ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Cameron - Politician
David Cameron is the prime minister of the UK and the leader of the UK's Conservative Party.

Why you should listen

David Cameron became the prime minster of the United Kingdom in May 2010, leading a coalition government (the UK's first since World War II). He was elected leader of the Conservative Party in December 2005, and has been a Member of Parliament for the Witney constituency since 2001. Before he became an MP, he was a Special Adviser  to the Chancellor of the Exchequer and then to the Home Secretary. He took a break to work in media for seven years, then stood for election in 2001 on an agenda of tax-cutting. (During the election, he also wrote a column for the Guardian.) As a new MP, he took several controversial positions, such as coming out in favor of the "harm reduction" drug policy. He became a member of the shadow cabinet (an alternative cabinet to the party in power) in 2003, and two years later became head of the party.

More profile about the speaker
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TED2010

David Cameron: The next age of government

戴维·卡梅伦:政府的下一个时代

Filmed:
752,827 views

这位英国保守党领袖说,我们正在进入一个崭新的时代 -- 政府自身拥有更少的权利(和更少的钱),同时人民借助新兴科技则拥有更多的权利。利用行为经济学的新观点,他探讨如何将上述趋势转化为更聪明有力的政策。
- Politician
David Cameron is the prime minister of the UK and the leader of the UK's Conservative Party. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
Someone有人 once一旦 said that politics政治 is, of course课程, "showbiz演艺圈 for ugly丑陋 people."
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有人曾说过:“政治,”当然地,“是丑陋的人的演艺圈。”
00:21
So, on that basis基础, I feel like I've really arrived到达.
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因此,基于此评价,我在这个圈子从政。
00:25
The other thing to think of is what an honor荣誉 it is, as a politician政治家,
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我认为该想到的另一件事是,作为一位政客,来TED演说
00:28
to give a TEDTED talk, particularly尤其 here in the U.K.,
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是一个多么大的荣誉,尤其是在这里英国,
00:31
where the reputation声誉 of politics政治, with the expenses花费 scandal丑闻, has sunk沉没 so low.
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在这个政客的声誉因为开支丑闻降到如此之低的国家。
00:37
There was even a story故事 recently最近 that scientists科学家们 had thought about
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最近甚至还有一个故事,说科学家已经想到
00:41
actually其实 replacing更换 rats大鼠 in their experiments实验 with politicians政治家.
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真正地要用政客来取代实验室的老鼠。
00:46
And someone有人 asked,"Why?"
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有人问:“为什么?”
00:48
and they said, "Well, there's no shortage短缺 of politicians政治家,
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于是他们回答:“嗯,我们从来不缺政客,
00:52
no one really minds头脑 what happens发生 to them
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而且没有人真正关心他们身上发生了什么事。
00:55
and, after all, there are some things that rats大鼠 just won't惯于 do."
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再有,毕竟有一些事情是老鼠完全没法做的。”
00:58
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:00
Now, I know you all love data数据, so I'm starting开始 with a data-rich数据丰富 slide滑动.
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现在,我知道大家喜欢数据,所以我将以丰富的数据幻灯片开始。
01:04
This, I think, is the most important重要 fact事实 to bear in mind心神
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我认为,这个是在英国政治或美国政治中
01:07
in British英国的 politics政治 or American美国 politics政治,
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需要铭记的最重要事实。
01:11
and that is: We have run out of money.
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那就是:我们已经入不敷出了。
01:13
We have vast广大 budget预算 deficits赤字.
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我们有大量的预算赤字。
01:16
This is my global全球 public上市 debt债务 clock时钟,
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这是我们全球公共债务时钟,
01:19
and, as you can see, it's 32 trillion and counting数数.
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正如你们看到的,32万亿,而且还在不停地计数。
01:23
And I think what this leads引线 to
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我认为,这个让我们知道
01:25
is a very simple简单 recognition承认,
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一个非常简单的共识:
01:28
that there's one question in politics政治 at the moment时刻 above以上 all other,
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在当前,政治上有一个高于一切的难题
01:31
and it's this one: How do we make things better without spending开支 more money?
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那就是:我们如何能花很少的钱但把事情做得更好?
01:36
Because there isn't going to be a lot of money to improve提高 public上市 services服务,
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因为不会再有大量的钱来改善公共服务
01:40
or to improve提高 government政府, or to improve提高 so many许多 of the things
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或者用来改善政府,或者用来改善政治家们谈论的
01:43
that politicians政治家 talk about.
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如此之多的事情。
01:45
So what follows如下 from that is that if you think it's all about money --
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因此紧接着的后果就是,如果你认为这一切完全是基于钱,
01:51
you can only measure测量 success成功 in public上市 services服务
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如果你只能通过花费更多的钱来衡量公共服务的成功,
01:54
in health健康 care关心 and education教育 and policing治安 by spending开支 more money,
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来衡量卫生保健和教育以及警力治安的成功,
01:58
you can only measure测量 progress进展 by spending开支 money --
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如果你只能通过花钱多少来衡量进步的话,
02:01
you're going to have a pretty漂亮 miserable time.
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那你将会有一个相当悲惨的时期。
02:04
But if you think a whole整个 lot of other things matter that lead up to well being存在 --
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但是如果你想一想其它一大堆重要的、能带来幸福的事情,
02:08
things like your family家庭 relationships关系, friendship友谊, community社区, values --
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比如你的家庭关系,友情,社区,价值观,
02:11
then, actually其实, this is an incredibly令人难以置信 exciting扣人心弦 time to be in politics政治.
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那么,实际上,这是一个难以置信地激动人心的政治时刻。
02:16
And the really simple简单 argument论据 I want to make tonight今晚,
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我今晚想要论证的观点真的很简单,
02:18
the really straightforward直截了当 argument论据 is this:
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这个坦诚易懂的观点就是:
02:20
That if we combine结合 the right political政治 philosophy哲学, the right political政治 thinking思维,
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如果我们把正确的政治哲学,正确的政治思考
02:26
with the incredible难以置信 information信息 revolution革命 that has taken采取 place地点,
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和已经发生的不可思议的信息革命结合起来,
02:30
and that all of you know so much more about than I do,
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而关于这个信息革命大家知道得比我多得多。
02:34
I think there's an incredible难以置信 opportunity机会 to actually其实 remake翻拍 politics政治,
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我认为这将会得到一个可以真正改造政治、
02:38
remake翻拍 government政府, remake翻拍 public上市 services服务,
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改造政府、改造公共服务的难以置信的好机会,
02:41
and achieve实现 what's up on that slide滑动, which哪一个 is a big increase增加 in our well-being福利.
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并且如幻灯片上所言使人们福利幸福大幅提升。
02:46
That's the argument论据 I want to make tonight今晚.
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这就是我今晚想要论证的观点。
02:49
So, starting开始 with the political政治 philosophy哲学.
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那么,从政治哲学开始
02:52
Now I'm not saying for a minute分钟 that British英国的 Conservatives保守党 have all the answers答案.
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我现在不是说英国保守党就拥有解决问题的方案。
02:55
Of course课程 we don't.
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我们当然没有。
02:57
But there are two things at heart that I think drive驾驶 a conservative保守 philosophy哲学
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但是我认为保守党哲学有两个核心东西,
03:02
that are really relevant相应 to this whole整个 debate辩论.
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它们跟今天讨论的真的很有关联。
03:04
The first is this: We believe that if you give people
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第一件:我们相信如果你赋予人民
03:06
more power功率 and control控制 over their lives生活,
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更多的权利去掌控他们自己的生活,
03:09
if you give people more choice选择,
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如果你给予人民更多的选择,
03:11
if you put them in the driving主动 seat座位,
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如果你把他们放到驾驶座上,驾驭自己的人生,
03:13
then actually其实, you can create创建 a stronger and better society社会.
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那么,事实上,你便能创建一个更强大更美好的社会。
03:16
And if you marry结婚 this fact事实 with the incredible难以置信 abundance丰富
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并且,如果你把这个事实和当今世界我们拥有的难以置信的丰富信息
03:20
of information信息 that we have in our world世界 today今天,
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结合起来,
03:22
I think you can completely全然, as I've said,
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正如我已经说过的,我认为你可以彻底地
03:24
remake翻拍 politics政治, remake翻拍 government政府, remake翻拍 your public上市 services服务.
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改造政治,改造政府,改造大众公共服务。
03:29
The second第二 thing we believe is we believe in going with the grain粮食 of human人的 nature性质.
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我们相信的第二件:我们相信应该顺应人类的天性。
03:33
Politics政治 and politicians政治家 will only succeed成功
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政治和政治家们只有真正地了解人民自己真实的想法来对待人民,
03:36
if they actually其实 try and treat对待 with people as they are,
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而不是以政治家的想法希望人民要怎样来对待他们,
03:41
rather than as they would like them to be.
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这才能够成功。
03:44
Now, if you combine结合 this very simple简单, very conservative保守 thought --
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现在,如果你把这条非常简单非常保守的思想,
03:47
go with the grain粮食 of human人的 nature性质 --
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顺应人类的天性
03:49
with all the advances进步 in behavioral行为的 economics经济学,
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和所有行为经济学的成果
03:52
some of which哪一个 we were just hearing听力 about,
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其中的一些我们才刚刚听到的成果结合起来,
03:54
again, I think we can achieve实现 a real真实 increase增加 in well-being福利,
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再一次地,我认为我们能够真正地提升社会福利大众幸福,
03:57
in happiness幸福, in a stronger society社会
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提升快乐,创建一个更强大的社会,
04:00
without necessarily一定 having to spend a whole整个 lot more money.
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而不需花费一大堆的钱。
04:04
Now, why do I think now is the moment时刻 to make this argument论据?
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为什么我现在提出这种观点呢?
04:08
Well, I'm afraid害怕 you're going to suffer遭受 a short, condensed冷凝 history历史 lesson
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嗯,恐怕你们要忍受一小段、浓缩的历史课。
04:12
about what I would say are the three passages通道 of history历史:
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我将要说的是历史上的三个时代,
04:15
the pre-bureaucratic前官僚 age年龄, the bureaucratic官僚主义 age年龄
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前官僚时代,官僚时代,
04:19
and what we now live生活 in, which哪一个 I think is a post-bureaucratic后官僚 age年龄.
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以及我们正生活的时代——我称其为“后官僚时代”。
04:22
A simpler简单 way of thinking思维 of it
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一个简单的方式来思考这段历史:
04:24
is that we have gone走了 from a world世界 of local本地 control控制,
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我们经历了地方掌控的世界,
04:28
then we went to a world世界 of central中央 control控制,
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然后我们进入到中央掌控的世界,
04:31
and now we're in a world世界 of people control控制.
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现在我们正处于在人民掌控的世界。
04:33
Local本地 power功率, central中央 power功率, now, people power功率.
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地方掌权,中央掌权,现在,人民掌权。
04:36
Now, here is King国王 Cnut克努特, king国王 a thousand years年份 ago.
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现在看到的是克努特王,1000年前的国王。
04:40
Thought he could turn back the waves波浪; couldn't不能 turn back the waves波浪.
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他以为他能让海浪调头,其实做不到,
04:43
Couldn't不能 actually其实 turn back very much,
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好吧,即使他真的做到过,也不是很明显……
04:45
because if you were king国王 a thousand years年份 ago,
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因为如果你是一千年前的国王,
04:47
while it still took hours小时 and hours小时 and weeks and weeks to traverse横过 your own拥有 country国家,
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那个时候要花上数周的时间才能横越你的国家,
04:52
there wasn't much you were in charge收费 of.
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你能掌控的东西很少。
04:54
You weren't in charge收费 of policing治安, justice正义, education教育, health健康, welfare福利.
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你不能掌控治安、司法、教育、卫生、福利。
04:57
You could just about go to war战争 and that was about it.
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你可以发动战争,基本上那是你能做的。
05:01
This was the pre-bureaucratic前官僚 age年龄,
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这就是前官僚时代
05:03
an age年龄 in which哪一个 everything had to be local本地.
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一个所有事情都只能是地方性的时代。
05:07
You had to have local本地 control控制 because there was no nationally-available国内可用 information信息
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你只能拥有地方性掌控,因为没有全国性的便利信息,
05:12
because travel旅行 was so restricted限制.
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因为交通是如此的受限。
05:14
So this was the pre-bureaucratic前官僚 age年龄.
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这就是前官僚时代。
05:16
Next下一个 part部分 of the cold history历史 lesson,
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现说历史课的下一部分,
05:18
the lovely可爱 picture图片 of the British英国的 Industrial产业 Revolution革命.
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英国工业革命的可爱图片。
05:21
Suddenly突然, all sorts排序 of transport运输, travel旅行 information信息 were possible可能,
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突然间,所有形式的交通、旅行、信息传递都成为了可能,
05:25
and this gave birth分娩 to, what I like to call, the bureaucratic官僚主义 age年龄.
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这就催生了我所说的“官僚时代”。
05:29
And hopefully希望 this slide滑动 is going to morph变形 beautifully精美. There we are.
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让这张幻灯片变化一下。如图所示,
05:32
Suddenly突然, you have the big, strong强大, central中央 state.
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突然间,我们有了大而强的中央政权。
05:36
It was able能够 -- but only it was able能够 -- to organize组织
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它能够但是仅仅能组织起
05:40
health健康 care关心, education教育, policing治安, justice正义.
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医疗保健,教育,治安和司法。
05:43
And it was a world世界 of, as I say, not local本地 power功率, but now central中央 power功率.
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正如我所说,它不再是地方控权,而是一个中央控权的世界。
05:48
It had sucked all that power功率 up from the localities地方.
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它剥夺了当地地区所有的权利。
05:51
It was able能够 to do that itself本身.
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它自身能够做到这一点。
05:54
The next下一个 great stage阶段, which哪一个 all of you are so familiar with:
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下一个伟大时代,大家都非常熟悉:
05:57
the massive大规模的 information信息 revolution革命.
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规模庞大的信息革命。
06:00
Just consider考虑 this one fact事实:
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就考虑这一个事实:
06:03
One hundred years年份 ago, sending发出 these 10 words cost成本 50 dollars美元.
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100年前,发送这10个单词需要花费50美元。
06:07
Right now, here we are linked关联 up to Long Beach海滩 and everywhere到处 else其他,
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就在现在,仅用此费用的一小部分,我们这里就和美国长滩以及其他任何地方,
06:10
and all these secret秘密 locations地点 for a fraction分数 of that cost成本,
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甚至所有那些秘密的地方都在线联结起来了,
06:13
and we can send发送 and receive接收 huge巨大 quantities数量 of information信息
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我们可以发送和接收大量的信息
06:17
without it costing成本核算 anything.
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而没有任何花费。
06:19
So we're now living活的 in a post-bureaucratic后官僚 age年龄,
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现在我们生活在一个后官僚时代,
06:24
where genuine真正 people power功率 is possible可能.
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人民可以真正行使权力,这是可能的。
06:28
Now, what does this mean for our politics政治,
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现在,这一切对我们的政治,
06:31
for our public上市 services服务, for our government政府?
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对我们的公共服务,对我们的政府意味着什么?
06:34
Well I can't, in the time I've got, give huge巨大 numbers数字 of examples例子,
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嗯,就我所知的,我不能给出大量的例子,
06:38
but let me just give a few少数 of the ways方法 that life can change更改.
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但让我指出一些生活可以改变的方面。
06:43
And this is so obvious明显, in a way, because
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这在某种程度上是显而易见的,因为
06:45
you think about how all of you have changed
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你想一想我们购物,旅行,经商的方式
06:47
the way we shop, the way we travel旅行, the way that business商业 is doneDONE.
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已经发生了怎样的改变。
06:51
That is already已经 happened发生; the information信息 and Internet互联网 revolution革命
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这些已经发生了;信息和互联网革命
06:54
has actually其实 gone走了 all the way through通过 our societies社会 in so many许多 different不同 ways方法,
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已经通过如此与众不同的方式贯穿了我们的社会,
06:58
but it hasn't有没有, in every一切 way, yet然而 touched感动 our government政府.
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但它还没有贯穿所有的方面,尚未触及我们的政府。
07:01
So, how could this happen发生?
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那么,这触及我们的政府将如何发生?
07:03
Well, I think there are three chief首席 ways方法 that it should make an enormous巨大 difference区别:
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嗯,我认为它应该通过三个主要方面——
07:07
in transparency透明度, in greater更大 choice选择 and in accountability问责,
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透明度,更多的选择,以及问责制,
07:11
in giving us that genuine真正 people power功率.
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这会带来巨大的不同,给人民真正的权力。
07:15
If we take transparency透明度, here is one of my favorite喜爱 websites网站,
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如果我们说起透明度,这是我最喜欢的网站之一:
07:19
the Missouri密苏里州 Accountability问责制 Portal门户.
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萨里问责制门户。
07:22
In the old days, only the government政府 could hold保持 the information信息,
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在过去时代,只有政府能持有这些信息,
07:25
and only a few少数 elected当选 people could try and grab that information信息
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也仅有少数被当选的人才能得到这些信息,
07:29
and question it and challenge挑战 it.
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并且质疑和怀疑这些信息。
07:31
Now here, on one website网站, one state in America美国,
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现在这里,在一个网站上,美国的一个州,
07:35
every一切 single dollar美元 spent花费 by that government政府
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政府所花的每一分钱
07:39
is searchable搜索, is analyzable可分析, is checkable可检查.
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都是可以搜索,可以分析,可以对账的。
07:42
Think of the huge巨大 change更改 that means手段:
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想想这意味着的巨大变化。
07:44
Any business商业 that wants to bid出价 for a government政府 contract合同
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任何想要竞投政府合约的企业
07:47
can see what currently目前 is being存在 spent花费.
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可以看到目前花费的钱用在哪里。
07:49
Anyone任何人 thinking思维, "I could do that service服务 better, I could deliver交付 it cheaper便宜,"
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任何人如果想“也许我可以提供更好的服务,我可以价格更低地履行”,
07:52
it's all available可得到 there.
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数据全都在那儿摆着。
07:54
We have only, in government政府 and in politics政治,
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与人们借助信息革命在商业世界里所做的相比起来,
07:57
started开始 to scratch the surface表面 of what people are doing in the commercial广告 world世界
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在政府和政治层面上我们
08:01
with the information信息 revolution革命.
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仅仅才开始触及到其表面而已。
08:03
So, complete完成 transparency透明度 will make a huge巨大 difference区别.
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因此,完全的透明度将带来巨大的变化。
08:06
In this country国家, if we win赢得 the election选举,
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在英国这个国家,如果我们保守党能赢得大选,
08:08
we are going to make all government政府 spending开支 over 25,000 pounds英镑
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我们将让所有超过25,000英镑的政府开支
08:12
transparent透明 and available可得到 online线上, searchable搜索 for anyone任何人 to see.
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透明并且可供任何人通过上网搜索而看到。
08:16
We're going to make every一切 contract合同 -- we're announcing宣布 this today今天 --
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我们今天在这里宣布,我们将让每一个合同
08:20
available可得到 on the Internet互联网 so anyone任何人 can see
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在网上可查,让任何人都能看到
08:22
what the terms条款 are, what the conditions条件 are,
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条约是什么样的,条件是些什么,
08:24
driving主动 huge巨大 value for money,
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从而不仅获得大量的经济收益,
08:26
but also huge巨大 increases增加, I believe, in well-being福利 as well.
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我相信更会得到社会福利的大幅提升。
08:32
Choice选择. Now you all shop online线上, compare比较 online线上, do everything online线上,
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说到选择。如今你们都上网购物,在网上比较,通过网络做各种事,
08:38
and yet然而 this revolution革命 has hardly几乎不 touched感动 the surface表面
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虽然这种革命还几乎没有触及到
08:40
of public上市 services服务 like education教育, or health健康 care关心 or policing治安,
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公共服务方面,比如教育,或卫生保健,或治安,
08:44
and you're going to see this change更改 massively大规模.
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但你们将会看到这些方面的大规模改变。
08:47
We should be making制造 this change更改
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我们应该促成这样的改变。
08:49
with the information信息 revolution革命 in our country国家,
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随着我们国家的信息革命,
08:51
with searchable搜索 health健康 sites网站, so you can see what operations操作 work out properly正确,
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通过可搜索的医疗网站,你们可以看到何种手术进展顺利,
08:56
what records记录 doctors医生 have, the cleanliness清洁度 of hospitals医院,
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医生们的纪录,医院的卫生程度,
08:59
who does best最好 at infection感染 control控制 --
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谁在感染控制方面做得最好,
09:01
all of the information信息 that would once一旦 be locked锁定 in the Department of Health健康
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所有这些曾经被锁在卫生署内部的信息
09:05
is now available可得到 for all of us to see.
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现在可供我们所有人查看。
09:08
And the third第三 of these big changes变化: accountability问责.
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第三个巨大的变化,问责制。
09:12
This, I think, is a huge巨大 change更改.
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我认为,这个是一个巨大的改变。
09:14
It is a crime犯罪 map地图. This is a crime犯罪 map地图 from Chicago芝加哥.
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这是一张犯罪地图。只是一张芝加哥的犯罪地图。
09:18
So, instead代替 of having a situation情况 where only the police警察 have the information信息
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因此,不再单单由警察掌握这些
09:21
about which哪一个 crimes犯罪 are committed提交 where,
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何类犯罪在何处发生的信息,
09:24
and we have to employ采用 people in government政府
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不再需要我们政府雇佣人员
09:27
to try and hold保持 the police警察 to account帐户,
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去监管警察的责任;
09:29
suddenly突然, we've我们已经 got this vast广大 opportunity机会 for people power功率,
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突然间,我们有了巨大的机会去赋予人们权力:
09:32
where we, as citizens公民, can see what crimes犯罪 are being存在 committed提交 --
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作为公民,我们要是看到有现场犯罪
09:35
where, when and by whom --
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何时何地以及罪犯是谁,
09:37
and we can hold保持 the police警察 to account帐户.
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我们就可以监管警察的职责。
09:39
And you can see this looks容貌 a bit like a chef's厨师 hat帽子,
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大家能看到这个图标,看上去像一个厨师的帽子,
09:41
but actually其实 that's an assault突击, the one in blue蓝色.
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但实际上这个蓝色的图标表示一个人身侵犯案件。
09:44
You can see what crime犯罪 is committed提交 where,
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你们可以看到何类犯罪在何处发生,
09:46
and you have the opportunity机会 to hold保持 your police警察 force to account帐户.
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你们就有机会去监管你们的警察所应尽的职责。
09:49
So those three ways方法 -- transparency透明度, accountability问责 and choice选择 --
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因此,这三个方面:透明度,问责制以及选择权
09:55
will make a huge巨大 difference区别.
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将会带来巨大的不同。
09:57
Now I also said the other principle原理
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今天我还谈到其他的原则:
09:59
that I think we should work on is understanding理解 of people,
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我认为我们应该致力做到的事,理解人民,
10:01
is recognizing认识 that going with the grain粮食 of human人的 nature性质
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认识到顺应人类的天性,
10:05
you can achieve实现 so much more.
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人民可以做到很多事情。
10:07
Now, we're got a huge巨大 revolution革命 in understanding理解
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如今,关于理解人们为什么按他们的方式行为,
10:09
of why people behave表现 in the way that they do,
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我们有了一个巨大的革命,
10:12
and a great opportunity机会 to put that knowledge知识 and information信息 to greater更大 use.
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也有了很好的机会把这些知识和信息加以更好的利用。
10:17
We're working加工 with some of these people.
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我们正在与他们中的一些人合作。
10:19
We're being存在 advised建议 by some of these people, as was said,
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我们正采用他们中的一些人的建议,正如已经说过的,
10:22
to try and bring带来 all the experience经验 to book.
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来尝试把所有这些经验正规化。
10:26
Let me just give you one example that I think is incredibly令人难以置信 simple简单, and I love.
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让我给你们一个我喜爱的例子,我认为它难以置信的简单。
10:30
We want to get people to be more energy能源 efficient高效.
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我们希望人们更加节约能源。
10:32
Why? It cuts削减 fuel汽油 poverty贫穷, it cuts削减 their bills票据,
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为什么?因为这缓解燃油贫乏,这也减少他们的账单,
10:36
and it cuts削减 carbon emissions排放 at the same相同 time.
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同时这还能减少碳排放量。
10:38
How do you do it?
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怎么实现呢?
10:40
Well, we've我们已经 had government政府 information信息 campaigns活动 over the years年份
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嗯,我们过去多年来都有政府的宣传运动,
10:42
when they tell you to switch开关 off the lights灯火 when you leave离开 the home.
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告诉你离开家的时候关掉电灯。
10:45
We even had -- one government政府 minister部长 once一旦 told us to
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我们甚至有过一位政府部长劝告我们
10:48
brush our teeth in the dark黑暗.
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在黑暗中刷牙。
10:50
I don't think they lasted历时 very long.
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我认为这些都没有维持很长时间。
10:52
Look at what this does. This is a simple简单 piece of behavioral行为的 economics经济学.
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再来看这个行为方法的例子。这是行为经济学的一个简单方法。
10:56
The best最好 way to get someone有人 to cut their electricity电力 bill法案
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让人们削减电费的最好办法
10:59
is to show显示 them their own拥有 spending开支,
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是向他们展示他们自己的开支,
11:01
to show显示 them what their neighbors邻居 are spending开支,
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他们邻居的开支,
11:04
and then show显示 what an energy能源 conscious意识 neighbor邻居 is spending开支.
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和有节能意识的邻居的开支。
11:07
That sort分类 of behavioral行为的 economics经济学
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这种行为经济学
11:10
can transform转变 people's人们 behavior行为
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能够改变人们的行为方式,
11:12
in a way that all the bullying欺凌 and all the information信息
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通过一种所有威逼、所有宣传信息
11:15
and all the badgering缠着 from a government政府 cannot不能 possibly或者 achieve实现.
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以及所有来自政府的诱使都不能实现的方式。
11:19
Other examples例子 are recycling回收.
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另一个例子,回收利用。
11:21
We all know we need to recycle回收 more.
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我们都知道我们需要更多的回收利用。
11:23
How do we make it happen发生?
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我们如何做到这一点?
11:25
All the proof证明 from America美国 is that actually其实, if you pay工资 people to recycle回收,
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美国的所有证据表明,事实上,如果你付钱让人民回收利用就可以做到。
11:29
if you give them a carrot胡萝卜 rather than a stick,
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如果你给他们的是胡萝卜而不是大棒,
11:31
you can transform转变 their behavior行为.
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你就能够改变他们的行为方式。
11:34
So what does all this add up to?
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那么,所有这些都意味着什么?
11:36
Here are my two favorite喜爱 U.S. speeches演讲 of the last 50 years年份.
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过去50年里,这是我最喜欢的两个美国演讲。
11:44
Obviously明显, here we have JFKJFK with that incredibly令人难以置信 simple简单
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显而易见地,这有约翰肯尼迪极其简单
11:48
and powerful强大 formulation公式,
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但有力的构想:
11:50
"Ask not what your country国家 can do for you; ask what you can do for your country国家,"
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“不要问国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么”
11:55
an incredibly令人难以置信 noble高贵 sentiment情绪.
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一个令人难以置信的高尚情操。
11:57
But when he made制作 that speech言语, what could you do
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当他做出这个演讲的时候,
12:00
to build建立 the stronger, better society社会?
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你能为创建更强更好的社会做些什么呢?
12:02
You could fight斗争 for your country国家, you could die for your country国家,
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你可以为你的国家战斗,你可以为你的国家牺牲,
12:05
you could serve服务 in your country's civil国内 service服务,
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你可以投身祖国的公共服务,
12:07
but you didn't really have the information信息 and the knowledge知识
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但是你不像现今人们那样,他们因获得信息,知识以及能力
12:11
and the ability能力 to help build建立 the stronger society社会 in the way that you do now.
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从而帮助建设更强大社会。
12:16
And I think an even more wonderful精彩 speech言语,
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我在想,一个更加精彩的演讲,
12:19
which哪一个 I'm going to read a big chunk of,
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我将诵读它的一长段,
12:23
which哪一个 sums总和 up what I said at the beginning开始
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它总结了我在开始时说过的,
12:25
about believing相信 there is more to life than money,
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要相信,生活中有比金钱更重要的东西,
12:28
and more that we should try and measure测量 than money.
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比金钱更应该备加珍惜和衡量的东西。
12:31
And it is Robert罗伯特 Kennedy's肯尼迪 beautiful美丽 description描述
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这是罗伯特肯尼迪就为什么国民生产总值汇编的
12:33
of why gross national国民 product产品 captures捕获 so little:
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涵义如此之少,所做的美妙的形容。
12:36
It "does not allow允许 for the health健康 of our children孩子,
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它“没有考虑到我们孩子的健康、
12:39
the quality质量 of their education教育, or the joy喜悦 of their play.
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没有考虑到他们受教育的质量或者他们游戏的乐趣。
12:42
It does not include包括 the beauty美女 of our poetry诗歌 or the strength强度 of our marriages婚姻,
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它没有包含我们诗歌的美妙、我们婚姻的力量之美,
12:46
the intelligence情报 of our public上市 debate辩论.
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也没有包含我们公开辩论的智慧。
12:48
It measures措施 neither也不 our wit风趣 nor也不 our courage勇气,
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它没有衡量我们的才智和我们的勇气,
12:51
neither也不 our wisdom智慧 nor也不 our learning学习,
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也没有衡量我们的智慧和学识,
12:53
neither也不 our compassion同情 nor也不 our devotion忠诚 to our country国家.
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更没有衡量我们对祖国的赤子之心和奉献。
12:56
It measures措施 everything, in short,
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简单地说,除了那些真正赋予生命意义的东西,
12:58
except that which哪一个 makes品牌 life worthwhile合算."
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它才意味着一切。”
13:01
Again, a sentiment情绪 that was so noble高贵 and beautifully精美 put 40 years年份 ago,
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同样,这个40年前如此高尚和美丽的观点,
13:06
and a beautiful美丽 dream梦想 40 years年份 ago,
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在40年前是个美好的梦想,
13:09
but now with the huge巨大 advances进步 in information信息 technology技术,
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然而现在,随着信息技术的巨大进步,
13:13
with the massive大规模的 changes变化 in behavioral行为的 economics经济学,
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随着行为经济学的大力发展,
13:16
with all that we know about how you advance提前 well-being福利,
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配合着我们所知的让大众提升幸福的所有方法,
13:20
that if we combine结合 those insights见解
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如果我们把这些都联系起来,
13:22
of giving power功率 to people, and using运用 information信息 to make that possible可能,
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把权利赋予人民,使人民可以得到便利信息,
13:26
and using运用 the insight眼光 of going with the grain粮食 of human人的 nature性质,
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再顺应人类本性的洞察力,
13:30
while at the same相同 time, understanding理解 why people behave表现 in the way they do,
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与此同时,理解人们行为方式的原因,
13:34
it is a dream梦想 more easy简单 to realize实现 today今天
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那么40年前那个美丽演说中的梦想
13:38
than it was when it was made制作 in that beautiful美丽 speech言语 40 years年份 ago.
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在今天将是一个更容易实现的理想!
13:42
Thank you.
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谢谢。
13:44
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Xiangyi Kong
Reviewed by Angelia King

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Cameron - Politician
David Cameron is the prime minister of the UK and the leader of the UK's Conservative Party.

Why you should listen

David Cameron became the prime minster of the United Kingdom in May 2010, leading a coalition government (the UK's first since World War II). He was elected leader of the Conservative Party in December 2005, and has been a Member of Parliament for the Witney constituency since 2001. Before he became an MP, he was a Special Adviser  to the Chancellor of the Exchequer and then to the Home Secretary. He took a break to work in media for seven years, then stood for election in 2001 on an agenda of tax-cutting. (During the election, he also wrote a column for the Guardian.) As a new MP, he took several controversial positions, such as coming out in favor of the "harm reduction" drug policy. He became a member of the shadow cabinet (an alternative cabinet to the party in power) in 2003, and two years later became head of the party.

More profile about the speaker
David Cameron | Speaker | TED.com