ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lewis Pugh - Coldwater swimmer
Pushing his body through epic cold-water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh wants to draw attention to our global climate. He's just back from swimming in a meltwater lake on the slopes of Mount Everest.

Why you should listen

Lewis Gordon Pugh loves to pioneer new swimming routes around or between landmarks once thought unswimmable. In 2006, he swam the drought-stricken Thames; also that year he became the first swimmer to do a long-distance swim in all five oceans of the world. The following year, he made the first long-distance swim across the North Pole -- where climate change made the ice temporarily disappear. Heading into the second decade of his swimming career, he's regarded as the greatest cold-water swimmer in history.

His swims have given him a sea-level view of our planet, and inspired him to do his bit to help preserve it. He left a career in maritime law to become a public speaker on environmental issues with his group, Polar Defence Project -- and of course to plan more astonishing swims and treks. In September 2008, Pugh and Robbie Hedgus kayaked across the Arctic Ocean into the polar ice pack, to raise awareness of the thinning sea ice and the dangers of climate change in the Arctic and across the world. And at the end of May 2010 he swam 1 kilometer across Pumori, a meltwater lake situated next to the Khumbu Glacier on Mount Everest, at an altitude of 5300 meters, to draw attention to the melting of the Asian glaciers. He completed the swim -- the highest any person has undertaken -- in less than 23 minutes. "Glaciers are not just ice: they are a lifeline, they provide water to 2 billion people, and we need to protect them," he says.

More profile about the speaker
Lewis Pugh | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2010

Lewis Pugh: My mind-shifting Everest swim

Lewis Pugh游过珠峰的心态转变

Filmed:
1,201,376 views

当他游过北极后,Lewis Pugh发誓他再也不会在跳入冷水里。然后,他听说了珠穆朗玛峰的映佳湖 -- 一个整个湖水是由冰川融化的在5300米高度的湖面--这里不仅仅教授了他一种新的游泳态度,也教授了他对待气候变暖的新态度。
- Coldwater swimmer
Pushing his body through epic cold-water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh wants to draw attention to our global climate. He's just back from swimming in a meltwater lake on the slopes of Mount Everest. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Last year when I was here, I was speaking请讲 to you about a swim游泳
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去年,当我站在这里的时候,我在谈论我横跨
00:18
which哪一个 I did across横过 the North Pole.
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北极的游泳。
00:21
And while that swim游泳 took place地点 three years年份 ago,
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那还是发生在3年前,
00:23
I can remember记得 it as if it was yesterday昨天.
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对我则好像是昨天一般。
00:26
I remember记得 standing常设 on the edge边缘 of the ice,
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我还记得我站在冰层的边缘,
00:29
about to dive潜水 into the water,
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就要扎进水里,
00:31
and thinking思维 to myself, I have never ever
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然后我自己想到,我再也再也
00:34
seen看到 any place地点 on this earth地球
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不要看到地球上的这个地方,
00:36
which哪一个 is just so frightening可怕的.
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这里是如此的让人恐惧。
00:38
The water is completely全然 black黑色.
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那里的水是全黑色。
00:40
The water is minus减去 1.7 degrees centigrade摄氏,
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水的温度是负1.7摄氏度,
00:43
or 29 degrees Fahrenheit飞轮海.
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华氏29度。
00:46
It's flipping翻转 freezing冷冻 in that water.
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那水里就是翻动的冰块。
00:49
And then a thought came来了 across横过 my mind心神:
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然后一个念头在我脑中划过:
00:52
if things go pear-shaped梨形 on this swim游泳,
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如果这场泳出了点问题,
00:55
how long will it take for my frozen冻结的 body身体
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我这冰冻的身体要花多长时间
00:58
to sink水槽 the four and a half kilometers公里
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才能沉到这
01:00
to the bottom底部 of the ocean海洋?
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4500米的底部呢?
01:02
And then I said to myself, I've just got to get this thought
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然后我告诫我自己,我要把这个念头尽快的
01:04
out of my mind心神 as quickly很快 as possible可能.
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抛在我的脑后。
01:06
And the only way I can dive潜水
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能让我扎入
01:08
into that freezing冷冻 cold water
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这冰冷的水里
01:10
and swim游泳 a kilometer公里
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然后游了4千米的唯一方法就是
01:12
is by listening to my iPodiPod的 and really revving上窜 myself up,
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听着我的iPod,让我自己全力运转起来,
01:15
listening to everything from beautiful美丽 opera歌剧
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我听了所有的歌,从华丽的歌剧
01:18
all the way across横过 to Puff Daddy,
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到吹牛老爹,
01:21
and then committing提交 myself a hundred percent百分 --
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然后全身心的投入
01:23
there is nothing more powerful强大 than the made-up捏造 mind心神 --
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没有什么比下定决心还要厉害的 --
01:26
and then walking步行 up to the edge边缘 of the ice
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然后走到冰的边缘
01:29
and just diving潜水 into the water.
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扎入水里。
01:31
And that swim游泳 took me
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这次游泳花了我
01:33
18 minutes分钟 and 50 seconds,
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18分50秒,
01:35
and it felt like 18 days.
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但好像是18天一样。
01:37
And I remember记得 getting得到 out of the water
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我记得当我从水里出来时
01:39
and my hands feeling感觉 so painful痛苦
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我的手时如此的疼痛
01:41
and looking down at my fingers手指,
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然后我看着我的手指,
01:43
and my fingers手指 were literally按照字面 the size尺寸 of sausages香肠
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我的手指真的像香肠一样粗
01:46
because -- you know, we're made制作 partially部分 of water --
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因为--你们知道了,我们身体一部分由水组成 --
01:49
when water freezes冻结 it expands展开,
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当水结冰时会膨胀,
01:51
and so the cells细胞 in my fingers手指
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这样我手指的里细胞
01:53
had frozen冻结的 and expanded扩大
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就冷冻了,膨胀了
01:55
and burst爆裂.
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炸裂了。
01:57
And the most immediate即时 thought when I came来了 out of that water
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我从水里上岸的一瞬间的想法
01:59
was the following以下:
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时这样的:
02:01
I'm never, ever
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我一生中
02:03
going to do another另一个 cold water swim游泳
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再也再也不要去在冰冷的
02:06
in my life again.
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水里游泳了。
02:09
Anyway无论如何, last year, I heard听说 about the Himalayas喜马拉雅山
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就这样,去年,我听到了喜马拉雅山
02:12
and the melting融化 of the -- (Laughter笑声)
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以及那里融化的--(笑)
02:14
and the melting融化 of the glaciers冰川
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因为气候变化
02:16
because of climate气候 change更改.
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所融化的冰川。
02:18
I heard听说 about this lake, Lake Imja伊姆扎.
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我听说了这个湖泊,映佳湖。
02:21
This lake has been formed形成 in the last couple一对 of years年份
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这个湖是几年前
02:24
because of the melting融化 of the glacier冰川.
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由于冰川融化所形成的。
02:26
The glacier's冰川的 gone走了 all the way up the mountain
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这些冰川顺山而下
02:28
and left in its place地点 this big lake.
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然后在这里留下了这个大湖。
02:31
And I firmly牢牢 believe
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由此我坚信
02:33
that what we're seeing眼看 in the Himalayas喜马拉雅山
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我要去看见的喜马拉雅
02:35
is the next下一个 great, big battleground战场
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就是我下一个在地球上的
02:37
on this earth地球.
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战场。
02:39
Nearly几乎 two billion十亿 people --
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将近20亿的人口 --
02:41
so one in three people on this earth地球 --
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世界上三分之一的地球人口 --
02:43
rely依靠 on the water from the Himalayas喜马拉雅山.
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依靠着喜马拉雅山的水源。
02:46
And with a population人口 increasing增加 as quickly很快 as it is,
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而世界人口照这个速度发展下去,
02:49
and with the water supply供应 from these glaciers冰川 --
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而冰川水源的提供 --
02:51
because of climate气候 change更改 --
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由于气候的变化 --
02:53
decreasing减少 so much,
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下降的如此之快,
02:55
I think we have a real真实 risk风险 of instability不稳定.
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我像我们就有了一个十分不稳定的威胁。
02:57
North, you've got China中国; south, you've India印度, Pakistan巴基斯坦, Bangladesh孟加拉国,
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北方,我们由中国;南方,我们有印度,巴基斯坦,孟加拉,
03:00
all these countries国家.
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和其它所有国家。
03:02
And so I decided决定
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这样我决定了
03:04
to walk步行 up to Mt公吨. Everest珠峰,
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登上珠峰,
03:06
the highest最高 mountain on this earth地球,
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地球上的最高峰,
03:08
and go and do a symbolic象征 swim游泳
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如何在珠峰下
03:10
underneath the summit首脑
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游一次
03:12
of Mt公吨. Everest珠峰.
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具有象征意义的泳。
03:14
Now, I don't know if any of you have had the opportunity机会 to go to Mt公吨. Everest珠峰,
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我不知道,你们是否有机会去珠峰,
03:17
but it's quite相当 an ordeal考验 getting得到 up there.
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但是要去那的话,是一个考验。
03:20
28 great, big, powerful强大 yaks牦牛
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28只巨大的牦牛
03:22
carrying携带 all the equipment设备 up onto this mountain --
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载着所有的仪器登上山峰 --
03:25
I don't just have my Speedo斯皮,
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我不仅仅带这我的泳裤。
03:27
but there's a big film电影 crew船员 who then
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还有一个摄像团队
03:29
send发送 all the images图片 around the world世界.
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这个摄像团队,会向世界各地直播。
03:32
The other thing which哪一个 was so challenging具有挑战性的 about this swim游泳
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这次游泳的挑战不仅仅只有
03:35
is not just the altitude高度.
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海拔。
03:37
I wanted to do the swim游泳 at 5,300 meters above以上 sea level水平.
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我想做的是在5300米的海平面上游泳。
03:40
So it's right up in the heavens.
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所以直达天堂。
03:42
It's very, very difficult to breath呼吸. You get altitude高度 sickness疾病.
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这里呼吸十分,十分困难。你会有高原反应。
03:45
I feels感觉 like you've got a man standing常设 behind背后 you with a hammer锤子
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你会感到有一个人不停的那着一把锤子
03:48
just hitting your head all the time.
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在敲你的后脑勺。
03:50
That's not the worst最差 part部分 of it.
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这还不是最差的。
03:52
The worst最差 part部分 was this year was the year where they decided决定
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最糟糕的是,这一年他们决定
03:54
to do a big cleanup清理 operation手术 on Mt公吨. Everest珠峰.
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在珠峰上做一个大扫除。
03:57
Many许多, many许多 people have died死亡 on Mt公吨. Everest珠峰,
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许多人死在珠峰上,
04:00
and this was the year they decided决定 to go
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然后今年,他们决定
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and recover恢复 all the bodies身体 of the mountaineers登山
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收回珠峰上所有的尸体
04:04
and then bring带来 them down the mountain.
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然后把他们带下山。
04:07
And when you're walking步行 up the mountain
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而当你想上山
04:09
to attempt尝试 to do something
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做一些事情
04:11
which哪一个 no human人的 has ever doneDONE before, and, in fact事实, no fish --
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一些没有人做过的事情,事实上,鱼都没游过。
04:14
there are no fish up there swimming游泳的 at 5,300 meters --
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在5300米的海拔高度上,没有任何鱼在那里游过。
04:17
When you're trying to do that,
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当你尝试着去做这些事情,
04:19
and then the bodies身体 are coming未来 past过去 you,
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然后你看到这些尸体和你擦肩而过,
04:21
it humbles谦卑 you,
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这让人不禁有些气馁,
04:23
and you also realize实现 very, very clearly明确地
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也让你就会清晰的认识到
04:25
that nature性质 is so much more powerful强大
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自然比我们要
04:28
than we are.
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强大多了。
04:30
And we walked up this pathway,
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然后我们就沿着这条路
04:32
all the way up.
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一直走上去。
04:34
And to the right hand side of us
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然后在我们的右手边
04:36
was this great Khumbu昆布 Glacier冰川.
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是巨大的昆布冰川。
04:38
And all the way along沿 the glacier冰川 we saw
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然后,我们在沿路经过所看到的冰川的
04:40
these big pools of melting融化 ice.
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都是一大块融化的冰块。
04:43
And then we got up to this small lake
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然后我们到达在珠峰下
04:46
underneath the summit首脑 of Mt公吨. Everest珠峰,
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的一个小湖这
04:48
and I prepared准备 myself
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然后我开始准备自己,
04:50
the same相同 way as I've always prepared准备 myself,
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像往常一样准备自己,
04:52
for this swim游泳 which哪一个 was going to be so very difficult.
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因为这样的游泳方式会是十分艰难的。
04:54
I put on my iPodiPod的, I listened听了 to some music音乐,
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我带上我的iPod, 我听听歌,
04:57
I got myself as aggressive侵略性 as possible可能 --
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我让我能有多激奋就多激奋--
04:59
but controlled受控 aggression侵略 --
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但是是可以控制的激奋 --
05:01
and then I hurled投掷 myself
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然后我把我自己扎进
05:03
into that water.
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水里。
05:05
I swam as quickly很快 as I could
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我尽力的游着
05:08
for the first hundred meters,
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最起码在前一百米,
05:10
and then I realized实现 very, very quickly很快,
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然后,我突然意识到,
05:12
I had a huge巨大 problem问题 on my hands.
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我面临一个巨大的问题。
05:14
I could barely仅仅 breathe呼吸.
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我几乎不能呼吸。
05:16
I was gasping喘气 for air空气.
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我喘了一口气。
05:18
I then began开始 to choke,
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然后我开始呛水了,
05:20
and then it quickly很快 led to me vomiting呕吐 in the water.
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这导致我在水里呕吐。
05:23
And it all happened发生 so quickly很快:
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这一切发生的如此之快
05:26
I then -- I don't know how it happened发生 -- but I went underwater水下.
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然后 -- 我不知到是怎么发生的 -- 但是我沉入水底。
05:29
And luckily, the water was quite相当 shallow,
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但幸运的是,水比较的浅,
05:32
and I was able能够 to push myself off the bottom底部 of the lake
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我可以从湖底跳起来
05:35
and get up and then take another另一个 gasp喘气 of air空气.
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然后喘另一口气。
05:38
And then I said, carry携带 on. Carry携带 on. Carry携带 on.
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然后我说道,坚持,坚持,坚持。
05:40
I carried携带的 on for another另一个 five or six strokes,
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我继续划了五到六下水,
05:43
and then I had nothing in my body身体,
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然后我就筋疲力尽了,
05:46
and I went down to the bottom底部 of the lake.
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我沉入湖底。
05:48
And I don't where I got it from,
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但是我不知从哪来的力气,
05:50
but I was able能够 to somehow不知何故
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我可以就这样
05:52
pull myself up and as quickly很快 as possible可能
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把自己从湖底以最快的速度
05:55
get to the side of the lake.
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弄到湖的岸边。
05:58
I've heard听说 it said that drowning溺死
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我听说过溺水
06:00
is the most peaceful平静的 death死亡 that you can have.
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是你可以死的最安详的方式。
06:03
I have never, ever heard听说
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我从来没有听过
06:05
such这样 utter说出 bollocks胡说.
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这样的胡说八道。
06:07
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑)
06:09
It is the most frightening可怕的 and panicky恐慌 feeling感觉
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这是你们所感受过的
06:12
that you can have.
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最恐惧,最惊慌的感觉。
06:14
I got myself to the side of the lake.
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我把我自己拽到湖岸。
06:16
My crew船员 grabbed抓起 me,
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我的队友抓住了我,
06:18
and then we walked as quickly很快 as we could
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然后我们以最快的速度
06:20
down -- over the rubble瓦砾 --
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下山--在碎石中--
06:22
down to our camp.
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到达我们的营地。
06:24
And there, we satSAT down,
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在那里,我们坐下来,
06:26
and we did a debrief听取汇报 about what had gone走了 wrong错误
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然后我们做了一下在珠峰
06:29
there on Mt公吨. Everest珠峰.
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哪里出错的报告。
06:31
And my team球队 just gave it to me straight直行.
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然后我的队员直接告诉我。
06:34
They said, Lewis刘易斯, you need to have
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他们说道,Lewis, 你要有一个
06:36
a radical激进 tactical战术 shift转移
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剧烈的战术变化
06:39
if you want to do this swim游泳.
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如果你想完成这个游泳。
06:41
Every一切 single thing which哪一个 you have learned学到了
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你必须忘掉
06:43
in the past过去 23 years年份 of swimming游泳的,
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在23年里所学到的游泳
06:45
you must必须 forget忘记.
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里所有的东西。
06:47
Every一切 single thing which哪一个 you learned学到了
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以及忘掉你在英国部队里
06:49
when you were serving服务 in the British英国的 army军队,
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所学习的,
06:51
about speed速度 and aggression侵略,
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关于那些速度和激奋,
06:53
you put that to one side.
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你要先放在一旁。
06:55
We want you to walk步行 up the hill爬坡道 in another另一个 two days'天' time.
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我们想让你花两天走上山。
06:58
Take some time to rest休息 and think about things.
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花点时间休息和思考。
07:01
We want you to walk步行 up the mountain in two days'天' time,
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我们想让你花两天走上山。
07:04
and instead代替 of swimming游泳的 fast快速,
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不要游的太快,
07:07
swim游泳 as slowly慢慢地 as possible可能.
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但是慢慢的游。
07:09
Instead代替 of swimming游泳的 crawl爬行, swim游泳 breaststroke蛙泳.
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不用自由泳,但是用蛙泳。
07:12
And remember记得, never ever swim游泳 with aggression侵略.
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然后记住,不要游太激奋。
07:15
This is the time to swim游泳
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是时候谦逊地
07:17
with real真实 humility谦逊.
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去游泳了。
07:19
And so we walked back up
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所以我们又走了回去
07:21
to the mountain two days later后来.
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两天后回到山峰下。
07:23
And I stood站在 there
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我站在那
07:25
on the edge边缘 of the lake,
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在湖的边缘,
07:27
and I looked看着 up at Mt公吨. Everest珠峰 --
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然后望向珠峰 --
07:29
and she is one of the most beautiful美丽 mountains on the earth地球 --
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她是地球上最美丽的山峰之一 --
07:32
and I said to myself, just do this slowly慢慢地.
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我就像这样慢慢的对我自己说道。
07:35
And I swam across横过 the lake.
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然后我游过了这个湖泊。
07:37
And I can't begin开始 to tell you
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我无法告诉你们
07:39
how good I felt
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当我到达湖的另一边时
07:41
when I came来了 to the other side.
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我感觉有多好。
07:43
But I learned学到了 two very, very
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但是我从珠峰学习到两个十分,十分
07:45
important重要 lessons教训 there on Mt公吨. Everest珠峰,
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重要的教训。
07:48
and I thank my team球队 of Sherpas夏尔巴人 who taught me this.
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我十分感谢我队伍中的夏尔巴告诉了我这些。
07:51
The first one is
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第一个就是
07:53
that just because something has worked工作 in the past过去 so well,
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一个事情无论原来是怎样的,
07:56
doesn't mean it's going to work in the future未来.
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并不代表在未来就会怎样。
07:59
And similarly同样,
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相同的,
08:01
now, before I do anything,
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现在,在我做一件事情之前,
08:03
I ask myself what type类型 of mindset心态
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我问到我自己,我需要
08:05
do I require要求
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怎样的一种态度
08:07
to successfully顺利 complete完成 a task任务.
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才能成功的完成我的任务。
08:10
And taking服用 that into the world世界 of climate气候 change更改 --
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然后这样来想一想气候变化,
08:13
which哪一个 is, frankly坦率地说,
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那是,说实话,
08:15
the Mt公吨. Everest珠峰 of all problems问题 --
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珠峰和其他所有的问题--
08:17
just because we've我们已经 lived生活 the way we have lived生活 for so long,
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不能因为我们已经像这样生活了这么长时间,
08:20
just because we have consumed消费 the way we have for so long
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不能因为我们已经像这样消费了那么长时间
08:23
and populated人口稠密 the earth地球 the way we have for so long,
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不能因为我们像这样人口增长了这么长时间,
08:26
doesn't mean that we can carry携带 on
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就意味着我们可以这样像
08:28
the way we are carrying携带 on.
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以往一样坚持下去。
08:30
The warning警告 signs迹象 are all there.
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警告信号就在那。
08:33
When I was born天生, the world's世界 population人口
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当我出生时,世界的人口
08:35
was 3.5 billion十亿 people.
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只有35亿。
08:37
We're now 6.8 billion十亿 people,
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现在有68亿
08:40
and we're expected预期 to be 9 billion十亿 people
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然后我们预计在2050年有
08:42
by 2050.
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90亿。
08:44
And then the second第二 lesson,
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这里就有第二个教训,
08:46
the radical激进, tactical战术 shift转移.
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剧烈的战术改变。
08:48
And I've come here to ask you today今天:
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我今天来到这里问你们:
08:51
what radical激进 tactical战术 shift转移
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你在你的环境里
08:54
can you take in your relationship关系 to the environment环境,
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能做出怎样的剧烈的战术转变
08:57
which哪一个 will ensure确保
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才能保证
08:59
that our children孩子 and our grandchildren孙子
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我们的子孙
09:01
live生活 in a safe安全 world世界
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能居住在一个安全的
09:03
and a secure安全 world世界,
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一个保险的世界,
09:05
and most importantly重要的, in a sustainable可持续发展 world世界?
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最重要的是,一个可持续发展的世界?
09:08
And I ask you, please, to go away from here
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然后我要求你,请你们,从这里出发
09:10
and think about that one
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然后想象
09:12
radical激进 tactical战术 shift转移
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你要做怎样的
09:14
which哪一个 you could make,
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激进的战术变化,
09:16
which哪一个 will make that big difference区别,
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才能做出巨大的改变,
09:18
and then commit承诺 a hundred percent百分 to doing it.
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如何下定决心去做。
09:21
Blog博客 about it, tweet鸣叫 about it, talk about it,
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些关于这些变化的博客,微博,谈论一下,
09:24
and commit承诺 a hundred percent百分,
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然后全身心投入。
09:26
because very, very few少数 things
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因为如果我们
09:28
are impossible不可能 to achieve实现
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全身心投入,只有很少事情
09:30
if we really put our whole整个 minds头脑 to it.
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是不可能的。
09:32
So thank you very, very much.
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所以,十分感谢你们。
09:34
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Halei Liu
Reviewed by Zhu Jie

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lewis Pugh - Coldwater swimmer
Pushing his body through epic cold-water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh wants to draw attention to our global climate. He's just back from swimming in a meltwater lake on the slopes of Mount Everest.

Why you should listen

Lewis Gordon Pugh loves to pioneer new swimming routes around or between landmarks once thought unswimmable. In 2006, he swam the drought-stricken Thames; also that year he became the first swimmer to do a long-distance swim in all five oceans of the world. The following year, he made the first long-distance swim across the North Pole -- where climate change made the ice temporarily disappear. Heading into the second decade of his swimming career, he's regarded as the greatest cold-water swimmer in history.

His swims have given him a sea-level view of our planet, and inspired him to do his bit to help preserve it. He left a career in maritime law to become a public speaker on environmental issues with his group, Polar Defence Project -- and of course to plan more astonishing swims and treks. In September 2008, Pugh and Robbie Hedgus kayaked across the Arctic Ocean into the polar ice pack, to raise awareness of the thinning sea ice and the dangers of climate change in the Arctic and across the world. And at the end of May 2010 he swam 1 kilometer across Pumori, a meltwater lake situated next to the Khumbu Glacier on Mount Everest, at an altitude of 5300 meters, to draw attention to the melting of the Asian glaciers. He completed the swim -- the highest any person has undertaken -- in less than 23 minutes. "Glaciers are not just ice: they are a lifeline, they provide water to 2 billion people, and we need to protect them," he says.

More profile about the speaker
Lewis Pugh | Speaker | TED.com