ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty.

Why you should listen

Jacqueline Novogratz writes: "I want to build a movement in which we define success based on the amount of human energy we release in the world.

"I started my career on Wall Street and soon discovered that markets are efficient, but by themselves they too often overlook or exploit the poor. So I moved to Rwanda in 1986 to help found the country’s first micro-finance bank. There I saw the humanitarian ethos of philanthropy, and also how often top-down solutions too often create dependency, the opposite of dignity. Through 30 years of working on solutions to poverty, I have come to redefine it for myself, seeing it not as how much income a person earns, but how free they are to make their own choices and decisions, how much agency they have over their own lives.

Acumen was founded to change the way the world tackles poverty in 2001. Our mission was simple – to raise philanthropy and invest it as patient capital – long-term investment in intrepid entrepreneurs willing to go where markets and government had failed the poor. We enable companies to experiment and fail, never wavering from a commitment to stand with the poor, yet understanding that profitability is necessary for sustainable solutions. We’ve invested more than $110M across South Asia, Africa, Latin America and the US, and have seen entire sectors disrupted and hundreds of millions served.

The work also taught that it was critical to invest in talent. To date, we’ve supported nearly 400 Acumen Fellows across lines of race, class, ethnicity, religion and ideology. They are a beautiful group, full of vision and grit, and a determination to do what is right, not easy. The group itself enables individual leaders to endure the loneliness that is part of the work.

And then we measure what matters rather than just what we can count. Take this all together and you see our mission to do what it takes to build a world in which all of us have the chance to dream and to flourish, not from a place of easy sentimentality but through a commitment to using the tools of capitalism and the attributes of moral leadership to focus on doing what it takes, and no less.

More profile about the speaker
Jacqueline Novogratz | Speaker | TED.com
TED@State

Jacqueline Novogratz: A third way to think about aid

杰奎琳·诺沃格拉茨:“援助”思考的第三极

Filmed:
536,381 views

国际援助的存在使笃信慈善组织的人和笃信市场经济的人产生了持久的争论。然而杰奎琳·诺沃格拉茨则提出了一条中庸之道,并且提供了一些企业创新推动社会变革的例子。
- Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
Clearly明确地, we're living活的 in a moment时刻 of crisis危机.
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显然我们处在一个满是危机的时刻。
00:19
Arguably按理说 the financial金融 markets市场 have failed失败 us
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现时的金融市场可以说是使我们失望的,
00:22
and the aid援助 system系统 is failing失败 us,
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同时这个援助体系也使我们失望。
00:25
and yet然而 I stand firmly牢牢 with the optimists乐观主义者
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但是我坚决地站在乐观者的一边
00:28
who believe that there has probably大概 never been a more exciting扣人心弦 moment时刻 to be alive.
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因为乐观者们都坚信这可能是我们生命中最令人兴奋的时刻。
00:31
Because of some of technologies技术 we've我们已经 been talking about.
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由于我们现正谈论的科技。
00:34
Because of the resources资源, the skills技能,
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由于现有的资源,以及技艺,
00:36
and certainly当然 the surge浪涌 of talent天赋 we're seeing眼看 all around the world世界,
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当然还有世界各地涌现的各种各样的人才们,
00:39
with the mindset心态 to create创建 change更改.
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以及他们具有的进行变革的决心。
00:42
And we've我们已经 got a president主席 who sees看到 himself他自己 as a global全球 citizen公民,
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而且我们还拥有一位视己为世界一份子的总统,
00:47
who recognizes识别 that no longer is there a single superpower超级大国,
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并且认识到全球不再仅有一个超级大国,
00:50
but that we've我们已经 got to engage从事 in a different不同 way with the world世界.
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但是我们需要用一种全新的方式与世界进行衔接。
00:53
And by definition定义, every一切 one of you who is in this room房间
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从字面义上讲,在这屋子里面的所有人
00:57
must必须 consider考虑 yourself你自己 a global全球 soul灵魂,
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一定要把自己当做全球的一份子,
00:59
a global全球 citizen公民.
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当做全球公民。
01:01
You work on the front面前 lines线. And you've seen看到 the best最好 and the worst最差
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你们都是一线工作者。你们也看见过人性中
01:03
that human人的 beings众生 can do for one another另一个 and to one another另一个.
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最美好与最悲戚的画面。
01:07
And no matter what country国家 you live生活 or work in,
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不管你是在那个国家工作或居住,
01:09
you've also seen看到 the extraordinary非凡 things that individuals个人 are capable of,
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你们都应该见过人所能承受的极限,
01:13
even in their most ordinariness平凡.
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即使是在最普通的人的身上。
01:16
Today今天 there is a raging愤怒 debate辩论
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今时正有一场辩论在迅速蔓延
01:19
as to how best最好 we lift电梯 people out of poverty贫穷,
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是关于怎样最好的将人们从贫困中拯救出来,
01:23
how best最好 we release发布 their energies能量.
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怎样帮助他们最好地发挥他们的潜能。
01:25
On the one hand, we have people that say
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一方面,有人认为
01:27
the aid援助 system系统 is so broken破碎 we need to throw it out.
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援助体系已濒崩溃,所以我们应将之抛弃。
01:30
And on the other we have people who say
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另一方面,则认为
01:32
the problem问题 is that we need more aid援助.
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问题的根结是需要更多的援助。
01:34
And what I want to talk about is something that compliments赞美 both systems系统.
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而我想谈论的是一个同时对双方进行赞美的事物。
01:38
We call it patient患者 capital首都.
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我称它为耐心资本。
01:40
The critics批评者 point to the 500 billion十亿 dollars美元 spent花费
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批评者们指出自从1970年来
01:43
in Africa非洲 since以来 1970
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(美国政府)在非洲已经花费了五千亿美元
01:46
and say, and what do we have but environmental环境的 degradation降解
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但是现有的状况只是环境的恶化
01:49
and incredible难以置信 levels水平 of poverty贫穷, rampant猖獗 corruption腐败?
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以及令人难以置信的贫困水平。这是由于猖獗的腐败现象么?
01:53
They use Mobutu蒙博托 as metaphor隐喻.
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他们用蒙博托来谕指造成现状的原因。
01:56
And their policy政策 prescription处方 is to
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他们对于现在的政策所用的药方是
02:00
make government政府 more accountable问责,
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增强政府的责任心,
02:02
focus焦点 on the capital首都 markets市场,
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把重点放在资本市场,
02:04
invest投资, don't give anything away.
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投资,但不进行任何援助。
02:07
On the other side, as I said, there are those who say
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另一面,正如我所说,有些人在宣讲
02:09
the problem问题 is that we need more money.
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问题的根结是需要更多的金钱。
02:11
That when it comes to the rich丰富, we'll bail保释 out
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他们希望富人们能帮助穷困人口脱离困境,
02:14
and we'll hand a lot of aid援助,
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并且给予大量金钱援助。
02:16
but when it comes to our poor较差的 brethren弟兄,
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但谈到我们贫穷的同胞的时候,
02:18
we want little to do with it.
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他们只希望给予零星的援助。
02:20
They point to the successes成功 of aid援助:
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他们指出了假如援助成功的结果:
02:22
the eradication根除 of smallpox天花,
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天花的根除,
02:24
and the distribution分配 of tens of millions百万
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以及数以百万的预防疟疾的蚊帐
02:27
of malaria疟疾 bed nets and antiretrovirals抗逆转录病毒药物.
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和抗逆转录的病毒药物的分配。
02:31
Both sides双方 are right.
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双方的观点都是对的。
02:33
And the problem问题 is that neither也不 side is listening to the other.
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但问题的根结在于双方都各执己见。
02:36
Even more problematic问题, they're not listening to
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而更为严重的问题是,他们根本没有倾听
02:39
poor较差的 people themselves他们自己.
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穷苦人们的心声。
02:41
After 25 years年份 of working加工 on issues问题 of
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经过25年工作在有关
02:43
poverty贫穷 and innovation革新,
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贫穷和创新的问题上,
02:45
it's true真正 that there are probably大概 no more market-oriented以市场为导向
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我知道了,在这个星球上,没有任何个体
02:49
individuals个人 on the planet行星
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所受的市场导向的影响,
02:51
than low-income低收入 people.
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会比低收入人群更强。
02:53
They must必须 navigate导航 markets市场 daily日常,
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他们每天必须为市场导航,
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making制造 micro-decisions微决定, dozens许多 and dozens许多,
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并且做出一打又一打的细小的决定,
02:59
to move移动 their way through通过 society社会,
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来使他们在社会中存活下来。
03:01
and yet然而 if a single catastrophic灾难性的 health健康 problem问题
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但是假如一次灾难性的健康问题
03:04
impacts影响 their family家庭,
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降临到他们的家庭上,
03:06
they could be put back into poverty贫穷, sometimes有时 for generations.
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他们就会重新回到贫困线上,有时甚至会是几代的影响。
03:10
And so we need both the market市场
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所以我们同时需要市场
03:12
and we need aid援助.
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和援助。
03:15
Patient患者 capital首都 works作品 between之间,
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而耐心资本则在两者中间活动,
03:18
and tries尝试 to take the best最好 of both.
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并且尽己所能来使双方达到最好的成效。
03:20
It's money that's invested投资 in entrepreneurs企业家 who know their communities社区
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是熟知当地的企业家们投入的资金
03:23
and are building建造 solutions解决方案
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在建立解决医疗保健、净水资源
03:25
to healthcare卫生保健, water, housing住房, alternative替代 energy能源,
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住房问题,和能源替代的方法,
03:28
thinking思维 of low income收入 people not as passive被动 recipients收件人 of charity慈善机构,
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以及不能把低收入人群看作是慈善的被动接受者,
03:33
but as individual个人 customers顾客, consumers消费者, clients客户,
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而得当作是个体的客户、消费者、顾客,
03:36
people who want to make decisions决定 in their own拥有 lives生活.
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和想把握自己的命运的人们。
03:39
Patient患者 capital首都 requires要求 that we have
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使用这笔耐心资本需要我们拥有
03:41
incredible难以置信 tolerance公差 for risk风险,
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会冒风险的无畏心态,
03:44
a long time horizon地平线 in terms条款 of allowing允许 those
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允许当地的企业家们有足够的时间
03:46
entrepreneurs企业家 time to experiment实验,
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来进行试验,
03:48
to use the market市场 as the best最好 listening device设备 that we have,
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使市场成为我们最好的倾听民声的设施,
03:52
and the expectation期望 of below-market低于市场 returns回报,
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以及预料到低于市场的回报,
03:55
but outsized丰厚 social社会 impact碰撞.
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但造成巨大的社会影响。
03:58
It recognizes识别 that the market市场 has its limitation局限性,
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它意识到市场有其局限性。
04:01
and so patient患者 capital首都 also works作品
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所以耐心资本也同时着力于
04:04
with smart聪明 subsidy补贴 to extend延伸 the benefits好处 of a global全球 economy经济
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有力的补贴来增加全球经济的利润,
04:07
to include包括 all people.
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以包括所有人员。
04:09
Now, entrepreneurs企业家 need patient患者 capital首都
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现在,有三个原因使企业家们
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for three reasons原因.
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需要这笔耐心资本。
04:13
First, they tend趋向 to work in markets市场
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第一,他们倾向于在市场中运作
04:15
where people make one, two, three dollars美元 a day
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哪里人们每天会挣得一块、两块或三块
04:17
and they are making制造 all of their decisions决定 within that income收入 level水平.
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而且他们所作的决定都是有关那个薪金阶层的人们。
04:21
Second第二, the geographies地域 in which哪一个 they work
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第二,企业家们所在的地方的
04:23
have terrible可怕 infrastructure基础设施 --
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基础建设都极差。
04:25
no roads道路 to speak说话 of, sporadic零星的 electricity电力
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没有道路可言,缺少电力,
04:27
and high levels水平 of corruption腐败.
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并存在严重的腐败现象。
04:31
Third第三, they are often经常 creating创建 markets市场.
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第三,他们经常创造市场。
04:33
Even if you're bringing使 clean清洁 water
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即使你是第一次将净水
04:35
for the first time into rural乡村 villages村庄, it is something new.
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带入乡村,这就是新的东西。
04:38
And so many许多 low-income低收入 people
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而且很多低收入的人们
04:40
have seen看到 so many许多 failed失败 promises许诺 broken破碎
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已经经历过多次承诺的破灭,
04:44
and seen看到 so many许多 quacks江湖医生 and sporadic零星的 medicines药品 offered提供 to them
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并且体验过众多的庸医们治疗和目视过稀少的药品援助,
04:48
that building建造 trust相信 takes a lot of time,
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所以要得到他们的信任需要很长时间,
04:51
takes a lot of patience忍耐.
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和许多的耐心。
04:53
It also requires要求 being存在 connected连接的 to a lot of management管理 assistance帮助.
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这一般也需要依靠诸多的管理援助。
04:57
Not only to build建立 the systems系统,
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假如我们希冀能达到预想的规模,那么我们
04:59
the business商业 models楷模 that allow允许 us
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不仅仅是要建立一个可以使我们持续与
05:01
to reach达到 low income收入 people in a sustainable可持续发展 way,
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低收入人群接触的行业模式体系,
05:03
but to connect those business商业
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也要与其他的行业,
05:05
to other markets市场, to governments政府, to corporations公司 --
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其他的市场、政府、公司有联系,
05:08
real真实 partnerships伙伴关系 if we want to get to scale规模.
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来建立真诚的伙伴关系。
05:12
I want to share分享 one story故事
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我想在此分享一则
05:14
about an innovation革新 called drip irrigation灌溉.
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有关一个创新成果-滴灌的小故事。
05:16
In 2002 I met会见 this incredible难以置信 entrepreneur企业家
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在2002年,我与一位来自印度的
05:19
named命名 Amitabha阿弥陀佛 SadangiSadangi from India印度,
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神奇的企业家艾米挞巴·萨丹吉会面,
05:22
who'd谁愿意 been working加工 for 20 years年份 with some of the poorest最穷 farmers农民 on the planet行星.
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他已经有20年与世界上最贫穷的一群农民们的经验。
05:26
And he was expressing表达 his frustration挫折
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他向我表达了他关于市场援助
05:28
that the aid援助 market市场 had bypassed绕过 low-income低收入 farmers农民 altogether,
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直接绕过了这些低收入的农民们的沮丧,
05:31
despite尽管 the fact事实 that 200 million百万 farmers农民
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尽管在印度,有两亿的农民
05:33
alone单独 in India印度 make under a dollar美元 a day.
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每天最多只能挣到一美元。
05:36
They were creating创建 subsidies补贴
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他们的企业创立的津贴
05:38
either for large farms农场,
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是给大农场使用,
05:40
or they were giving inputs输入 to the farmers农民
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或者直接投入给农民们
05:42
that they thought they should use, rather than
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因为他们认为农民需要这笔津贴,
05:44
that the farmers农民 wanted to use.
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而不是农民们想要用这笔津贴。
05:46
At the same相同 time Amitabha阿弥陀佛 was
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同时艾米挞巴
05:48
obsessed痴迷 with this drip irrigation灌溉 technology技术
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正痴迷于在以色列发明的
05:51
that had been invented发明 in Israel以色列.
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滴灌技术。
05:54
It was a way of bringing使 small amounts of water
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滴灌是一种将少量的水
05:57
directly to the stalk of the plant.
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直接灌溉在植物的根茎的技术。
05:59
And it could transform转变
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并且可以将延绵的沙漠
06:01
swaths大片 of desert沙漠 land土地 into fields领域 of emerald green绿色.
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转变成满目的翠绿。
06:04
But the market市场 also had bypassed绕过 low income收入 farmers农民,
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不过市场再次绕过了这群低收入的农民们。
06:08
because these systems系统 were both too expensive昂贵,
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不仅因为滴灌系统的建设费用太高
06:10
and they were constructed for fields领域 that were too large.
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也是因为这个系统是为大面积的土地而设的。
06:13
The average平均 small village farmer农民
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而小村庄里,农民所有的
06:15
works作品 on two acres or less.
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土地的面积平均只有两英亩或更少。
06:18
And so, Amitabha阿弥陀佛 decided决定 that he would take that innovation革新
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因此艾米挞巴决定他将要承接这个创新发明
06:21
and he would redesign重新设计 it from the perspective透视
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并且要为贫困的农民们
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of the poor较差的 farmers农民 themselves他们自己,
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重新设计一个适合他们的滴灌系统。
06:25
because he spent花费 so many许多 years年份 listening to what they needed需要
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因为他多年来都在倾听农民们的心声
06:28
not what he thought that they should have.
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而不是他设想农民需要什么。
06:30
And he used three fundamental基本的 principles原则.
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他选用了三种基础的原则来改进这个发明。
06:32
The first one was miniaturization微型化.
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第一点,是小型化。
06:35
The drip irrigation灌溉 system系统
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新的滴灌系统
06:37
had to be small enough足够 that a farmer农民 only had
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需要足够小使农民们
06:39
to risk风险 a quarter25美分硬币 acre英亩,
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只需要用¼英亩的田地来冒险,
06:42
even if he had two,
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即使他有两英亩,
06:44
because it was too frightening可怕的, given特定 all that he had at stake赌注.
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因为一次性将身家都赌上的风险太高了。
06:47
Second第二, it had to be extremely非常 affordable实惠.
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第二点,它的价格需要极其低廉。
06:51
In other words, that risk风险 on the quarter25美分硬币 acre英亩
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就是说,冒的风险
06:54
needed需要 to be repaid偿还 in a single harvest收成,
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需要在一个年成里偿还。
06:57
or else其他 they wouldn't不会 take the risk风险.
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要不,他们不会冒这个风险。
06:59
And third第三, it had to be what Amitabha阿弥陀佛 calls电话
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第三点,艾米挞巴称之为
07:01
infinitely无限地 expandable扩张.
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无限拓展性。
07:03
What I mean is with the profits利润 from the first quarter25美分硬币 acre英亩,
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意即农民们可以用从第一个¼英亩土地收获的利润,
07:06
the farmers农民 could buy购买 a second第二
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来买第二个¼英亩的土地,
07:08
and a third第三 and a fourth第四.
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以及第三个,第四个...
07:10
As of today今天, IDEIDE India印度, Amitabha's阿弥陀佛的 organization组织,
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截至今日,艾米挞巴所有的机构 IDE India,
07:13
has sold出售 over 300,000 farmers农民 these systems系统
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已经向超过三十万农民们贩售这个系统
07:16
and has seen看到 their yields产量 and incomes收入
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并且目睹了他们比平均水平高的
07:18
double or triple三倍 on average平均,
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两倍的或三倍的增产和增收。
07:20
but this didn't happen发生 overnight过夜.
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不过,罗马非一日建成。
07:23
In fact事实, when you go back to the beginning开始,
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事实上,当你回望起点,
07:25
there were no private私人的 investors投资者
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没有私人投资者
07:27
who would be willing愿意 to take a risk风险 on building建造 a new technology技术
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愿意为这个世界上
07:30
for a market市场 class that made制作 under a dollar美元 a day,
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最讨厌冒风险的市场阶级
07:33
that were known已知 to be some of the most risk-averse规避风险 people on the planet行星
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就是日收入低于一元的人群来冒这个风险,
07:36
and that were working加工 in one of the riskiest最危险 sectors行业, agriculture农业.
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并且是在风险最大的农业方面涉险。
07:40
And so we needed需要 grants补助. And he used significant重大 grants补助
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所以他需要捐款。他用这笔重大的资助
07:43
to research研究, to experiment实验, to fail失败,
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进行探索,实验,创新,
07:46
to innovate创新 and try again.
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历验失败并且再接再厉。
07:48
And when he had a prototype原型
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当他做出模型
07:51
and had a better understanding理解 of how to market市场 to farmers农民,
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并且更加懂得如何将这件物品推销给农民的时候,
07:54
that's when patient患者 capital首都 could come in.
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这就是耐心资本的流入时机。
07:56
And we helped帮助 him build建立 a company公司, for profit利润,
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而我们则助他建立起一依靠IDE的知识的
07:59
that would build建立 on IDE'sIDE的 knowledge知识,
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利润型公司,
08:02
and start开始 looking at sales销售 and exports出口,
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和开始关注销售和出口,
08:04
and be able能够 to tap龙头 into other kinds of capital首都.
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以及使用其他的资金。
08:08
Secondarily其次, we wanted to see if we could export出口
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其次,我们设想是否可以
08:11
this drip irrigation灌溉 and bring带来 it into other countries国家.
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将新的滴灌系统出口至其它国家。
08:14
And so we met会见 Dr博士. Sono所以不行 KhangharaniKhangharani in Pakistan巴基斯坦.
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所以我们与巴基斯坦的索诺·汉赫拉尼博士会面。
08:18
And while, again, you needed需要 patience忍耐
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将新型技术引入给
08:20
to move移动 a technology技术 for the poor较差的
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印度的穷苦人家们是需要时间的,
08:22
in India印度 into Pakistan巴基斯坦,
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同样的,引入巴基斯坦也需要时间,
08:24
just to get the permits许可证,
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就只是为了获得准许,
08:26
over time we were able能够 to start开始 a company公司
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一段时间后,我们得以和已在巴基斯坦
08:29
with Dr博士. Sono所以不行, who runs运行 a large
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最偏僻贫穷的塔尔沙漠里
08:31
community社区 development发展 organization组织 in the Thar塔尔 Desert沙漠,
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设有社区发展组织的索诺博士
08:34
which哪一个 is one of the remote远程 and poorest最穷 areas of the country国家.
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共同建立一个公司。
08:37
And though虽然 that company公司 has just started开始,
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虽然这间公司刚刚开张,
08:39
our assumption假设 is that there too
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但我们臆测这间公司
08:41
we'll see the impact碰撞 on millions百万.
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能影响千万的穷苦民众们。
08:44
But drip irrigation灌溉 isn't the only innovation革新.
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不过滴灌系统不是仅有的创新发明。
08:46
We're starting开始 to see these happening事件 all around the world世界.
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我们开始可以在世界范围里见到这些事情的发生。
08:49
In Arusha阿鲁沙, Tanzania坦桑尼亚, A to Z Textile纺织品 Manufacturing制造业
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在坦桑尼亚的阿鲁沙市,A to Z纺织厂
08:54
has worked工作 in partnership合伙 with us,
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着手和联合国基金会、全球基金
08:56
with UNICEF联合国儿童基金会, with the Global全球 Fund基金,
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以及我的组织,
08:58
to create创建 a factory that now employs采用 7,000 people, mostly大多 women妇女.
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共同建设一个可雇用7000工人,大部分是女性的工厂。
09:01
And they produce生产 20 million百万 lifesaving救生 bednets蚊帐
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他们已为全球的非洲人
09:03
for Africans非洲人 around the world世界.
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生产了两千万套救生蚊帐。
09:07
Lifespring的Lifespring Hospital醫院
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源泉医院
09:09
is a joint联合 venture冒险 between之间 Acumen敏锐 and the government政府 of India印度
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是安康盟基金和印度政府合资创办的
09:11
to bring带来 quality质量, affordable实惠 maternal母系 health健康 care关心
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一间为低收入女性们带来低廉而高质量的
09:15
to low-income低收入 women妇女,
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产妇保健医院。
09:17
and it's been so successful成功 that it's currently目前 building建造
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由于极其成功,它创造了每35天
09:19
a new hospital醫院 every一切 35 days.
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就会新建一所医院的奇迹。
09:24
And 1298 Ambulances救护车 decided决定 that it was going to
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而“1298救护车”则决定要
09:27
reinvent重塑 a completely全然 broken破碎 industry行业,
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重建一个完全破落的行业,
09:30
building建造 an ambulance救护车 service服务 in Bombay孟买
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即在孟买建立起运用谷歌地球技术
09:32
that would use the technology技术 of Google谷歌 Earth地球,
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和可调控的价格体系
09:35
a sliding滑动 scale规模 pricing价钱 system系统
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的救护车服务,
09:37
so that all people could have access访问,
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从而使所有人都可以使用
09:39
and a severe严重 and public上市 decision决定
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一个只考虑群众意见,
09:42
not to engage从事 in any form形成 of corruption腐败.
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而不得有任何形式的贪污的服务。
09:45
So that in the terrorist恐怖分子 attacks攻击 of November十一月
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因此,他们在去年11月孟买发生的恐怖袭击事件中
09:47
they were the first responder响应,
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是最先到达现场急救人员,
09:49
and are now beginning开始 to scale规模, because of partnership合伙.
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而且由于合作,也渐成规模。
09:51
They've他们已经 just won韩元 four government政府 contracts合同 to build建立 off their 100 ambulances救护车,
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他们刚刚同政府签订四份合同来使他们建造100辆新的救护车,
09:55
and are one of the largest最大 and most effective有效 ambulance救护车 companies公司
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并且成为印度最大也是最有效率的
09:59
in India印度.
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救护车公司之一。
10:01
This idea理念 of scale规模 is critical危急.
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这种思想方式是极为关键的。
10:03
Because we're starting开始 to see these enterprises企业
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因为我们开始看见这些公司
10:05
reach达到 hundreds数以百计 of thousands数千 of people. All of the ones那些 I discussed讨论
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有成千上百的人员。而我所讨论这些公司的人员总数
10:08
have reached到达 at least最小 a quarter25美分硬币 million百万 people.
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至少有二十五万人。
10:10
But that's obviously明显 not enough足够.
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但是这显然不够。
10:12
And it's where the idea理念 of partnership合伙
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而合作的构思
10:14
becomes so important重要.
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在此变得非常重要。
10:16
Whether是否 it's by finding发现 those innovations创新
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不管是寻找那些可以与
10:18
that can access访问 the capital首都 markets市场,
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资本市场进行联系的创新成果,
10:20
government政府 itself本身, or partner伙伴 with major重大的 corporations公司,
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还是政府本身,抑或是和大公司合作,
10:23
there is unbelievable难以置信的 opportunity机会 for innovation革新.
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都会有很大机会进行再创新。
10:27
President主席 Obama奥巴马 understands理解 that.
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奥巴马总统明白这个道理。
10:29
He recently最近 authorized合法 the creation创建 of a Social社会 Innovation革新 Fund基金
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他近来授权建立一个社会创新基金
10:32
to focus焦点 on what works作品 in this country国家,
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来关注适合这个美国的东西,
10:34
and look at how we can scale规模 it.
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并且思考如何拓展这个东西。
10:36
And I would submit提交 that it's time to consider考虑
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我建议现正是建立一个
10:39
a global全球 innovation革新 fund基金
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可以找到这些发明了
10:41
that would find these entrepreneurs企业家 around the world世界
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不仅仅局限于他们的国家,
10:44
who really have innovations创新, not only for their country国家,
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而可以为世界的发展做出贡献的创新成果的企业家的
10:46
but ones那些 that we can use in the developed发达 world世界 as well.
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全球创新基金的时机。
10:49
Invest投资 financial金融 assistance帮助, but also management管理 assistance帮助.
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这个基金创立不仅需要投资的资金援助,也需管理援助。
10:53
And then measure测量 the returns回报,
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然后再从财务角度,
10:55
both from a financial金融 perspective透视
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和社会影响力的角度,
10:57
and from a social社会 impact碰撞 perspective透视.
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来计算回报。
11:00
When we think about new approaches方法 to aid援助,
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当我们想到关于新的援助办法时,
11:03
it's impossible不可能 not to talk about Pakistan巴基斯坦.
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则不得不讲到巴基斯坦。
11:07
We've我们已经 had a rocky岩石 relationship关系 with that country国家
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我国和那个国家关系不太稳定,
11:09
and, in all fairness公平,
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从公平的角度来讲
11:11
the United联合的 States状态 has not always been a very reliable可靠 partner伙伴.
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美国不一定次次都是个可信赖的伙伴。
11:14
But again I would say that this is our moment时刻
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不过我需要再次声明
11:18
for extraordinary非凡 things to happen发生.
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现今是一个奇迹频发的时刻。
11:20
And if we take that notion概念 of a global全球 innovation革新 fund基金,
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假如我们采取“全球创新基金”这一观点,
11:23
we could use this time to invest投资
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我们则可以用这个时机去投资,
11:26
not directly in government政府, though虽然 we would have government's政府的 blessing祝福,
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不应直接投资政府,即使我们有可能会得到政府的赞美,
11:29
nor也不 in international国际 experts专家,
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也不向国际的专家们投资,
11:32
but in the many许多 existing现有 entrepreneurs企业家
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而是很多为他们国家的人民们
11:35
and civil国内 society社会 leaders领导者
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创建了美好的创新成果的
11:37
who already已经 are building建造 wonderful精彩 innovations创新
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企业家们
11:41
that are reaching到达 people all across横过 the country国家.
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和民间的社会领袖们。
11:43
People like RashaniRashani Zafar扎法尔,
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例如拉珊尼·扎法尔。
11:45
who created创建 one of the largest最大 microfinance小额贷款 banks银行 in the country国家,
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她在她的祖国里创立了最大的一间小额信贷银行,
11:48
and is a real真实 role角色 model模型 for women妇女 inside and outside the country国家.
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而且她是妇女们的真正的榜样,不管是她所在的国家或者是这国家之外。
11:52
And Tasneem塔斯尼姆 Siddiqui西迪基, who developed发达 a way
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还有塔斯尼姆·西迪基,
11:54
called incremental增加的 housing住房,
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他建立一种叫“住房渐增”的方法,
11:56
where he has moved移动 40,000 slum贫民窟 dwellers居民
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这种方法让他使四万贫民窟居民
11:58
into safe安全, affordable实惠 community社区 housing住房.
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搬进了低廉、安全的社区住房。
12:01
Educational教育性 initiatives倡议 like DILDIL and The Citizen公民 Foundation基础
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还有教育方面的倡导者,如DIL和公民基金会
12:04
that are building建造 schools学校 across横过 the country国家.
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已经在(巴基斯坦)全国性建设学校。
12:07
It's not hyperbole夸张
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并不夸张的说
12:09
to say that these civil国内 society社会 institutions机构
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这些民间机构
12:11
and these social社会 entrepreneurs企业家
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和这些社会企业家们
12:13
are building建造 real真实 alternatives备择方案 to the Taliban塔利班.
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在为塔利班建设真正的未来。
12:16
I've invested投资 in Pakistan巴基斯坦 for over seven years年份 now,
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我已经向巴基斯坦连续投资七年,
12:19
and those of you who've谁一直 also worked工作 there
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而你们当中有在巴基斯坦工作过的人
12:21
can attest表明 that Pakistanis巴基斯坦人 are an incredibly令人难以置信 hard working加工 population人口,
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都可以证明巴基斯坦人都是非常刻苦工作的。
12:25
and there is a fierce激烈 upward向上 mobility流动性 in their very nature性质.
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而且在他们都有力争上游的天性。
12:30
President主席 Kennedy肯尼迪 said that
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肯尼迪总统曾说过
12:32
those who make peaceful平静的 revolution革命 impossible不可能
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阻止和平变革的人
12:36
make violent暴力 revolution革命 inevitable必然.
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必将导致暴力革命的发生。
12:39
I would say that the converse交谈 is true真正.
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而我想说这句话反过来说也是对的。
12:41
That these social社会 leaders领导者
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这些为日收入低于两美元的
12:43
who really are looking at innovation革新
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70%的巴基斯坦人发明创新
12:45
and extending扩展 opportunity机会
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和扩展(就业)机会的
12:47
to the 70 percent百分 of Pakistanis巴基斯坦人 who make less than two dollars美元 a day,
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社会领袖们,
12:50
provide提供 real真实 pathways途径 to hope希望.
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的确是在铺设希望的道路。
12:53
And as we think about how we construct构造 aid援助 for Pakistan巴基斯坦,
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当我们思考如何为巴基斯坦建设援助款项时,
12:56
while we need to strengthen加强 the judiciary司法,
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我们同时需要司法机构的强化,
12:59
build建立 greater更大 stability稳定性,
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以来建立更为稳固的体系,
13:01
we also need to think about lifting吊装 those leaders领导者
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我们同时需要思考来提高那些
13:04
who can be role角色 models楷模 for the rest休息 of the world世界.
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可以成为世界的榜样的领袖们的影响力。
13:08
On one of my last visits访问 to Pakistan巴基斯坦,
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在我最后一次访问巴基斯坦的时候
13:10
I asked Dr博士. Sono所以不行 if he would take me
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我向索诺博士提出能否带我去看
13:12
to see some of the drip irrigation灌溉 in the Thar塔尔 Desert沙漠.
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一些已经在塔尔沙漠建立的滴灌系统。
13:15
And we left Karachi卡拉奇 one morning早上 before dawn黎明.
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我们在一天早晨的拂晓之前离开了卡拉奇市。
13:18
It was about 115 degrees.
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当时大概是115华氏度。
13:20
And we drove开车 for eight hours小时
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而我们大概沿着这个荒凉的景观
13:22
along沿 this moonscape-like月球表面般的 landscape景观
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开了八个小时车
13:25
with very little color颜色, lots of heat,
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途中所见到的颜色千遍一律,而且非常炎热,
13:28
very little discussion讨论, because we were exhausted.
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路途上我们很少说话,因为我们都精疲力竭了。
13:30
And finally最后, at the end结束 of the journey旅程,
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终于,到达旅程的重点的时候
13:32
I could see this thin little yellow黄色 line线 across横过 the horizon地平线.
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(远远望去)我可以从地平面上看到一条孤直的明黄线。
13:36
And as we got closer接近, its significance意义 became成为 apparent明显的.
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当我们走进的时候,景象更为清晰了。
13:39
That there in the desert沙漠
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在沙漠的中间
13:41
was a field领域 of sunflowers向日葵 growing生长 seven feet tall.
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有一方长着七英尺高的向日葵群的绿土。
13:44
Because one of the poorest最穷 farmers农民 on Earth地球
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原因是在地球上最穷的一位农民
13:46
had gotten得到 access访问 to a technology技术
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获取到他所需的一项技术
13:49
that had allowed允许 him to change更改 his own拥有 life.
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从而使他可以改变自己的命运。
13:52
His name名称 was Raja拉贾,
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他的名字叫拉贾。
13:54
and he had kind, twinkly闪烁的 hazel eyes眼睛
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他有一双慈祥、明亮的淡褐色眼睛,
13:56
and warm expressive表现的 hands
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和一双温暖的大手
13:59
that reminded提醒 me of my father父亲.
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从而使我想起我的父亲。
14:01
And he said it was the first dry season季节
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他说这是他生命中第一个旱季,
14:03
in his entire整个 life that he hadn't有没有 taken采取
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可以不用带上他的
14:06
his 12 children孩子 and 50 grandchildren孙子
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十二位子女和五十位孙子、孙女
14:08
on a two day journey旅程 across横过 the desert沙漠
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用两天时间横穿沙漠
14:11
to work as day laborers劳动者 at a commercial广告 farm农场
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去为一个每天大概只挣五十分的商业农场
14:13
for about 50 cents a day.
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做苦工。
14:15
Because he was building建造 these crops作物.
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这全是因为他种植的这些庄稼。
14:17
And with the money he earned he could stay this year.
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以及他以往挣得的钱,从而使他今年不用迁移。
14:20
And for the first time ever in three generations,
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也是从祖上三代以来,子女们
14:23
his children孩子 would go to school学校.
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首次有机会去学校学习。
14:26
We asked him if he would send发送 his daughters女儿 as well as his sons儿子.
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我们问他他会不会把女儿和儿子一视同仁。
14:29
And he said, "Of course课程 I will.
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他回答说:“当然,我当然会。
14:31
Because I don't want them discriminated歧视 against反对 anymore."
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因为我不想她们再被歧视了。”
14:36
When we think about solutions解决方案 to poverty贫穷,
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当我们为贫困思索解决之道时
14:38
we cannot不能 deny拒绝 individuals个人
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我们不能否定个体的存在,
14:40
their fundamental基本的 dignity尊严.
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他们仍拥有人类最基本的尊严。
14:42
Because at the end结束 of the day,
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因为在那天的最后时刻,
14:44
dignity尊严 is more important重要 to the human人的 spirit精神 than wealth财富.
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(我认知到)尊严对于人类精神的作用比财富更为重要。
14:47
And what's exciting扣人心弦 is to see so many许多 entrepreneurs企业家 across横过 sectors行业
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看见如此多的各领域的企业家们
14:51
who are building建造 innovations创新 that recognize认识
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在创设许多创新成果并且意识到
14:54
that what people want is freedom自由
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人们需要的是自由,选择和机遇
14:56
and choice选择 and opportunity机会.
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是振奋人心的。
14:58
Because that is where dignity尊严 really starts启动.
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因为那些是尊严的始源。
15:01
Martin马丁 Luther路德 King国王 said that
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马丁·路德·金曾说过
15:03
love without power功率 is anemic贫血的 and sentimental感伤,
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乏力之爱乃无爱之爱。
15:08
and that power功率 without love
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同时乏爱之力
15:10
is reckless鲁莽 and abusive滥用的.
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乃无智之力。
15:12
Our generation has seen看到 both approaches方法 tried试着,
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我们这一代人已目睹过两种方法的尝试,
15:15
and often经常 fail失败.
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但经常失败。
15:17
But I think our generation also might威力 be the first
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不过我认为这一代人,或许是第一次
15:20
to have the courage勇气 to embrace拥抱 both love and power功率.
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有勇气来拥抱爱与力量。
15:24
For that is what we'll need, as we move移动 forward前锋
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这就是我们迈向我们梦想中
15:27
to dream梦想 and imagine想像 what it will really take
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想要建立的全球经济体系,
15:30
to build建立 a global全球 economy经济 that includes包括 all of us,
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也同时包括我们,所必须有的。
15:33
and to finally最后 extend延伸 that fundamental基本的 proposition主张
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并且终于使“人人生而平等”这一命题
15:36
that all men男人 are created创建 equal等于 to every一切 human人的 being存在 on the planet行星.
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拓展到这地球上的所有的人类。
15:40
The time for us to begin开始 innovating创新
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这是一个让我们开始创新
15:43
and looking for new solutions解决方案, a cross交叉 sector扇形, is now.
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探索新的解决方法的时刻,跨领域合作的时机现正到来。
15:47
I can only talk from my own拥有 experience经验,
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我只能从我自己的经历谈。
15:49
but in eight years年份 of running赛跑 Acumen敏锐 fund基金,
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但是经过八年运行安康盟基金的经验,
15:53
I've seen看到 the power功率 of patient患者 capital首都.
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我已见识过耐心资本的力量。
15:55
Not only to inspire启发 innovation革新 and risk风险 taking服用,
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(耐心资本)不仅仅鼓励创新和冒险,
16:00
but to truly build建立 systems系统 that have created创建
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而且真正地建立起一个
16:02
more than 25,000 jobs工作
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提供了两万五千个岗位
16:04
and delivered交付 tens of millions百万 of services服务 and products制品
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和提供了数以百万计的产品和服务
16:07
to some of the poorest最穷 people on the planet行星.
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给这个星球上最穷的一群人的体系。
16:10
I know it works作品.
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我知道它是有效的。
16:12
But I know that many许多 other kinds of innovation革新 also work.
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但我同时通晓很多其他的革新也同样是有效的。
16:15
And so I urge敦促 you, in whatever随你 sector扇形 you work,
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所以我请求你们,不管你是在那个领域工作,
16:18
in whatever随你 job工作 you do,
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也不管你做什么工作,
16:20
to start开始 thinking思维 about how we might威力
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来开始思索我们如何由
16:22
build建立 solutions解决方案 that start开始
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我们希望帮助的人的观点
16:25
from the perspective透视 of those we're trying to help.
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来得到解决的方法。
16:27
Rather than what we think that they might威力 need.
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而不是我们设想他们需要什么。
16:32
It will take embracing拥抱 the world世界 with both arms武器.
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我会用双臂拥抱这个世界。
16:35
And it will take living活的 with the spirit精神 of generosity慷慨 and accountability问责,
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从而让我们生活在慷慨和负责
16:40
with a sense of integrity廉正 and perseverance毅力.
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以及正直和坚毅的精神下吧。
16:44
And yet然而 these are the very qualities气质
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但如今,这些品质
16:46
for which哪一个 men男人 and women妇女 have been honored荣幸
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是我们人类代代相传的
16:48
throughout始终 the generations.
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可授予的荣耀。
16:50
And there is so much good that we can do.
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但是世界上还有很多美好的事物等着我们去勘探发掘。
16:53
Just think of all those sunflowers向日葵 in the desert沙漠.
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让我们回想下那些在沙漠中靓丽、坚挺的向日葵群吧。
16:56
Thank you.
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谢谢。
16:58
(Applause掌声)
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Chaoran Yu
Reviewed by Yongming Luo

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty.

Why you should listen

Jacqueline Novogratz writes: "I want to build a movement in which we define success based on the amount of human energy we release in the world.

"I started my career on Wall Street and soon discovered that markets are efficient, but by themselves they too often overlook or exploit the poor. So I moved to Rwanda in 1986 to help found the country’s first micro-finance bank. There I saw the humanitarian ethos of philanthropy, and also how often top-down solutions too often create dependency, the opposite of dignity. Through 30 years of working on solutions to poverty, I have come to redefine it for myself, seeing it not as how much income a person earns, but how free they are to make their own choices and decisions, how much agency they have over their own lives.

Acumen was founded to change the way the world tackles poverty in 2001. Our mission was simple – to raise philanthropy and invest it as patient capital – long-term investment in intrepid entrepreneurs willing to go where markets and government had failed the poor. We enable companies to experiment and fail, never wavering from a commitment to stand with the poor, yet understanding that profitability is necessary for sustainable solutions. We’ve invested more than $110M across South Asia, Africa, Latin America and the US, and have seen entire sectors disrupted and hundreds of millions served.

The work also taught that it was critical to invest in talent. To date, we’ve supported nearly 400 Acumen Fellows across lines of race, class, ethnicity, religion and ideology. They are a beautiful group, full of vision and grit, and a determination to do what is right, not easy. The group itself enables individual leaders to endure the loneliness that is part of the work.

And then we measure what matters rather than just what we can count. Take this all together and you see our mission to do what it takes to build a world in which all of us have the chance to dream and to flourish, not from a place of easy sentimentality but through a commitment to using the tools of capitalism and the attributes of moral leadership to focus on doing what it takes, and no less.

More profile about the speaker
Jacqueline Novogratz | Speaker | TED.com