life of meaning
诺曼·李尔: 一个娱乐界偶像充满意义的一生
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
1,143,532 views
在1970年代（和之后的几十年里），电视制作人诺曼·李尔用改变文化的情景喜剧触动了数百万人的生活，比如《全家福》，《杰弗逊一家》，还有《好时光》，拓宽了这个时代，让代表性不足的美国人在黄金时段充分发声。在和艾瑞克·利德尔亲切智慧的谈话中，他谦逊幽默地分享了他早年和”人性愚蠢面“的关系是如何造就了他的人生和创意的愿景。
Norman Lear - Producer, activist
Writer, producer and free-speech champion Norman Lear defined decades of US popular culture with his groundbreaking TV shows. Full bioEric Hirshberg - CEO, Activision
Eric Hirshberg leads Activision, one of the world's largest interactive entertainment companies. Full bio
Writer, producer and free-speech champion Norman Lear defined decades of US popular culture with his groundbreaking TV shows. Full bioEric Hirshberg - CEO, Activision
Eric Hirshberg leads Activision, one of the world's largest interactive entertainment companies. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Eric Hirshberg: So I assume that Norman
doesn't need much of an introduction,
doesn't need much of an introduction,
0
905
3620
艾瑞克·利德尔：
我想大家都很熟悉诺曼了，不需要太多的介绍，
我想大家都很熟悉诺曼了，不需要太多的介绍，
00:16
but TED's audience is global,
1
4549
1505
但是TED的观众来自全球，
00:18
it's diverse,
2
6078
1197
是个多元的群体，
00:19
so I've been tasked
with starting with his bio,
with starting with his bio,
3
7299
2986
所以我被要求从介绍他的生平开始，
00:22
which could easily take up
the entire 18 minutes.
the entire 18 minutes.
4
10309
2286
这轻易就能用完整个18分钟。
00:24
So instead we're going to do
93 years in 93 seconds or less.
93 years in 93 seconds or less.
5
12619
3943
所以我们决定用93秒或更少的时间
来介绍诺曼的这93年。
来介绍诺曼的这93年。
00:28
(Laughter)
6
16586
1150
（笑声）
00:30
You were born in New Hampshire.
7
18258
1547
你生于新罕布什尔州。
00:31
Norman Lear: New Haven, Connecticut.
8
19829
1715
诺曼·李尔：是纽黑文，康涅狄格州。
00:33
EH: New Haven, Connecticut.
9
21568
1286
艾瑞克：是纽黑文，康涅狄格州。
00:34
(Laughter)
10
22878
2888
（笑声）
00:37
NL: There goes seven more seconds.
11
25790
1620
诺曼：这就过去7秒了。
00:39
EH: Nailed it.
12
27434
1243
艾瑞克：你做到了。
00:40
(Laughter)
13
28701
1990
（笑声）
00:43
You were born in New Haven, Connecticut.
14
31042
1905
你生于纽黑文，康涅狄格州。
00:44
Your father was a con man --
I got that right.
I got that right.
15
32971
2405
你的父亲是个行骗者——这次我对了。
00:47
He was taken away to prison
when you were nine years old.
when you were nine years old.
16
35400
2747
在你九岁的时候他被带走去了监狱。
00:50
You flew 52 missions
as a fighter pilot in World War II.
as a fighter pilot in World War II.
17
38171
3157
在二战中你是一位飞行员
执行了52次任务。
执行了52次任务。
00:53
You came back to --
18
41686
1150
你回到——
00:54
NL: Radio operator.
19
42860
1150
诺曼：是报务员。
00:56
EH: You came to LA
to break into Hollywood,
to break into Hollywood,
20
44542
2483
艾瑞克：你来到洛杉矶闯入了好莱坞，
00:59
first in publicity, then in TV.
21
47049
1880
首先当宣传，接着是在电视领域。
01:00
You had no training as a writer, formally,
22
48953
2159
你是一位没有接受过
正式训练的作家，
正式训练的作家，
01:03
but you hustled your way in.
23
51136
1404
但你闯出了你的路。
01:04
Your breakthrough, your debut,
24
52564
1453
你的突破，你的首秀，
01:06
was a little show
called "All in the Family."
called "All in the Family."
25
54041
2268
是一部电视剧《全家福》。
01:08
You followed that up with a string of hits
26
56333
2104
紧接着你拍了一系列
01:10
that to this day is unmatched
in Hollywood:
in Hollywood:
27
58461
2118
至今都在好莱坞无与伦比的电视剧：
01:12
"Sanford and Son," "Maude," "Good Times,"
28
60603
2040
《桑福德和儿子》，《Maude》，《好时光》，
01:14
"The Jeffersons," "One Day at a Time,"
29
62667
1826
《杰佛逊一家》，《随遇而安》，
01:16
"Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman,"
30
64517
1413
《玛丽·哈特曼》，
01:17
to name literally a fraction of them.
31
65954
1763
这里只提到了一部分。
01:19
Not only are they all commercially --
32
67741
1777
这些电视剧不仅在商业上——
01:21
(Applause)
33
69542
4006
（掌声）
01:25
Not only are they all
commercially successful,
commercially successful,
34
73572
2985
它们不仅都获得了商业上的成功，
01:28
but many of them push our culture forward
35
76581
1974
其中很多电视剧也
推动了文化的发展，
推动了文化的发展，
01:30
by giving the underrepresented
members of society
members of society
36
78579
2362
让社会中代表性不足的群体
01:32
their first prime-time voice.
37
80965
2036
首次在黄金时段发声。
01:35
You have seven shows
in the top 10 at one time.
in the top 10 at one time.
38
83333
3311
你曾有七部电视剧同时在收视率前十。
01:39
At one point,
39
87033
1229
你一度吸引了
01:40
you aggregate an audience
of 120 million people per week
of 120 million people per week
40
88286
3337
一亿两千万的的观众
01:43
watching your content.
41
91647
1226
每周观看你的电视剧。
01:44
That's more than the audience
for Super Bowl 50,
for Super Bowl 50,
42
92897
2239
这甚至超过了每年一度的超级杯
01:47
which happens once a year.
43
95160
1239
在2015年的观众数。
01:48
NL: Holy shit.
44
96423
1222
诺曼：哇靠。
01:49
(Laughter)
45
97669
1773
（笑声）
01:51
(Applause)
46
99466
2222
（掌声）
01:53
EH: And we're not even
to the holy shit part.
to the holy shit part.
47
101712
2359
艾瑞克：我们甚至还没有说到
令人惊叹的哇靠部分。
令人惊叹的哇靠部分。
01:56
(Laughter)
48
104095
1039
（笑声）
01:57
You land yourself
on Richard Nixon's enemies list --
on Richard Nixon's enemies list --
49
105158
2727
你使自己成为理查德·尼克松
名单上的敌人——
名单上的敌人——
01:59
he had one.
50
107909
1150
他有这么一份。
02:01
That's an applause line, too.
51
109399
2095
这也值得大家的掌声。
02:03
(Applause)
52
111518
1802
（掌声）
02:05
You're inducted into the TV Hall of Fame
on the first day that it exists.
on the first day that it exists.
53
113344
3597
你在名单曝光第一天
就被列入了电视名人堂。
就被列入了电视名人堂。
02:08
Then came the movies.
54
116965
1400
接下来说说电影。
02:10
"Fried Green Tomatoes,"
55
118389
1580
《油炸绿蕃茄》，
02:11
"The Princess Bride," "Stand By Me,"
56
119993
2025
《公主新娘》，《伴我同行》，
02:14
"This Is Spinal Tap."
57
122042
1173
《摇滚万岁》。
02:15
(Applause)
58
123239
1137
（掌声）
02:16
Again, just to name a fraction.
59
124400
1532
这里还是只提了一部分。
02:17
(Applause)
60
125956
1031
（掌声）
02:19
Then you wipe the slate clean,
61
127011
1506
然后你开创了"三幕剧架构"
横扫了电影界，
横扫了电影界，
02:20
start a third act as a political activist
focusing on protecting the First Amendment
focusing on protecting the First Amendment
62
128541
4047
从政时致力于保护第一修正案，
02:24
and the separation of church and state.
63
132612
1950
坚持政教分离。
02:26
You start People For The American Way.
64
134586
1890
你建立了美国之道团体。
你买下了独立宣言，
02:28
You buy the Declaration of Independence
65
136500
1858
02:30
and give it back to the people.
66
138382
1491
然后把它归还给人民。
02:31
You stay active in both
entertainment and politics
entertainment and politics
67
139897
2338
你到93岁高龄
都还一直活跃在娱乐界和政界，
02:34
until the ripe old of age of 93,
68
142259
1532
02:35
when you write a book
69
143815
1246
然后你开始写书，
02:37
and make a documentary
about your life story.
about your life story.
70
145085
2164
并且制作了一部关于你人生的纪录片。
02:39
And after all that,
71
147273
1174
经过了所有这些，
02:40
they finally think
you're ready for a TED Talk.
you're ready for a TED Talk.
72
148471
2542
他们终于觉得你准备好
做一个TED演讲了。
做一个TED演讲了。
02:43
(Laughter)
73
151037
1781
（笑声）
02:44
(Applause)
74
152842
4572
（掌声）
02:49
NL: I love being here.
75
157438
1798
诺曼：很高兴来到这里。
02:51
And I love you for agreeing to do this.
76
159260
2715
也很高兴你同意做这个访谈。
02:53
EH: Thank you for asking. It's my honor.
77
161999
1989
艾瑞克：谢谢你的邀请。我的荣幸。
02:56
So here's my first question.
78
164012
1547
然后这是我的第一个问题。
02:57
Was your mother proud of you?
79
165919
1714
你的妈妈为你感到骄傲吗？
02:59
(Laughter)
80
167657
1996
（笑声）
03:02
NL: My mother ...
81
170055
1333
诺曼：我的妈妈……
03:03
what a place to start.
82
171412
1167
从这里开始啊。
03:06
Let me put it this way --
83
174967
2151
让我这样说吧——
03:09
when I came back from the war,
84
177142
1620
当我从战场上回来，
03:10
she showed me the letters
that I had written her from overseas,
that I had written her from overseas,
85
178786
5588
她给我看了我从海外寄给她的信，
03:16
and they were absolute love letters.
86
184398
2397
这些绝对都是情书。
03:21
(Laughter)
87
189961
1579
（笑声）
03:23
This really sums up my mother.
88
191564
1722
这确实概括形容了我妈妈。
03:25
They were love letters,
89
193730
1151
那些情书，
03:26
as if I had written them to --
90
194905
2202
仿佛我把它们写成那样一般——
03:29
they were love letters.
91
197131
1297
它们就是情书。
03:33
A year later I asked my mother
if I could have them,
if I could have them,
92
201214
4533
一年后我问妈妈，
我是否能拥有它们，
我是否能拥有它们，
03:37
because I'd like to keep them
all the years of my life ...
all the years of my life ...
93
205771
4277
因为我想保存它们一生……
03:42
She had thrown them away.
94
210072
1509
她已经扔掉了。
03:43
(Laughter)
95
211605
4063
（笑声）
03:48
That's my mother.
96
216890
1304
这就是我妈妈。
03:50
(Laughter)
97
218218
2478
（笑声）
03:52
The best way I can sum it up
in more recent times is --
in more recent times is --
98
220720
6520
近期，我能总结的最好方式——
03:59
this is also more recent times --
99
227264
2297
这也是最近的事——
04:01
a number of years ago,
100
229585
1182
几年前，
04:02
when they started the Hall of Fame
to which you referred.
to which you referred.
101
230791
3873
当他们开始筹备
你刚刚提到的名人堂的时候。
你刚刚提到的名人堂的时候。
04:06
It was a Sunday morning,
102
234688
1783
那是一个周日的早晨，
04:08
when I got a call from the fellow who ran
the TV Academy of Arts & Sciences.
the TV Academy of Arts & Sciences.
103
236495
5254
我接到了一个管理电视艺术
及科学学院朋友的电话。
及科学学院朋友的电话。
04:13
He was calling me to tell me
they had met all day yesterday
they had met all day yesterday
104
241773
2969
他打电话告诉我说，
他们昨天谈了一整天，
他们昨天谈了一整天，
04:16
and he was confidentially telling me
they were going to start a hall of fame
they were going to start a hall of fame
105
244766
4213
他跟我说，告诉你一个秘密，
我们将要成立一个名人堂，
我们将要成立一个名人堂，
04:21
and these were the inductees.
106
249003
2754
然后他告诉我入选者都有谁。
04:27
I started to say "Richard Nixon,"
107
255201
1922
我开头就说“理查德·尼克松”，
04:29
because Richard Nixon --
108
257147
1642
因为理查德·尼克松——
04:30
EH: I don't think he was on their list.
109
258813
1871
艾瑞克：我不认为他在名单上。
04:32
NL: William Paley, who started CBS,
110
260708
2523
诺曼：CBS之父威廉·佩利，
04:35
David Sarnoff, who started NBC,
111
263255
3634
创立NBC的大卫·沙诺夫，
04:38
Edward R. Murrow,
112
266913
1155
爱德华·默罗，
04:40
the greatest of the foreign
correspondents,
correspondents,
113
268092
3702
最伟大的驻外记者，
04:43
Paddy Chayefsky --
114
271818
1171
帕迪·查耶夫斯基——
04:45
I think the best writer
that ever came out of television --
that ever came out of television --
115
273013
2762
我认为是电视界最好的编剧——
04:47
Milton Berle, Lucille Ball
116
275799
1977
米尔顿·伯利，露西·鲍尔，
04:49
and me.
117
277800
1381
还有我。
04:51
EH: Not bad.
118
279205
1151
艾瑞克：不错。
04:52
NL: I call my mother
immediately in Hartford, Connecticut.
immediately in Hartford, Connecticut.
119
280380
2715
诺曼：我立刻打电话给
在哈特福德，康涅狄格州的妈妈。
在哈特福德，康涅狄格州的妈妈。
04:55
"Mom, this is what's happened,
120
283119
1523
“妈妈，你知道吗，
04:56
they're starting a hall of fame."
121
284666
1599
他们要成立一个名人堂。“
04:58
I tell her the list of names and me,
122
286289
1723
我告诉她那些入选者的名字，还有我，
05:00
and she says,
123
288036
1158
然后她说，
05:01
"Listen, if that's what they
want to do, who am I to say?"
want to do, who am I to say?"
124
289218
2737
”听着，如果他们要这么做，
我还能说什么？“
我还能说什么？“
05:03
(Laughter)
125
291979
3501
（笑声）
05:07
(Applause)
126
295504
2916
（掌声）
05:10
That's my Ma.
127
298444
1357
这就是我妈妈。
05:11
I think it earns that kind of a laugh
128
299825
1880
我觉得能这么好笑的原因是，
05:13
because everybody
has a piece of that mother.
has a piece of that mother.
129
301729
2096
因为每个人的妈妈都有这样的一面。
05:15
(Laughter)
130
303849
1174
（笑声）
05:17
EH: And the sitcom Jewish mother
is born, right there.
is born, right there.
131
305047
2857
艾瑞克：情景喜剧中的
犹太人妈妈就这样诞生了。
犹太人妈妈就这样诞生了。
05:20
So your father also played
a large role in your life,
a large role in your life,
132
308348
4810
你的父亲在你的人生中
也扮演了重要的角色，
也扮演了重要的角色，
05:25
mostly by his absence.
133
313182
1650
大部分是因为他的缺席。
05:26
NL: Yeah.
134
314856
1157
诺曼：是。
05:28
EH: Tell us what happened
when you were nine years old.
when you were nine years old.
135
316037
2623
艾瑞克：告诉我们你九岁的时候发生了什么。
05:30
NL: He was flying to Oklahoma
136
318684
4879
诺曼：他当时要与三个人
一同飞去俄克拉何马州，
一同飞去俄克拉何马州，
05:35
with three guys that my mother said,
137
323587
2071
我妈妈说，
05:37
"I don't want you to have
anything to do with them,
anything to do with them,
138
325682
2382
”我不想你和那三个人有任何关系，
05:40
I don't trust those men."
139
328088
1253
我不相信他们。”
05:42
That's when I heard,
140
330040
1350
那时候我听到他说，
05:43
maybe not for the first time,
141
331414
1483
“别说了，珍妮特。我要去。”
05:44
"Stifle yourself, Jeanette, I'm going."
142
332921
3666
这大概不是我第一次听到了。
05:48
And he went.
143
336611
1477
然后他去了。
05:50
It turns out he was picking up
some fake bonds,
some fake bonds,
144
338112
5017
结果他拿到了一些假债券，
05:55
which he was flying
across the country to sell.
across the country to sell.
145
343153
3523
飞到全国各地做销售。
05:59
But the fact that he was going
to Oklahoma in a plane,
to Oklahoma in a plane,
146
347764
3547
但是他坐飞机去俄克拉何马州，
06:03
and he was going to bring me
back a 10-gallon hat,
back a 10-gallon hat,
147
351335
3691
他要给我带回一个“十加仑“大檐帽，
06:07
just like Ken Maynard,
my favorite cowboy wore.
my favorite cowboy wore.
148
355050
5698
就像我最喜欢的牛仔
肯· 梅德纳戴的那样——
肯· 梅德纳戴的那样——
06:14
You know, this was a few years
after Lindbergh crossed the Atlantic.
after Lindbergh crossed the Atlantic.
149
362124
5088
你知道这是在很多年前
林德伯格穿越大西洋之后。
林德伯格穿越大西洋之后。
06:19
I mean, it was exotic
that my father was going there.
that my father was going there.
150
367236
3597
我的意思是我爸爸
那时候去那儿很奇怪。
那时候去那儿很奇怪。
06:22
But when he came back,
151
370857
1241
但是当他回来的时候，
06:24
they arrested him as he got off the plane.
152
372122
2064
他一下飞机就被逮捕了。
06:26
That night newspapers
were all over the house,
were all over the house,
153
374553
4396
那一晚，屋里到处都是报纸，
06:30
my father was with his hat
in front of his face,
in front of his face,
154
378973
2620
我爸爸戴的帽子遮着他的脸，
06:33
manacled to a detective.
155
381617
1499
他被刑警铐上手铐。
06:35
And my mother was selling the furniture,
because we were leaving --
because we were leaving --
156
383720
3658
我妈妈开始卖家具，
因为我们要离开——
因为我们要离开——
06:39
she didn't want to stay
in that state of shame,
in that state of shame,
157
387402
3809
她不想待在切尔西，马萨诸塞州
06:43
in Chelsea, Massachusetts.
158
391235
2465
生活在耻辱中。
06:46
And selling the furniture --
159
394528
3664
她在卖家具的时候——
06:50
the house was loaded with people.
160
398216
2060
屋里全都是人。
06:52
And in the middle of all of that,
161
400712
2118
在这些人当中，
06:54
some strange horse's ass
put his hand on my shoulder and said,
put his hand on my shoulder and said,
162
402854
6188
有一个奇怪的蠢货
把手放到我的肩膀上，说：
把手放到我的肩膀上，说：
07:01
"Well, you're the man of the house now."
163
409066
2126
”嗯，现在你是家中的男人了。“
07:04
I'm crying, and this asshole says,
"You're the man of the house now."
"You're the man of the house now."
164
412982
5571
我正在哭，而这个混蛋说，
”现在你是这个家里的男人了。“
”现在你是这个家里的男人了。“
07:11
And I think that was the moment
165
419268
2934
我想我就是从那时起
07:14
I began to understand the foolishness
of the human condition.
of the human condition.
166
422226
4110
开始理解到人性的愚蠢。
07:19
So ...
167
427678
2158
然后……
07:22
it took a lot of years to look back at it
and feel it was a benefit.
and feel it was a benefit.
168
430558
4580
我花了很多年重新审视它
并感觉到它的益处。
并感觉到它的益处。
07:28
But --
169
436437
1150
但是——
07:29
EH: It's interesting
you call it a benefit.
you call it a benefit.
170
437611
2268
艾瑞克：你把它看作是有益的这很有趣。
07:31
NL: Benefit in that it gave
me that springboard.
me that springboard.
171
439903
2431
诺曼：益处在于它给了我一个出发点。
07:34
I mean that I could think
172
442358
3780
我的意思是我可以认为
07:38
how foolish it was to say
to this crying nine-year-old boy,
to this crying nine-year-old boy,
173
446162
3188
对一个在哭泣的九岁男孩说
”现在你是这个家里的男人了。“
”现在你是这个家里的男人了。“
07:41
"You're the man of the house now."
174
449374
1905
这样的行为很愚蠢。
07:43
And then I was crying, and then he said,
175
451303
3413
然后我还在哭，然后他说：
07:46
"And men of the house don't cry."
176
454740
2150
”一家之主是不能流泪的。“
07:49
And I ...
177
457755
1540
然后我……
07:51
(Laughter)
178
459319
1285
（笑声）
07:52
So ...
179
460628
1416
所以……
07:56
I look back, and I think
180
464413
1507
我回顾，然后我想
07:57
that's when I learned the foolishness
of the human condition,
of the human condition,
181
465944
4143
那个时候，我了解到了人性的愚蠢，
08:02
and it's been that gift that I've used.
182
470111
2928
之后我一直受益于这个礼物。
08:06
EH: So you have a father who's absent,
183
474015
2528
艾瑞克：所以你有一个缺席的父亲，
08:08
you have a mother for whom
apparently nothing is good enough.
apparently nothing is good enough.
184
476567
2946
你有一个认为什么都不够好的母亲。
08:11
Do you think that starting out as a kid
who maybe never felt heard
who maybe never felt heard
185
479870
5262
你觉不觉得，从一个感到
从未被倾听的孩子开始，
从未被倾听的孩子开始，
08:17
started you down a journey
186
485156
1522
一路走來，
08:18
that ended with you being an adult
187
486702
1778
这段旅程使你最后成为一个
08:20
with a weekly audience
of 120 million people?
of 120 million people?
188
488504
2301
一周拥有一亿两千万收视观众的人？
08:23
NL: I love the way you put that question,
189
491869
3010
诺曼：我喜欢你问这个问题的方式，
08:26
because I guess
I've spent my life wanting --
I've spent my life wanting --
190
494903
3819
因为我猜，我已经花了一生的时间想——
08:30
if anything, wanting to be heard.
191
498746
1986
是否有什么是需要被倾听的。
08:36
I think --
192
504898
1254
我想——
08:40
It's a simple answer, yes,
193
508524
1572
这是个简单的答案，是，
08:42
that was what sparked --
194
510120
2316
就是这个激励了我——
08:45
well, there were other things, too.
195
513857
1707
嗯，也有别的。
08:47
When my father was away,
196
515588
2831
我爸爸不在的时候，
08:50
I was fooling with a crystal radio set
that we had made together,
that we had made together,
197
518443
6042
我摆弄着一个我们之前
一起做的矿石收音机，
一起做的矿石收音机，
08:56
and I caught a signal that turned out
to be Father Coughlin.
to be Father Coughlin.
198
524509
4571
我捕捉到一个信号结果是神父柯林。
09:01
(Laughter)
199
529684
1150
（笑声）
09:04
Yeah, somebody laughed.
200
532770
1342
嗯，一些人笑了。
09:06
(Laughter)
201
534136
1427
（笑声）
09:07
But not funny,
202
535587
1431
但是这并不好笑，
09:09
this was a horse's --
203
537042
1500
这是一个蠢——
09:10
another horse's ass --
204
538566
1616
另一个蠢货——
09:12
who was very vocal
about hating the New Deal
about hating the New Deal
205
540206
2591
他激烈地表达对新政，
09:14
and Roosevelt and Jews.
206
542821
2463
对罗斯福，和对犹太人的厌恶。
09:18
The first time I ran into an understanding
207
546256
3333
那是我第一次意识到
09:21
that there were people
in this world that hated me
in this world that hated me
208
549613
2893
这个世界上有人讨厌我
09:24
because I was born to Jewish parents.
209
552530
1936
就因为我父母是犹太人。
09:27
And that had an enormous
effect on my life.
effect on my life.
210
555291
4127
这对我的人生产生了巨大的影响。
09:32
EH: So you had a childhood
211
560059
1983
艾瑞克：你的童年
09:34
with little in the way
of strong male role models,
of strong male role models,
212
562066
3082
缺少强大的男性榜样，
09:37
except for your grandfather.
213
565172
1536
除了你的爷爷。
09:39
Tell us about him.
214
567272
1880
跟我们说说他。
09:41
NL: Oh, my grandfather.
215
569176
1150
诺曼：哦，我的爷爷。
09:43
Well here's the way I always
talked about that grandfather.
talked about that grandfather.
216
571323
4461
嗯，我总是这样谈论我的爷爷。
09:49
There were parades,
217
577606
1150
我还是个孩子的时候
09:50
lots of parades when I was a kid.
218
578780
1881
有游行，很多游行。
09:52
There were parades on Veteran's Day --
219
580685
1912
老兵节有游行——
09:54
there wasn't a President's Day.
220
582621
1568
不过总统日没有。
09:56
There was Abraham Lincoln's birthday,
221
584213
1913
亚伯拉罕·林肯的生日有，
09:58
George Washington's birthday
222
586150
2104
乔治·华盛顿的生日有，
10:00
and Flag Day ...
223
588278
2490
还有国旗日……
10:03
And lots of little parades.
224
591821
1759
也有很多小游行。
10:05
My grandfather used to take me
225
593604
1429
我爷爷以前会带我去，
10:07
and we'd stand on the street corner,
226
595057
1726
我们会站在街角，
10:08
he'd hold my hand,
227
596807
1336
他拉着我的手，
10:10
and I'd look up and I'd see a tear
running down his eye.
running down his eye.
228
598167
3063
我抬头会看到他流眼泪。
10:15
And he meant a great deal to me.
229
603910
2364
他对我来说意味着很多。
10:18
And he used to write presidents
of the United States.
of the United States.
230
606298
5358
他以前会给美国总统写信。
10:23
Every letter started,
231
611680
1620
每封信都这样开始，
10:25
"My dearest, darling Mr. President,"
232
613324
3079
”我最最亲爱的总统先生，“
10:28
and he'd tell him something
wonderful about what he did.
wonderful about what he did.
233
616427
4618
然后告诉他一些他做的了不起的事。
10:33
But when he disagreed
with the President, he also wrote,
with the President, he also wrote,
234
621069
2932
但是当他不同意
总统的决定时，他也写信。
总统的决定时，他也写信。
10:36
"My dearest, darling Mr. President,
235
624025
1667
”我最最亲爱的总统先生，
10:37
Didn't I tell you last week ...?"
236
625716
1794
上星期我是不是跟你说过……？”
10:39
(Laughter)
237
627534
1579
（笑声）
10:41
And I would run down the stairs
every now and then
every now and then
238
629559
5180
我经常往楼下跑，
10:46
and pick up the mail.
239
634763
1232
去拿信件。
我们当时住在
康涅狄格州纽黑文约克街的74号，
康涅狄格州纽黑文约克街的74号，
10:48
We were three flights up,
240
636019
1219
10:49
74 York Street, New Haven, Connecticut.
241
637262
2225
要上三段楼梯。
10:52
And I'd pick up a little white envelope
reading, "Shya C. called at this address."
reading, "Shya C. called at this address."
242
640945
6612
我会拿到一个小信封，上面写着
“住在这里的Shya C.”。
“住在这里的Shya C.”。
11:02
And that's the story I have told
about my grandfather --
about my grandfather --
243
650734
4536
这就是我讲述过的
关于我爷爷的故事。
关于我爷爷的故事。
11:07
EH: They wrote him back
on the envelopes --
on the envelopes --
244
655294
2021
艾瑞克：他们在信封上回信——
11:09
NL: They wrote back.
245
657339
1220
诺曼：他们回信了。
11:12
But I have shown them myself,
246
660862
4406
但我已经向他们坦白，
11:17
going way back to Phil Donahue
and others before him,
and others before him,
247
665292
5118
从多年前的菲尔多纳休
还有在他之前的其他人，
还有在他之前的其他人，
11:22
literally dozens of interviews
in which I told that story.
in which I told that story.
248
670434
4309
几乎每次的访谈中，
我都有提到那个故事，
我都有提到那个故事，
11:28
This will be the second time I have said
the whole story was a lie.
the whole story was a lie.
249
676283
5119
这将是我第二次说
这个故事是个谎言。
这个故事是个谎言。
11:36
The truth was my grandfather
took me to parades,
took me to parades,
250
684151
4192
真相是我爷爷带我去游行，
11:40
we had lots of those.
251
688367
1323
我们去过很多次。
11:42
The truth is a tear came down his eye.
252
690094
2380
真相是他流泪了。
11:45
The truth is he would write
an occasional letter,
an occasional letter,
253
693340
3707
真相是他偶尔会写一封信，
11:49
and I did pick up those little envelopes.
254
697071
2403
而我的确拿到了那些小信封。
11:52
But "My dearest darling Mr. President,"
255
700536
3412
但是“我最最亲爱的总统先生”，
11:55
all the rest of it,
256
703972
2462
和剩下的所有
11:58
is a story I borrowed from a good friend
257
706458
4516
都是一个我从好朋友那儿借鉴的故事，
12:02
whose grandfather was that grandfather
who wrote those letters.
who wrote those letters.
258
710998
5510
他的爷爷才是那个写了那些信的爷爷。
12:10
And, I mean, I stole
Arthur Marshall's grandfather
Arthur Marshall's grandfather
259
718506
6445
我是说，我偷了
阿瑟·马歇尔的爷爷，
阿瑟·马歇尔的爷爷，
12:16
and made him my own.
260
724975
1730
把他变成了我自己的。
12:20
Always.
261
728997
1150
一直都是这样。
12:22
When I started to write my memoir --
262
730171
2614
当我开始写我的回忆录时——
12:24
"Even this --"
263
732809
1452
《甚至这些——》
12:26
How about that?
264
734285
1165
你怎么看这件事？
12:27
"Even This I Get to Experience."
265
735474
2231
<<甚至这些我都曾经历过>>
12:30
When I started to write the memoir
266
738848
1751
当我开始写回忆录时，
12:32
and I started to think about it,
267
740623
1559
我开始思考，
12:34
and then I --
268
742206
1150
然后我——
12:36
I --
269
744275
1150
我——
12:38
I did a reasonable amount of crying,
270
746529
3802
我真情流露地哭了，
12:42
and I realized how much
I needed the father.
I needed the father.
271
750355
3833
然后我意识到我是多么地需要“父亲”。
12:47
So much so that I appropriated
Arthur Marshall's grandfather.
Arthur Marshall's grandfather.
272
755139
3301
这么需要以至于我借用了
阿瑟·马歇尔的爷爷。
阿瑟·马歇尔的爷爷。
12:51
So much so, the word "father" --
273
759575
2437
这么需要“爸爸”——
12:54
I have six kids by the way.
274
762573
1945
顺便一提，我有六个孩子，
12:57
My favorite role in life.
275
765273
1707
“爸爸”是我生活中
最喜欢的角色，
最喜欢的角色，
13:01
It and husband to my wife Lyn.
276
769482
2476
还有身为我妻子，林，
的丈夫这个角色。
的丈夫这个角色。
13:07
But I stole the man's identity
because I needed the father.
because I needed the father.
277
775972
4481
但是我偷用了那个人的身份
因为我需要一个“爸爸“。
因为我需要一个“爸爸“。
13:13
Now I've gone through a whole lot of shit
278
781243
3683
我经历了那么多悲惨的事，
13:16
and come out on the other side,
279
784950
2007
结果我站到了另一边，
13:18
and I forgive my father --
280
786981
1587
我原谅了我的爸爸——
13:20
the best thing I --
281
788592
1210
最好的事情——
13:21
the worst thing I --
282
789826
1289
最坏的事情——
13:23
The word I'd like to use about him
and think about him is --
and think about him is --
283
791711
3084
我想起他，形容他
想要用的词是——
想要用的词是——
13:26
he was a rascal.
284
794819
1368
他是一个混蛋。
13:29
The fact that he lied
and stole and cheated
and stole and cheated
285
797020
4913
他说谎，偷窃，欺骗，
13:33
and went to prison ...
286
801957
1200
然后进了监狱……
13:37
I submerge that in the word "rascal."
287
805349
3857
我让这些都沉浸在
“混蛋”这个词中。
“混蛋”这个词中。
13:41
EH: Well there's a saying that amateurs
borrow and professionals steal.
borrow and professionals steal.
288
809809
6127
艾瑞克：人们常说，"外行借，内行偷"。
13:48
NL: I'm a pro.
289
816366
1225
诺曼：我是职业的。
13:49
EH: You're a pro.
290
817615
1151
艾瑞克：没错，你是职业的。
13:50
(Laughter)
291
818790
1316
（笑声）
13:52
And that quote is widely
attributed to John Lennon,
attributed to John Lennon,
292
820130
3147
人们普遍认为这句话出自约翰·列侬，
13:55
but it turns out
he stole it from T.S. Eliot.
he stole it from T.S. Eliot.
293
823301
2190
但其实他是从艾略特那偷来的。
13:57
So you're in good company.
294
825515
1389
所以你有好同伴了。
13:58
(Laughter)
295
826928
1158
（笑声）
14:02
EH: I want to talk about your work.
296
830602
2325
艾瑞克：我想谈谈你的成就。
14:04
Obviously the impact of your work
has been written about
has been written about
297
832951
2706
显然你的成就所带来的影响
已经被评论过，
已经被评论过，
14:07
and I'm sure you've heard
about it all your life:
about it all your life:
298
835681
2366
我相信你已经听过很多：
14:10
what it meant to people,
299
838071
1151
它对人们意味着什么，
14:11
what it meant to our culture,
300
839246
1430
它对我们的文化意味着什么，
14:12
you heard the applause when I just
named the names of the shows,
named the names of the shows,
301
840700
3001
当我刚才列举那些电视剧电影的时候
你听到了掌声，
你听到了掌声，
14:15
you raised half the people
in the room through your work.
in the room through your work.
302
843725
3428
你使这里半数的人起身致敬你的成就。
14:19
But have there ever been any stories
about the impact of your work
about the impact of your work
303
847177
3535
有没有过什么关于你成就影响的故事
14:22
that surprised you?
304
850736
1314
使你感到惊讶呢？
14:24
NL: Oh, god --
305
852740
1214
诺曼：哦，上帝——
14:26
surprised me and delighted me
from head to toe.
from head to toe.
306
854387
4892
使我整个人都感到惊讶和欣喜。
14:33
There was "An Evening with Norman Lear"
within the last year
within the last year
307
861437
5493
去年有一个<<和诺曼·李尔的夜晚>>
的谈话节目，
的谈话节目，
14:38
that a group of hip-hop impresarios,
308
866954
3504
把一群嘻哈经理人，
14:42
performers and the Academy put together.
309
870482
3936
舞者和电视学会聚在一起。
14:47
The subtext of "An Evening with ..."
310
875902
1904
“和……的夜晚”的潜台词是：
14:49
was: What do a 92-year-old Jew --
311
877830
4089
一个92岁的犹太人——
14:53
then 92 --
312
881943
1151
已经92岁了——
14:55
and the world of hip-hop have in common?
313
883118
2013
和嘻哈界有什么共同点？
14:57
Russell Simmons
was among seven on the stage.
was among seven on the stage.
314
885155
2689
拉塞尔·西蒙斯是台上的七人之一。
15:00
And when he talked about the shows,
315
888783
4321
当他谈到那些电视剧时，
15:05
he wasn't talking about the Hollywood,
316
893128
4533
他不是在谈论好莱坞
15:09
George Jefferson in "The Jeffersons,"
317
897685
3724
《杰佛逊一家》中的乔治·杰佛逊
15:13
or the show that was a number five show.
318
901433
2415
或是这个当时排名第五的电视剧。
15:16
He was talking about a simple
thing that made a big --
thing that made a big --
319
904847
5651
他在谈论的是，一件简单的事情
产生了巨大的——
产生了巨大的——
15:25
EH: Impact on him?
320
913324
1201
艾瑞克：对他产生了巨大的影响？
15:26
NL: An impact on him --
321
914549
1938
诺曼：对他的影响——
15:28
I was hesitating over the word, "change."
322
916511
2507
我在犹豫用“改变”这个词。
15:31
It's hard for me to imagine,
323
919430
2563
我很难想象，
15:34
you know, changing somebody's life,
324
922017
1828
你知道，改变某人的人生，
15:35
but that's the way he put it.
325
923869
1785
但是他是这么说的。
15:37
He saw George Jefferson
write a check on "The Jeffersons,"
write a check on "The Jeffersons,"
326
925678
6089
他看到乔治·杰佛逊
在《杰佛逊一家》中开了一张支票，
在《杰佛逊一家》中开了一张支票，
15:43
and he never knew that a black man
could write a check.
could write a check.
327
931791
3610
而他从不知道一个黑人可以写支票。
15:48
And he says it just
impacted his life so --
impacted his life so --
328
936788
4953
他说，这影响了他的人生——
15:53
it changed his life.
329
941765
1685
这改变了他的人生。
15:55
And when I hear things like that --
330
943474
3474
而当我听到这样的事情时——
15:58
little things --
331
946972
1675
这些微不足道的小事——
16:00
because I know that there isn't
anybody in this audience
anybody in this audience
332
948671
3182
因为我知道这里的观众没有人
16:03
that wasn't likely responsible today for
some little thing they did for somebody,
some little thing they did for somebody,
333
951877
6503
会在意他们为别人做过的小事。
16:10
whether it's as little as a smile
or an unexpected "Hello,"
or an unexpected "Hello,"
334
958404
5342
不管它小到是一个微笑
还是一个意想不到的“你好”，
还是一个意想不到的“你好”，
16:15
that's how little this thing was.
335
963770
2364
那件事就是这么小。
16:18
It could have been the dresser of the set
336
966833
4271
有可能是梳妆者
16:23
who put the checkbook on the thing,
337
971128
1686
把支票簿放在了那上面，
16:24
and George had nothing to do
while he was speaking, so he wrote it,
while he was speaking, so he wrote it,
338
972838
3689
而乔治在说话的时候
无事可做便写了支票，
无事可做便写了支票，
16:28
I don't know.
339
976551
1276
我不知道，
16:29
But --
340
977851
1150
但是——
16:31
EH: So in addition to the long list
I shared in the beginning,
I shared in the beginning,
341
979634
2938
艾瑞克：所以除了我在一开始
提到的那些成就，
提到的那些成就，
16:34
I should have also mentioned
that you invented hip-hop.
that you invented hip-hop.
342
982596
2646
我也应该提及说是你创造了嘻哈。
16:37
(Laughter)
343
985266
1101
（笑声）
16:38
NL: Well ...
344
986391
1443
诺曼：额……
16:40
EH: I want to talk about --
345
988755
1485
艾瑞克：我想谈谈——
16:42
NL: Well, then do it.
346
990264
1300
诺曼：嗯，那就加上吧。
16:43
(Laughter)
347
991588
4810
（笑声）
16:49
EH: You've lead a life of accomplishment,
348
997706
2762
艾瑞克：你走过了充满成就的一生，
16:52
but you've also built a life of meaning.
349
1000492
1936
但同时你也造就了充满意义的一生。
16:54
And all of us strive to do
both of those things --
both of those things --
350
1002809
2572
我们所有人都在努力达成这两件事——
16:57
not all of us manage to.
351
1005405
1594
不是所有人都能成功。
16:59
But even those of us who do manage
to accomplish both of those,
to accomplish both of those,
352
1007984
3771
但即使是那些
成功达成这两件事的人，
成功达成这两件事的人，
17:03
very rarely do we figure out
how to do them together.
how to do them together.
353
1011779
2570
也极少能弄明白
如何同时达成它们。
如何同时达成它们。
17:06
You managed to push culture
forward through your art
forward through your art
354
1014884
4880
你成功用艺术推动了文化的前行，
17:11
while also achieving world-beating
commercial success.
commercial success.
355
1019788
3858
同时也取得了了惊人的商业成就。
17:15
How did you do both?
356
1023670
1190
你是如何同时做到的？
17:23
NL: Here's where my mind goes when I hear
that recitation of all I accomplished.
that recitation of all I accomplished.
357
1031391
5816
诺曼：这是我在听到
我所有的成就时想到的。
我所有的成就时想到的。
17:31
This planet is one of a billion,
358
1039304
4056
这里是无数行星中的一颗，
17:35
they tell us,
359
1043384
1189
他们告诉我们，
17:36
in a universe
of which there are billions --
of which there are billions --
360
1044875
5818
在这个宇宙中有几十亿——
17:42
billions of universes,
361
1050717
1568
几十亿个宇宙，
17:44
billions of planets ...
362
1052309
3607
几十亿颗行星……
17:47
which we're trying to save
363
1055940
1883
我们在试图保护，
17:49
and it requires saving.
364
1057847
1784
它也需要我们的保护。
17:53
But ...
365
1061549
1174
但是……
17:55
anything I may have accomplished is --
366
1063699
3650
我的任何成就——
17:59
my sister once asked me
what she does about something
what she does about something
367
1067770
4039
我姐姐曾问我，对于
在纽因顿，康涅狄格州发生的事情，
在纽因顿，康涅狄格州发生的事情，
18:03
that was going on
in Newington, Connecticut.
in Newington, Connecticut.
368
1071833
2942
她做了些什么。
18:06
And I said, "Write your alderman
or your mayor or something."
or your mayor or something."
369
1074799
2925
我说：“写信给市议员或者
市长或者别的什么。”
市长或者别的什么。”
18:09
She said, "Well I'm not
Norman Lear, I'm Claire Lear."
Norman Lear, I'm Claire Lear."
370
1077748
3138
她说：“额，我不是诺曼·李尔，
我是克莱尔·李尔。”
我是克莱尔·李尔。”
18:13
And that was the first time
I said what I'm saying,
I said what I'm saying,
371
1081819
4516
然后那是我第一次说到
我现正在谈的这些东西，
我现正在谈的这些东西，
18:18
I said, "Claire. With everything
you think about what I may have done
you think about what I may have done
372
1086359
4339
我说：“克莱尔，你认为我做过的所有事
18:22
and everything you've done," --
373
1090722
1477
和你做过的所有事，”——
18:24
she never left Newington --
374
1092223
2343
她从未离开过纽因顿——
18:26
"can you get your fingers close enough
375
1094590
1810
“当你考虑到地球宇宙等等这些大小的时候，
18:28
when you consider the size
of the planet and so forth,
of the planet and so forth,
376
1096424
3917
你即使把手指努力并拢，那缝隙也不足以
18:32
to measure anything I may have done
to anything you may have done?"
to anything you may have done?"
377
1100365
3214
衡量我做过的或者是你做过的事吗。“
18:36
So ...
378
1104150
1230
所以……
18:38
I am convinced we're all responsible
379
1106486
3588
我相信我们都能
18:42
for doing as much
as I may have accomplished.
as I may have accomplished.
380
1110098
3221
做到我也许达成了的。
18:47
And I understand what you're saying --
381
1115269
1890
我理解你说的是什么——
18:49
EH: It's an articulate deflection --
382
1117183
1715
艾瑞克：这是一个很明显的谎言——
18:50
NL: But you have to really buy into
the size and scope
the size and scope
383
1118922
3958
诺曼：但是你必须考虑到造物主造就的
18:54
of the creator's enterprise, here.
384
1122904
1954
空间和大小，在这里。
18:56
EH: But here on this planet
you have really mattered.
you have really mattered.
385
1124882
2584
艾瑞克：但是在这里在地球上，
你真的很重要。
你真的很重要。
18:59
NL: I'm a son of a gun.
386
1127490
1150
诺曼：我是个混蛋。
19:00
(Laughter)
387
1128981
1521
（笑声）
19:02
EH: So I have one more question for you.
388
1130526
3798
艾瑞克：我还有一个问题。
19:06
How old do you feel?
389
1134348
1273
你觉得自己几岁了？
19:09
NL: I am the peer
of whoever I'm talking to.
of whoever I'm talking to.
390
1137411
4412
诺曼：我是任何和我交谈者的同龄人。
19:14
EH: Well, I feel 93.
391
1142704
1372
艾瑞克：嗯，我觉得我93岁了。
19:16
(Applause)
392
1144100
6560
（掌声）
19:22
NL: We out of here?
393
1150684
1310
诺曼：结束了？
19:24
EH: Well, I feel 93 years old,
394
1152018
1884
艾瑞克：嗯，我觉得我93岁了，
19:25
but I hope to one day feel as young
as the person I'm sitting across from.
as the person I'm sitting across from.
395
1153926
3789
但是我希望有一天，我也能感觉
和坐在我对面的这个人一样年轻。
和坐在我对面的这个人一样年轻。
19:29
Ladies and gentlemen,
396
1157739
1150
女士们先生们，
19:30
the incomparable Norman Lear.
397
1158913
1424
致敬伟大的诺曼·李尔。
19:32
(Applause)
398
1160361
5664
（掌声）
19:38
NL: Thank you.
399
1166049
1151
诺曼：谢谢。
19:39
(Applause)
400
1167224
5941
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Norman Lear - Producer, activistWriter, producer and free-speech champion Norman Lear defined decades of US popular culture with his groundbreaking TV shows.
Why you should listen
With his blockbuster TV hit All in the Family, Norman Lear introduced new icons -- Archie and Edith Bunker -- while simultaneously redefining television and its role in America’s moral conscience. The series spawned hit spin-offs like The Jeffersons, One Day at a Time and Maude, making Lear a household name throughout the 1970s and 1980s.
Lear’s free-speech activism dovetails with his entertainment career. In 1981, Lear founded People for the American Way in response to a wave of religious fundamentalism he viewed as a threat to the separation of church and state. In 2001, he purchased an early print of the Declaration of Independence, showing it throughout the US as part of the Declaration of Independence Road Trip.
Lear's memoir, Even This I Get to Experience, was released in 2014. The PBS documentary series American Masters will release Norman Lear: Just Another Version of You in theaters July 2016 and on PBS and Netflix Fall 2016.
Norman Lear | Speaker | TED.com
Eric Hirshberg - CEO, Activision
Eric Hirshberg leads Activision, one of the world's largest interactive entertainment companies.
Why you should listen
Under Eric Hirshberg's leadership, Activision has delivered the largest entertainment launch in history three times with Call of Duty, the biggest new franchise launch in the industry's history with Destiny, and both the biggest kids' game and the biggest action figure line in the world with Skylanders. All of this has helped Activision Blizzard to be named as one of the 50 most innovative companies in the world by Fast Company and one of the 100 best places to work by Fortune.
Before his time at Activision, Hirshberg built the award winning advertising agency, Deutsch LA as its Co-CEO/Chief Creative Officer. Under Eric's leadership, DeutschLA was named Agency of the Year seven times. Hirshberg has been named one of the 10 most influential people in marketing by Advertising Age Magazine and one of the 50 most creative people in business by Creativity Magazine.
Hirshberg also sits on the boards of the UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture and The X-Prize Foundation. In 2015, Hirshberg gave the commencement address for the School of the Arts and Architecture on June 13, 2015.
Eric Hirshberg | Speaker | TED.com