ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David McCandless - Data journalist
David McCandless draws beautiful conclusions from complex datasets -- thus revealing unexpected insights into our world.

Why you should listen

David McCandless makes infographics -- simple, elegant ways to see information that might be too complex or too big, small, abstract or scattered to otherwise be grasped. In his new book, Information Is Beautiful (in the US, it's being called The Visual Miscellaneum), McCandless and his cadre of info designers take a spin through the world of visualized data, from hard stats on politics and climate to daffy but no less important trends in pop music.

McCandless' genius is not so much in finding jazzy new ways to show data -- the actual graphics aren't the real innovation here -- as in finding fresh ways to combine datasets to let them ping and prod each other. Reporting the number of drug deaths in the UK every year is interesting; but mapping that data onto the number of drug deaths reported by the UK press, broken down by drug, is utterly fascinating (more deaths by marijuana were reported than in fact occurred, by a factor of 484%). McCandless contributes a monthly big-think graphic to the Guardian's Data Blog, and makes viral graphics for his blog Information Is Beautiful.

More profile about the speaker
David McCandless | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2010

David McCandless: The beauty of data visualization

David McCandless: 数据视觉化的美丽之处

Filmed:
3,250,094 views

David McCandless把世界范围的武装开销,媒体的炒作,Facebook上状态更新以及更多的复杂数据变成了漂亮又简单的图表.他主张我们利用信息设计来导航今天供过于求的信息,帮助我们找到特殊的规律和联系,而这一切将有可能改变我们看待世界的方式.
- Data journalist
David McCandless draws beautiful conclusions from complex datasets -- thus revealing unexpected insights into our world. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
It feels感觉 like we're all suffering痛苦
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我们好像总是被超负荷的信息
00:17
from information信息 overload超载 or data数据 glut充斥.
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和过多的数据折磨.
00:20
And the good news新闻 is there might威力 be an easy简单 solution to that,
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好消息是也许我们能有种办法解决这个问题,
00:22
and that's using运用 our eyes眼睛 more.
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那就是更多的用我们的眼睛.
00:24
So, visualizing可视化 information信息, so that we can see
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把信息视觉化,我们就能看出
00:26
the patterns模式 and connections连接 that matter
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其中的规律和联系
00:29
and then designing设计 that information信息 so it makes品牌 more sense,
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然后再设计这些信息,让它更能有意义,
00:32
or it tells告诉 a story故事,
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或者让它来说明一个故事,
00:34
or allows允许 us to focus焦点 only on the information信息 that's important重要.
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或者让我们能只关注那些重要的信息.
00:38
Failing失败 that, visualized可视化 information信息 can just look really cool.
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如果不能做到这一点,至少视觉化的信息看起来特别酷.
00:41
So, let's see.
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让我们来看看.
00:45
This is the $Billion十亿 Dollar美元 o-Gram邻克,
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这是十亿美元图,
00:47
and this image图片 arose出现
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我在看到媒体的十亿美元的报道时
00:49
out of frustration挫折 I had
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很沮丧,
00:51
with the reporting报告 of billion-dollar十亿美元 amounts in the press.
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于是我就画了这幅图.
00:53
That is, they're meaningless无意义的 without context上下文:
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如果没有文字辅助,它是没意义的.
00:56
500 billion十亿 for this pipeline管道,
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五千亿用于运输管道的建设
00:58
20 billion十亿 for this war战争.
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二百亿用于战争.
01:00
It doesn't make any sense, so the only way to understand理解 it
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这样并不能说明问题,所以唯一能理解它的方法
01:02
is visually视觉 and relatively相对.
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就是视觉化,相关化.
01:04
So I scraped a load加载 of reported报道 figures人物
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所以我从不同的信息渠道
01:06
from various各个 news新闻 outlets网点
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收集了很多报道的数据
01:08
and then scaled缩放 the boxes盒子 according根据 to those amounts.
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然后根据数量画出了这些方框.
01:11
And the colors颜色 here represent代表 the motivation动机 behind背后 the money.
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颜色代表了这部分钱的用途.
01:14
So purple紫色 is "fighting战斗,"
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紫色代表战乱
01:17
and red is "giving money away," and green绿色 is "profiteering暴利."
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红色是把钱捐赠出去,绿色代表牟取暴利.
01:20
And what you can see straight直行 away
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你能直接看出来的是
01:22
is you start开始 to have a different不同 relationship关系 to the numbers数字.
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你开始和这些数字有了不同的关系.
01:24
You can literally按照字面 see them.
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你能真正的看见它们了.
01:26
But more importantly重要的, you start开始 to see
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但更重要的是,你能开始看到
01:28
patterns模式 and connections连接 between之间 numbers数字
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这些数字中的规律和联系了
01:30
that would otherwise除此以外 be scattered疏散 across横过 multiple news新闻 reports报告.
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如果不通过画图,这些信息都将只能散落在不同的新闻报道中.
01:33
Let me point out some that I really like.
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让我来讲讲我很喜欢的一个例子.
01:36
This is OPEC's欧佩克 revenue收入, this green绿色 box here --
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这是石油输出国组织的财政收益,绿色的方格这里
01:38
780 billion十亿 a year.
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是7800亿每年.
01:40
And this little pixel像素 in the corner -- three billion十亿 --
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这个角落里的小像素是三十个亿
01:43
that's their climate气候 change更改 fund基金.
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这是他们的气候变化基金.
01:46
Americans美国人, incredibly令人难以置信 generous慷慨 people --
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美国,这个特别慷慨的国家
01:48
over 300 billion十亿 a year, donated捐赠 to charity慈善机构 every一切 year,
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每年捐赠多于3000个亿
01:51
compared相比 with the amount of foreign国外 aid援助
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相比于其它17个工业化最发达的国家
01:53
given特定 by the top最佳 17 industrialized工业化 nations国家
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一共对外捐出的
01:55
at 120 billion十亿.
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1200亿.
01:57
Then of course课程,
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当然,
01:59
the Iraq伊拉克 War战争, predicted预料到的 to cost成本 just 60 billion十亿
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在2003年的预算中
02:01
back in 2003.
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伊拉克战争只要花掉600亿
02:04
And it mushroomed雨后春笋 slightly. Afghanistan阿富汗 and Iraq伊拉克 mushroomed雨后春笋 now
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这项实际的花销比预算稍多了一点, 但阿富汗战争的投入
02:07
to 3,000 billion十亿.
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迅速增加到了3万亿.
02:10
So now it's great
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现在就很方便了,
02:12
because now we have this texture质地, and we can add numbers数字 to it as well.
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因为我们有了这个结构,我们还能往里面加数字.
02:14
So we could say, well, a new figure数字 comes out ... let's see African非洲人 debt债务.
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我们能说一个新的图形出现了.....让我们来看下非洲的债务.
02:17
How much of this diagram do you think might威力 be taken采取 up
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你们认为在这张图里非洲
02:19
by the debt债务 that Africa非洲 owes to the West西?
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欠西方国家的债务能占多大比例呢?
02:21
Let's take a look.
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我们来看一看.
02:23
So there it is:
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这就是了.
02:25
227 billion十亿 is what Africa非洲 owes.
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非洲的债务一共是二千二百七十亿.
02:27
And the recent最近 financial金融 crisis危机,
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最近的这场金融危机--
02:29
how much of this diagram might威力 that figure数字 take up?
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在这张图里能占多大的比例呢?
02:31
What has that cost成本 the world世界? Let's take a look at that.
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这场危机又给世界带来了多大损失呢?让我们来看这里.
02:34
DoooshDooosh -- Which哪一个 I think is the appropriate适当 sound声音 effect影响
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Doosh(拟声词,相似于"哇"),我想应该是配合这么多钱
02:37
for that much money:
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的恰当的声音效果.
02:39
11,900 billion十亿.
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十一万九千个亿.
02:45
So, by visualizing可视化 this information信息,
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所以,通过视觉化这些信息,
02:47
we turned转身 it into a landscape景观
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我们把它们转化成了一个直观景象
02:49
that you can explore探索 with your eyes眼睛,
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这样你就能只通过眼睛探索,
02:51
a kind of map地图 really, a sort分类 of information信息 map地图.
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真的类似于一个地图,一种信息的地图.
02:53
And when you're lost丢失 in information信息,
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当你在信息里迷失的时候,
02:55
an information信息 map地图 is kind of useful有用.
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这样的地图是很有帮助的.
02:58
So I want to show显示 you another另一个 landscape景观 now.
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我现在想展示另一番景象.
03:00
We need to imagine想像 what a landscape景观
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我们来想象下世界的恐惧会是
03:02
of the world's世界 fears恐惧 might威力 look like.
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什么样的一番景象.
03:05
Let's take a look.
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让我们来看一下.
03:07
This is Mountains Out of MolehillsMolehills,
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这是摩尔山之外的一座"山",
03:09
a timeline时间线 of global全球 media媒体 panic恐慌.
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是全球医疗恐惧的时间线.
03:11
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:13
So, I'll label标签 this for you in a second第二.
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我等下会把这些标记出来.
03:15
But the height高度 here, I want to point out,
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但我想指出这里的高度
03:17
is the intensity强度 of certain某些 fears恐惧
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是媒体报道里
03:19
as reported报道 in the media媒体.
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人们的恐惧程度.
03:21
Let me point them out.
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让我来指出来.
03:23
So this, swine flu流感 -- pink.
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这里,猪流感,标记成粉色.
03:27
Bird flu流感.
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禽流感.
03:29
SARSSARS -- brownish呈褐色的 here. Remember记得 that one?
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非典--棕色一样的颜色.记住这一条.
03:32
The millennium千年 bug窃听器,
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千禧虫--
03:35
terrible可怕 disaster灾害.
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可怕的灾难.
03:37
These little green绿色 peaks
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这些小的绿色的峰
03:39
are asteroid小行星 collisions碰撞.
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是对小行星碰撞的恐惧.
03:41
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:43
And in summer夏季, here, killer凶手 wasps黄蜂.
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夏天的时候,这点是对杀人蜂的恐惧.
03:45
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:53
So these are what our fears恐惧 look like
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所以这就是媒体描述里
03:55
over time in our media媒体.
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我们的恐惧"长的模样",
03:57
But what I love -- and I'm a journalist记者 --
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但我最喜欢的是--我是个记者--
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and what I love is finding发现 hidden patterns模式; I love being存在 a data数据 detective侦探.
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我最喜欢的是找出隐藏着的规律. 我喜欢做个数据侦探.
04:02
And there's a very interesting有趣 and odd pattern模式 hidden in this data数据
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而且这些数据里有很有趣又很奇怪的规律
04:05
that you can only see when you visualize想象 it.
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你只能通过视觉化数据才能看出这些规律.
04:07
Let me highlight突出 it for you.
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我来强调一下.
04:09
See this line线, this is a landscape景观 for violent暴力 video视频 games游戏.
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看这条线.这是暴力视频游戏的"景象".
04:12
As you can see, there's a kind of odd, regular定期 pattern模式 in the data数据,
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正如你能看到的,是个有点奇怪的长方形的样子,
04:15
twin双胞胎 peaks every一切 year.
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每年都有两个差不多大小的峰.
04:17
If we look closer接近, we see those peaks occur发生
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如果我们仔细看看,我们能看出这些峰
04:19
at the same相同 month every一切 year.
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每年出现的时间是一样的.
04:22
Why?
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为什么呢?
04:24
Well, November十一月, Christmas圣诞 video视频 games游戏 come out,
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十一月的时候,是圣诞视频游戏发放的日子,
04:26
and there may可能 well be an upsurge高涨 in the concern关心 about their content内容.
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就很可能引起关于其内容的恐慌.
04:29
But April四月 isn't a particularly尤其 massive大规模的 month
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但四月对游戏而言
04:32
for video视频 games游戏.
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并不是个很特别的月份
04:34
Why April四月?
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为什么会是四月呢?
04:36
Well, in April四月 1999 was the Columbine鸽的 shooting射击,
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其实,1999年的四月发生了哥伦拜恩枪击案,
04:39
and since以来 then, that fear恐惧
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从那以后,
04:41
has been remembered记得 by the media媒体
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人们总是能通过媒体想起这份恐惧
04:43
and echoes回声 through通过 the group mind心神 gradually逐渐 through通过 the year.
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在这一年里,这份恐惧也总是渐渐环绕在这个群体里.
04:45
You have retrospectives回顾, anniversaries纪念日,
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你总会回顾,纪念,
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court法庭 cases, even copy-cat山寨 shootings枪击事件,
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也总有诉讼甚至是只单纯模仿别人的枪击案,
04:51
all pushing推动 that fear恐惧 into the agenda议程.
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所有这些都能引起人们的恐惧,而体现在这日历里.
04:54
And there's another另一个 pattern模式 here as well. Can you spot it?
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而且这里还有另一个规律.你看出来了吗?
04:56
See that gap间隙 there? There's a gap间隙,
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看见这个间断了吗?这里有一个间断.
04:58
and it affects影响 all the other stories故事.
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这一点影响了其它所有部分.
05:00
Why is there a gap间隙 there?
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为什么这里会有一个间断呢?
05:02
You see where it starts启动? September九月 2001,
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看到它是从什么时候开始的吗?2001年9月(911发生的时间)
05:05
when we had something very real真实
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那个月里发了一件真的
05:07
to be scared害怕 about.
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很令人恐惧的事情.
05:09
So, I've been working加工 as a data数据 journalist记者 for about a year,
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我做数据统计记者已经有一年了,
05:12
and I keep hearing听力 a phrase短语
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我总是能听到这样一个说法
05:14
all the time, which哪一个 is this:
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说:
05:17
"Data数据 is the new oil."
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"数据是新的石油."
05:19
Data数据 is the kind of ubiquitous普及 resource资源
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而且数据是一种无法不在的资源
05:22
that we can shape形状 to provide提供 new innovations创新 and new insights见解,
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我们可以用它来开创新的革命和用新眼光来洞察世界,
05:25
and it's all around us, and it can be mined开采 very easily容易.
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而且它就在我们身边,很容易被挖掘.
05:28
It's not a particularly尤其 great metaphor隐喻 in these times,
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而且在这个时代这也不是什么很特别的比喻
05:31
especially特别 if you live生活 around the Gulf海湾 of Mexico墨西哥,
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尤其是如果你生活在墨西哥湾,
05:34
but I would, perhaps也许, adapt适应 this metaphor隐喻 slightly,
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但我想,或者可以对这个比喻稍加改动,
05:36
and I would say that data数据 is the new soil.
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我要说数据是新土壤.
05:40
Because for me, it feels感觉 like a fertile, creative创作的 medium.
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因为对我而言,它更像个可以施肥,能创造出东西来的媒体.
05:43
Over the years年份, online线上,
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经过这么多年,在网上
05:45
we've我们已经 laid铺设 down
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我们已经积攒下
05:48
a huge巨大 amount of information信息 and data数据,
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巨大数量的信息和数据,
05:50
and we irrigate灌溉 it with networks网络 and connectivity连接,
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而且我们用网络和连接来浇灌它们,
05:52
and it's been worked工作 and tilled耕种 by unpaid未付 workers工人 and governments政府.
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不收取工资的人们和政府一直在努力耕作这片"土壤".
05:55
And, all right, I'm kind of milking挤奶 the metaphor隐喻 a little bit.
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好吧,我有点夸大这个比喻了.
05:58
But it's a really fertile medium,
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但它真的是一个可以繁殖的媒体,
06:01
and it feels感觉 like visualizations可视化, infographics信息图表, data数据 visualizations可视化,
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它想让被视觉化,把咨询图像化,数据可视化,
06:04
they feel like flowers花卉 blooming怒放 from this medium.
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它们就像是从土壤里长出的花朵.
06:07
But if you look at it directly,
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但如果你直接看这些数据,
06:09
it's just a lot of numbers数字 and disconnected断开的 facts事实.
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它们就只是一堆数字和没有关联的事件.
06:11
But if you start开始 working加工 with it and playing播放 with it in a certain某些 way,
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但如果你开始分析它们,并用一种方式处理它们,
06:14
interesting有趣 things can appear出现 and different不同 patterns模式 can be revealed透露.
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有趣的事就会发生,不同的规律也会显现出来.
06:17
Let me show显示 you this.
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让我来展示下这个.
06:19
Can you guess猜测 what this data数据 set is?
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你能猜出这是关于什么的数据吗?
06:22
What rises上升 twice两次 a year,
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有什么东西每年要升两次?
06:24
once一旦 in Easter复活节
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一次在复活节
06:26
and then two weeks before Christmas圣诞,
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另一次在圣诞前的两周,
06:28
has a mini微型 peak every一切 Monday星期一,
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每个周一都有一个小峰
06:30
and then flattens变平 out over the summer夏季?
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并在夏天的时候一直保持平坦.
06:32
I'll take answers答案.
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我来听听你们的想法.
06:34
(Audience听众: Chocolate巧克力.) David大卫 McCandless麦坎德利斯: Chocolate巧克力.
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(观众:巧克力).David:巧克力.
06:36
You might威力 want to get some chocolate巧克力 in.
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你或许会想加一点巧克力进去.
06:39
Any other guesses猜测?
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还有别的猜想呢?
06:41
(Audience听众: Shopping购物.) DMDM: Shopping购物.
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(观众:购物).David:购物.
06:43
Yeah, retail零售 therapy治疗 might威力 help.
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嗯,购物疗法也许会有帮助.
06:46
(Audience听众: Sick生病 leave离开.)
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(观众:病假)
06:48
DMDM: Sick生病 leave离开. Yeah, you'll你会 definitely无疑 want to take some time off.
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David:病假.嗯,你一定想休息几天.
06:50
Shall we see?
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我们来看答案吧?
06:53
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:01
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
07:04
So, the information信息 guru领袖 Lee背风处 Byron拜伦 and myself,
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这里的信息是,Lee Byron和我自己
07:07
we scraped 10,000 status状态 FacebookFacebook的 updates更新
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搜集了一万个Facebook的状态
07:10
for the phrase短语 "break-up分手" and "broken-up破碎"
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寻找包括"分手"和"分手了"的字样的更新
07:12
and this is the pattern模式 we found发现 --
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这就是我们收集的结果--
07:14
people clearing空地 out for Spring弹簧 Break打破,
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人们在春假期间"清理"关系.
07:16
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:21
coming未来 out of very bad weekends周末 on a Monday星期一,
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接着的周一从过得很糟的周末中走出来
07:23
being存在 single over the summer夏季,
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一个暑假里都保持着单身.
07:26
and then the lowest最低 day of the year, of course课程: Christmas圣诞 Day.
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当然一年中分手最少的一天是:圣诞.
07:29
Who would do that?
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谁会这么做呢?
07:32
So there's a titanic泰坦尼克号 amount of data数据 out there now,
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现在外面有极多的数据,
07:34
unprecedented史无前例.
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史无前例的多.
07:37
But if you ask the right kind of question,
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但如果你问正确的问题,
07:39
or you work it in the right kind of way,
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或者你用正确的方式处理它,
07:41
interesting有趣 things can emerge出现.
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有趣的事就会发生.
07:44
So information信息 is beautiful美丽. Data数据 is beautiful美丽.
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所以信息是漂亮的,数据也是漂亮的.
07:47
I wonder奇迹 if I could make my life beautiful美丽.
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我想我能不能把我的生活也弄得很漂亮.
07:50
And here's这里的 my visual视觉 C.V.
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这是我的视觉化的简历.
07:52
I'm not quite相当 sure I've succeeded成功.
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我还不太确定这份简历是不是成功.
07:54
Pretty漂亮 blocky块状, the colors颜色 aren't that great.
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有很多的小块,颜色也不是特别的好.
07:56
But I wanted to convey传达 something to you.
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但我想传递些东西给你们.
07:59
I started开始 as a programmer程序员,
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我从一个程序员开始做起,
08:01
and then I worked工作 as a writer作家 for many许多 years年份, about 20 years年份,
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之后我做了很多年作家,大约有二十年,
08:03
in print打印, online线上 and then in advertising广告,
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在杂志上,网上之后还有广告中,
08:05
and only recently最近 have I started开始 designing设计.
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只在最近这一段我才开始进行设计.
08:08
And I've never been to design设计 school学校.
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而且我从来没去过设计学校,
08:10
I've never studied研究 art艺术 or anything.
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我从没学校艺术或这类的东西.
08:13
I just kind of learned学到了 through通过 doing.
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我就仅仅是从做的过程中来学.
08:15
And when I started开始 designing设计,
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当我开始设计的时候,
08:17
I discovered发现 an odd thing about myself.
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我发现了关于我自己的一件奇怪的事.
08:19
I already已经 knew知道 how to design设计,
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我已经知道怎么去设计了,
08:21
but it wasn't like I was amazingly令人惊讶 brilliant辉煌 at it,
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不是说我奇迹般的对设计特别在行,
08:24
but more like I was sensitive敏感
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而更像是我对关于网格,空间
08:26
to the ideas思路 of grids网格 and space空间
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以及排列和版面设计之类的
08:28
and alignment对准 and typography活版印刷.
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特别的敏感.
08:30
It's almost几乎 like being存在 exposed裸露
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就好像是暴露在媒体
08:32
to all this media媒体 over the years年份
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这么多年之后,
08:34
had instilled灌输 a kind of dormant休眠 design设计 literacy读写能力 in me.
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我被潜移默化地注入了设计的能力.
08:37
And I don't feel like I'm unique独特.
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而且我不觉得自己是唯一一个.
08:39
I feel that everyday每天, all of us now
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我感觉每一天,我们所有人
08:41
are being存在 blasted炮轰 by information信息 design设计.
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都对信息设计特别的不满.
08:44
It's being存在 poured into our eyes眼睛 through通过 the Web卷筒纸,
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它们从网上一股脑灌入我们眼里
08:46
and we're all visualizers展示台 now;
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而且我们都是视觉型的人,
08:48
we're all demanding严格 a visual视觉 aspect方面
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我们都想从视觉的角度
08:50
to our information信息.
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来看我们的信息.
08:53
There's something almost几乎 quite相当 magical神奇 about visual视觉 information信息.
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这就是关于视觉化信息的神奇的地方.
08:56
It's effortless毫不费力, it literally按照字面 pours盆满钵满 in.
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不需要努力的,它就自己进来了.
08:59
And if you're navigating导航 a dense稠密 information信息 jungle丛林,
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如果你在密集的信息丛林里搜寻,
09:02
coming未来 across横过 a beautiful美丽 graphic图像
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突然看到一个漂亮的图画,
09:04
or a lovely可爱 data数据 visualization可视化,
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或者是一个可爱的视觉化的数据,
09:06
it's a relief浮雕, it's like coming未来 across横过 a clearing空地 in the jungle丛林.
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那将会是怎样的释然啊! 就好像是在森林里碰到了开阔的地方.
09:09
I was curious好奇 about this, so it led me
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我对这很好奇,所以它引导我
09:11
to the work of a Danish丹麦 physicist物理学家
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关注一个丹麦的物理学家
09:13
called Tor托尔 NorretrandersNorretranders,
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名叫Tor Norretranders,
09:15
and he converted转换 the bandwidth带宽 of the senses感官 into computer电脑 terms条款.
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他把感观的带宽转化成了电脑术语.
09:19
So here we go. This is your senses感官,
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过程是这样的.这是你的感观,
09:21
pouring浇注 into your senses感官 every一切 second第二.
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周围世界每一秒都往你的感观里注入东西.
09:23
Your sense of sight视力 is the fastest最快的.
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你的视觉是最快的.
09:26
It has the same相同 bandwidth带宽 as a computer电脑 network网络.
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它有和电脑网络一样的带宽.
09:29
Then you have touch触摸, which哪一个 is about the speed速度 of a USBUSB key.
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你还有触觉,它有和USB接口一样的速度.
09:32
And then you have hearing听力 and smell,
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你的听觉和嗅觉,
09:34
which哪一个 has the throughput吞吐量 of a hard disk磁盘.
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有和硬盘一样的处理速度.
09:36
And then you have poor较差的 old taste味道,
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你还有可怜的,古老的味觉,
09:38
which哪一个 is like barely仅仅 the throughput吞吐量 of a pocket口袋 calculator计算器.
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它仅仅只有口袋计算器那样的工作效率.
09:41
And that little square广场 in the corner, a naught .7 percent百分,
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那角落里小小的正方形,占百分之0.7的比例,
09:44
that's the amount we're actually其实 aware知道的 of.
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这就是我们真正能感知的部分.
09:47
So a lot of your vision视力 --
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所以你很多的想像--
09:49
the bulk of it is visual视觉, and it's pouring浇注 in.
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大部分是视觉的,而且它是自己大批进入的.
09:51
It's unconscious无意识.
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潜意识里进行的.
09:53
The eye is exquisitely玲珑 sensitive敏感
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眼睛对颜色变化中的规律,
09:56
to patterns模式 in variations变化 in color颜色, shape形状 and pattern模式.
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形状和模式是特别敏感的.
09:59
It loves them, and it calls电话 them beautiful美丽.
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如果眼睛喜欢它们,它就把它们叫作漂亮.
10:01
It's the language语言 of the eye.
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这就是眼睛的语言.
10:03
If you combine结合 the language语言 of the eye with the language语言 of the mind心神,
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而且你把眼睛的语言和头脑的语言联系在一起,
10:05
which哪一个 is about words and numbers数字 and concepts概念,
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关于词语,数字和概念这些,
10:08
you start开始 speaking请讲 two languages语言 simultaneously同时,
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你将能同时讲两种语言,
10:11
each enhancing提高 the other.
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每一种都能加强另一种.
10:14
So, you have the eye, and then you drop下降 in the concepts概念.
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所以你有眼睛,然后你想到了概念,
10:17
And that whole整个 thing -- it's two languages语言
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这个过程,其实是两种语言,
10:19
both working加工 at the same相同 time.
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它们同时在一起工作.
10:21
So we can use this new kind of language语言, if you like,
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所以我们能用这种新的语言,如果你喜欢的话,
10:23
to alter改变 our perspective透视 or change更改 our views意见.
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来改变我们的视角或者我们的观点.
10:26
Let me ask you a simple简单 question
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让我来问一个简单的问题
10:28
with a really simple简单 answer回答:
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它有个特别简单的答案.
10:30
Who has the biggest最大 military军事 budget预算?
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谁拥有最多的军队预算?
10:32
It's got to be America美国, right?
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这一定是美国,对吧?
10:34
Massive海量. 609 billion十亿 in 2008 --
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非常多的.在2008年有六千零九十亿
10:36
607, rather.
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六千零七十亿实际上是.
10:38
So massive大规模的, in fact事实, that it can contain包含
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这么多,事实上,它包含了
10:40
all the other military军事 budgets预算 in the world世界 inside itself本身.
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所有其它国家的军队预算在里面.
10:43
Gobble狼吞虎咽, gobble吞并, gobble吞并, gobble吞并, gobble吞并.
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格格,格格,格格,格格,格格(火鸡的叫声)
10:45
Now, you can see Africa's非洲 total debt债务 there
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现在你能拿整个非洲的债务
10:47
and the U.K. budget预算 deficit赤字 for reference参考.
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和英国的预算赤字来比较一下.
10:49
So that might威力 well chime
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这很可能
10:51
with your view视图 that America美国
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和你印象中的美国形象一致,
10:53
is a sort分类 of warmongering好战 military军事 machine,
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那个好战的,有军队机器,
10:56
out to overpower压倒 the world世界
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强大到要用它的巨大的工业军事合成体
10:58
with its huge巨大 industrial-military工业和军事 complex复杂.
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来压倒世界的国家.
11:01
But is it true真正 that America美国 has the biggest最大 military军事 budget预算?
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但美国真的有最多的军事预算吗?
11:04
Because America美国 is an incredibly令人难以置信 rich丰富 country国家.
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因为它是个特别富有的国家.
11:06
In fact事实, it's so massively大规模 rich丰富
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事实上,它是这么有富有
11:08
that it can contain包含 the four other
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它能把四个在它之后的
11:10
top最佳 industrialized工业化 nations'国家' economies经济
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工业国家的经济收入
11:12
inside itself本身, it's so vastly大大 rich丰富.
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全包含在它之内.如此的富有.
11:15
So its military军事 budget预算 is bound to be enormous巨大.
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它的军队预算是和经济联系在一起的
11:18
So, to be fair公平 and to alter改变 our perspective透视,
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所以,为了公平为了改变我们的视角,
11:20
we have to bring带来 in another另一个 data数据 set,
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我们得引入另一组数据,
11:22
and that data数据 set is GDPGDP, or the country's earnings收益.
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这就是国民生产总值,或者是一个国家的收入.
11:24
Who has the biggest最大 budget预算 as a proportion比例 of GDPGDP?
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哪个国家的军队预算是占国民生产总值最多的呢?
11:26
Let's have a look.
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让我们来看一看.
11:28
That changes变化 the picture图片 considerably相当.
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这把格局改变了很多.
11:31
Other countries国家 pop流行的 into view视图 that you, perhaps也许, weren't considering考虑,
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其它你很可能没想到的国家一下子出现了,
11:34
and American美国 drops滴剂 into eighth第八.
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美国跌入了第八位.
11:36
Now you can also do this with soldiers士兵.
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你也同样可以对士兵进行这样的运算.
11:38
Who has the most soldiers士兵? It's got to be China中国.
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哪个国家有最多的士兵?一定是中国.
11:40
Of course课程, 2.1 million百万.
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当然,二百一十万.
11:42
Again, chiming钟声 with your view视图
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同样的,和你对中国,
11:44
that China中国 has a militarized军事化 regime政权
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那个军事化的政权,准备着
11:46
ready准备 to, you know, mobilize动员 its enormous巨大 forces军队.
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要发挥其强大的武装力量的印象一致.
11:48
But of course课程, China中国 has an enormous巨大 population人口.
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但不可否认,中国有巨大的人口,
11:51
So if we do the same相同,
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如果我们做同样的处理,
11:53
we see a radically根本 different不同 picture图片.
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我们看到一个彻底不同的景象.
11:55
China中国 drops滴剂 to 124th.
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中国落到了124位.
11:57
It actually其实 has a tiny army军队
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它其实只有很小的一支部队,
11:59
when you take other data数据 into consideration考虑.
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如果你把人口考虑进去的话.
12:02
So, absolute绝对 figures人物, like the military军事 budget预算,
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所以,绝对的数字,就像是军队预算,
12:04
in a connected连接的 world世界,
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在一个紧密联系的世界里
12:06
don't give you the whole整个 picture图片.
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好像不能给你一个完整的格局.
12:08
They're not as true真正 as they could be.
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它们并不是它们能达到的最真实的状态.
12:10
We need relative相对的 figures人物 that are connected连接的 to other data数据
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我们需要相对的数据,这些数据和其它数据相联系
12:13
so that we can see a fuller富勒 picture图片,
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我们才能看到一个更全面的世界.
12:15
and then that can lead to us changing改变 our perspective透视.
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而这一点能改变我们的视角.
12:17
As Hans汉斯 Rosling罗斯林, the master,
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就像Hans Rosling, 校长
12:19
my master, said,
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我的校长说的那样,
12:22
"Let the dataset数据集 change更改 your mindset心态."
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"让数据模式改变你的心理模式."
12:26
And if it can do that, maybe it can also change更改 your behavior行为.
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如果它能做到这一点,也许它能同时改变你的行为.
12:29
Take a look at this one.
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来看一下这个.
12:31
I'm a bit of a health健康 nut坚果.
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我有一点健康迷.
12:33
I love taking服用 supplements补品 and being存在 fit适合,
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我喜欢吃一些保养品来保持健康
12:36
but I can never understand理解 what's going on in terms条款 of evidence证据.
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但我从来不能用证据证明这些东西是不是真的有用.
12:39
There's always conflicting冲突的 evidence证据.
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总是会有相当矛盾的证据.
12:41
Should I take vitamin维他命 C? Should I be taking服用 wheatgrass小冰?
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我是应该吃维他命C?还是吃小麦草素?
12:43
This is a visualization可视化 of all the evidence证据
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这里把所有这些关于
12:45
for nutritional营养 supplements补品.
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营养补品的证据都视觉化了.
12:47
This kind of diagram is called a balloon气球 race种族.
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这样的图表叫作热气球竞赛.
12:50
So the higher更高 up the image图片,
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图上越高的地方,
12:52
the more evidence证据 there is for each supplement补充.
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有越多的关于这些补品的证据.
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And the bubbles泡泡 correspond对应 to popularity声望 as regards问候 to Google谷歌 hits点击.
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这些气泡的大小对应于GOOGLE上这样补品的受欢迎程度.
12:58
So you can immediately立即 apprehend拘押
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这样你能马上就领会效力
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the relationship关系 between之间 efficacy功效 and popularity声望,
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和受欢迎程度间的关系.
13:04
but you can also, if you grade年级 the evidence证据,
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而且同时,如果你把证据分级别的话,
13:07
do a "worth价值 it" line线.
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画出一条"值得"的线.
13:09
So supplements补品 above以上 this line线 are worth价值 investigating调查,
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所以在这条线以上的补品是那些值得投资的,
13:12
but only for the conditions条件 listed上市 below下面,
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但只是针对下面列出的这些症状.
13:15
and then the supplements补品 below下面 the line线
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对于这条线以下的补品,
13:18
are perhaps也许 not worth价值 investigating调查.
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就很可能不太值得投资了.
13:20
Now this image图片 constitutes构成 a huge巨大 amount of work.
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这幅图凝结了我们大量的工作.
13:23
We scraped like 1,000 studies学习 from PubMed考研,
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我们挖掘了Pubmed上一千个左右的研究,
13:26
the biomedical生物医药 database数据库,
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Pubmed是一个生物医学的数据库,
13:28
and we compiled编译 them and graded分级 them all.
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我们收集了这些研究并把他们分了级别.
13:31
And it was incredibly令人难以置信 frustrating泄气 for me
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这让我相当沮丧
13:33
because I had a book of 250 visualizations可视化 to do for my book,
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因为我的书需要250个可视化图像
13:36
and I spent花费 a month doing this,
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我用了一个月做这幅图,
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and I only filled填充 two pages网页.
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却只能填充两页纸.
13:40
But what it points to
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但重点是
13:42
is that visualizing可视化 information信息 like this
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像这样把信息视觉化的过程
13:44
is a form形成 of knowledge知识 compression压缩.
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是把知识压缩的过程.
13:46
It's a way of squeezing挤压 an enormous巨大 amount
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这是一种从巨大数量的信息
13:48
of information信息 and understanding理解
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中压榨出精华
13:50
into a small space空间.
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并理解的过程.
13:52
And once一旦 you've curated策划 that data数据, and once一旦 you've cleaned清洗 that data数据,
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一旦你整理了这些数据,或者说清理了这些数据,
13:54
and once一旦 it's there,
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一旦它在那了
13:56
you can do cool stuff东东 like this.
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你就能做像这样很酷的事了.
13:58
So I converted转换 this into an interactive互动 app应用,
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所以我用这个原理开发出了一个互动的应用程序,
14:00
so I can now generate生成 this application应用 online线上 --
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我现在能在网上生成这个程序--
14:02
this is the visualization可视化 online线上 --
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并在网上进行视觉化--
14:04
and I can say, "Yeah, brilliant辉煌."
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我能称赞它"真好,太棒了"
14:06
So it spawns产卵 itself本身.
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它自动开始工作.
14:08
And then I can say, "Well, just show显示 me the stuff东东
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然后我就能说"嗯,给我看下那些
14:10
that affects影响 heart health健康."
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影响心脏健康的东西"
14:12
So let's filter过滤 that out.
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它就开始筛选
14:14
So heart is filtered过滤 out, so I can see if I'm curious好奇 about that.
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心脏被选出去了,我对这很好奇.
14:17
I think, "No, no. I don't want to take any synthetics合成纤维,
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我想"不,不,我不想吃任何合成的药品
14:19
I just want to see plants植物 and --
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我只想用植物--
14:22
just show显示 me herbs草药 and plants植物. I've got all the natural自然 ingredients配料."
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就只显示那些草本和植物.我有所有自然的营养成分."
14:25
Now this app应用 is spawning产卵 itself本身
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现在这个程序又开始从数据
14:27
from the data数据.
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里自动生成.
14:29
The data数据 is all stored存储 in a Google谷歌 Doc文件,
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所有数据都保存在Google doc里面,
14:31
and it's literally按照字面 generating发电 itself本身 from that data数据.
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它实际上是在自己利用数据完成视觉化.
14:34
So the data数据 is now alive; this is a living活的 image图片,
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现在数据变成活的了,它现在是一个动态的图像了,
14:36
and I can update更新 it in a second第二.
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而且我能一下就完成更新.
14:38
New evidence证据 comes out. I just change更改 a row on a spreadsheet电子表格.
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如果新的证据出现了--我只需要在表格里改一行.
14:40
DooshDoosh! Again, the image图片 recreates再现 itself本身.
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哇!又一次的,图像自己重新生成了自己.
14:44
So it's cool.
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这很酷.
14:46
It's kind of living活的.
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有点有生命的感觉.
14:49
But it can go beyond data数据,
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但它其实能比数据走得更远,
14:51
and it can go beyond numbers数字.
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而且也不仅仅限于数字.
14:53
I like to apply应用 information信息 visualization可视化
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我喜欢用信息视觉化
14:55
to ideas思路 and concepts概念.
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的方法来处理思想和概念.
14:58
This is a visualization可视化
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这是一个对政治观点
15:00
of the political政治 spectrum光谱,
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视觉化的图像,
15:02
an attempt尝试 for me to try
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是我在试图理解
15:04
and understand理解 how it works作品
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政治是如果工作的.
15:06
and how the ideas思路 percolate过滤 down
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理解想法是怎么向下渗透的
15:08
from government政府 into society社会 and culture文化,
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从政府开始到社会和文化,
15:10
into families家庭, into individuals个人, into their beliefs信仰
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再传递到家庭,各人以及他们的信念中
15:13
and back around again in a cycle周期.
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而且又如何再反过来影响上层,形成一个循环的.
15:16
What I love about this image图片
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关于这幅图我喜欢的是
15:18
is it's made制作 up of concepts概念,
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它是由概念组成的,
15:20
it explores探讨 our worldviews世界观
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它开拓了我们的世界观
15:22
and it helps帮助 us -- it helps帮助 me anyway无论如何 --
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并且帮助我们--至少是帮助我--
15:24
to see what others其他 think,
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看清别人是怎么想的,
15:26
to see where they're coming未来 from.
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了解他们的想法是从哪里来的.
15:28
And it feels感觉 just incredibly令人难以置信 cool to do that.
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做这件事感觉真是太棒了.
15:31
What was most exciting扣人心弦 for me
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最让我兴奋的是
15:34
designing设计 this
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设计
15:36
was that, when I was designing设计 this image图片,
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当我在设计这些图的时候,
15:38
I desperately拼命 wanted this side, the left side,
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我极其希望这一边,左边
15:41
to be better than the right side --
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能比右边好--
15:43
being存在 a journalist记者, a Left-leaning左倾 person --
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作为一个记者,我是个有点左倾的人--
15:46
but I couldn't不能, because I would have created创建
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但我不能,因为如果这样我全造出一个
15:48
a lopsided片面, biased diagram.
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不平衡的,带着偏见的图.
15:51
So, in order订购 to really create创建 a full充分 image图片,
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所以,为了真正的创造一个完整的图,
15:54
I had to honor荣誉 the perspectives观点 on the right-hand右手 side
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我得尊重右手边的这些观点
15:57
and at the same相同 time, uncomfortably令人不安 recognize认识
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同时,有点不太情愿地认识到
16:00
how many许多 of those qualities气质 were actually其实 in me,
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我其实也有这其中很多的品质,
16:03
which哪一个 was very, very annoying恼人的 and uncomfortable不舒服.
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对我而言,这是特别特别地讨厌和不舒服的.
16:05
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
16:09
But not too uncomfortable不舒服,
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但也不是特别不舒服,
16:11
because there's something unthreatening无威胁
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因为看到一些政治观点,
16:14
about seeing眼看 a political政治 perspective透视,
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总比被告知或者被强迫听着这些观点,
16:16
versus being存在 told or forced被迫 to listen to one.
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不让人那么有压迫和威胁感.
16:19
You're capable of holding保持 conflicting冲突的 viewpoints观点
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事实上,在你看到它们的时候
16:22
joyously欢悦 when you can see them.
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你能快乐的承受矛盾的观点.
16:24
It's even fun开玩笑 to engage从事 with them
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甚至和它们打交道是有趣的
16:26
because it's visual视觉.
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因为这是视觉的.
16:28
So that's what's exciting扣人心弦 to me,
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这就是它让我着迷的地方,
16:30
seeing眼看 how data数据 can change更改 my perspective透视
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看数据是如何让我改变观点
16:32
and change更改 my mind心神 midstream中游 --
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并且改变我思维的主流--
16:34
beautiful美丽, lovely可爱 data数据.
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漂亮的,可爱的数据.
16:38
So, just to wrap up,
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简单总结一下,
16:40
I wanted to say
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我想说
16:42
that it feels感觉 to me that design设计 is about solving problems问题
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我感觉设计其实是在解决问题
16:44
and providing提供 elegant优雅 solutions解决方案,
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并且给出一个精美的解决办法.
16:47
and information信息 design设计 is about
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信息设计是在
16:49
solving information信息 problems问题.
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解决信息上的问题.
16:51
It feels感觉 like we have a lot of information信息 problems问题
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现在我们社会里,好像有很多
16:53
in our society社会 at the moment时刻,
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信息方面的问题,
16:55
from the overload超载 and the saturation饱和
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来自于过多的饱和的数据,
16:57
to the breakdown分解 of trust相信 and reliability可靠性
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到信任和可靠性的缺失
16:59
and runaway逃跑 skepticism怀疑论 and lack缺乏 of transparency透明度,
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以及逃避的怀疑和缺乏透明度,
17:01
or even just interestingness兴趣.
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甚至是失去兴趣.
17:03
I mean, I find information信息 just too interesting有趣.
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我想说,我觉得信息真是特别有趣.
17:05
It has a magnetic磁性 quality质量 that draws me in.
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它有一种磁力吸引着我.
17:09
So, visualizing可视化 information信息
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所以,视觉化信息
17:11
can give us a very quick solution to those kinds of problems问题.
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能给我们一种快速的方法来解决这些问题.
17:14
Even when the information信息 is terrible可怕,
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即使是在信息很糟的情况下,
17:16
the visual视觉 can be quite相当 beautiful美丽.
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视觉上仍会很漂亮.
17:19
Often经常 we can get clarity明晰
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经常地我们能很快的
17:22
or the answer回答 to a simple简单 question very quickly很快,
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理清条理,或者找到一个简单问题的答案.
17:24
like this one,
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就像这个,
17:26
the recent最近 Icelandic冰岛的 volcano火山.
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关于冰岛的火山的最近的讨论.
17:29
Which哪一个 was emitting发光 the most COCO2?
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哪一个喷发出了最多的二氧化碳?
17:31
Was it the planes飞机 or the volcano火山,
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是那些飞机还是火山,
17:33
the grounded接地 planes飞机 or the volcano火山?
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是那些严禁起飞的飞机还是火山?
17:35
So we can have a look.
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让我们来看一下.
17:37
We look at the data数据 and we see:
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看着这些数据
17:39
Yep是的, the volcano火山 emitted发射 150,000 tons;
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我们发现,火山喷发出了十五万吨;
17:41
the grounded接地 planes飞机 would have emitted发射
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那些禁止起飞的飞机如果飞着的话
17:43
345,000 if they were in the sky天空.
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将喷发出三十四万五千吨.
17:46
So essentially实质上, we had our first carbon-neutral碳中和 volcano火山.
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所以实际上,我们有了第一个碳中性的火山.
17:49
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
17:51
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
18:00
And that is beautiful美丽. Thank you.
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而且这很漂亮!谢谢
18:03
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Juyao Dong
Reviewed by Zhu Jie

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David McCandless - Data journalist
David McCandless draws beautiful conclusions from complex datasets -- thus revealing unexpected insights into our world.

Why you should listen

David McCandless makes infographics -- simple, elegant ways to see information that might be too complex or too big, small, abstract or scattered to otherwise be grasped. In his new book, Information Is Beautiful (in the US, it's being called The Visual Miscellaneum), McCandless and his cadre of info designers take a spin through the world of visualized data, from hard stats on politics and climate to daffy but no less important trends in pop music.

McCandless' genius is not so much in finding jazzy new ways to show data -- the actual graphics aren't the real innovation here -- as in finding fresh ways to combine datasets to let them ping and prod each other. Reporting the number of drug deaths in the UK every year is interesting; but mapping that data onto the number of drug deaths reported by the UK press, broken down by drug, is utterly fascinating (more deaths by marijuana were reported than in fact occurred, by a factor of 484%). McCandless contributes a monthly big-think graphic to the Guardian's Data Blog, and makes viral graphics for his blog Information Is Beautiful.

More profile about the speaker
David McCandless | Speaker | TED.com