ABOUT THE SPEAKER
William McDonough - Architect
Architect William McDonough believes green design can prevent environmental disaster and drive economic growth. He champions “cradle to cradle” design, which considers a product's full life cycle -- from creation with sustainable materials to a recycled afterlife.

Why you should listen

Architect William McDonough practices green architecture on a massive scale. In a 20-year project, he is redesigning Ford's city-sized River Rouge truck plant and turning it into the Rust Belt's eco-poster child, with the world's largest "living roof" for reclaiming storm runoff. He has created buildings that produce more energy and clean water than they use. He is building the future of design on the site of the future of exploration: the NASA Sustainability Base. Oh, and he's designing seven entirely new and entirely green cities in China.

Bottom-line economic benefits are another specialty of McDonough's practice. A tireless proponent of the idea that absolute sustainability and economic success can go hand-in-hand, he's designed buildings for the Gap, Nike, Frito-Lay and Ford that have lowered corporate utility bills by capturing daylight for lighting, using natural ventilation instead of AC, and heating with solar or geothermal energy. They're also simply nicer places to work, surrounded by natural landscaping that gives back to the biosphere, showcasing their innovative culture.

In 2002, McDonough co-wrote Cradle to Cradle, which proposes that designers think as much about what happens at the end of a product's life cycle as they do about its beginning. (The book itself is printed on recyclable plastic.) From this, he is developing the Cradle to Cradle community, where like-minded designers and businesspeople can grow the idea. In 2012, McDonough began collaborating with Stanford University Libraries on a “living archive” of his work and communications. He has been awarded three times by the US government, and in 2014, McDonough was appointed as Chair of the Meta-Council on the Circular Economy by the World Economic Forum.

More profile about the speaker
William McDonough | Speaker | TED.com
TED2005

William McDonough: Cradle to cradle design

William McDonough 談「從搖籃到搖籃」理念

Filmed:
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致力於環保的建築師兼設計師 William McDonough 問,如果設計師心繫所有子孫、所有物種、直到永遠,我們的建築及產品會是什麼樣子?
- Architect
Architect William McDonough believes green design can prevent environmental disaster and drive economic growth. He champions “cradle to cradle” design, which considers a product's full life cycle -- from creation with sustainable materials to a recycled afterlife. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:26
In 1962, with Rachel雷切爾 Carson's卡森的 "Silent無聲 Spring彈簧,"
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1962 年,根據瑞秋•卡森寫的書「寂靜的春天」,
00:30
I think for people like me in the world世界 of the making製造 of things,
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對像我這樣創作物件領域的人而言,
00:35
the canary金絲雀 in the mine wasn't singing唱歌.
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礦坑中的黃絲雀不唱歌了。
00:39
And so the question that we might威力 not have birds鳥類
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因此,「可能沒有鳥」這個問題,
00:42
became成為 kind of fundamental基本的 to those of us wandering飄零 around
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對四處找尋似已消失的北美野雲雀的我們
00:45
looking for the meadowlarks草地鷚 that seemed似乎 to have all disappeared消失.
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變得至為根本。
00:48
And the question was, were the birds鳥類 singing唱歌?
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問題本來應該是:鳥在唱歌嗎?
00:51
Now, I'm not a scientist科學家, that'll那會 be really clear明確.
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我不是科學家,這一點是很明白的。
00:55
But, you know, we've我們已經 just come from this discussion討論 of what a bird might威力 be.
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但是,我們剛剛才討論過「鳥」可能是什麼。
00:59
What is a bird?
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什麼是「鳥」?
01:00
Well, in my world世界, this is a rubber橡膠 duck.
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在我的世界,這是個塑膠鴨。
01:04
It comes in California加州 with a warning警告 --
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它來自加州,附有警告:
01:06
"This product產品 contains包含 chemicals化學製品 known已知 by the State of California加州
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「此產品含有加州政府認定會
01:09
to cause原因 cancer癌症 and birth分娩 defects缺陷 or other reproductive生殖 harm危害."
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造成癌症、畸胎、或其他生育傷害的化學物質。」
01:16
This is a bird.
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這是一隻鳥。
01:19
What kind of culture文化 would produce生產 a product產品 of this kind
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怎樣的文化會製造這種產品,
01:22
and then label標籤 it and sell it to children孩子?
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標示後,又賣給兒童?
01:27
I think we have a design設計 problem問題.
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我想我們有設計的問題。
01:30
Someone有人 heard聽說 the six hours小時 of talk that I gave
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有人聽了我在全國公共電台講六小時的
01:35
called "The Monticello蒙蒂塞洛 Dialogues對話" on NPR美國國家公共電台, and sent發送 me this as a thank you note注意 --
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「蒙提切羅對話」後,寄給我這個感謝詞:
01:41
"We realize實現 that design設計 is a signal信號 of intention意向,
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「我們體認到設計是意圖的信號,
01:43
but it also has to occur發生 within a world世界,
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而它也必須發生在世界裡,
01:46
and we have to understand理解 that world世界 in order訂購 to
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我們必須明白那個世界,
01:50
imbue our designs設計 with inherent固有 intelligence情報,
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以便使固有的智慧注入我們的設計,
01:53
and so as we look back at the basic基本 state of affairs事務
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因此當我們回顧我們所設計
01:58
in which哪一個 we design設計, we, in a way, need to go to the primordial原始 condition條件
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事物的基本狀態,我們有必要回到原始條件
02:03
to understand理解 the operating操作 system系統 and the frame conditions條件 of a planet行星,
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去了解星球的運行系統及架構條件,
02:08
and I think the exciting扣人心弦 part部分 of that is the good news新聞 that's there,
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我認為有個令人振奮的部分,即那裡存有好的消息,
02:13
because the news新聞 is the news新聞 of abundance豐富,
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因為該消息是充裕的消息,
02:16
and not the news新聞 of limits範圍,
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而不是稀少的消息,
02:18
and I think as our culture文化 tortures折磨 itself本身 now
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而我認為既然我們的文化現在如此殘暴自虐,
02:23
with tyrannies暴政 and concerns關注 over limits範圍 and fear恐懼,
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並對稀少及恐懼如此關切,
02:28
we can add this other dimension尺寸 of abundance豐富 that is coherent相干,
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我們可加上這充裕的另一面向,它是穩固的、
02:33
driven驅動 by the sun太陽, and start開始 to imagine想像
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由太陽驅動的,然後開始想像
02:35
what that would be like to share分享."
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分享會是什麼樣子。」
02:42
That was a nice不錯 thing to get.
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收到這個感覺不錯。
02:44
That was one sentence句子.
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它只是一句話。
02:48
Henry亨利 James詹姆士 would be proud驕傲.
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亨利•詹姆斯將會感到驕傲。
02:50
This is -- I put it down at the bottom底部,
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我把它放在投影片底下,
02:52
but that was extemporaneous即席, obviously明顯.
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但顯然,這是一時興起的。
02:55
The fundamental基本的 issue問題 is that, for me,
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在我看來,根本的議題是,
02:58
design設計 is the first signal信號 of human人的 intentions意圖.
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設計是人類意圖的第一個信號。
03:00
So what are our intentions意圖, and what would our intentions意圖 be --
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那麼,我們的意圖是什麼,我們的意圖會怎樣 —
03:04
if we wake喚醒 up in the morning早上, we have designs設計 on the world世界 --
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如果我們早上醒來,我們設計著這個世界 —
03:07
well, what would our intention意向 be as a species種類
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身為一個物種,我們的意圖是什麼?
03:09
now that we're the dominant優勢 species種類?
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既然我們是優勢物種。
03:11
And it's not just stewardship管家 and dominion主權 debate辯論,
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而那不只是掌理和統領的辯論,
03:14
because really, dominion主權 is implicit含蓄 in stewardship管家 --
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因為說真的,統領意味著掌理 —
03:20
because how could you dominate支配 something you had killed殺害?
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因為你如何統領你殺死的東西?
03:22
And stewardship's領導的 implicit含蓄 in dominion主權,
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而掌理也意味著統領,
03:24
because you can't be steward管家 of something if you can't dominate支配 it.
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因為你無法掌理事情,如果你無法統領它。
03:26
So the question is, what is the first question for designers設計師?
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因此,問題是:設計師的第一道問題是什麼?
03:32
Now, as guardians監護人 -- let's say the state, for example,
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現在身為守護者 — 例如國家,
03:35
which哪一個 reserves儲量 the right to kill, the right to be duplicitous兩面三刀 and so on --
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它擁有殺人、欺矇等權利 —
03:40
the question we're asking the guardian監護人 at this point is
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現在我們問守護者的問題是:
03:43
are we meant意味著, how are we meant意味著,
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我們是否有意、或我們打算如何
03:45
to secure安全 local本地 societies社會, create創建 world世界 peace和平
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去保障地區社會、締造世界和平
03:47
and save保存 the environment環境?
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及拯救環境?
03:49
But I don't know that that's the common共同 debate辯論.
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但是我不知道這是個常見的爭論。
03:52
Commerce商業, on the other hand, is relatively相對 quick,
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另一方面,商業相對而言是快速的、
03:56
essentially實質上 creative創作的, highly高度 effective有效 and efficient高效,
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本質上有創意、效率高、
03:58
and fundamentally從根本上 honest誠實, because we can't exchange交換
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且基本上是誠實的,因為如果沒有互信
04:01
value for very long if we don't trust相信 each other.
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我們很難保持企業的永續經營。
04:05
So we use the tools工具 of commerce商業 primarily主要 for our work,
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因此,我們基本上使用商業工具來工作,
04:07
but the question we bring帶來 to it is,
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但我們問它的問題是:
04:09
how do we love all the children孩子 of all species種類 for all time?
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我們要如何珍愛所有物種及其後代直到永遠?
04:13
And so we start開始 our designs設計 with that question.
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因此我們以這個問題開始設計。
04:16
Because what we realize實現 today今天 is that modern現代 culture文化
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因為今天我們了解的是現代文化
04:18
appears出現 to have adopted採用 a strategy戰略 of tragedy悲劇.
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採用的策略會導致悲劇。
04:21
If we come here and say, "Well, I didn't intend打算
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如果我們到現在還說:「嗯,我没料到
04:23
to cause原因 global全球 warming變暖 on the way here,"
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會造成這樣的全球暖化」,
04:24
and we say, "That's not part部分 of my plan計劃,"
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並且說:「那不是我原本的計畫」,
04:26
then we realize實現 it's part部分 of our de facto事實上 plan計劃.
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則我們知道,事實上這是我們所導致的後果。
04:29
Because it's the thing that's happening事件 because we have no other plan計劃.
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因為我們缺乏其他配套措施,才導致這些事的發生。
04:32
And I was at the White白色 House for President主席 Bush襯套,
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布希總統請我到白宮
04:34
meeting會議 with every一切 federal聯邦 department and agency機構,
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與聯邦各部門開會,
04:36
and I pointed out that they appear出現 to have no plan計劃.
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我指出他們好像沒有計畫。
04:40
If the end結束 game遊戲 is global全球 warming變暖, they're doing great.
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如果結局是要全球暖化,他們幹得很好。
04:42
If the end結束 game遊戲 is mercury toxification毒化 of our children孩子
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如果結局是火力發電廠下風處兒童的汞中毒,
04:45
downwind順風 of coal煤炭 fire plants植物 as they scuttled鑿沉 the Clean清潔 Air空氣 Act法案,
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因為他們扼殺了清淨空氣法案,
04:48
then I see that our education教育 programs程式 should be explicitly明確地 defined定義 as,
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因而我認為我們的教育方案應該重新訂定為:
04:52
"Brain death死亡 for all children孩子. No child兒童 left behind背後."
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「全部兒童腦死,一個不留」。
04:54
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
04:58
So, the question is, how many許多 federal聯邦 officials官員
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所以,問題是:有幾個聯邦官員
05:02
are ready準備 to move移動 to Ohio俄亥俄州 and Pennsylvania賓夕法尼亞 with their families家庭?
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準備好帶著家人移居到俄亥俄州和賓州?
05:05
So if you don't have an endgame結束遊戲 of something delightful愉快,
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因此如果你沒有能讓人愉悅的目的,
05:09
then you're just moving移動 chess pieces around,
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那麼你就如無頭蒼蠅四處亂竄,
05:11
if you don't know you're taking服用 the king國王.
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因為你看不到目標。
05:12
So perhaps也許 we could develop發展 a strategy戰略 of change更改,
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因此也許我們可以想出一個策略來改變,
05:15
which哪一個 requires要求 humility謙遜. And in my business商業 as an architect建築師,
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那需要謙虛。在我從事的建築師行業中,
05:18
it's unfortunate不幸的 the word "humility謙遜" and the word "architect建築師"
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佷不幸地,「謙虛」和「建築師」這兩個詞,
05:22
have not appeared出現 in the same相同 paragraph since以來 "The Fountainhead源泉."
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從 "The Fountainhead" 一書後,就不曾在同段文字出現過。
05:25
So if anybody任何人 here has trouble麻煩 with the concept概念 of design設計 humility謙遜,
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在場如果有人對這個「設計師的謙虛」概念有疑問,
05:30
reflect反映 on this -- it took us 5,000 years年份
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聽聽這句話:我們花了 5000 年
05:33
to put wheels車輪 on our luggage行李.
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才為行李箱裝上輪子。
05:37
So, as Kevin凱文 Kelly黃綠色 pointed out, there is no endgame結束遊戲.
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因此,誠如 Kevin Kelly 所說,沒有結局。
05:42
There is an infinite無窮 game遊戲, and we're playing播放 in that infinite無窮 game遊戲.
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是個無止境的賽局,我們身處在這個無止境的賽局中。
05:46
And so we call it "cradle搖籃 to cradle搖籃,"
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因此稱它為「從搖籃到搖籃」,
05:48
and our goal目標 is very simple簡單.
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我們的目標非常單純。
05:49
This is what I presented呈現 to the White白色 House.
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這是我對白宮的簡報。
05:51
Our goal目標 is a delightfully興高采烈 diverse多種, safe安全, healthy健康 and just world世界,
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我們的目標是一個快樂而多元的、安全的、健康的及正義的世界,
05:54
with clean清潔 air空氣, clean清潔 water, soil and power功率 --
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有著清淨的空氣、清淨的水、土壤和電力 —
05:57
economically經濟, equitably公平, ecologically生態 and elegantly優雅 enjoyed享受, period.
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經濟地、均衡地、環保地及優雅地享用。
06:01
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
06:04
What don't you like about this?
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這句話中你有不喜歡的地方嗎?
06:07
Which哪一個 part部分 of this don't you like?
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哪一部分你不喜歡?
06:09
So we realized實現 we want full充分 diversity多樣,
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所以我們要充分多元,
06:11
even though雖然 it can be difficult to remember記得 what De Gaulle戴高樂 said
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即使記不住戴高樂被問及
06:14
when asked what it was like to be President主席 of France法國.
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「當法國總統的感覺如何」時說了什麼。
06:16
He said, "What do you think it's like trying to run a country國家 with 400 kinds of cheese起司?"
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他說:「你認為經營有 400 種乳酪的國家感覺如何?」
06:20
But at the same相同 time, we realize實現 that our products製品 are not safe安全 and healthy健康.
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但同時,我們知道我們的產品並不安全及健康。
06:23
So we've我們已經 designed設計 products製品
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因此當我們設計出了產品,
06:25
and we analyzed分析 chemicals化學製品 down to the parts部分 per million百萬.
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我們分析其化學成份到 ppm 層次。
06:27
This is a baby寶寶 blanket by Pendleton彭德爾頓 that will give your child兒童 nutrition營養
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這是 Pendleton 公司的嬰兒毯,它給你的小孩養分
06:30
instead代替 of Alzheimer's老年癡呆症 later後來 in life.
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而不是老年痴呆症。
06:32
We can ask ourselves我們自己, what is justice正義,
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我們可以自問,何謂正義、
06:34
and is justice正義 blind, or is justice正義 blindness失明?
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正義是否盲了、或正義就是盲目?
06:38
And at what point did that uniform制服 turn from white白色 to black黑色?
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在哪一點她的制服由白變黑?
06:43
Water has been declared聲明 a human人的 right by the United聯合的 Nations國家.
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聯合國已經宣布了水資源同樣具有人權。
06:46
Air空氣 quality質量 is an obvious明顯 thing to anyone任何人 who breathes吐氣.
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需要呼吸的人都能很明顯的察覺空氣品質狀況。
06:48
Is there anybody任何人 here who doesn't breathe呼吸?
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這裡有人不需要呼吸嗎?
06:51
Clean清潔 soil is a critical危急 problem問題 -- the nitrification硝化, the dead zones
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乾淨的土壤是個關鍵問題 — 土壤硝化、
06:54
in the Gulf海灣 of Mexico墨西哥.
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墨西哥灣的死亡區。
06:56
A fundamental基本的 issue問題 that's not being存在 addressed解決.
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全是未處理的基本議題。
06:58
We've我們已經 seen看到 the first form形成 of solar太陽能 energy能源
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我們已看到太陽能首先以風的形式
07:00
that's beat擊敗 the hegemony霸權 of fossil化石 fuels燃料 in the form形成 of wind
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在在北美大平原區打敗了石化燃料的統治,
07:03
here in the Great Plains平原, and so that hegemony霸權 is leaving離開.
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因此石化業者逐漸退出市場。
07:06
And if we remember記得 Sheikh謝赫 Yamani亞馬尼 when he formed形成 OPEC歐佩克,
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如果我們記得當亞瑪尼親王在成立石油輸出國組織時,
07:09
they asked him, "When will we see the end結束 of the age年齡 of oil?"
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有人問他:「石油時代何時會結束?」
07:12
I don't know if you remember記得 his answer回答, but it was,
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不知你是否記得他的回答,他說:
07:15
"The Stone Age年齡 didn't end結束 because we ran out of stones石頭."
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「石器時代不是因為我們用完石頭才結束的。」
07:19
We see that companies公司 acting演戲 ethically道德 in this world世界
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我們看到世界上行為合於倫理的公司
07:23
are outperforming成效超越 those that don't.
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表現勝過那些不合倫理的。
07:24
We see the flows流動 of materials物料 in a rather terrifying可怕的 prospect展望.
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我們看到材料流的前景可慮。
07:29
This is a hospital醫院 monitor監控 from Los洛杉磯 Angeles洛杉磯, sent發送 to China中國.
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這是醫院的顯示器,從洛杉磯運到中國去。
07:32
This woman女人 will expose暴露 herself她自己 to toxic有毒的 phosphorous磷的,
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這個婦人將接觸有毒的磷,
07:35
release發布 four pounds英鎊 of toxic有毒的 lead into her childrens'兒童“ environment環境,
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放出四磅有毒的鉛到她子孫的環境中,
07:38
which哪一個 is from copper.
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那是從銅來的。
07:40
On the other hand, we see great signs跡象 of hope希望.
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另方面,我們看到希望的大好跡象。
07:42
Here's這裡的 Dr博士. VenkataswamyVenkataswamy in India印度, who's誰是 figured想通 out
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這是印度的 Venkataswamy 醫師,
07:45
how to do mass-produced大規模生產的 health健康.
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他想出了大量保健的方法。
07:47
He has given特定 eyesight眼力 to two million百萬 people for free自由.
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他免費替 200 萬人矯正視力。
07:51
We see in our material材料 flows流動 that car汽車 steels don't become成為 car汽車 steel again
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從材料流我們發現,汽車鋼材不能再當汽車鋼材用,
07:54
because of the contaminants污染物 of the coatings塗料 --
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因為它的塗裝含有:
07:56
bismuth, antimony, copper and so on.
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鉍、銻、銅、等等污染物。
07:58
They become成為 building建造 steel.
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所以它們變成了建材。
07:59
On the other hand, we're working加工 with Berkshire伯克希爾 Hathaway哈撒韋,
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另一方面,我們和 Berkshire Hathaway,
08:01
Warren養兔場 Buffett巴菲特 and Shaw Carpet地毯,
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Warren Buffett and Shaw Carpet 公司合作,
08:04
the largest最大 carpet地毯 company公司 in the world世界.
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它是世界最大的地毯公司。
08:05
We've我們已經 developed發達 a carpet地毯 that is continuously一直 recyclable可回收,
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我們已開發了一種可持續循環利用的地毯,
08:08
down to the parts部分 per million百萬.
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達到 ppm 的層次。
08:11
The upper is Nylon尼龍 6 that can go back to caprolactam己內酰胺,
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上層是尼龍6,那可回收為己內醯胺,
08:14
the bottom底部, a polyolephinepolyolephine -- infinitely無限地 recyclable可回收 thermoplastic熱塑性.
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底層是聚烯烴 — 一種可無限次回收的熱塑性塑料。
08:17
Now if I was a bird, the building建造 on my left is a liability責任.
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如果我是鳥,左邊的建築對我是危險的。
08:21
The building建造 on my right, which哪一個 is our corporate企業 campus校園 for The Gap間隙
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右邊的建築是我們為 The Gap 公司建的企業園區,
08:24
with an ancient meadow草地, is an asset財富 -- its nesting嵌套 grounds理由.
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屋頂上有原始的草原,是一項資產 — 築巢的好地方。
08:29
Here's這裡的 where I come from. I grew成長 up in Hong香港 Kong,
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這是我的故鄉。我在香港長大:
08:31
with six million百萬 people in 40 square廣場 miles英里.
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600 萬人住在 40 平方英哩土地上。
08:33
During the dry season季節, we had four hours小時 of water every一切 fourth第四 day.
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旱季裡,每四天只供水四小時。
08:37
And the relationship關係 to landscape景觀 was that of farmers農民 who have been
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與土地的關係是這樣的:
08:40
farming農業 the same相同 piece of ground地面 for 40 centuries百年.
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農民在同一塊地耕種了 4000 年。
08:44
You can't farm農場 the same相同 piece of ground地面 for 40 centuries百年
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你不可能耕種同一塊土地 4000 年
08:46
without understanding理解 nutrient養分 flow.
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而不知它的養分流向。
08:49
My childhood童年 summers夏天 were in the Puget普吉 Sound聲音 of Washington華盛頓,
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我的童年夏日在華盛頓普捷灣度過,
08:52
among其中 the first growth發展 and big growth發展.
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徜徉在初生及茁壯的樹林裡。
08:54
My grandfather祖父 had been a lumberjack樵夫 in the Olympics奧運會,
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我祖父曾是奧林匹克伐木工,
08:56
so I have a lot of tree karma因果報應 I am working加工 off.
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因此我背負許多樹木業障,正在設法消除。
09:01
I went to Yale耶魯 for graduate畢業 school學校,
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我在耶魯大學讀研究所,
09:03
studied研究 in a building建造 of this style樣式 by Le Corbusier柯布西耶,
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在這一棟柯比意風格的大樓裡讀書,
09:05
affectionately深情 known已知 in our business商業 as Brutalism粗獷.
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我們這行在情意上稱之為「粗野主義」。
09:09
If we look at the world世界 of architecture建築,
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如果我們看看建築的世界,
09:12
we see with Mies'密斯 1928 tower for Berlin柏林,
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我們看到密斯 1928 年的柏林高塔,
09:15
the question might威力 be, "Well, where's哪裡 the sun太陽?"
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問題可能是:「太陽在哪裡?」
09:17
And this might威力 have worked工作 in Berlin柏林, but we built內置 it in Houston休斯頓,
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這也許對柏林可行,但我們把它蓋在休士頓,
09:20
and the windows視窗 are all closed關閉. And with most products製品
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窗子全關著。並由於大部分產品
09:23
appearing出現 not to have been designed設計 for indoor室內 use,
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顯然不是設計供室內使用,
09:25
this is actually其實 a vertical垂直 gas加油站 chamber.
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這實質上是一個垂直的毒氣室。
09:28
When I went to Yale耶魯, we had the first energy能源 crisis危機,
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我在耶魯時,正逢第一次能源危機,
09:31
and I was designing設計 the first solar-heated太陽能加熱 house in Ireland愛爾蘭
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我設計了愛爾蘭的第一個太陽能暖氣房子,
09:33
as a student學生, which哪一個 I then built內置 --
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當時我是學生,建了那房子 —
09:35
which哪一個 would give you a sense of my ambition志向.
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這讓你感受到我的雄心。
09:37
And Richard理查德 Meier邁耶, who was one of my teachers教師,
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Richard Meiers 是我的老師之一 ,
09:39
kept不停 coming未來 over to my desk to give me criticism批評,
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常來我桌前批評我,
09:41
and he would say, "Bill法案, you've got to understand-理解- --
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他會說:「比爾,你要明白 —
09:43
solar太陽能 energy能源 has nothing to do with architecture建築."
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太陽能和建築沒什麼關係。」
09:51
I guess猜測 he didn't read Vitruvius維特魯威.
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我猜他沒有讀過維特魯威。
09:53
In 1984, we did the first so-called所謂 "green綠色 office辦公室" in America美國
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1984 年,我們設計了美國第一棟所謂的「綠色辦公室」,
09:57
for Environmental環境的 Defense防禦.
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為環保局設計的。
09:58
We started開始 asking manufacturers製造商 what were in their materials物料.
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我們開始問生產商他們材料的成分。
10:01
They said, "They're proprietary所有權, they're legal法律, go away."
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他們說:「它們都是適宜的,它們都合法,滾開吧。」
10:03
The only indoor室內 quality質量 work doneDONE in this country國家 at that time
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當時全國唯一的室內品質研究
10:05
was sponsored贊助 by R.J. Reynolds雷諾茲 Tobacco煙草 Company公司,
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是由 R.J. Reynolds 菸草公司所贊助,
10:08
and it was to prove證明 there was no danger危險
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研究目的是要證明
10:09
from secondhand二手 smoke抽煙 in the workplace職場.
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工作區的二手菸是無害的。
10:12
So, all of a sudden突然, here I am, graduating畢業 from high school學校 in 1969,
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因此,突然間,1969 年我從高中畢業,
10:16
and this happens發生, and we realize實現 that "away" went away.
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事情發生了,我們知道「丟棄」離我們而去了。
10:19
Remember記得 we used to throw things away, and we'd星期三 point to away?
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記得我們習慣拋棄物品、我們有理由抛棄?
10:23
And yet然而, NOAANOAA has now shown顯示 us, for example --
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而美國海洋及大氣管理局的資料顯示,像這個 —
10:25
you see that little blue藍色 thing above以上 Hawaii夏威夷?
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看到夏威夷上方的那塊藍色嗎?
10:27
That's the Pacific和平的 Gyre環流.
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那是太平洋環流。
10:28
It was recently最近 dragged for plankton浮游生物 by scientists科學家們,
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科學家近來抽取那邊的浮游生物,
10:30
and they found發現 six times as much plastic塑料 as plankton浮游生物.
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他們發現六倍於浮游生物的塑膠。
10:34
When asked, they said, "It's kind of like a giant巨人 toilet廁所 that doesn't flush紅暈."
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當被問到此事,他們說:「就像個阻塞的巨型馬桶。」
10:39
Perhaps也許 that's away.
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也許這就是抛棄。
10:40
So we're looking for the design設計 rules規則 of this --
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因此我們在找尋設計規則 —
10:42
this is the highest最高 biodiversity生物多樣性 of trees樹木 in the world世界, Irian伊里安 Jaya再也,
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這是世界上最具多樣性的樹林,伊利安查亞,
10:44
259 species種類 of tree, and we described描述 this
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259 個樹種,在「從搖籃到搖籃」
10:48
in the book, "Cradle搖籃 to Cradle搖籃."
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書中有提到。
10:49
The book itself本身 is a polymer聚合物. It is not a tree.
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那本書用的紙是聚合物。它不使用樹木。
10:53
That's the name名稱 of the first chapter章節 -- "This Book is Not a Tree."
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書的第一章就叫做「這本書不是一棵樹」。
10:56
Because in poetics詩論, as Margaret瑪格麗特 Atwood阿特伍德 pointed out,
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在詩裡,瑪格麗特•愛特伍德寫著:
10:59
"we write our history歷史 on the skin皮膚 of fish
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「我們把歷史寫在魚皮上
11:01
with the blood血液 of bears."
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用熊的血寫。」
11:04
And with so much polymer聚合物, what we really need
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用了那麼多聚合物,我們真正需要的是技術養分,
11:05
is technical技術 nutrition營養, and to use something
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並使用像樹一樣優雅的東西 —
11:08
as elegant優雅 as a tree -- imagine想像 this design設計 assignment分配:
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想想這樣的一個設計習題:
11:11
Design設計 something that makes品牌 oxygen, sequesters carbon,
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設計一樣東西會造氧、固碳、
11:13
fixes修復 nitrogen, distills蒸餾出 water, accrues應計 solar太陽能 energy能源 as fuel汽油,
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固氮、濾水、儲存太陽能為燃料、
11:17
makes品牌 complex複雜 sugars and food餐飲, creates創建 microclimates小氣候,
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製造複合醣和食物、建立微型氣候、
11:21
changes變化 colors顏色 with the seasons季節 and self-replicates自我複製.
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隨季節變色並能自我複製。
11:27
Well, why don't we knock that down and write on it?
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那麼,讓我們砍了它並用它來書寫吧?
11:29
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
11:35
So, we're looking at the same相同 criteria標準
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因此,我們看的基準和大部分人
11:37
as most people -- you know, can I afford給予 it?
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是一樣的 — 如:我付擔得起嗎?
11:39
Does it work? Do I like it?
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它有效嗎?我喜歡它嗎?
11:41
We're adding加入 the Jeffersonian杰斐遜 agenda議程, and I come from Charlottesville夏洛茨維爾,
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我們更加上傑弗遜風格的列表,因為我來自夏洛特斯維爾,
11:43
where I've had the privilege特權 of living活的 in a house designed設計 by Thomas托馬斯 Jefferson杰斐遜.
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在那裡我有幸住在湯瑪斯•傑弗遜設計所的房子裡。
11:47
We're adding加入 life, liberty自由 and the pursuit追求 of happiness幸福.
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我們加上生命、自由和追求幸福。
11:53
Now if we look at the word "competition競爭,"
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如果我們來看競爭這個字,
11:54
I'm sure most of you've used it.
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我相信你們都用過它。
11:56
You know, most people don't realize實現 it comes from
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你知道嗎,大部分人不知道它來自
11:57
the Latin拉丁 competerecompetere, which哪一個 means手段 strive努力 together一起.
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拉丁文 competare,意思是一起奮鬥。
12:00
It means手段 the way Olympic奧林匹克 athletes運動員 train培養 with each other.
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就是奧林匹克運動員彼此訓練的方式。
12:03
They get fit適合 together一起, and then they compete競爭.
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他們一起鍛練體能,然後競爭。
12:06
The Williams威廉姆斯 sisters姐妹 compete競爭 -- one wins Wimbledon溫布爾登.
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威廉斯姐妹競爭 — 一人贏得溫布頓網球賽。
12:08
So we've我們已經 been looking at the idea理念 of competition競爭
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因此我們一直在檢視競爭的概念,
12:11
as a way of cooperating合作 in order訂購 to get fit適合 together一起.
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一種一起向前邁進的合作概念。
12:15
And the Chinese中文 government政府 has now --
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而目前中國政府 —
12:16
I work with the Chinese中文 government政府 now --
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我替中國政府工作 —
12:18
has taken採取 this up.
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已採取了這個方式。
12:20
We're also looking at survival生存 of the fittest適者生存,
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我們也檢視「適者生存」,
12:22
not in just competition競爭 terms條款 in our modern現代 context上下文
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不是用在我們現代的競爭方式
12:24
of destroy破壞 the other or beat擊敗 them to the ground地面,
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去把對方毀掉或打倒,
12:27
but really to fit適合 together一起 and build建立 niches壁龕
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而是一起適應、建立利基
12:29
and have growth發展 that is good.
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並一起成長,那樣很好。
12:31
Now most environmentalists環保主義者 don't say growth發展 is good,
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現在大部分環保人士不說成長是好的,
12:33
because, in our lexicon詞庫, asphalt瀝青 is two words: assigning分配 blame.
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因為在我們的字典裡,瀝青是受責難的字眼。
12:38
But if we look at asphalt瀝青 as our growth發展,
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但如果我們視瀝青為我們的成長,
12:41
then we realize實現 that all we're doing is destroying銷毀
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則我們體認到我們所做的是在破壞
12:43
the planetary's行星的 fundamental基本的 underlying底層 operating操作 system系統.
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地球的基本運作系統。
12:47
So when we see E equals等於 mcMC squared平方 come along沿, from a poet's詩人的 perspective透視,
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因此,當我們以詩人的觀點看待 E 等於 MC 平方,
12:52
we see energy能源 as physics物理, chemistry化學 as mass,
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我們看能量是物理、化學是質量,
12:54
and all of a sudden突然, you get this biology生物學.
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突然間,你得到生物學。
12:56
And we have plenty豐富 of energy能源, so we'll solve解決 that problem問題,
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我們有的是能量,所以我們會解決問題,
12:59
but the biology生物學 problem's問題 tricky狡猾, because as we put through通過
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但生物學的問題是微妙的,因為當我們處置了
13:02
all these toxic有毒的 materials物料 that we disgorge吐出,
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排出的有毒材料,
13:05
we will never be able能夠 to recover恢復 that.
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我們將永遠無法恢復它。
13:07
And as Francis弗朗西斯 Crick克里克 pointed out, nine years年份
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誠如法蘭西斯•克里克所指出,
13:09
after discovering發現 DNA脫氧核糖核酸 with Mr先生. Watson沃森,
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在和華生發現 DNA 後九年,
13:12
that life itself本身 has to have growth發展 as a precondition前提 --
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生命要能成長的前提是 —
13:16
it has to have free自由 energy能源, sunlight陽光
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它要有免費能源、陽光
13:18
and it needs需求 to be an open打開 system系統 of chemicals化學製品.
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且它應是一個化學物質的開放系統。
13:21
So we're asking for human人的 artifice技巧 to become成為 a living活的 thing,
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因此,我們要把人造物品變成生命體,
13:24
and we want growth發展, we want free自由 energy能源 from sunlight陽光
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我們要成長,我們要來自太陽的免費能源
13:26
and we want an open打開 metabolism代謝 for chemicals化學製品.
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我們要化學物質的開放式代謝系統。
13:29
Then, the question becomes not growth發展 or no growth發展,
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接著,「長或不長」就已經不是問題了,
13:31
but what do you want to grow增長?
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而是:你要長成什麼?
13:34
So instead代替 of just growing生長 destruction毀壞,
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因此,反之於破壞成長,
13:36
we want to grow增長 the things that we might威力 enjoy請享用,
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我們要使我們可享受的事物成長,
13:38
and someday日後 the FDAFDA will allow允許 us to make French法國 cheese起司.
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有一天食品藥物局將允許我們做法式乳酪。
13:41
So therefore因此, we have these two metabolisms代謝,
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因此,我們有兩個代謝系統,
13:45
and I worked工作 with a German德語 chemist化學家, Michael邁克爾 Braungart布朗嘉,
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我與一位德國化學家 Michael Braungart 合作,
13:47
and we've我們已經 identified確定 the two fundamental基本的 metabolisms代謝.
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我們找到兩個基本的代謝系統。
13:49
The biological生物 one I'm sure you understand理解,
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生物的代謝系統,我確定你明白,
13:51
but also the technical技術 one, where we take materials物料
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還有一個是技術代謝系統,
13:53
and put them into closed關閉 cycles週期.
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我們把材料放在封閉循環中。
13:55
We call them biological生物 nutrition營養 and technical技術 nutrition營養.
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我們稱它們為生物養分及技術養分。
13:58
Technical技術 nutrition營養 will be in an order訂購 of magnitude大小 of biological生物 nutrition營養.
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技術養分將是生物養分的十倍量。
14:02
Biological生物 nutrition營養 can supply供應 about 500 million百萬 humans人類,
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生物養分可以供養五億人,
14:05
which哪一個 means手段 that if we all wore穿著 Birkenstocks勃肯鞋 and cotton,
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亦即如果我們都穿勃肯鞋和棉織品,
14:07
the world世界 would run out of cork軟木 and dry up.
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世界會因為軟木耗盡而枯竭。
14:10
So we need materials物料 in closed關閉 cycles週期,
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因此我們需要將材料放入封閉循環系統,
14:12
but we need to analyze分析 them down to the parts部分 per million百萬
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但我們要以 ppm 層級來分析這些材料有否
14:14
for cancer癌症, birth分娩 defects缺陷, mutagenic致突變性 effects效果,
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癌症、生育缺陷、突變、
14:17
disruption瓦解 of our immune免疫的 systems系統, biodegradation生物降解, persistence堅持,
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免疫系統破換、生物可分解性、耐用性、
14:20
heavy metal金屬 content內容, knowledge知識 of how we're making製造 them
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重金屬含量、還有我們如何製造它們
14:23
and their production生產 and so on.
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和生產它們的知識等等。
14:25
Our first product產品 was a textile紡織品 where we analyzed分析 8,000 chemicals化學製品
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我們的首件產品是紡織品,我們分析了紡織產業的
14:29
in the textile紡織品 industry行業.
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9800 種化學物質。
14:30
Using運用 those intellectual知識分子 filters過濾器, we eliminated淘汰 [7,962.]
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使用那些智慧型的濾器,我們刪除了 9762 種。
14:35
We were left with 38 chemicals化學製品.
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最後留下 38 種化學物。
14:37
We have since以來 databased錄入數據庫 the 4000 most commonly常用 used chemicals化學製品
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我們建檔了人類生產過程中最常用的 4000 種化學物,
14:40
in human人的 manufacturing製造業, and we're releasing釋放 this database數據庫 into the public上市 in six weeks.
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將在六星期內將資料庫公開。
14:45
So designers設計師 all over the world世界 can analyze分析 their products製品
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全世界的設計師將能分析他們的產品
14:47
down to the parts部分 per million百萬 for human人的 and ecological生態 health健康.
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到 ppm 層級,以照顧人類及生態健康。
14:52
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
14:57
We've我們已經 developed發達 a protocol協議 so that companies公司 can send發送
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我們已經開發了一套作業準則,讓公司可以寄送
15:00
these same相同 messages消息 all the way through通過 their supply供應 chains,
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這些訊息遍及它的供應鍊,
15:03
because when we asked most companies公司 we work with -- about a trillion dollars美元
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因為當我們問及多數合作的公司 — 總營業額約一兆美元
15:06
-- and say, "Where does your stuff東東 come from?" They say, "Suppliers供應商."
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— 說:「你們的材料來自何處?」,他們說:「供應商」。
15:08
"And where does it go?"
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「它往何處去?」
15:10
"Customers顧客."
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「顧客」。
15:11
So we need some help there.
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因此我們需要一些幫助。
15:12
So the biological生物 nutrients營養成分, the first fabrics面料 --
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因此,生物養分,第一次織物 —
15:14
the water coming未來 out was clean清潔 enough足夠 to drink.
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出來的水清淨得可以飲用。
15:16
Technical技術 nutrients營養成分 -- this is for Shaw Carpet地毯, infinitely無限地 reusable可重複使用 carpet地毯.
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技術養分 — Shaw Carpet 公司可無限再用的地毯。
15:20
Here's這裡的 nylon尼龍 going back to caprolactam己內酰胺 back to carpet地毯.
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這是尼龍還原為己內醯胺後再製成地毯。
15:23
Biotechnical生物技術 nutrients營養成分 -- the Model模型 U for Ford Motor發動機,
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生物技術養分 — 福特的 U 型車,
15:26
a cradle搖籃 to cradle搖籃 car汽車 -- concept概念 car汽車.
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從搖籃到搖籃的汽車 — 概念車。
15:28
Shoes for Nike耐克, where the uppers鞋面 are polyesters聚酯, infinitely無限地 recyclable可回收,
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Nike 鞋子的上層是聚酯,可無限次回收,
15:32
the bottoms底部 are biodegradable可生物降解 soles鞋底.
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底層是可生物分解的鞋底。
15:35
Wear穿 your old shoes in, your new shoes out.
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穿你的舊鞋來,換新鞋回去。
15:37
There is no finish line.
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沒有終點線。
15:39
The idea理念 here of the car汽車 is that some of the materials物料
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此處有關汽車的點子是有些材料
15:41
go back to the industry行業 forever永遠, some of the materials物料 go back to soil --
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永遠回到產業去,有些材料回到土壤裡 -
15:44
it's all solar-powered太陽能.
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全是應用太陽能。
15:46
Here's這裡的 a building建造 at Oberlin奧伯林 College學院 we designed設計
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這是我們為奧伯林學院設計的大樓,
15:48
that makes品牌 more energy能源 than it needs需求 to operate操作 and purifies淨化 its own擁有 water.
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它產生的能源超過大樓運作及淨化用水的需求。
15:52
Here's這裡的 a building建造 for The Gap間隙, where the ancient grasses
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這是為 The Gap 設計的大樓,屋頂上有
15:54
of San Bruno布魯諾, California加州, are on the roof屋頂.
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加州 San Bruno 的原始草皮。
15:58
And this is our project項目 for Ford Motor發動機 Company公司.
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這是我們為福特汽車公司做的專案,
16:00
It's the revitalization振興 of the River Rouge胭脂 in Dearborn迪爾伯恩.
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這是狄爾伯恩胭脂河的再生計畫。
16:02
This is obviously明顯 a color顏色 photograph照片.
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這顯然是張彩色照片。
16:06
These are our tools工具. These are how we sold出售 it to Ford.
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這些都是我們的工具。這就是我們賣給福特的方式。
16:10
We saved保存 Ford 35 million百萬 dollars美元 doing it this way, day one,
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我們這樣做幫福特省下了 3,500 萬美元,
16:13
which哪一個 is the equivalent當量 of the Ford Taurus金牛座
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相當於福特 Taurus
16:15
at a four percent百分 margin餘量 of an order訂購 for 900 million百萬 dollars美元 worth價值 of cars汽車.
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在百分之四利潤下,值 9 億美元的汽車訂單。
16:19
Here it is. It's the world's世界 largest最大 green綠色 roof屋頂, 10 and a half acres.
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就是這個。它是世界最大的綠色屋頂,10.5 英畝。
16:22
This is the roof屋頂, saving保存 money,
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這是個能省錢的屋頂,
16:25
and this is the first species種類 to arrive到達 here. These are killdeer基爾迪爾.
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這些雙胸斑沙鳥是首批在此定居的物種。
16:29
They showed顯示 up in five days.
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五天內它們就出現了。
16:32
And we now have 350-pound-磅 auto汽車 workers工人
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而現在我們有 350 磅汽車工人
16:34
learning學習 bird songs歌曲 on the Internet互聯網.
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在網路上學鳥叫。
16:38
We're developing發展 now protocols協議 for cities城市 --
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我們正在開發適用於城市的作業準則 —
16:40
that's the home of technical技術 nutrients營養成分.
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城市是技術養分之家。
16:42
The country國家 -- the home of biological生物. And putting them together一起.
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鄉村 - 生物養分之家。並將它們整合起來。
16:45
And so I will finish by showing展示 you a new city
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最後我將展示我們正在為中國政府
16:47
we're designing設計 for the Chinese中文 government政府.
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設計的一個新城市。
16:49
We're doing 12 cities城市 for China中國 right now,
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我們現在正在為中國
16:52
based基於 on cradle搖籃 to cradle搖籃 as templates模板.
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以「從搖籃到搖籃」模式規劃 12 個城市。
16:54
Our assignment分配 is to develop發展 protocols協議 for the housing住房
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我們的工作是開發作業準則,
16:57
for 400 million百萬 people in 12 years年份.
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供應 12 年內 4 億人口的居住。
16:59
We did a mass energy能源 balance平衡 -- if they use brick,
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我們做了大量能源平衡 — 如果他們用磚,
17:01
they will lose失去 all their soil and burn燒傷 all their coal煤炭.
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他們將失去全部泥土並燒光所有的煤。
17:04
They'll他們會 have cities城市 with no energy能源 and no food餐飲.
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他們的城市將沒有能源也沒有食物。
17:06
We signed a Memorandum備忘錄 of Understanding理解 --
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我們簽訂了合作意向書 -
17:08
here's這裡的 Madam夫人 Deng Nan, Deng Xiaoping's鄧小平的 daughter女兒 --
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這是鄧楠女士,鄧小平的女兒 -
17:10
for China中國 to adopt採用 cradle搖籃 to cradle搖籃.
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讓中國採用「從搖籃到搖籃」。
17:12
Because if they toxifytoxify themselves他們自己, being存在 the lowest-cost最低成本 producer製片人,
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因為如果他們毒害自己,作為最低成本的製造者,
17:16
send發送 it to the lowest-cost最低成本 distribution分配 -- Wal-Mart沃爾瑪 --
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將它送到最低成本的配銷系統 - Wal-Mart -
17:18
and then we send發送 them all our money, what we'll discover發現 is that
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然後我們將錢都付給他們,我們發現的將必然是,
17:21
we have what, effectively有效, when I was a student學生,
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我還是學生時代時
17:24
was called mutually相互 assured保證 destruction毀壞.
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所稱的「同歸於盡」。
17:27
Now we do it by molecule分子. These are our cities城市.
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現在我們用分子來設計。這些是我們將規劃的城市。
17:30
We're building建造 a new city next下一個 to this city; look at that landscape景觀.
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我們要在這個城市旁建造一個新城市;看看景觀。
17:33
This is the site現場.
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這是基地。
17:35
We don't normally一般 do green綠色 fields領域, but this one is about to be built內置,
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我們通常不在綠地上建設,但這一個即將動土,
17:39
so they brought us in to intercede說情.
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因此他們和我們協商。
17:41
This is their plan計劃.
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這是他們的計畫。
17:43
It's a rubber橡膠 stamp郵票 grid that they laid鋪設 right on that landscape景觀.
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那好像是在地景上蓋個橡皮格子章。
17:46
And they brought us in and said, "What would you do?"
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然後他們詢問我們的意見說:「你們會怎麼做?」
17:49
This is what they would end結束 up with, which哪一個 is another另一個 color顏色 photograph照片.
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這是他們可能得到的結果,這也是彩色照片。
17:53
So this is the existing現有 site現場, so this is what it looks容貌 like now,
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這是現有的基地,這是它現在的樣子,
17:56
and here's這裡的 our proposal提案.
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而這是我們的提案。
17:58
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
18:02
So the way we approached接近 this
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因此我們進行的方式是
18:04
is we studied研究 the hydrology水文學 very carefully小心.
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非常小心地研究了水文學。
18:06
We studied研究 the biota生物, the ancient biota生物,
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我們研究了生物相,古代生物相,
18:08
the current當前 farming農業 and the protocols協議.
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現代農耕及作業方式。
18:10
We studied研究 the winds and the sun太陽 to make sure everybody每個人 in the city
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我們研究了風及日照,確保城裡每人都有
18:12
will have fresh新鮮 air空氣, fresh新鮮 water and direct直接 sunlight陽光
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新鮮空氣、乾淨的水,以及每間公寓
18:18
in every一切 single apartment公寓 at some point during the day.
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在白天某個時刻都會有直接日照。
18:21
We then take the parks公園 and lay鋪設 them out as ecological生態 infrastructure基礎設施.
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接著我們安排公園,把它們當生態基礎建設。
18:25
We lay鋪設 out the building建造 areas.
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我們安排建設區。
18:28
We start開始 to integrate整合 commercial廣告 and mixed use
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我們開始整合商業區及混合使用區,
18:29
so the people all have centers中心 and places地方 to be.
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所以人們都有中心和廣場好去。
18:32
The transportation運輸 is all very simple簡單,
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運輸很單純,
18:34
everybody's每個人的 within a five-minute五分鐘 walk步行 of mobility流動性.
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每人距運輸系統都在步行五分鐘內。
18:37
We have a 24-hour-小時 street, so that there's always a place地點 that's alive.
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我們有 24 小時街道,所以總是有活動的地方。
18:42
The waste浪費 systems系統 all connect.
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下水道系統全連結起來。
18:44
If you flush紅暈 a toilet廁所, your feces will go to the sewage污水 treatment治療 plants植物,
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如果你沖馬桶,糞便將進入廢水處理廠,
18:49
which哪一個 are sold出售 as assets資產, not liabilities負債.
381
1104000
2000
處理後當資產賣,而不是有害物。
18:51
Because who wants the fertilizer肥料 factory that makes品牌 natural自然 gas加油站?
382
1106000
4000
因為誰要製造天然瓦斯的肥料廠?
18:55
The waters水域 are all taken採取 in to construct構造 the wetlands沼澤地 for habitat棲息地 restorations修復.
383
1110000
5000
水全部取來建構濕地作為棲地重建。
19:00
And then it makes品牌 natural自然 gas加油站, which哪一個 then goes back into the city
384
1115000
4000
然後它產生天然瓦斯,再回到城裡
19:04
to power功率 the fuel汽油 for the cooking烹飪 for the city.
385
1119000
4000
作為炊煮用燃料。
19:08
So this is -- these are fertilizer肥料 gas加油站 plants植物.
386
1123000
2000
而這些是肥料瓦斯廠。
19:10
And then the compost堆肥 is all taken採取 back
387
1125000
3000
然後混合肥全被取回
19:13
to the roofs屋頂 of the city, where we've我們已經 got farming農業,
388
1128000
2000
到城市的屋頂,那裡可以耕作,
19:15
because what we've我們已經 doneDONE is lifted取消 up the city,
389
1130000
4000
因為我們抬高了城市及
19:19
the landscape景觀, into the air空氣 to -- to restore恢復 the native本地人 landscape景觀
390
1134000
7000
地景到空中 — 並把原有地景
19:26
on the roofs屋頂 of the buildings房屋.
391
1141000
2000
重建在屋頂上。
19:28
The solar太陽能 power功率 of all the factory centers中心
392
1143000
3000
所有工廠中心和所有工業區
19:31
and all the industrial產業 zones with their light roofs屋頂 powers權力 the city.
393
1146000
3000
屋頂的太陽能板可供應全城電力所需。
19:34
And this is the concept概念 for the top最佳 of the city.
394
1149000
2000
這就是城市頂面的概念。
19:36
We've我們已經 lifted取消 the earth地球 up onto the roofs屋頂.
395
1151000
4000
我們把土地抬高到屋頂上。
19:40
The farmers農民 have little bridges橋樑 to get from one roof屋頂 to the next下一個.
396
1155000
4000
農民們有小橋能在屋頂間來回穿梭。
19:44
We inhabit居住於 the city with work/live生活 space空間 on all the ground地面 floors地板.
397
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4000
我們把工作/生活空間全放在地面層。
19:48
And so this is the existing現有 city, and this is the new city.
398
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5000
這是現有城市,而這是新城市。
19:53
(Applause掌聲)
399
1168000
14000
(掌聲)
Translated by Manlai You
Reviewed by Bill Hsiung

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
William McDonough - Architect
Architect William McDonough believes green design can prevent environmental disaster and drive economic growth. He champions “cradle to cradle” design, which considers a product's full life cycle -- from creation with sustainable materials to a recycled afterlife.

Why you should listen

Architect William McDonough practices green architecture on a massive scale. In a 20-year project, he is redesigning Ford's city-sized River Rouge truck plant and turning it into the Rust Belt's eco-poster child, with the world's largest "living roof" for reclaiming storm runoff. He has created buildings that produce more energy and clean water than they use. He is building the future of design on the site of the future of exploration: the NASA Sustainability Base. Oh, and he's designing seven entirely new and entirely green cities in China.

Bottom-line economic benefits are another specialty of McDonough's practice. A tireless proponent of the idea that absolute sustainability and economic success can go hand-in-hand, he's designed buildings for the Gap, Nike, Frito-Lay and Ford that have lowered corporate utility bills by capturing daylight for lighting, using natural ventilation instead of AC, and heating with solar or geothermal energy. They're also simply nicer places to work, surrounded by natural landscaping that gives back to the biosphere, showcasing their innovative culture.

In 2002, McDonough co-wrote Cradle to Cradle, which proposes that designers think as much about what happens at the end of a product's life cycle as they do about its beginning. (The book itself is printed on recyclable plastic.) From this, he is developing the Cradle to Cradle community, where like-minded designers and businesspeople can grow the idea. In 2012, McDonough began collaborating with Stanford University Libraries on a “living archive” of his work and communications. He has been awarded three times by the US government, and in 2014, McDonough was appointed as Chair of the Meta-Council on the Circular Economy by the World Economic Forum.

More profile about the speaker
William McDonough | Speaker | TED.com