ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Logan - Professor of management
David Logan is a USC faculty member, best-selling author, and management consultant.

Why you should listen

David Logan studies how people communicate within a company -- and how to harness our natural gifts to make change within organizations. He looks at emerging patterns of corporate leadership, organizational transformation, generational differences in the workplace, and team building for high-potential managers and executives.

He's the co-founder and senior partner at CultureSync, a management consulting firm, and works with Fortune 500 companies, governments, and nonprofits. Much of CultureSync's work is derived from a ten-year study of over 24,000 people published at Tribal Leadership (2008), which shows how organizational culture evolves over time and how leaders can nudge it forward.

He teaches management and leadership in the USC Executive MBA, and is also on the faculty at the International Centre for Leadership in Finance (ICLIF), endowed by the former prime minister of Malaysia, and on the Foundation for Medical Excellence in Portland.

From 2001-2004, he served as Associate Dean of Executive Education at USC. During that time, he started the Master of Medical Management (MMM), a business degree for midcareer medical doctors. He also initiated new executive education programs (often, in concert with the USC School of Policy, Planning and Development) with organizations as diverse as the Sierra Health Foundation, Northrop Grumman, and the City of Los Angeles. He continued to oversee many programs, including one of USC's first distance learning education courses for managers in Japan and a senior executive program at Toyota.

Logan is co-author of four books including Tribal Leadership and The Three Laws of Performance.

More profile about the speaker
David Logan | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxUSC

David Logan: Tribal leadership

大卫.罗根:部落领导

Filmed:
1,693,559 views

在TED南加州大学演讲中,商科教授大卫·罗根谈论了在学校,在工作地点甚至在驾照办理处,人们自然形成的五种不同的部落。如果理解了我们共享的部落倾向,我们能互相帮助使我们成为更好的个人。
- Professor of management
David Logan is a USC faculty member, best-selling author, and management consultant. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
What we're really here to talk about is the "how."
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我们在此真正讨论的是怎么做
00:15
Okay, so how exactly究竟 do we create创建 this
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好的,那么我们究竟是怎么创造这
00:18
world-shattering世界击碎, if you will, innovation革新?
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世界震惊的创新,如果你愿意
00:21
Now, I want to tell you a quick story故事.
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现在,我想跟大家分享一个小故事
00:23
We'll go back a little more than a year.
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让我们把时间倒回一年多以前
00:25
In fact事实, the date日期 -- I'm curious好奇 to know
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事实上,关于那个日子,我很好奇地想知道
00:27
if any of you know what happened发生 on this momentous重大 date日期?
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你们当中是否有人知道在哪个重大的日子发生了什么
00:30
It was February二月 3rdRD, 2008.
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那是2008年2月3号
00:33
Anyone任何人 remember记得 what happened发生,
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有人知道那天发生了什么,
00:35
February二月 3rdRD, 2008?
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2008年2月3号
00:38
Super Bowl. I heard听说 it over here. It was the date日期 of the Super Bowl.
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超级碗。我从那听见了。那正是超级碗的日子
00:41
And the reason原因 that this date日期 was so momentous重大
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正是这个原因这个日子才如此重大
00:44
is that what my colleagues同事, John约翰 King国王
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我的同事,约翰.金
00:46
and HaleeHalee Fischer-Wright费 - 赖特, and I noticed注意到
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和 海利,华特和我注意到
00:49
as we began开始 to debrief听取汇报 various各个 Super Bowl parties派对,
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当我们开始调查一些超级碗团体时
00:52
is that it seemed似乎 to us
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我们发现似乎
00:54
that across横过 the United联合的 States状态,
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贯穿全美
00:56
if you will, tribal部落的 councils议会 had convened召开.
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如果你愿意,部落委员会已经召集了
00:59
And they had discussed讨论 things of great national国民 importance重要性.
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并且他们讨论了一些有国家重要性的事
01:03
Like, "Do we like the Budweiser百威 commercial广告?"
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比如,我们喜欢百威的广告吗
01:06
and, "Do we like the nachos玉米片?" and, "Who is going to win赢得?"
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我们喜欢墨西哥玉米片吗以及哪一方会赢
01:09
But they also talked about which哪一个 candidate候选人 they were going to support支持.
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但是他们也讨论他们将会支持哪一个候选人
01:13
And if you go back in time to February二月 3rdRD,
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如果把时间倒回2月3号
01:16
it looked看着 like Hilary希拉里 Clinton克林顿 was going to get the Democratic民主的 nomination提名.
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当时希拉里看似将要得到民主党的提名
01:20
And there were even some polls民意调查 that were saying she was going to go all the way.
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甚至一些民调表示她将会一路走下去
01:23
But when we talked to people,
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但是当我们与民众交谈时
01:25
it appeared出现 that a funnel漏斗 effect影响 had happened发生
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我们发现貌似一个漏斗效应已经发生
01:27
in these tribes部落 all across横过 the United联合的 States状态.
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在这些遍布在美国大地上的部落之中
01:30
Now what is a tribe部落? A tribe部落 is a group of
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那么部落是什么呢? 部落是一个小组
01:32
about 20 -- so kind of more than a team球队 --
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包括20人,看上去更像一个团队
01:35
20 to about 150 people.
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20到大约150人
01:38
And it's within these tribes部落 that all of our work gets得到 doneDONE.
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我们的研究成果正是基于这些部落
01:41
But not just work. It's within these tribes部落
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不仅仅是研究工作。由于这些部落
01:43
that societies社会 get built内置,
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社会得以建立
01:45
that important重要 things happen发生.
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重要的事情得以发生
01:47
And so as we surveyed调查 the, if you will, representatives代表
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所以如果你愿意,当我们调查一些代表
01:50
from various各个 tribal部落的 councils议会 that met会见,
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他们来自各种部落委员会,他们相见
01:52
also known已知 as Super Bowl parties派对,
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他们也知道超级碗团体
01:54
we sent发送 the following以下 email电子邮件 off to 40 newspaper报纸 editors编者 the following以下 day.
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第二天我们发送了如下的电子邮件给40位报纸编辑
01:57
February二月 4th, we posted发布 it on our website网站. This was before Super Tuesday星期二.
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2月4号,我们将结果发布在我们的网站上,这一切都早于超级星期二
02:01
We said, "The tribes部落 that we're in
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我们说:我们所在的部落表明
02:03
are saying it's going to be Obama奥巴马."
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胜出者将会是奥巴马
02:05
Now, the reason原因 we knew知道 that
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我们知道这个结果的原因是
02:07
was because we spent花费 the previous以前 10 years年份
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我们花费了过去的十年
02:10
studying研究 tribes部落, studying研究 these naturally自然 occurring发生 groups.
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研究部落,研究自然地形成的团体
02:14
All of you are members会员 of tribes部落.
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你们所有人都是部落的一员
02:16
In walking步行 around at the break打破,
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当你在休息散步时
02:19
many许多 of you had met会见 members会员 of your tribe部落. And you were talking to them.
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你们中的许多人会遇见你们部落的成员,然后你们相互交谈
02:22
And many许多 of you were doing what great, if you will, tribal部落的 leaders领导者 do,
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并且,如果你们愿意,你们当中许多人做着一些伟大的部落领导者所作的事
02:26
which哪一个 is to find someone有人
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那就是找到
02:28
who is a member会员 of a tribe部落,
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你部落的一个人
02:30
and to find someone有人 else其他 who is another另一个 member会员 of a different不同 tribe部落,
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然后找到一个属于另一个的部落的人
02:33
and make introductions介绍.
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最后相互介绍他们
02:35
That is in fact事实 what great tribal部落的 leaders领导者 do.
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事实上这就是伟大的部落领导人所做的
02:38
So here is the bottom底部 line线.
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这就是一条底限
02:40
If you focus焦点 in on a group like this --
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如果你关注一个像这样的部落
02:43
this happens发生 to be a USCUSC game游戏 --
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它刚好是终极格斗冠军赛
02:45
and you zoom放大 in with one of those super satellite卫星 cameras相机
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你拉近那些超级人造卫星照相机的镜头
02:48
and do magnification放大 factors因素 so you could see individual个人 people,
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放大图像直到你可以看到单一的个人
02:52
you would in fact事实 see not a single crowd人群,
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事实上你看到的将不再是一个单一的群组
02:54
just like there is not a single crowd人群 here,
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就像这儿也没有一个单一群组一样
02:56
but you would see these tribes部落 that are then coming未来 together一起.
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但你会看到这些部落正逐步聚合
02:59
And from a distance距离 it appears出现 that it's a single group.
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所以从一定距离看来它就像一个单一的团体
03:03
And so people form形成 tribes部落.
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人们所以形成部落
03:05
They always have. They always will.
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他们总是这么做,他们总是愿意做
03:08
Just as fish swim游泳 and birds鸟类 fly,
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好比鱼儿水中游,鸟儿天上飞
03:10
people form形成 tribes部落. It's just what we do.
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人类组成部落。天性使然
03:12
But here's这里的 the rub.
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但是这其中也有摩擦
03:14
Not all tribes部落 are the same相同,
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并不是所有的部落都是一模一样的
03:16
and what makes品牌 the difference区别 is the culture文化.
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文化让部落产生不同
03:18
Now here is the net out of this.
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这就是从中产生的网络
03:20
You're all a member会员 of tribes部落.
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你们都是部落中的一员
03:22
If you can find a way to take the tribes部落 that you're in
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如果你可以找到一途径带领你所在部落
03:25
and nudge微调 them forward前锋,
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并推动他们向前
03:27
along沿 these tribal部落的 stages阶段
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沿着部落的那些发展阶段
03:29
to what we call Stage阶段 Five, which哪一个 is the top最佳 of the mountain.
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直到我们所谓的顶峰——阶段五
03:32
But we're going to start开始 with what we call Stage阶段 One.
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但是我们必须从我们称之阶段一的地方开始
03:35
Now, this is the lowest最低 of the stages阶段.
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这是最底层的阶段
03:37
You don't want this. Okay?
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你们不想要这个。对吧?
03:39
This is a bit of a difficult image图片 to put up on the screen屏幕.
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把这张图放上屏幕可能有点困难
03:42
But it's one that I think we need to learn学习 from.
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但是我认为我们应该从中有所学习
03:44
Stage阶段 One produces产生 people
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阶段一产生
03:46
who do horrible可怕 things.
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做出可怕事情的人
03:48
This is the kid孩子 who shot射击 up Virginia弗吉尼亚州 Tech技术.
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这是制造弗吉尼亚校园枪击案的那个孩子
03:50
Stage阶段 One is a group where people
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阶段一是一些人
03:52
systematically系统 sever断绝 relationships关系 from functional实用 tribes部落,
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他们系统地从功能性的部落切断联系
03:55
and then pool together一起
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然后汇集到一起
03:57
with people who think like they do.
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和那些认同他们所作所为的人一起
03:59
Stage阶段 One is literally按照字面 the culture文化 of gangs帮派
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阶段一仅仅是字面意义上的一群人
04:02
and it is the culture文化 of prisons监狱.
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并且还是犯罪的温床
04:04
Now, again, we don't often经常 deal合同 with Stage阶段 One.
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重申一遍,我们并不常常同阶段一打交道
04:06
And I want to make the point
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但我同时需要指出的是
04:08
that as members会员 of society社会, we need to.
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作为社会的成员,我们有这个必要
04:10
It's not enough足够 to simply只是 write people off.
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简简单单地将他们忽略是远远不够的
04:13
But let's move移动 on to Stage阶段 Two.
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现在让我们转移到阶段二
04:15
Now, Stage阶段 One, you'll你会 notice注意, says, in effect影响, "Life Sucks."
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实际上你会注意到阶段一代表生活糟透了
04:19
So, this other book that Steve史蒂夫 mentioned提到,
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这是史蒂夫提到的另一本书
04:22
that just came来了 out, called "The Three Laws法律 of Performance性能,"
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这本书刚刚出版,书名是《执行的三条定律》
04:24
my colleague同事, Steve史蒂夫 ZaffronZaffron and I,
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我的同事,史蒂夫和我
04:27
argue争论 that as people see the world世界, so they behave表现.
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探讨认为人们怎么看待世界,他们就怎么做
04:31
Well, if people see the world世界 in such这样 a way that life sucks,
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如果人们以生活糟透了的方式来看待世界的话
04:35
then their behavior行为 will follow跟随 automatically自动 from that.
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然后他们的行为就会自动地遵循这个
04:38
It will be despairing绝望 hostility敌意.
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那将会是绝望中的反抗
04:40
They'll他们会 do whatever随你 it takes to survive生存,
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为了生存他们会做任何事
04:42
even if that means手段 undermining破坏 other people.
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哪怕这意味着要伤害其他人
04:45
Now, my birthday生日 is coming未来 up shortly不久,
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我的生日快到了
04:48
and my driver's司机 license执照 expires到期.
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并且我的驾照已经期满了
04:50
And the reason原因 that that's relevant相应 is that very soon不久
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这一切相关的原因是很快
04:52
I will be walking步行 into what we call
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我将会步入一个我们称之为
04:54
a Stage阶段 Two tribe部落,
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阶段二的部落
04:56
which哪一个 looks容貌 like this.
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它看起来像这样
04:58
(Laughter笑声)
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现场笑声
04:59
Now, am I saying that in every一切 Department of Motor发动机 Vehicles汽车
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我有说过在每一个车辆管理局
05:01
across横过 the land土地, you find a Stage阶段 Two culture文化?
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在全国各地,你会发现一个阶段二的文化
05:04
No. But in the one near me,
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不,(我没这么说),但是在我附近的那一个
05:06
where I have to go in just a few少数 days,
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最近几天我不得不去的那一个
05:08
what I will say when I'm standing常设 in line线 is,
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当我排队时我会说
05:10
"How can people be so dumb, and yet然而 live生活?"
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“怎么会有人这么笨,但还活得好好的呢?”
05:13
(Laughter笑声)
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(现场笑声)
05:16
Now, am I saying that there are dumb people working加工 here?
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我有说是一帮蠢人在这工作吗?
05:19
Actually其实, no, I'm not.
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实际上,我没有
05:21
But I'm saying the culture文化 makes品牌 people dumb.
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但是,我要说是文化让人变笨了
05:25
So in a Stage阶段 Two culture文化 --
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所以在阶段二
05:27
and we find these in all sorts排序 of different不同 places地方 --
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我们可以从所有不同的地方发现这一点
05:29
you find them, in fact事实, in the best最好 organizations组织 in the world世界.
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实际,你可以从世界上最优秀的组织中发现这些
05:32
You find them in all places地方 in society社会.
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你可以从社会中的所有地方发现这些
05:34
I've come across横过 them at the organizations组织
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我已经在一些组织中遇到这种情况
05:37
that everybody每个人 raves胡言乱语 about as being存在 best最好 in class.
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在组织中,所有人都叫嚷着要成为最棒的
05:39
But here is the point. If you believe and you say
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但问题是,如果你相信这一点并向
05:41
to people in your tribe部落, in effect影响,
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你所在部落其他人说了,那事实上
05:43
"My life sucks.
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我的生活糟透了
05:45
I mean, if I got to go to TEDx的TEDx USCUSC
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我的意思是如果我去TED南加州大学演讲,
05:47
my life wouldn't不会 suck吮吸. But I don't. So it does."
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我的生活不会变糟。但我没去,所以它变糟了。
05:49
If that's how you talked, imagine想像 what kind of work would get doneDONE.
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如果那是你说话的方式,想象一下,你能够做成什么?
05:53
What kind of innovation革新 would get doneDONE?
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什么样的革新可以完成?
05:55
The amount of world-changing改变世界的 behavior行为 that would happen发生?
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一些改变世界的行为可能发生吗?
05:58
In fact事实 it would be basically基本上 nil.
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实际上这个数字将会是零
06:01
Now when we go on to Stage阶段 Three: this is the one
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那么,我们转移到阶段三,这个阶段
06:03
that hits点击 closest最近的 to home for many许多 of us.
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与我们每个人的家庭联系最紧密
06:06
Because it is in Stage阶段 Three that many许多 of us move移动.
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因为在这个阶段,我们许多人前进
06:09
And we park公园. And we stay.
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我们暂停,我们静止
06:11
Stage阶段 Three says, "I'm great. And you're not."
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阶段三说:“我很伟大,但你没有”
06:16
(Laughter笑声)
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(现场笑声)
06:17
I'm great and you're not.
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我很伟大,但你没有
06:20
Now imagine想像 having a whole整个 room房间 of people
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想象一下,一整个屋子的人
06:22
saying, in effect影响, "I'm great and you're not."
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都在说,“我很伟大,但你没有”
06:24
Or, "I'm going to find some way to compete竞争 with you
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或者“我将找到一些与你竞争的方法
06:27
and come out on top最佳 as a result结果 of that."
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并且得到最好的结果”
06:29
A whole整个 group of people communicating通信 that way, talking that way.
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一整个团体的人都这样交流,这样谈话
06:33
I know this sounds声音 like a joke玩笑. Three doctors医生 walk步行 into a bar酒吧.
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我知道听起来想一个笑话。三个医生进了一家酒吧
06:36
But, in this case案件, three doctors医生 walk步行 into an elevator电梯.
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但是,在这个例子中,三个医生进了一个电梯
06:38
I happened发生 to be in the elevator电梯 collecting搜集 data数据 for this book.
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我刚好在那个电梯里,为本书收集数据
06:41
And one doctor医生 said to the others其他, "Did you see my article文章
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一个医生说道:“你们看到了我的论文
06:43
in the New England英国 Journal日志 of Medicine医学?"
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发表在了新英格兰医学期刊上了”
06:45
And the other said, "No. That's great. Congratulations祝贺!"
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其他人说:“不。那很棒。恭喜你”
06:48
The next下一个 one got kind of a wry扭歪 smile微笑 on his face面对 and said,
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下一个人面带扭曲的微笑说道,
06:51
"Well while you were, you know, doing your research研究," --
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“你知道的,当你做你的研究时
06:54
notice注意 the condescending居高临下 tone --
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注意那种居高临下的语气
06:56
"While you were off doing your research研究, I was off doing more surgeries手术
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当你做研究时,我做了更多的手术
06:59
than anyone任何人 else其他 in the department of surgery手术 at this institution机构."
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比其他任何在这个部门的人还要多
07:02
And the third第三 one got the same相同 wry扭歪 smile微笑 and said,
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第三个人面带同样扭曲的微笑说道
07:04
"Well, while you were off doing your research研究,
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当你做你的研究时
07:07
and you were off doing your monkey meatball肉丸 surgery手术,
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而你做你的猴子肉丸手术时
07:09
that eventually终于 we'll train培养 monkeys猴子 to do,
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最终我们将训练猴子做那个手术
07:12
or cells细胞 or robots机器人, or maybe not even need to do it at all,
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或者是细胞,或者是机器人,或者其他可能的需要
07:15
I was off running赛跑 the future未来 of the residency住院医师 program程序,
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我一直在运作居民项目的未来
07:17
which哪一个 is really the future未来 of medicine医学."
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那才真正是医学的未来
07:19
And they all kind of laughed笑了 and they patted拍拍 him on the back.
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另外两个人略带笑意并轻拍了他的后背
07:21
And the elevator电梯 door opened打开, and they all walked out.
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然后电梯门开了,他们都走了出去
07:23
That is a meeting会议 of a Stage阶段 Three tribe部落.
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这就是一个阶段三下的会谈
07:25
Now, we find these in places地方
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我们发现这些
07:29
where really smart聪明, successful成功 people show显示 up.
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会在一些真正聪明和成功的人中发生
07:32
Like, oh, I don't know, TEDx的TEDx USCUSC.
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比如,我不是很明确,TED南加州大学演讲
07:36
(Laughter笑声)
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(现场笑声)
07:37
Here is the greatest最大 challenge挑战 we face面对 in innovation革新.
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这里我们将遇到革新中的最大的挑战
07:40
It is moving移动 from Stage阶段 Three
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这就是从阶段三
07:42
to Stage阶段 Four.
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过渡到阶段四
07:44
Let's take a look at a quick video视频 snippet片段.
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让我们来看一小段视频
07:47
This is from a company公司 called ZapposZappos的, located位于 outside Las拉斯维加斯 Vegas拉斯维加斯.
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这是一家叫Zappos,坐落在拉斯维加斯城外的公司
07:50
And my question on the other side is just going to be,
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我的问题将会是
07:53
"What do you think they value?"
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“你认为他们珍惜的价值是什么”
07:55
It was not Christmas圣诞 time. There was a Christmas圣诞 tree.
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这不是在圣诞期间,那有一棵圣诞树
07:59
This is their lobby前厅.
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这是他们的工作间
08:07
Employees雇员 volunteer志愿者 time in the advice忠告 booth.
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雇员志愿在他们的工作台上花费时间
08:09
Notice注意 it looks容貌 like something out of a Peanuts花生 cartoon动画片.
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注意,这像是从花生卡通中出来的某物
08:12
Okay, we're going through通过 the hallway门厅 here at ZapposZappos的.
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好的,现在我们将穿过Zappos的门厅
08:15
This is a call center中央. Notice注意 how it's decorated装饰.
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这是一个呼叫中心,注意一下它是怎么装修的
08:17
Notice注意 people are applauding鼓掌 for us.
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看,人们在向我们鼓掌
08:20
They don't know who we are and they don't care关心. And if they did
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他们不知道我们是谁,他们也不在乎。如果他们是的话
08:22
they probably大概 wouldn't不会 applaud鼓掌.
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他们很可能就不鼓掌了
08:26
But you'll你会 notice注意 the level水平 of excitement激动.
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但是你将注意到兴奋的程度
08:28
Notice注意, again, how they decorate装饰 their office办公室.
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再看一次,他们怎么装修他们的办公室的
08:30
Now, what's important重要 to people at ZapposZappos的,
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那么,对Zappos的员工来说什么是重要的
08:32
these may可能 not be the things that are important重要 to you.
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那也许并不是对你来说很重要的事
08:34
But they value things like fun开玩笑. And they value creativity创造力.
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他们珍重像乐趣之类的事。他们珍重创造力。
08:37
One of their stated声明 values is, "Be a little bit weird奇怪的."
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他们宣告的一条价值观就是:变得一点点古怪。
08:40
And you'll你会 notice注意 they are a little bit weird奇怪的.
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你会发现他们确实有点古怪
08:44
So when individuals个人 come together一起
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所以当个体聚集
08:46
and find something that unites联信 them
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并且发现一些团结起他们的事
08:48
that's greater更大 than their individual个人 competence权限,
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这比他们间的竞争更伟大
08:51
then something very important重要 happens发生.
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然后一些很重要的事发生了
08:53
The group gels凝胶. And it changes变化
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这个团体凝聚成一体,而且它从
08:56
from a group of highly高度 motivated动机
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一个团体高动力
08:58
but fairly相当 individually-centric单独为中心 people
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但是平均个人自我为中心
09:01
into something larger,
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变得更大
09:03
into a tribe部落 that becomes aware知道的 of its own拥有 existence存在.
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变成一个开始关注自我存在的部落
09:06
Stage阶段 Four tribes部落 can do remarkable卓越 things.
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阶段四的部落能过做出非凡的事情
09:09
But you'll你会 notice注意 we're not at the top最佳 of the mountain yet然而.
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但你也注意到了我们还没有到达顶峰
09:12
There is, in fact事实, another另一个 stage阶段.
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事实上,那还有一个阶段
09:14
Now, some of you may可能 not recognize认识 the scene现场 that's up here.
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现在,你们当中一些人可能还没有认识到上面的那一阶段
09:17
And if you take a look at the headline标题 of Stage阶段 Five, which哪一个 is "Life is Great,"
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如果你看一下阶段五的标题,生活很伟大
09:21
this may可能 seem似乎 a little incongruous牛头不对马嘴.
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这看上去有一点不协调
09:23
This is a scene现场 or snippet片段
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这是一个场景或片断
09:25
from the Truth真相 and Reconciliation和解 process处理 in South Africa非洲
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摘自于 在南非的真相与和解的进程
09:28
for which哪一个 Desmond德斯蒙德 Tutu楚楚 won韩元 the Nobel诺贝尔 Prize.
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因为这个德斯蒙德 图图获得了诺贝尔奖
09:31
Now think about that. South Africa非洲,
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现在想一想,在南非
09:33
terrible可怕 atrocities暴行 had happened发生 in the society社会.
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社会中,过去曾经发生过可怕的暴行
09:36
And people came来了 together一起
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人们走到一起
09:38
focused重点 only on those two values: truth真相 and reconciliation和解.
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仅仅关注两条价值:真相与和解
09:42
There was no road map地图. No one had ever doneDONE
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那里没有道路的地图。以前没有人曾经做过
09:44
anything like this before.
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任何像这样的事
09:46
And in this atmosphere大气层, where the only guidance指导
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在这种氛围中,唯一的指导
09:49
was people's人们 values and their noble高贵 cause原因,
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就是人们的价值,他们的崇高事业
09:52
what this group accomplished完成 was historic历史性.
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这个团体完成的是历史性的
09:55
And people, at the time, feared害怕 that South Africa非洲
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在那时,人们担心南非
09:58
would end结束 up going the way that Rwanda卢旺达 has gone走了,
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会在卢旺达曾经走过的那条路上走向灭亡
10:00
descending into one skirmish前哨战 after another另一个
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不断分解的小冲突
10:03
in a civil国内 war战争 that seems似乎 to have no end结束.
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在内战中似乎没有尽头
10:05
In fact事实, South Africa非洲 has not gone走了 down that road.
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事实上,南非并没有走这条道路
10:08
Largely大部分 because people like Desmond德斯蒙德 Tutu楚楚
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很大程度上是由于像德斯蒙德 图图这样的人
10:11
set up a Stage阶段 Five process处理
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建立起一个阶段五程序
10:14
to involve涉及 the thousands数千 and perhaps也许 millions百万
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涉及到上千个也可能是上百万个
10:16
of tribes部落 in the country国家, to bring带来 everyone大家 together一起.
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这个国家中的部落,来让每个人到一起
10:19
So, people hear this and they conclude得出结论 the following以下,
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所以人们听到这些并且他们得到以下结论
10:22
as did we in doing the study研究.
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就像我们在这个研究中所作的
10:24
Okay, got it. I don't want to talk Stage阶段 One.
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好的,明白。我不想再谈阶段一
10:27
That's like, you know, "Life sucks." Who wants to talk that way?
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那就像,生活糟透了。谁愿意那么说
10:29
I don't want to talk like they do
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我和他们一样不愿谈
10:31
at the particular特定 DMVDMV that's close to where Dave戴夫 lives生活.
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特别是在机动车管理局,那里离戴夫住的地方很近
10:33
I really don't want to just say "I'm great,"
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我确实不愿意仅仅就说我很伟大
10:35
because that kind of sounds声音 narcissistic自恋, and then I won't惯于 have any friends朋友.
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因为这听上去有点自恋,然后我将不会交到任何朋友
10:38
Saying, "We're great" -- that sounds声音 pretty漂亮 good.
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说,我们很伟大,这听上去好多了
10:40
But I should really talk Stage阶段 Five, right? "Life is great."
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但我将好好谈论阶段五,生活很伟大
10:44
Well, in fact事实, there are three somewhat有些 counter-intuitive反直觉 findings发现
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事实上,这里有三条有悖直觉的发现
10:48
that come out of all this.
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从所有这些研究结果中产生
10:50
The first one, if you look at the Declaration宣言 of Independence独立
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第一条,如果你打开独立宣言
10:52
and actually其实 read it,
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并真正读一读
10:54
the phrase短语 that sticks in many许多 of our minds头脑
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在我们脑中不可磨灭的语句是
10:56
is things about inalienable不可分割 rights权利.
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关于不可剥夺的权利的一些事
10:59
I mean, that's Stage阶段 Five, right? Life is great,
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我意思,那是阶段五,对吗?生活很伟大
11:01
oriented面向 only by our values,
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仅仅由我们的价值观引导
11:03
no other guidance指导.
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而没有其他的导向
11:05
In fact事实, most of the document文件 is written书面 at Stage阶段 Two.
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事实上,宣言大部分还停留在阶段二
11:08
"My life sucks because I live生活 under a tyrant暴君,
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我的生活糟透了,因为我生活在专制之下
11:11
also known已知 as King国王 George乔治.
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也被称为国王乔治。
11:13
We're great! Who is not great? England英国!"
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我们很伟大!谁又不伟大了?英格兰
11:15
Sorry. (Laughter笑声)
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对不起。(现场笑声)
11:19
Well, what about other great leaders领导者? What about Gandhi甘地?
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那么,如果是其他伟大的领袖呢?甘地怎么样呢?
11:21
What about Martin马丁 Luther路德 King国王?
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马丁 路德 金 又怎么样呢?
11:23
I mean, surely一定 these were just people who preached宣讲, "Life is great," right?
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我意思是,显然他们都是宣扬生活很伟大的人,是吧?
11:25
Just one little bit of happiness幸福 and joy喜悦 after another另一个.
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生命中总是充满了不断的幸福和快乐
11:29
In fact事实, Martin马丁 Luther路德 King's国王 most famous著名 line线 was at Stage阶段 Three.
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事实上,马丁 路德 金的大多数宣言是处在阶段三的
11:33
He didn't say "We have a dream梦想." He said, "I have a dream梦想."
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他没有说,我们有一个梦想。他说,我有一个梦想
11:36
Why did he do that? Because most people
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他为什么那么说?因为大多数人
11:38
are not at Stage阶段 Five.
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并没有到达阶段五
11:40
Two percent百分 are at Stage阶段 One.
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2%的人处在阶段一
11:42
About 25 percent百分 are at Stage阶段 Two,
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大约25%的人在阶段二
11:46
saying, in effect影响, "My life sucks."
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说着,“我的生活糟透了”
11:49
48 percent百分 of working加工 tribes部落 say, these are employed就业 tribes部落,
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48%的工薪阶层,那些受雇的部落
11:54
say, "I'm great and you're not."
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说道,“我很伟大,但你没有”
11:56
And we have to duke公爵 it out every一切 day, so we resort采取 to politics政治.
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我们不得不每天,所以我们诉诸于政治
11:59
Only about 22 percent百分 of tribes部落
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只有22%的部落
12:01
are at Stage阶段 Four,
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是处在阶段四
12:03
oriented面向 by our values, saying "We're great.
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在我们价值观的引导下,说,“我们很伟大
12:05
And our values are beginning开始 to unite团结 us."
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我们的价值观开始将我们联合到一起
12:07
Only two percent百分, only two percent百分 of tribes部落
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仅仅只有2%,仅仅只有2%的部落
12:10
get to Stage阶段 Five.
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到达了阶段五
12:12
And those are the ones那些 that change更改 the world世界.
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那些才是改变世界的
12:14
So the first little finding发现 from this
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所以从中我们有一个小发现
12:16
is that leaders领导者 need to be able能够 to talk all the levels水平
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那就是领导者要能够与所有层次的人交流
12:19
so that you can touch触摸 every一切 person in society社会.
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那样他才可以解触到社会中的所有人
12:22
But you don't leave离开 them where you found发现 them. Okay?
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但别离开他们所在的阶段,好吗?
12:25
Tribes部落 can only hear one level水平 above以上 and below下面 where they are.
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部落仅仅可以听到与之相邻的上下两个阶段的
12:29
So we have to have the ability能力 to talk
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所以我们得拥有与所有层次交谈的能力
12:31
all the levels水平, to go to where they are.
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有到达他们所在的能力
12:33
And then leaders领导者 nudge微调 people
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然后领导者推动部落中的
12:35
within their tribes部落 to the next下一个 level水平.
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人们到达下一个阶段
12:37
I'd like to show显示 you some examples例子 of this.
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我将给你们展示几个例子
12:39
One of the people we interviewed采访 was Frank坦率 Jordan约旦,
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弗兰克 乔丹是我们的一个访谈对象
12:42
former前任的 Mayor市长 of San Francisco弗朗西斯科. Before that
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他是旧金山前任市长,在此之前
12:44
he was Chief首席 of Police警察 in San Francisco弗朗西斯科.
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他是旧金山警察局局长
12:46
And he grew成长 up essentially实质上 in Stage阶段 One.
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基本上,他在阶段一中长大
12:49
And you know what changed his life? It was walking步行 into
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你们认为是什么改变了他的生活?那是步入
12:51
one of these, a Boys男孩 and Girls女孩 Club俱乐部.
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一个男孩女孩俱乐部
12:53
Now here is what happened发生 to this person
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这就是发生在他身上的事
12:56
who eventually终于 became成为 Mayor市长 of San Francisco弗朗西斯科.
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最终让他成为了旧金山市长
12:58
He went from being存在 alive and passionate多情
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他从有活力有激情地活在
13:00
at Stage阶段 One -- remember记得, "Life sucks,
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阶段一,记着,“生活糟透了
13:02
despairing绝望 hostility敌意, I will do whatever随你 it takes to survive生存" --
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令人绝望的敌意,我将会为了生存做任何事”
13:06
to walking步行 into a Boys男孩 and Girls女孩 Club俱乐部,
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发展到,进入一个男孩女孩俱乐部
13:08
folding折页 his arms武器, sitting坐在 down in a chair椅子,
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坐在一张椅子上,袖手旁观
13:10
and saying, "Wow. My life really sucks.
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说道,“哇哦,我的生活确实糟透了,
13:12
I don't know anybody任何人.
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我不认识任何人
13:14
I mean, if I was into boxing拳击, like they were,
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我意思是,如果我去拳击,像他们一样
13:16
then my life wouldn't不会 suck吮吸. But I don't. So it does.
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我的生活就不会糟糕。但我没有,所以它很糟
13:18
So I'm going to sit here in my chair椅子 and not do anything."
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所以我要坐在这并且什么也不做
13:20
In fact事实, that's progress进展.
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事实上,这就是进步
13:22
We move移动 people from Stage阶段 One to Stage阶段 Two
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我们推动人们从阶段一进入阶段二
13:25
by getting得到 them in a new tribe部落
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就是将他们引入一个新的部落
13:27
and then, over time, getting得到 them connected连接的.
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并在一段时间内保持联系
13:30
So, what about moving移动
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那么,从阶段三到阶段四
13:32
from Stage阶段 Three to Stage阶段 Four?
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又是怎么样呢?
13:34
I want to argue争论 that we're doing that right here.
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我想申明,这就是我们此刻在做的
13:37
TEDTED represents代表 a set of values,
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TED代表了一系列的价值观
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and as we unite团结 around these values,
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当我们聚集在这些价值下时
13:43
something really interesting有趣 begins开始 to emerge出现.
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一些真正有趣的事开始显现
13:45
If you want this experience经验 to live生活 on
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如果你想拥有这样的经历,活着
13:48
as something historic历史性,
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能有某种历史意义
13:50
then at the reception招待会 tonight今晚 I'd like to encourage鼓励 you to do something
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所以在今晚的聚会,我要鼓励你们做一些事
13:53
beyond what people normally一般 do
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有悖人们通常所做的事
13:55
and call networking联网.
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呼叫网络
13:57
Which哪一个 is not just to meet遇到 new people
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这不再仅是简单的见一些新的面孔
13:59
and extend延伸 your reach达到, extend延伸 your influence影响,
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扩大你的交际圈和影响力
14:02
but instead代替, find someone有人 you don't know,
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取而代之的是发现一些你不认识的人
14:04
and find someone有人 else其他 you don't know,
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再发现一些你不认识的人
14:06
and introduce介绍 them.
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然后将他们相互引见
14:08
That's called a triadic三元 relationship关系.
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这就是所谓的三元关系
14:11
See, people who build建立 world-changing改变世界的 tribes部落 do that.
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建立改变世界的部落的人做的就是这些
14:15
They extend延伸 the reach达到 of their tribes部落
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他们向外延伸他们的部落
14:18
by connecting them, not just to myself,
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联系他们,而不仅是对我自己
14:20
so that my following以下 is greater更大,
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因此我的跟随者就更多
14:22
but I connect people who don't know each other
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我将互不认识的人联系到
14:24
to something greater更大 than themselves他们自己.
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一些比他们自己更伟大的事上来
14:26
And ultimately最终 that adds增加 to their values.
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并最终这些添加到他们的价值观中去了
14:29
But we're not doneDONE yet然而. Because then how do we go from Stage阶段 Four,
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但我们还没有完成,因为我们该怎么从阶段四
14:33
which哪一个 is great, to Stage阶段 Five?
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到更伟大的阶段,阶段五呢?
14:36
The story故事 that I like to end结束 with is this. It comes out of
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下面我将以一个故事结尾。它发生在
14:38
a place地点 called the Gallup盖洛普 Organization组织.
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一个叫盖洛普组织的中
14:40
You know they do polls民意调查, right?
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你知道的,他们是做调查的,对吗?
14:42
So it's Stage阶段 Four. We're great. Who is not great?
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它属于阶段四的。我们很伟大,谁不伟大呢?
14:44
Pretty漂亮 much everybody每个人 else其他 who does polls民意调查.
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也有其他许多人在做调查
14:47
If Gallup盖洛普 releases发布 a poll轮询 on the same相同 day that NBCNBC releases发布 a poll轮询,
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如果盖洛普和NBC同一天发布了一个调查
14:50
people will pay工资 attention注意 to the Gallup盖洛普 poll轮询. Okay, we understand理解 that.
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人们会关注盖洛普的调查。好的,我们都明白的
14:53
So, they were bored无聊.
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尽管他们厌烦了
14:55
They wanted to change更改 the world世界. So here is the question someone有人 asked.
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他们想要改变世界。这是某个人剔除的问题
14:58
"How could we,
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我们怎么能够
15:00
instead代替 of just polling轮询 what Asia亚洲 thinks
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取代仅仅调查亚洲的想法
15:02
or what the United联合的 States状态 thinks,
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美国的想法
15:04
or who thinks what about Obama奥巴马
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人们对奥巴马和
15:06
versus McCain麦凯恩 or something like that,
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麦克 凯恩怎么看,或是类似的事
15:08
what does the entire整个 world世界 think?"
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变成整个世界的看法
15:12
And they found发现 a way to do the first-ever史无前例的 world世界 poll轮询.
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他们发现一个途径去开展第一个全球调查
15:16
They had people involved参与 who were Nobel诺贝尔 laureates获奖者
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他们的调查涉及,诺贝尔
15:18
in economics经济学, who reported报道 being存在 bored无聊.
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经济学奖得主,对调查厌烦的普通人
15:20
And suddenly突然 they pulled out sheets床单 of paper
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突然他们抽出一叠问卷
15:22
and were trying to figure数字 out, "How do we survey调查 the population人口
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试图弄明白,“我们怎么调查
15:25
of Sub-Saharan撒哈拉以南 Africa非洲?
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撒哈拉以南非洲的人口”
15:27
How do we survey调查 populations人群 that don't have access访问 to technology技术,
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我们怎么调查技术无法到达的人口
15:30
and speak说话 languages语言 we don't speak说话,
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与我们说不通语言的人口
15:32
and we don't know anyone任何人 who speaks说话 those languages语言. Because in order订购
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并且我们不认识任何一个说这种语言的人。 但为了
15:34
to achieve实现 on this great mission任务,
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完成这个伟大的使命
15:37
we have to be able能够 to do it.
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我们必须能够掌握它
15:39
Incidentally顺便, they did pull it off.
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顺便说一句,他们没有半途而废。
15:41
And they released发布 the first-ever史无前例的 world世界 poll轮询.
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他们发起了第一个全球调查
15:44
So I'd like to leave离开 you with these thoughts思念.
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我很乐意给你们留下这些想法
15:46
First of all: we all form形成 tribes部落, all of us.
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第一,我们所有人组成部落,所有人
15:49
You're in tribes部落 here. Hopefully希望 you're extending扩展 the reach达到
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在这里,你属于一个部落。希望你正在扩大你的所接触
15:51
of the tribes部落 that you have.
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已有的部落
15:53
But the question on the table is this:
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问题是,
15:56
What kind of an impact碰撞 are the tribes部落
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你所在的部落在作出
15:58
that you are in making制造?
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什么影响呢?
16:00
You're hearing听力 one presentation介绍 after another另一个,
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你听到一个接一个的问题
16:03
often经常 representing代表 a group of people, a tribe部落,
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通常代表着一群人,一个部落
16:05
about how they have changed the world世界.
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关于他们怎么改变世界
16:08
If you do what we've我们已经 talked about, you listen
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如果你做我们刚才谈论的,你听取了
16:10
for how people actually其实 communicate通信 in the tribes部落 that you're in.
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人们怎么在你所在的部落中交流
16:13
And you don't leave离开 them where they are. You nudge微调 them forward前锋.
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你不脱离他们。你推动他们向前
16:16
You remember记得 to talk all five culture文化 stages阶段.
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你记得与所有五个文化阶段对话
16:19
Because we've我们已经 got people in all five, around us.
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因为我们的周围充斥着所有这五个阶段的人
16:22
And the question that I'd like to leave离开 you with is this:
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我将留给你们的问题是
16:25
Will your tribes部落 change更改 the world世界?
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你的部落将会改变世界吗?
16:27
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢
16:29
(Applause掌声)
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(现场掌声)
Translated by Alex Liu
Reviewed by Chunlei Chang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Logan - Professor of management
David Logan is a USC faculty member, best-selling author, and management consultant.

Why you should listen

David Logan studies how people communicate within a company -- and how to harness our natural gifts to make change within organizations. He looks at emerging patterns of corporate leadership, organizational transformation, generational differences in the workplace, and team building for high-potential managers and executives.

He's the co-founder and senior partner at CultureSync, a management consulting firm, and works with Fortune 500 companies, governments, and nonprofits. Much of CultureSync's work is derived from a ten-year study of over 24,000 people published at Tribal Leadership (2008), which shows how organizational culture evolves over time and how leaders can nudge it forward.

He teaches management and leadership in the USC Executive MBA, and is also on the faculty at the International Centre for Leadership in Finance (ICLIF), endowed by the former prime minister of Malaysia, and on the Foundation for Medical Excellence in Portland.

From 2001-2004, he served as Associate Dean of Executive Education at USC. During that time, he started the Master of Medical Management (MMM), a business degree for midcareer medical doctors. He also initiated new executive education programs (often, in concert with the USC School of Policy, Planning and Development) with organizations as diverse as the Sierra Health Foundation, Northrop Grumman, and the City of Los Angeles. He continued to oversee many programs, including one of USC's first distance learning education courses for managers in Japan and a senior executive program at Toyota.

Logan is co-author of four books including Tribal Leadership and The Three Laws of Performance.

More profile about the speaker
David Logan | Speaker | TED.com