ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juliana Machado Ferreira - Biologist
Brazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow.

Why you should listen

TED Senior Fellow Juliana Machado Ferreira is pursuing her doctorate in Conservation Genetics at the Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology and Vertebrate Conservation (LABEC) at São Paulo University. Her current project involves developing species-specific molecular markers and population genetics studies of four passerine birds, with the aim to understand the distribution of their genetic variability and to track down the origin of birds seized from illegal trade.

She works closely with the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory, and her ultimate goal is to help set up a Wildlife Forensics Laboratory in Brazil.

Read a Q&A with Juliana on the TED Fellows site >>

More profile about the speaker
Juliana Machado Ferreira | Speaker | TED.com
TED2010

Juliana Machado Ferreira: The fight to end rare-animal trafficking in Brazil

Juliana Machado Ferreira:打击巴西稀有动物走私

Filmed:
372,009 views

生物学家Juliana Machado Ferreira是一位TED Fellow。于此演讲中,她讲述了她是如何保护那些被掠走的动物。当这些动物被救援以后,她则询问:“我们该怎么办?”
- Biologist
Brazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Illegal非法 wildlife野生动物 trade贸易 in Brazil巴西
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非法野生动物买卖
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is one of the major重大的 threats威胁 against反对 our fauna动物区系,
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是危害巴西动物的主要威胁,
00:22
especially特别 birds鸟类,
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尤其是鸟类的买卖,
00:24
and mainly主要 to supply供应 the pet宠物 market市场
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它主要供应给宠物市场。
00:27
with thousands数千 of animals动物 taken采取 from nature性质 every一切 month,
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每个月都有上千的动物从大自然中被掠走,
00:31
and transported far from their origins起源,
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然后被卖到远离故栖的地方,
00:34
to be sold出售 mainly主要 in Rio里约热内卢 de Janeiro里约热内卢 and São Paulo圣保罗.
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它们主要被卖至里约热内卢和圣保罗。
00:38
It is estimated预计 that
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据估计
00:40
all kinds of illegal非法 wildlife野生动物 trade贸易 in Brazil巴西
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巴西的各种非法野生动物买卖
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withdraw收回 from nature性质
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每年会从大自然中掠走
00:45
almost几乎 38 million百万 animals动物 every一切 year,
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大约3千8百万只动物,
00:49
a business商业 worth价值 almost几乎 two billion十亿 dollars美元.
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总价值在20亿美元左右。
00:53
The police警察 intercepts拦截
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警察拦截住
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these huge巨大 cargos货物 with live生活 animals动物,
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那些装着活生生动物的货物
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intended to supply供应 the pet宠物 market市场,
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那些货物本是用于供应宠物市场的
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or they seize抢占 the animals动物 directly from the people's人们 houses房屋,
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或是直接从那些人家里把动物救出来。
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and this is how we end结束 up, every一切 month,
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我们就是这样每个月
01:08
with thousands数千 of seized animals动物.
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拯救成千的被抓走的动物。
01:12
And for us to understand理解 what happens发生 with them,
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对于发生在动物身上的事,我们可以
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we're going to follow跟随 Brad布拉德.
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跟着Brad来理解。
01:18
In the eyes眼睛 of many许多 people,
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在许多人的眼里,
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after the animals动物 are seized,
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在动物被救走后,
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they say, "Yay好极了, justice正义 has been served提供服务.
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他们会说,“耶,正义得到了声张。
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The good guys arrived到达,
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(他们认为)会有好心人
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took the cute可爱, mistreated虐待 animals动物
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带走这些可爱的,受到不公待遇的动物
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from the hands of the evil邪恶 traffickers人贩子,
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从那些罪恶的走私者手中拯救了它们
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and everyone大家 lived生活 happily高高兴兴 ever after."
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之后大家都幸福的生活着。"
01:36
But did they? Actually其实, no,
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但是事实呢? 其实不是这样的。
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and this is where many许多 of our problems问题 begin开始.
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这其实是许多问题的开端。
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Because we have to figure数字 out
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因为我们必须要知道
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what to do with all these animals动物.
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要怎么处理这些动物
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In Brazil巴西, they are usually平时 first sent发送
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在巴西,它们通常是最先运给
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to governmental政府 triage分流 facilities设备,
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政府的分类设施中心的,
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in which哪一个 most of the cases,
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在大部分的情况下,
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the conditions条件 are as bad as
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在分类设施中心中的处境
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with the traffickers人贩子.
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与在走私者处一样糟糕。
01:57
In 2002, these centers中心 received收到
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在2002年,这些中心收到了
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45,000 animals动物,
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45000只动物。
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of which哪一个 37,000 were birds鸟类.
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其中,有37000只是鸟类。
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And the police警察 estimates估计 that we seize抢占
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据估计,警察们拯救了
02:08
only five percent百分 of what's being存在 trafficked贩卖.
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被走私鸟类总额的5%。
02:12
Some lucky幸运 ones那些 -- and among其中 them, Brad布拉德 --
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它们中有以一些幸运儿,比如Brad
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go to serious严重 rehabilitation复原 centers中心 after that.
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在获救后去了康复中心
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And in these places地方 they are cared照顾 for.
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在那里,它们受到了精心照顾。
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They train培养 their flying飞行,
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它们被训练如何飞行。
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they learn学习 how to recognize认识 the food餐饮 they will find in nature性质,
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学习如何在大自然中识别食物。
02:27
and they are able能够 to socialize应酬
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另外,它们也学着社交,
02:29
with others其他 from the same相同 species种类.
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与同一类的其它个体进行交往。
02:31
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:33
But then what?
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但是后来呢?
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The Brazil巴西 Ornithological鸟类 Society社会 --
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巴西野鸟协会,
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so now we're talking only birds鸟类 --
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因为我们现在仅是在讲鸟,
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claims索赔 that we have too little knowledge知识
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这一学会说我们知道的知识太少
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about the species种类 in nature性质.
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对于这些自然的物种我们知道的太少。
02:45
Therefore因此, it would be too risky有风险
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因此,如果放走这些动物的话
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to release发布 these animals动物,
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会太冒险,
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both for the released发布 and for the natural自然 populations人群.
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对于被放走的鸟和自然中本身的鸟都太冒险。
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They also claim要求 that we spend too many许多 resources资源
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这一学会也说,我们浪费了太多的资源
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in their rehabilitation复原.
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在它们的康复上。
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Following以下 this argument论据,
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针对这一说法,
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they suggest建议 that all the birds鸟类
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他们认为全部鸟类
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seized from non-threatened非威胁 species种类
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获救后,如果是来自非受威胁的种类
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should be euthanized安乐死.
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应被执行安乐死。
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However然而, this would mean having killed杀害
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但是,这就意味着
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26,267 birds鸟类,
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26267只鸟将会死亡,
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only in the state of São Paulo圣保罗, only in 2006.
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这仅在2006年的圣保罗。
03:20
But, some researchers研究人员, myself included包括 --
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但是,一些学术研究者,包括我自己,
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some NGOs非政府组织 and some people from the Brazilian巴西人 government政府 --
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还有一些非政府组织和一些来自巴西政府的人
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believe there is an alternative替代.
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都相信还有别的办法。
03:30
We think that if and when the animals动物 meet遇到
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我们认为,如果当动物们符合
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certain某些 criteria标准 concerning关于 their health健康,
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一些健康标准,
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behavior行为, inferred推断 origin起源
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行为,推测出的出生地,
03:39
and whatever随你 we know about the natural自然 populations人群,
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以及任何我们所知的关于自然中的动物的标准时,
03:43
then technically技术上 responsible主管 releases发布 are possible可能,
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技术上来说,将它们负责的释放是可能的。
03:47
both for the well-being福利 of the individual个人,
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不仅是对于个体的幸福安康,
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and for the conservation保护 of the species种类 and their ecosystems生态系统,
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也是对物种和生态系统的保护。
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because we will be returning回国 genes基因 for these populations人群 --
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因为我们将这些物种的血统保留下来了,
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which哪一个 could be important重要 for them
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这对于它们来说十分重要,
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in facing面对 environmental环境的 challenges挑战 --
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尤其在面临环境方面的挑战时。
04:03
and also we could be returning回国
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同时我们也会
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potential潜在 seed种子 dispersers分散, predators大鳄, preys猎物, etc等等.
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将潜在的种子传播者,掠夺者,掠夺品等都放回自然。
04:11
All of these were released发布 by us.
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这些都是我们释放(到大自然)的动物。
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On the top最佳, the turtles海龟 are just enjoying享受 freedom自由.
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最上面,乌龟正享受着自由。
04:15
(Laughter笑声)
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中间的照片是一只鸟,
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On the middle中间,
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在释放后的几周,这只鸟就筑好了巢。
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this guy nested嵌套 a couple一对 of weeks after the release发布.
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最底下是我最喜欢的动物,
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And on the bottom底部, my personal个人 favorite喜爱,
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这只雄鸟,
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the little male over there,
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于他释放后的4小时
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four hours小时 after his release发布
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就找到了一个雌性伴侣。
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he was together一起 with a wild野生 female.
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所以,这已经不是新鲜事了,
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So, this is not new, people have been
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全世界的人都在这么做。
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doing this around the world世界.
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但在巴西,这仍是一件大事。
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But it's still a big issue问题 in Brazil巴西.
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我们认为,我们采取了
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We believe we have performed执行
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负责的释放。
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responsible主管 releases发布.
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我们记录下了那些被我们释放且于自然中进行交配的动物,
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We've我们已经 registered注册 released发布 animals动物 mating交配 in nature性质
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它们都有了小雏鸟。
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and having chicks小鸡.
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所以,这些动物的确是要回到自然中去的。
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So, these genes基因 are indeed确实 going back to the populations人群.
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尽管这仅仅还是少数
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However然而 this is still a minority少数民族
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因为我们在这方面的知识太少。
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for the very lack缺乏 of knowledge知识.
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所以,让我们多学一点,让我们多关注这件事情。
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So, I say, "Let's study研究 more, let's shed light on this issue问题,
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让我们尽我们所能。
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let's do whatever随你 we can."
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我正在以此作为我的事业。
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I'm devoting费尽 my career事业 to that.
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我在这你呼吁在座的每一位
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And I'm here to urge敦促 each and every一切 one of you
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都要尽你们所能,
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to do whatever随你 is in your reach达到:
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告诉你们的邻居,教育你们的小孩,
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Talk to your neighbor邻居, teach your children孩子,
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确保你们的宠物来自合法途径。
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make sure your pet宠物 is from a legal法律 breeder饲养员.
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我们要行动起来,现在就要开始行动,
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We need to act法案, and act法案 now,
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在这些动物灭绝之前。
05:20
before these ones那些 are the only ones那些 left.
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非常感谢.
05:23
Thank you very much.
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(掌声)
05:25
(Applause掌声)
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Translated by sun ruyu
Reviewed by Chaoran Yu

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juliana Machado Ferreira - Biologist
Brazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow.

Why you should listen

TED Senior Fellow Juliana Machado Ferreira is pursuing her doctorate in Conservation Genetics at the Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology and Vertebrate Conservation (LABEC) at São Paulo University. Her current project involves developing species-specific molecular markers and population genetics studies of four passerine birds, with the aim to understand the distribution of their genetic variability and to track down the origin of birds seized from illegal trade.

She works closely with the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory, and her ultimate goal is to help set up a Wildlife Forensics Laboratory in Brazil.

Read a Q&A with Juliana on the TED Fellows site >>

More profile about the speaker
Juliana Machado Ferreira | Speaker | TED.com