ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Franz Freudenthal - Pediatric cardiologist
With his unique inventions (including a device knitted from threads of high-tech alloy by indigenous craftswomen), Franz Freudenthal saves children from congenital heart defects.

Why you should listen

In his quest to understand the complexities of congenital heart disease, Bolivian-German physician and inventor Franz Freudenthal creates and produces sophisticated devices aimed at improving the lives of patients, especially children that will carry this device inside their heart for the rest of their lives.

His most heralded invention, the Nit Occlud, closes a hole in the heart or arteries and restores basic heart functionality. Freudenthal works with top scientists and universities from Europe and North and South America; however, his heart is in Bolivia, where he works with a team of engineers and highly skilled laborers and dreams of healthy children.

More profile about the speaker
Franz Freudenthal | Speaker | TED.com
TED2016

Franz Freudenthal: A new way to heal hearts without surgery

Franz Freudenthal: 无创治疗心脏疾病的新方法

Filmed:
1,498,108 views

在医学发现与原住民文化的共同影响下,儿科心脏专家Franz Freudenthal发现了一种可以为全球患儿进行心脏修复的器材,而这一器材的灵感竟来自于传统玻利维亚的纺织业。他说:“当下,只要有梦想,就可以用最简单的手段解决最复杂的问题。”
- Pediatric cardiologist
With his unique inventions (including a device knitted from threads of high-tech alloy by indigenous craftswomen), Franz Freudenthal saves children from congenital heart defects. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
The most complex复杂 problems问题 in our time
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现如今,只要有梦想,
就可以用最简单的手段解决
00:16
can be solved解决了 with simple简单 techniques技术,
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00:19
if we are able能够 to dream梦想.
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最复杂的问题。
00:22
As a child儿童, I discovered发现
that creativity创造力 is the key
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在孩童时期,我发现
让梦想照进现实的关键,
在于创造力。
00:27
to cross交叉 from dreams to reality现实.
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00:33
I learned学到了 this from my grandmother祖母,
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我是从我的外祖母,
Ruth Tichauer博士
00:35
Dr博士. Ruth怜悯 TichauerTichauer,
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那里学到的,
00:38
a Jewish犹太 refugee难民 that settled安定
in the heart of the Andes安第斯山脉.
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她是居住在安第斯山脉深处的
一位犹太难民。
00:43
That is how I grew成长 up:
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在我成长的一路上,
外祖母总是鼓励我超越自己的极限。
00:46
encouraged鼓励 to see beyond any limitation局限性.
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00:50
So part部分 of my education教育
included包括 helping帮助 her
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我的一部分教育来自于
在遥远的当地部落
帮她做事的经历。
00:54
in remote远程, indigenous土著 communities社区.
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00:57
I cherish珍视 those memories回忆,
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我非常珍惜这些经历,
因为它们帮我了解了城市以外的生活,
01:00
because they helped帮助 me
to understand理解 life outside the city,
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01:07
a life with a lot of possibilities可能性,
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那种生活有无限可能,
没有语言或文化的障碍。
01:10
without barriers障碍, as language语言 or culture文化.
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01:13
During those trips旅行, my grandmother祖母
used to recite背诵 a Kipling吉卜林 poem:
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在那些旅途当中,
外祖母曾经背过吉普林的一首诗:
01:18
"Something hidden. Go and find it.
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“出发吧,去寻觅隐藏的宝藏。
去山川背后寻找。
01:22
Go and look behind背后 the Mountains.
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那些宝藏遗失在山川背后,
01:24
Something lost丢失 behind背后 the mountains.
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正在等待你的发掘。出发吧!”
01:28
Lost丢失 and waiting等候 for you. Go!"
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01:33
In the coming未来 years年份,
I became成为 a medical student学生.
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后来几年,我去了医学院读书。
01:38
One of every一切 hundred
children孩子 born天生 worldwide全世界
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我得知,世界上每一百个
新生儿中就会有一个
01:43
has some kind of heart disease疾病.
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患有某种心脏疾病。
01:47
There's a part部分 of this problem问题
I think I can solve解决 --
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我认为这是个我有能力
去帮助治愈的疾病——
事实上,我一生都致力于这项研究。
01:52
the part部分 of this problem问题
I have spent花费 my life working加工 on.
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01:59
The problem问题 starts启动
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这个疾病产生于
怀孕期间。
02:02
during pregnancy怀孕.
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02:04
The fetus胎儿 needs需求 to survive生存
inside the mother母亲.
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胎儿是否能够在母亲腹中存活,
02:08
Survival生存 depends依靠 on communication通讯
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取决于血液在
02:13
between之间 the systemic系统的
and the pulmonary肺的 blood血液.
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体循环与肺循环间的交换。
02:16
At the moment时刻 of birth分娩,
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胎儿出生时,
02:19
this communication通讯 needs需求 to stop.
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这一交换必须停止。
02:22
If it doesn't close, the baby宝宝
has a hole in the heart.
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如果未能停止,
婴儿就会出现先天性心脏缺损。
02:27
It is caused造成 by prematurity早熟
and genetic遗传 conditions条件.
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这个问题多由早产及遗传因素引发。
02:32
But what we know today今天
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但如今我们发现,
缺氧也会引发这一疾病。
02:35
is that a lack缺乏 of oxygen
is also one of the causes原因.
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02:41
As you can see in the chart图表,
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在图中可以看到,
02:43
the frequency频率 of this kind of hole
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随着海拔的增高,
这种病出现的频率也大幅增加。
02:48
dramatically显着 increases增加 with altitude高度.
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02:52
Video视频: (Baby宝宝 crying哭了)
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视频:(婴儿哭声)
02:56
When you look at patients耐心
with this condition条件,
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先天性心脏缺损的患者
难以正常呼吸。
02:59
they seem似乎 desperate殊死 to breathe呼吸.
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03:02
To close the hole, major重大的 surgery手术
used to be the only solution.
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过去,我们只能通过大手术
来修复这一缺损。
03:08
One night, my friend朋友 Malte马尔特,
were camping露营 in the Amazon亚马逊 region地区.
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有一天,我和我朋友Malte
在亚马逊流域露营。
03:14
The only thing that would not burn烧伤
in the fire was a green绿色 avocado鳄梨 branch.
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我们发现唯一不能被火点燃的
东西是绿鳄梨的树枝。
03:21
Then came来了 a moment时刻 of inspiration灵感.
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这时我们有了一个灵感。
03:24
So we used the branch as a mold模子
for our first invention发明.
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我们利用这种枝条设计出了
一个器材雏形。
它可以修补儿童心脏上的缺损。
03:29
The holes in children's儿童 hearts心中
can be closed关闭 with it.
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03:32
A coil is a piece of wire线
wrapped包裹 onto itself本身.
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这是一种螺旋体缠绕的结构。
03:37
It maybe doesn't look so fancy幻想 to you now,
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也许对你们而言这并不稀奇,
但它却是我们修补心脏的
03:40
but that was our first successful成功 attempt尝试
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03:44
to create创建 a device设备 for this major重大的 problem问题.
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首次成功尝试。
03:49
In this video视频, we can see
how a very tiny catheter导管
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这个视频演示了微型导管将螺旋体
03:52
takes the coil to the heart.
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植入心脏的过程。
03:55
The coil then closes关闭 the hole.
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之后,螺旋体修补了漏洞。
经由这一灵感启发,
03:57
After that moment时刻 of inspiration灵感,
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我们通过相当长时间的努力,
04:00
there came来了 a very long time of effort功夫
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04:06
developing发展 a prototype原型.
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研发出了一种器材原型。
我们在实验室里进行了
上千小时的体外实验及研究。
04:08
In vitro体外 and in vivo体内 studies学习 took
thousands数千 of hours小时 of work in the lab实验室.
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这种螺旋体一旦成功植入,
就能挽救生命。
04:15
The coil, if it works作品, can save保存 lives生活.
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04:20
I returned from Germany德国 to Bolivia玻利维亚,
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我从德国返回波利尼亚,
想着无论我们去哪,
04:22
thinking思维 that wherever哪里 we go,
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都有机会实现重大突破。
04:25
we have the opportunity机会
to make a difference区别.
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04:29
With my wife妻子 and partner伙伴,
Dr博士. Alexandra亚历山德拉 Heath希思,
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我和我妻子,也是我的合作伙伴
Alexandra Heath博士
一起开始接诊。
04:33
we started开始 to see patients耐心.
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04:35
After successfully顺利 treating治疗
patients耐心 with our coil,
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在成功地用螺旋体治愈患者后,
我们感到非常激动。
04:39
we felt really enthusiastic热情.
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04:42
But we live生活 in a place地点
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但我们住在
04:46
that is 12,000 feet high.
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海拔3600多米的地方。
04:51
And,
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而且,
那里的病人们需要一种特别的器材
来解决他们的心脏问题。
04:54
the patients耐心 there need a special特别 device设备
to solve解决 their heart condition条件.
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04:59
The hole in altitude高度
patients耐心 is different不同,
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高海拔地区病人的心脏缺损
不同于其他地区,
05:02
because the orifice
between之间 the arteries动脉 is larger.
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因为他们的动脉孔径更大。
05:06
Most patients耐心 cannot不能 afford给予
to be treated治疗 on time,
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绝大多数患者因得不到及时治疗,
最终不幸去世。
05:11
and they die.
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05:13
The first coil could successfully顺利 treat对待
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我们的第一代螺旋体只能成功救治
玻利维亚一半的患者。
05:17
only half of the patients耐心 in Bolivia玻利维亚.
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05:23
The search搜索 started开始 again.
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于是我们又从零开始
05:26
We went back to the drawing画画 board.
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寻找新的材料。
05:31
After many许多 trials试验,
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多次试验无果后,
我在外祖母在山区的
原住民朋友的帮助下,
05:33
and with the help of my grandmother's祖母
indigenous土著 friends朋友 in the mountains,
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获得了一种新的器材。
05:38
we obtained获得 a new device设备.
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05:40
For centuries百年, indigenous土著 women妇女
told stories故事 by weaving织布 complex复杂 patterns模式
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几个世纪以来,原住民妇女
在织布机上织出了
05:46
on looms织机,
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各种复杂的图案,
05:48
and an unexpected意外 skill技能
helped帮助 us for the new device设备.
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我们从这种传统织布工艺上得出灵感。
05:53
We take this traditional传统 method方法 of weaving织布
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我们用这种纺织方法
05:56
and make a design设计 made制作 by a smart聪明 material材料
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加工出了一种智能材料,
06:00
that records记录 shape形状.
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具有形状记忆的特性。
06:03
It seems似乎 this time,
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看起来这次,
06:05
the weaving织布 allows允许 us
to create创建 a seamless无缝 device设备
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织布技术似乎帮我们
造出了一种无缝器材,
06:10
that doesn't rust
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它不会生锈,
06:13
because it's made制作 of only one piece.
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因为它是一体化的,没有接缝。
06:17
It can change更改 by itself本身
into very complex复杂 structures结构
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它可以通过一种花费了
数十年才研发出的方法
改变自身形状,变成极为复杂的结构。
06:21
by a procedure程序 that took
decades几十年 to develop发展.
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06:26
As you can see, the device设备 enters进入 the body身体
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我们可以看到,这种器材无需
大型切口就可以进入人体。
06:29
through通过 the natural自然 channels渠道.
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06:32
Doctors医生 have only to close
the catheter导管 through通过 the hole.
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医生只需要在穿过
心脏缺损的部分后关闭导管。
06:36
Our device设备 expands展开, places地方 itself本身
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我们的这种器材会
自动膨大并找准位置,
紧接着修复心脏缺损。
06:38
and closes关闭 the hole.
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06:42
We have this beautiful美丽 delivery交货 system系统
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这种放置方式极为简单,
06:45
that is so simple简单 to use
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06:47
because it works作品 by itself本身.
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因为它可以自动完成,
06:50
No open打开 surgery手术 was necessary必要.
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我们不再需要创伤性手术。
06:55
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
07:04
As doctors医生, we fight斗争 with diseases疾病
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我们医生与疾病抗争,
有的疾病就算能治愈 ,
07:06
that take a long time
and effort功夫 to heal愈合 -- if they do.
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也需要花费很长时间、很多努力。
07:11
This is the child儿童 from before,
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这是之前那个患儿
手术后的影像资料,
07:14
after the procedure程序.
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我们可以看到——
07:15
As you can see --
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(掌声)
07:17
(Applause掌声)
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07:22
As you can see,
once一旦 the device设备 is in place地点,
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我们可以看到,这种器材一旦放入,
患者的治愈率就可以达到100%。
07:25
the patient患者 is 100 percent百分 healed愈合.
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07:28
From start开始 to finish,
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从手术开始到结束,
07:30
the whole整个 procedure程序 takes only 30 minutes分钟.
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只需要短短30分钟。
这从医疗及普通人的角度
来说都非常令人振奋。
07:35
That's very rewarding奖励 from the medical
and human人的 point of view视图.
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我们可以骄傲地说,
之前的一些患者现在也成为了
07:40
We are so proud骄傲 that some
of our former前任的 patients耐心
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07:47
are part部分 of our team球队 --
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我们团队的一员——
07:50
a team球队, thanks谢谢 to added添加 close interaction相互作用
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非常感谢患者与我们的
密切合作。
07:54
with patients耐心 that work with us.
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07:57
Together一起, we have only one idea理念:
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我们只有一个想法:
最好的解决方案必须足够简单。
08:01
the best最好 solutions解决方案 need to be simple简单.
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08:05
We lost丢失 the fear恐惧
of creating创建 something new.
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我们不再害怕创造新的东西。
08:09
The path路径, it's not easy简单.
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这一路走来并不容易。
08:12
Many许多 obstacles障碍 arise出现 all the time.
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我们遇到了很多阻碍。
08:15
But we receive接收 strength强度 from our patients耐心.
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但我们从患者的身上汲取到了力量。
他们的坚忍与勇气
08:19
Their resilience弹性 and courage勇气
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08:24
inspire启发 our creativity创造力.
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激励着我们去探索、创造。
08:27
Our goal目标 is to make sure
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我们的目标是
确保没有孩子因为费用和条件的限制
08:30
that no child儿童 is left behind背后,
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而得不到及时的治疗。
08:34
not because of cost成本 or access访问.
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08:39
So we have to start开始 a foundation基础
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所以我们成立了一个
08:42
with a one-to-one一到一个 model模型.
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一对一模式的基金会。
08:45
We will give one device设备 for free自由
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我们为每个患儿免费提供这种器材,
08:49
to make sure that every一切 child儿童 is treated治疗.
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以确保他们都能够得到治疗。
08:53
We are in many许多 countries国家 now,
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目前这一基金会在很多国家同时运营,
08:56
but we need to be everywhere到处.
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但我们需要它进一步扩大至全世界。
09:00
This whole整个 thing began开始
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所有的这些事情都起源于
一个几乎不可能的期望,
09:03
with one impossible不可能 idea理念
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但我们仍要继续实现它,那就是:
09:06
as will continue继续 it, really:
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09:10
No child儿童 is left behind背后.
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让每朵鲜花都有绽放的权力!
(不放弃每一个孩子)
09:15
Muchas一样多 gracias格拉西亚斯.
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非常感谢(西班牙语)。
(掌声)
09:17
(Applause掌声)
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Translated by Chen Wang
Reviewed by Thea Hwa

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Franz Freudenthal - Pediatric cardiologist
With his unique inventions (including a device knitted from threads of high-tech alloy by indigenous craftswomen), Franz Freudenthal saves children from congenital heart defects.

Why you should listen

In his quest to understand the complexities of congenital heart disease, Bolivian-German physician and inventor Franz Freudenthal creates and produces sophisticated devices aimed at improving the lives of patients, especially children that will carry this device inside their heart for the rest of their lives.

His most heralded invention, the Nit Occlud, closes a hole in the heart or arteries and restores basic heart functionality. Freudenthal works with top scientists and universities from Europe and North and South America; however, his heart is in Bolivia, where he works with a team of engineers and highly skilled laborers and dreams of healthy children.

More profile about the speaker
Franz Freudenthal | Speaker | TED.com