ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Patrick Chappatte - Editorial cartoonist
Using clean, simple pencil strokes, editorial cartoonist Patrick Chappatte wields globally literate and to-the-point humor on world events -- the tragic, the farcical and the absurd.

Why you should listen

Patrick Chappatte is a global soul. Born in Pakistan to a Lebanese mother and a Swiss father, raised in Singapore, he has lived in New York and lives now in Geneva, Switzerland. Perhaps this explains his way of looking at world events, applying the unfettered perspective of humor to the tragic, the farcical and the absurd.

His simple line delivers pointed jokes. He draws for The International Herald Tribune (in English) and for the Swiss newspapers Le Temps (in French) and NZZ am Sonntag (in German), and in all three languages the subtle insightfulness of his cartoons consistently robs you of a laugh, or more.

More profile about the speaker
Patrick Chappatte | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2010

Patrick Chappatte: The power of cartoons

Patrick Chappatte:漫画的力量

Filmed:
893,869 views

一连串的妙语连珠,Patrick Chappatte用辛辣的事例阐述了微不足道的漫画所体现的力量。他在黎巴嫩、西非和加沙的项目表明,一支铅笔,在合适的人手里,如何能阐明严肃的问题,并使最不可能共处的人们凝聚在一起。
- Editorial cartoonist
Using clean, simple pencil strokes, editorial cartoonist Patrick Chappatte wields globally literate and to-the-point humor on world events -- the tragic, the farcical and the absurd. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
So yeah, I'm a newspaper报纸 cartoonist漫画家 --
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对,我是一位报纸漫画家——
00:18
political政治 cartoonist漫画家.
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政治漫画家
00:20
I don't know if you've heard听说 about it -- newspapers报纸?
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我不知道你们是否听说过——报纸?
00:23
It's a sort分类 of paper-based纸基 reader读者.
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它是一种以纸为媒介的读物
00:26
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:29
It's lighter打火机 than an iPadiPad的,
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它比iPod轻巧
00:31
it's a bit cheaper便宜.
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便宜一点
00:34
You know what they say?
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你知道人们怎么说吗?
00:36
They say the print打印 media媒体 is dying垂死 --
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他们说印刷媒体正在消亡
00:39
who says that? Well, the media媒体.
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谁说的?嗯,媒体自己说的
00:42
But this is no news新闻, right?
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但这不是什么新闻了,是吗?
00:45
You've read about it already已经.
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你们已经早有所闻了
00:48
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:53
Ladies女士们 and gentlemen绅士,
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女士们,先生们
00:55
the world世界 has gotten得到 smaller.
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世界已变得越来越小
00:57
I know it's a cliche陈词滥调, but look,
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我知道这是陈词滥调,但瞧!
01:00
look how small,
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瞧它有多小
01:03
how tiny it has gotten得到.
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有多微不足道
01:05
And you know the reason原因 why, of course课程.
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当然,你们知道原因何在
01:07
This is because of technology技术 -- yeah.
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罪魁祸首是科学技术,是的
01:10
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:13
Any computer电脑 designers设计师 in the room房间?
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在这个房间里有电脑设计师吗?
01:17
Yeah well,
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好吧
01:19
you guys are making制造 my life miserable
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你们这些家伙使我的生活变得不幸
01:22
because track跟踪 pads used to be round回合,
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因为触控板一直都是圆的
01:24
a nice不错 round回合 shape形状.
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完美的圆形
01:26
That makes品牌 a good cartoon动画片.
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这能打造一幅好漫画
01:28
But what are you going to do with a flat平面 track跟踪 pad,
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但是你们打算怎么对付一块平的触控板
01:30
those square广场 things?
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那些方方正正的东西?
01:32
There's nothing I can do as a cartoonist漫画家.
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作为一个漫画家我无计可施
01:34
Well, I know the world世界 is flat平面 now.
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好,我知道世界现在是平的了
01:37
That's true真正.
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那千真万确
01:38
And the Internet互联网 has reached到达
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因特网已经进入
01:40
every一切 corner of the world世界,
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世界的每个角落
01:42
the poorest最穷, the remotest偏远的 places地方.
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甚至是最贫穷,最偏远的地区
01:44
Every一切 village in Africa非洲 now has a cyber网络 cafe咖啡店.
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现在非洲的每一个村庄都有公共网吧
01:49
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:55
Don't go asking for a Frappuccino星冰乐 there.
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别去那儿点杯星冰乐
01:59
So we are bridging桥接 the digital数字 divide划分.
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所以我们正架起连接信息鸿沟的桥梁
02:02
The Third第三 World世界 is connected连接的,
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连接起第三世界
02:04
we are connected连接的.
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连接起我们所有人
02:06
And what happens发生 next下一个?
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那么下一步会发生什么?
02:08
Well, you've got mail邮件.
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好吧,你们收到了邮件
02:13
Yeah.
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是呀
02:15
Well, the Internet互联网 has empowered授权 us.
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好吧,因特网给我们力量
02:18
It has empowered授权 you,
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给你力量
02:20
it has empowered授权 me
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给我力量
02:22
and it has empowered授权 some other guys as well.
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而且也给其他一些家伙力量
02:26
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:31
You know, these last two cartoons卡通 --
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你知道,这后面两张漫画是
02:33
I did them live生活
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我当场
02:35
during a conference会议 in Hanoi河内.
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在河内的一次会议期间所作
02:37
And they were not used to that
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在共产主义2.0版的越南
02:40
in communist共产 2.0 Vietnam越南.
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他们对这些并不习惯
02:43
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:45
So I was cartooning漫画 live生活 on a wide screen屏幕 --
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所以我正在一个宽屏幕上当场作画
02:48
it was quite相当 a sensation感觉 --
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当时相当轰动
02:50
and then this guy came来了 to me.
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然后这家伙过来了
02:52
He was taking服用 pictures图片 of me and of my sketches素描,
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他对着我和我的速写拍照
02:54
and I thought, "This is great, a Vietnamese越南 fan风扇."
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我想:“太好了,一个越南粉丝。”
02:58
And as he came来了 the second第二 day,
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当他第二天又来了的时候
03:00
I thought, "Wow, that's really a cartoon动画片 lover情人."
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我想:“哇,真是个漫画爱好者!”
03:03
And on the third第三 day, I finally最后 understood了解,
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直到第三天,我终于明白
03:05
the guy was actually其实 on duty义务.
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这家伙实际上是在执勤
03:09
So by now, there must必须 be a hundred pictures图片 of me
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所以到现在为止,一定有一百多张我
03:11
smiling微笑 with my sketches素描
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拿着我的速写笑对镜头的照片
03:13
in the files of the Vietnamese越南 police警察.
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存放在越南警察局的档案里
03:16
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:18
No, but it's true真正: the Internet互联网 has changed the world世界.
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不,但这千真万确:因特网已经改变了这个世界
03:21
It has rocked震撼 the music音乐 industry行业;
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它已震撼了音乐产业
03:23
it has changed the way we consume消耗 music音乐.
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它改变了我们消费音乐的方式
03:25
For those of you old enough足够 to remember记得,
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你们中那些上了年纪的人一定记得
03:27
we used to have to go to the store商店
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我们过去常常得走进店家
03:29
to steal it.
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顺手牵羊
03:31
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:35
And it has changed the way
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而且因特网已经改变了
03:37
your future未来 employer雇主
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你未来的老板
03:39
will look at your application应用.
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审视你的应聘简历的方式
03:41
So be careful小心
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所以小心
03:43
with that FacebookFacebook的 account帐户 --
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你的facebook帐户
03:46
your momma妈妈 told you, be careful小心.
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你妈妈告诉过你,当心点准没错
03:50
And technology技术 has set us free自由 --
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而且科学技术让我们获得自由
03:54
this is free自由 WiFi无线上网.
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这是免费的无线上网
03:56
But yeah, it has liberated解放 us
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但真的,它把我们
03:58
from the office办公室 desk.
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从办公桌旁解放了出来
04:01
This is your life,
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这就是你的生活
04:04
enjoy请享用 it.
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尽情享受吧
04:06
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:09
In short, technology技术, the internet互联网,
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简而言之,科技,因特网
04:12
they have changed our lifestyle生活方式.
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它们已经改变了我们的生活方式
04:15
Tech技术 guru领袖, like this man --
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科技领袖们,比如这位先生——
04:17
that a German德语 magazine杂志 called the philosopher哲学家 of the 21stST century世纪 --
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一本德国杂志称其为21世纪的哲学家
04:20
they are shaping成型 the way we do things.
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他们正塑造着我们的行事方式
04:22
They are shaping成型 the way we consume消耗.
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他们正塑造着我们的消费方式
04:24
They are shaping成型 our very desires欲望.
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他们正塑造着我们的特殊愿望
04:27
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:31
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
04:38
You will not like it.
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你不会喜欢
04:42
And technology技术 has even changed
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而且科技甚至已经改变了
04:44
our relationship关系 to God.
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我们同上帝的关系
04:47
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:53
Now I shouldn't不能 get into this.
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现在我不该染指这一问题
04:55
Religion宗教 and political政治 cartoons卡通,
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宗教和政治漫画
04:57
as you may可能 have heard听说,
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你们也许听说过
04:59
make a difficult couple一对,
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很难成双入对
05:01
ever since以来 that day of 2005,
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自从2005年的那一天
05:03
when a bunch of cartoonists漫画家 in Denmark丹麦
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当时丹麦的一群漫画家
05:05
drew德鲁 cartoons卡通 that had repercussions反响 all over the world世界 --
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他们的漫画在全世界产生反响
05:08
demonstrations示威, fatwa追杀令,
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游行,教令裁决
05:10
they provoked violence暴力. People died死亡 in the violence暴力.
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他们挑起了暴力,人们在暴力中丧命
05:13
This was so sickening令人作呕;
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这是如此令人厌恶
05:15
people died死亡 because of cartoons卡通.
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人们因漫画而殒命
05:19
I mean --
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我的意思是——
05:23
I had the feeling感觉 at the time
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当时我有这种感觉
05:25
that cartoons卡通 had been used by both sides双方, actually其实.
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实际上,那些漫画被事件的双方所利用
05:28
They were used first by a Danish丹麦 newspaper报纸,
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最初它们被丹麦报纸所利用
05:30
which哪一个 wanted to make a point on Islam伊斯兰教.
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报纸想证明其对伊斯兰教的看法
05:32
A Danish丹麦 cartoonist漫画家 told me he was one of the 24
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一位丹麦漫画家告诉我,他是24位
05:35
who received收到 the assignment分配 to draw the prophet预言家 --
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接受描画先知穆罕默德的任务的画家之一
05:37
12 of them refused拒绝. Did you know that?
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你们知道吗?其中的12位画家拒绝了这一任务
05:40
He told me, "Nobody没有人 has to tell me what I should draw.
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他告诉我:“没人能指挥我该画些什么,
05:43
This is not how it works作品."
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漫画不是这样创作出来的。”
05:45
And then, of course课程, they were used
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然后,当然,他们又被
05:47
by extremists极端分子 and politicians政治家 on the other side.
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另一方的极端分子和政治家所利用
05:50
They wanted to stir搅拌 up controversy争议.
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他们想要挑起争端
05:52
You know the story故事.
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你们知道这个故事
05:55
We know that cartoons卡通 can be used as weapons武器.
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我们知道,漫画可以被用作武器
05:58
History历史 tells告诉 us,
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历史告诉我们
06:00
they've他们已经 been used by the Nazis纳粹
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漫画曾被纳粹德国所利用
06:02
to attack攻击 the Jews犹太人.
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来攻击犹太人
06:04
And here we are now.
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而现在
06:06
In the United联合的 Nations国家,
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在联合国
06:08
half of the world世界 is pushing推动
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世界上的一半国家正敦促
06:11
to penalize惩罚 the offense罪行 to religion宗教 --
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对冒犯宗教信仰进行惩戒——
06:13
they call it the defamation诽谤 of religion宗教 --
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他们称之为宗教诽谤——
06:15
while the other half of the world世界 is fighting战斗 back
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而世界的另一半的正在反击它
06:17
in defense防御 of freedom自由 of speech言语.
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以保护言论的自由
06:20
So the clash冲突 of civilizations文明 is here,
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所以这就有了文明冲突
06:22
and cartoons卡通 are at the middle中间 of it?
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而漫画被夹在其中
06:26
This got me thinking思维.
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这引起我的思考
06:29
Now you see me thinking思维
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现在你看见我在苦思冥想
06:31
at my kitchen厨房 table,
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在我的厨房桌旁
06:33
and since以来 you're in my kitchen厨房,
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既然你们在我家厨房
06:35
please meet遇到 my wife妻子.
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请认识一下我的夫人
06:37
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:43
In 2006, a few少数 months个月 after,
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在2006年,也就是几个月后
06:46
I went Ivory象牙 Coast --
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我去了象牙海岸——
06:48
Western西 Africa非洲.
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西部非洲
06:50
Now, talk of a divided分为 place地点 -- the country国家 was cut in two.
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现在,讨论一下一个分裂的地区。这个国家被分割成两部分
06:53
You had a rebellion暴动 in the North,
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北部是叛军
06:55
the government政府 in the South -- the capital首都, Abidjan阿比让 --
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政府军在南部,那里有首都,阿比让
06:57
and in the middle中间, the French法国 army军队.
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而中间是法国军队
07:00
This looks容貌 like a giant巨人 hamburger汉堡包.
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这看上去像一只巨大的汉堡包
07:02
You don't want to be the ham火腿 in the middle中间.
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你不想成为夹在其中的火腿吧
07:07
I was there to report报告 on that story故事
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我在那儿报道那个事件
07:09
in cartoons卡通.
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用漫画的形式
07:11
I've been doing this for the last 15 years年份;
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在过去的15年里我一直这样工作
07:14
it's my side job工作, if you want.
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这是我的副业,如果你也想干的话
07:16
So you see the style样式 is different不同.
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所以你看,风格不一样
07:18
This is more serious严重 than maybe editorial社论 cartooning漫画.
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这也许比社论漫画更严肃
07:21
I went to places地方 like Gaza加沙
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我去过一些地方,如加沙
07:24
during the war战争 in 2009.
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在2009年的战争期间
07:27
So this is really journalism新闻学 in cartoons卡通.
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所以这是真正的新闻漫画
07:29
You'll你会 hear more and more about it.
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你会听到越来越多的关于它的内容
07:31
This is the future未来 of journalism新闻学, I think.
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我认为这是新闻工作的未来
07:35
And of course课程, I went to see the rebels叛军 in the north.
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当然,我去见了北部的叛军
07:38
Those were poor较差的 guys fighting战斗 for their rights权利.
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那是些为争取自己权利而战的穷小子
07:40
There was an ethnic民族 side to this conflict冲突
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这场冲突中有种族因素
07:42
as very often经常 in Africa非洲.
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这在非洲很常见
07:45
And I went to see the DozoDOZO.
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我还去见了当地土著Dozo人
07:47
The DozoDOZO, they are the traditional传统 hunters猎人
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这些当地的Dozo人是
07:49
of West西 Africa非洲.
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西非的传统猎人
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People fear恐惧 them --
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人们惧怕他们
07:53
they help the rebellion暴动 a lot.
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他们经常帮助叛军
07:55
They are believed相信 to have magical神奇 powers权力.
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人们相信他们有神奇的力量
07:57
They can disappear消失 and escape逃逸 bullets子弹.
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他们能隐身,还能避弹
08:01
I went to see a DozoDOZO chief首席;
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我去见了一位Dozo人酋长
08:03
he told me about his magical神奇 powers权力.
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他告诉我他的这种神奇的力量
08:06
He said, "I can chop your head off right away
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他说:“我可以马上把你的脑袋砍下来
08:09
and bring带来 you back to life."
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然后让你复活。“
08:12
I said, "Well, maybe we don't have time for this right now."
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我说,“哦,也许现在我们没时间这么干。”
08:15
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:17
"Another另一个 time."
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“下次吧。”
08:19
So back in Abidjan阿比让,
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那么回到阿比让
08:22
I was given特定 a chance机会 to lead a workshop作坊
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我有一次机会来领导一个工作室
08:24
with local本地 cartoonists漫画家 there
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同那儿的当地漫画家一起
08:26
and I thought, yes,
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我想,是的,
08:28
in a context上下文 like this, cartoons卡通 can really be used as weapons武器
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在像这样一种情况下,漫画真的可以被用作武器
08:31
against反对 the other side.
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来对抗另一方
08:33
I mean, the press in Ivory象牙 Coast was bitterly divided分为 --
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我的意思是,象牙海岸的新闻界严重分裂
08:37
it was compared相比 to the media媒体 in Rwanda卢旺达
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可以与
08:39
before the genocide种族灭绝 --
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种族灭绝前的卢旺达媒体相提并论
08:41
so imagine想像.
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所以想象一下
08:43
And what can a cartoonist漫画家 do?
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一个漫画家可以有何作为?
08:45
Sometimes有时 editors编者 would tell their cartoonists漫画家
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有时候编辑会告诉他们手下的漫画家
08:47
to draw what they wanted to see,
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画些他们想看的东西
08:49
and the guy has to feed饲料 his family家庭, right?
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而这手下得养家糊口,对吗
08:53
So the idea理念 was pretty漂亮 simple简单.
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这样构思就非常简单了
08:55
We brought together一起 cartoonists漫画家
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我们把
08:58
from all sides双方 in Ivory象牙 Coast.
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象牙海岸所有不同立场的漫画家聚集在一起
09:01
We took them away from their newspaper报纸 for three days.
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我们让他们离开他们的报社3天
09:04
And I asked them to do a project项目 together一起,
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我要求他们一起合作一个项目
09:07
tackle滑车 the issues问题 affecting影响 their country国家
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用漫画来处理困扰他们国家的问题
09:10
in cartoons卡通, yes, in cartoons卡通.
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是的,用漫画的形式
09:13
Show显示 the positive power功率 of cartoons卡通.
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来表现漫画的积极力量
09:15
It's a great tool工具 of communication通讯
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这是一种伟大的交流工具
09:17
for bad or for good.
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不论是好是坏
09:19
And cartoons卡通 can cross交叉 boundaries边界,
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漫画可以超越某些界限
09:21
as you have seen看到.
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正如你所看见的
09:23
And humor幽默 is a good way, I think,
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而且我认为,幽默是一种
09:25
to address地址 serious严重 issues问题.
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表达严肃问题的好方式
09:28
And I'm very proud骄傲 of what they did.
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而且我对他们所作所为感到非常骄傲
09:30
I mean, they didn't agree同意 with each other -- that was not the point.
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我的意思是,他们并不互相苟同——那并不重要
09:33
And I didn't ask them to do nice不错 cartoons卡通.
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而且我没有要求他们画好漫画
09:35
The first day, they were even shouting叫喊 at each other.
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第一天,他们甚至互相吼叫
09:37
But they came来了 up with a book,
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但是他们最终出了本书
09:39
looking back at 13 years年份
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回顾了13年来
09:42
of political政治 crisis危机 in Ivory象牙 Coast.
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象牙海岸的政治危机
09:45
So the idea理念 was there.
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所以他们的想法都在书里
09:47
And I've been doing projects项目 like this,
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而且我一直在做类似的项目
09:49
in 2009 in Lebanon黎巴嫩,
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2009年在黎巴嫩
09:51
this year in Kenya肯尼亚, back in January一月.
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今年1月份,在肯尼亚
09:54
In Lebanon黎巴嫩, it was not a book.
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在黎巴嫩时,没有出书
09:56
The idea理念 was to have --
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构思建立在
09:58
the same相同 principal主要, a divided分为 country国家 --
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相同的原则上,一个分裂的国家——
10:00
take cartoonists漫画家 from all sides双方
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来自各方立场的漫画家
10:02
and let them do something together一起.
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让他们一起合作
10:04
So in Lebanon黎巴嫩,
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于是在黎巴嫩
10:06
we enrolled就读 the newspaper报纸 editors编者,
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我们拉报纸编辑们入伙
10:08
and we got them to publish发布
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而且我们让他们把
10:10
eight cartoonists漫画家 from all sides双方 all together一起 on the same相同 page,
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来自敌对各方的8位漫画家的作品一起发表在同一版面上
10:13
addressing解决 the issue问题 affecting影响 Lebanon黎巴嫩,
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讨论困扰黎巴嫩的问题
10:16
like religion宗教 in politics政治 and everyday每天 life.
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如政治中的宗教问题和日常生活问题
10:19
And it worked工作.
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这个方法起作用了
10:21
For three days, almost几乎 all the newspapers报纸 of Beirut贝鲁特
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整整3天,几乎贝鲁特所有的报纸
10:24
published发表 all those cartoonists漫画家 together一起 --
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都一起发表了那些漫画作品
10:26
anti-government反政府,
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反政府报纸
10:28
pro-government亲政府,
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亲政府报纸
10:30
Christian基督教,
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基督教报纸
10:33
Muslim穆斯林, of course课程,
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当然,还有穆斯林报纸
10:35
English-speaking英语会话, well, you name名称 it.
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英语报,嗯,你能想得到的所有报纸
10:37
So this was a great project项目.
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所以这是一个了不起的项目
10:39
And then in Kenya肯尼亚, what we did
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然后在肯尼亚,我们所做的项目
10:42
was addressing解决 the issue问题 of ethnicity种族,
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是讨论种族问题
10:44
which哪一个 is a poison in a lot of places地方 in Africa非洲.
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这在非洲的许多地方是个棘手问题
10:47
And we did video视频 clips剪辑 --
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而且我们制作了视频剪辑
10:50
you can see them if you go to YouTubeYouTube的/KenyatoonsKenyatoons.
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如果你们上Youtube/kenyatunes就可以观看这个视频
10:57
So, preaching说教 for freedom自由 of speech言语
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所以,在这儿宣扬言论自由
10:59
is easy简单 here,
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是小事一桩
11:01
but as you have seen看到
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但是正如你所知道的
11:03
in contexts上下文 of repression抑制 or division,
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在高压或分裂状态下
11:06
again, what can a cartoonist漫画家 do?
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一个漫画家又能做些什么呢?
11:08
He has to keep his job工作.
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他得保住饭碗
11:12
Well I believe that in any context上下文 anywhere随地,
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嗯, 我相信在任何地方的任何情况下
11:15
he always has the choice选择 at least最小
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他的选择总是起码
11:17
not to do a cartoon动画片
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避免作一幅漫画
11:19
that will feed饲料 hatred.
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来助长人与人之间的仇恨
11:22
And that's the message信息 I try to convey传达 to them.
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那就是我想向他们传达的信息
11:25
I think we all always have the choice选择 in the end结束
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我认为,无论是谁一直到最后都有机会选择
11:28
not to do the bad thing.
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不做坏事
11:32
But we need to support支持
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但是我们必须支持
11:34
these [unclear不明], critical危急
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这些批判性的、
11:36
and responsible主管 voices声音
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负责任的声音
11:39
in Africa非洲, in Lebanon黎巴嫩,
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不管是在非洲,还是在黎巴嫩
11:41
in your local本地 newspaper报纸,
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不论是在当地的报纸上,
11:44
in the Apple苹果 store商店.
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还是在苹果商店
11:48
Today今天, tech高科技 companies公司
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如今,科技公司
11:50
are the world's世界 largest最大 editors编者.
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成为世界上最大的编辑部
11:53
They decide决定 what is too offensive进攻
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他们决定你们看的东西哪些太无礼
11:55
or too provocative挑衅 for you to see.
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哪些太具争议
11:57
So really, it's not about the freedom自由 of cartoonists漫画家;
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所以,真的,这不是事关漫画家的自由
12:00
it's about your freedoms自由.
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这事关你们的自由
12:03
And for dictators独裁者 all over the world世界,
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而且对于全世界的独裁者来说
12:09
the good news新闻
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好消息就是
12:11
is when cartoonists漫画家,
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当漫画家们
12:13
journalists记者 and activists活动家 shut关闭 up.
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记者们和社会活动积极分子们都闭嘴的时候
12:18
Thank you.
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谢谢
12:20
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Mingzi Qu
Reviewed by Yanni Wu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Patrick Chappatte - Editorial cartoonist
Using clean, simple pencil strokes, editorial cartoonist Patrick Chappatte wields globally literate and to-the-point humor on world events -- the tragic, the farcical and the absurd.

Why you should listen

Patrick Chappatte is a global soul. Born in Pakistan to a Lebanese mother and a Swiss father, raised in Singapore, he has lived in New York and lives now in Geneva, Switzerland. Perhaps this explains his way of looking at world events, applying the unfettered perspective of humor to the tragic, the farcical and the absurd.

His simple line delivers pointed jokes. He draws for The International Herald Tribune (in English) and for the Swiss newspapers Le Temps (in French) and NZZ am Sonntag (in German), and in all three languages the subtle insightfulness of his cartoons consistently robs you of a laugh, or more.

More profile about the speaker
Patrick Chappatte | Speaker | TED.com