TEDxMidwest
Majora Carter: 3 stories of local eco-entrepreneurship
Majora Carter: 三則地區性生態創業的故事
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綠色的未來在於地區性。在 TEDxMidwest 大會上，Majora Carter 談論三個創業人的故事，這三人不僅拯救當地社區，也保育我們的地球。她稱之為「家鄉安全」。
Majora Carter - Activist for environmental justice
Majora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA. Full bio
Majora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So today, I'm going to tell you about some people
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今天，我要向各位介紹一些
00:19
who didn't move out of their neighborhoods.
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從未離開過家鄉的人。
00:22
The first one is happening right here in Chicago.
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第一位來自芝加哥。
00:25
Brenda Palms-Farber was hired
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Brenda Palms-Farber ，她的工作是
00:27
to help ex-convicts reenter society
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幫助有前科的人重返社會
00:30
and keep them from going back into prison.
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並防止他們再犯罪。
00:32
Currently, taxpayers spend
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目前統計，我們納稅人
00:34
about 60,000 dollars per year
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每年要支付近 6 萬美元
00:37
sending a person to jail.
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來供養一位監獄的囚犯。
00:39
We know that two-thirds of them are going to go back.
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而我們都知道，有三分之二的人會再回到監獄裡。
00:41
I find it interesting that, for every one dollar
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但有趣的是，
00:43
we spend, however, on early childhood education,
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如果我們多花一元在幼兒教育上，
00:45
like Head Start,
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像Head Start (美國政府的幼兒教育計畫)，
00:47
we save 17 dollars
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在未來，我們就能
00:49
on stuff like incarceration in the future.
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少花17元在監禁犯身上。
00:52
Or -- think about it -- that 60,000 dollars
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從另一個角度來想，
00:54
is more than what it costs
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有6萬美元的話，
00:56
to send one person to Harvard as well.
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把一個人送去哈佛念書還綽綽有餘。
00:58
But Brenda, not being phased by stuff like that,
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但 Brenda 並沒有被這些事情困擾，
01:01
took a look at her challenge
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她接受眼前的挑戰，
01:03
and came up
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並採取了
01:05
with a not-so-obvious solution:
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一個看起來不太起眼的解決方案:
01:07
create a business
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成立一家公司
01:09
that produces skin care products from honey.
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專門生產蜂蜜成分的護膚品。
01:12
Okay, it might be obvious to some of you; it wasn't to me.
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好吧，我知道對各位來說可能沒什麼特別，但對我來說剛好相反。
01:14
It's the basis of growing a form of social innovation
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一個社會創新企業的成長動力
01:17
that has real potential.
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來自於它的潛力。
01:19
She hired seemingly unemployable men and women
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表面上，她雇用了一些失業的男女
01:22
to care for the bees, harvest the honey
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去照顧蜜蜂，採收蜂蜜
01:24
and make value-added products
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製造有附加價值的產品，
01:26
that they marketed themselves,
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然後作行銷，
01:28
and that were later sold at Whole Foods.
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隨後在 Whole Foods 銷售(美國最大的有機超市)。
01:30
She combined employment experience and training
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她將工作經驗和訓練
01:33
with life skills they needed,
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融入成為他們的生活技能，
01:35
like anger-management and teamwork,
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像是把情緒管理和團隊合作合併，
01:37
and also how to talk to future employers
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也教員工
01:40
about how their experiences
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如何能向未來的新進人員
01:42
actually demonstrated the lessons that they had learned
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訴說他們所學到的教訓，
01:44
and their eagerness to learn more.
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以及他們對於學習的熱忱。
01:46
Less than four percent
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在她的公司中
01:48
of the folks that went through her program
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再回到監獄的員工
01:50
actually go back to jail.
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足足低於4%。
01:52
So these young men and women learned job-readiness
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這些男女透過照顧蜜蜂
01:55
and life skills through bee keeping
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得到工作技能和生活技能，
01:57
and became productive citizens in the process.
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同時也變成有生產力的人民。
02:00
Talk about a sweet beginning.
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這是一個美妙的開端。
02:03
Now, I'm going to take you to Los Angeles,
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現在，我要帶各位前往洛杉磯。
02:05
and lots of people know
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大多數人都知道
02:07
that L.A. has its issues.
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洛杉磯有很多問題待解決。
02:09
But I'm going to talk about L.A.'s water issues right now.
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而我現在要討論的是洛杉磯的食水問題。
02:12
They have not enough water on most days
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在大多數的日子裡，洛杉磯都有缺乏飲用水的問題，
02:14
and too much to handle when it rains.
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但是下雨的話水量又太多。
02:17
Currently, 20 percent
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近年來，
02:19
of California's energy consumption
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加州有20%的用電
02:21
is used to pump water
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都是用來抽取地下水
02:23
into mostly Southern California.
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以便支援南加州的缺水。
02:25
Their spending loads, loads,
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同時又要花大筆的金錢
02:27
to channel that rainwater out into the ocean
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將下大雨後的泛濫大水
02:29
when it rains and floods as well.
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引導到大海裡。
02:31
Now Andy Lipkis is working to help
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Andy Lipkis 的工作
02:33
L.A. cut infrastructure costs
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就是協助洛杉磯政府削減
02:35
associated with water management and urban heat island --
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水資源管理和熱島效應所帶來的成本支出，
02:38
linking trees, people and technology
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將樹木、人、科技串聯起來
02:41
to create a more livable city.
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創造一個更適人居住的城市。
02:43
All that green stuff actually naturally absorbs storm water,
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綠色的大樹能吸收大量的水分，
02:46
also helps cool our cities.
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同時又幫助城市降溫。
02:48
Because, come to think about it,
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各位可以想像一下，
02:50
do you really want air-conditioning,
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你需要的是一台冷氣，
02:52
or is it a cooler room that you want?
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還是一間比較涼爽的房間?
02:54
How you get it shouldn't make that much of a difference.
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不管使用那種方法，只要能夠達到預期的效果就行了。
02:57
So a few years ago,
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就在幾年前，
02:59
L.A. County
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洛杉磯縣
03:01
decided that they needed to spend 2.5 billion dollars
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決定投入二十五億美元
03:04
to repair the city schools.
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修整全市的學校。
03:07
And Andy and his team discovered
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Andy 和他的團隊得知
03:09
that they were going to spend 200 million of those dollars
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政府將把其中兩億美元
03:12
on asphalt to surround the schools themselves.
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用於給學校四周的路面鋪上瀝青。
03:15
And by presenting a really strong economic case,
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通過展示一個非常經濟實惠的案例，
03:18
they convinced the L.A. government
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他們說服洛杉磯政府改變計畫，
03:20
that replacing that asphalt
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將瀝青
03:22
with trees and other greenery,
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換成綠樹和其它綠化帶，
03:24
that the schools themselves would save the system more on energy
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這樣學校在綠化建設方面
03:27
than they spend on horticultural infrastructure.
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節省更多人力物力。
03:31
So ultimately, 20 million square feet of asphalt
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最後，鋪兩千萬平方英尺瀝青路的計畫
03:33
was replaced or avoided,
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被取消了，
03:35
and electrical consumption for air-conditioning went down,
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同時，使用空調所需的電力消耗降低了，
03:38
while employment
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綠化帶需要人照顧，
03:40
for people to maintain those grounds went up,
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這樣，許多人找到了工作，
03:43
resulting in a net-savings to the system,
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成本就這樣被降低了，
03:45
but also healthier students and schools system employees as well.
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同時，師生們得到了更健康的生活環境。
03:49
Now Judy Bonds
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這是 Judy Bonds。
03:51
is a coal miner's daughter.
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一個煤炭礦工的女兒。
03:53
Her family has eight generations
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她家庭的八代人
03:55
in a town called Whitesville, West Virginia.
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都住在西維吉尼亞州一個叫做 Whitesville 的小鎮上。
03:58
And if anyone should be clinging
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如果有誰會以這個小鎮
04:00
to the former glory of the coal mining history,
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光輝的煤炭開採史為榮，
04:02
and of the town,
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以小鎮為榮，
04:04
it should be Judy.
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那非 Judy 莫屬了。
04:06
But the way coal is mined right now is different
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然而，現在的煤炭開採
04:08
from the deep mines that her father
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與過去她的父親
04:10
and her father's father would go down into
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以及祖父當年在深井裡
04:12
and that employed essentially thousands and thousands of people.
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幾千人同時作業的開採方式，大不相同。
04:15
Now, two dozen men
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現在只要二十幾個人
04:17
can tear down a mountain in several months,
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就能在幾個月內把一座山開採一空，
04:19
and only for about a few years' worth of coal.
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而開採出的煤炭只夠使用幾年。
04:22
That kind of technology is called "mountaintop removal."
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這種開採技術叫做山巔移除採礦法。
04:25
It can make a mountain go from this to this
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它能使一座山在短短數月裡
04:28
in a few short months.
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從這樣變成那樣。
04:30
Just imagine that the air surrounding these places --
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想像一下周圍的空氣品質－
04:32
it's filled with the residue of explosives and coal.
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到處彌漫著易爆物和煤炭殘渣。
04:35
When we visited, it gave some of the people we were with
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我們去到那裡的時候，同行的一些人
04:37
this strange little cough
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莫名其妙地開始咳嗽
04:39
after being only there for just a few hours or so --
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我們只在那裡停留了幾個小時－
04:41
not just miners, but everybody.
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不僅是礦工，所有人都有同樣症狀。
04:43
And Judy saw her landscape being destroyed
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Judy 眼睜睜看著家園被破壞，
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and her water poisoned.
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水體被污染。
04:47
And the coal companies just move on
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煤礦公司一旦把山挖空
04:49
after the mountain was emptied,
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就一走了之，
04:51
leaving even more unemployment in their wake.
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使越來越多礦工失業。
04:53
But she also saw the difference in potential wind energy
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然而，她還看到了一座完整山體上風能的潛力
04:56
on an intact mountain,
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比另一座
04:58
and one that was reduced in elevation
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海拔相對低了兩千英尺的山體
05:00
by over 2,000 feet.
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要多出許多。
05:02
Three years of dirty energy with not many jobs,
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用三年時間來開採污染環境的能源，
05:05
or centuries of clean energy
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相比開發能夠持續幾百年的清潔能源，究竟哪個更合算呢?
05:07
with the potential for developing expertise and improvements in efficiency
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前者會使許多人丟了工作，而後者卻有潛力發展專業技能，
05:10
based on technical skills,
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提高技術效率，
05:12
and developing local knowledge
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根據當地情況
05:14
about how to get the most out of that region's wind.
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最大程度地開發和利用風力資源。
05:16
She calculated the up-front cost
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她計算了初始成本
05:18
and the payback over time,
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以及回報，
05:20
and it's a net-plus on so many levels
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結果表明這對地方，國家，乃至全球經濟
05:22
for the local, national and global economy.
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都會帶來更高的淨收益。
05:25
It's a longer payback than mountaintop removal,
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相比開採山頂煤礦，風能可以帶來長期回報，
05:28
but the wind energy actually pays back forever.
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而且這種風能源回報甚至是永久的。
05:31
Now mountaintop removal pays very little money to the locals,
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開採山頂煤礦給當地居民的回報很少，
05:34
and it gives them a lot of misery.
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並且還讓他們吃不少苦頭。
05:36
The water is turned into goo.
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原本潔淨的水變成了臭水。
05:38
Most people are still unemployed,
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大多數人沒有工作，
05:40
leading to most of the same kinds of social problems
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由此，這裡的失業人群
05:42
that unemployed people in inner cities also experience --
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與大城市裡失業的人們面臨著同樣的社會問題－
05:45
drug and alcohol abuse,
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吸毒、酗酒、
05:47
domestic abuse, teen pregnancy and poor heath, as well.
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家庭暴力，未成年少女懷孕以及糟糕的健康狀況。
05:50
Now Judy and I -- I have to say --
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現在 Judy 和我－我可以這麼說－
05:52
totally related to each other.
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我們志同道合。
05:54
Not quite an obvious alliance.
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我們關係好得很。
05:56
I mean, literally, her hometown is called Whitesville, West Virginia.
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你看，她的家鄉是西維吉尼亞州的 Whitesville。
05:58
I mean, they are not --
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他們不是－
06:00
they ain't competing for the birthplace of hip hop title
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他們可沒在跟時尚嘻哈族群爭地盤，
06:03
or anything like that.
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絲毫也沒有。
06:05
But the back of my T-shirt, the one that she gave me,
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但是，在她送我的T恤衫背面，
06:08
says, "Save the endangered hillbillies."
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寫著：「拯救瀕臨絕種的鄉下人」。
06:13
So homegirls and hillbillies we got it together
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就這樣嘻哈女孩和鄉巴佬走在一起，
06:16
and totally understand that this is what it's all about.
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非常明確各自的使命。
06:19
But just a few months ago,
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然而就在幾個月前，
06:21
Judy was diagnosed
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Judy 被診斷出
06:23
with stage-three lung cancer.
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患末期的肺癌。
06:26
Yeah.
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真的。
06:28
And it has since moved to her bones and her brain.
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而且已經蔓延到了她的骨頭和大腦。
06:33
And I just find it so bizarre
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這真是太荒謬了，
06:36
that she's suffering from the same thing
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她竭盡全力幫助人們防止肺癌，
06:38
that she tried so hard to protect people from.
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而自己卻得了肺癌。
06:41
But her dream
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但是她的
06:43
of Coal River Mountain Wind
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「煤河山風力發電專案」
06:45
is her legacy.
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仍將繼續。
06:47
And she might not
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也許，她等不到
06:50
get to see that mountaintop.
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專案完成的那一天了。
06:53
But rather than writing
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她並沒有僅僅留下
06:55
yet some kind of manifesto or something,
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一紙宣言，
06:57
she's leaving behind
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而是她正詳細劃定
06:59
a business plan to make it happen.
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實施專案的具體計畫。
07:01
That's what my homegirl is doing.
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我的這位姐妹正在忙這件事情。
07:03
So I'm so proud of that.
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我為她感到驕傲。
07:05
(Applause)
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（眾人鼓掌）
07:10
But these three people
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這三個人
07:12
don't know each other,
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彼此並不相識，
07:14
but they do have an awful lot in common.
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但是他們有著驚人的相似之處。
07:16
They're all problem solvers,
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他們都是解決問題的帶頭人，
07:18
and they're just some of the many examples
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我非常幸運能夠結識他們並且向他們學習，
07:20
that I really am privileged to see, meet and learn from
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我在工作中見識到了許多榜樣，
07:22
in the examples of the work that I do now.
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他們就是其中幾位模範。
07:24
I was really lucky to have them all featured
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我很幸運地將他們的事蹟
07:26
on my Corporation for Public Radio radio show
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在我網路公共廣播電臺的節目作為主秀中展示
07:28
called ThePromisedLand.org.
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稱為“應許之地 (ThePromisedLand.org)”。
07:30
Now they're all very practical visionaries.
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他們都是有遠見的實業家。
07:32
They take a look at the demands that are out there --
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他們仔細審視眼前的需求－
07:35
beauty products, healthy schools, electricity --
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美容產品，健康的校園，電力－
07:37
and how the money's flowing to meet those demands.
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並想辦法滿足這些需求。
07:39
And when the cheapest solutions
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如果你想通過削減員工人數
07:41
involve reducing the number of jobs,
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來解決問題，
07:43
you're left with unemployed people,
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那麼將有許多人失業，
07:45
and those people aren't cheap.
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而這些人可不是省油的燈。
07:47
In fact, they make up some of what I call the most expensive citizens,
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事實上，我認為他們是最奢侈的公民，
07:50
and they include generationally impoverished,
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他們其中有許多人是從中東戰場上
07:52
traumatized vets returning from the Middle East,
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退伍回鄉的傷兵，他們世世代代貧窮，受傷痛之苦；
07:54
people coming out of jail.
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另外還有刑滿釋放的人。
07:56
And for the veterans in particular,
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拿那些老兵來說，
07:58
the V.A. said there's a six-fold increase
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根據退伍軍人事務部公佈的資料，
08:01
in mental health pharmaceuticals by vets since 2003.
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自2003年以來退伍軍人服用的精神方面的藥物增加了六倍。
08:04
I think that number's probably going to go up.
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我認為這個數字目前仍然在上升。
08:06
They're not the largest number of people,
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他們並不是最龐大的群體，
08:08
but they are some of the most expensive --
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但卻是開銷最大的群體之一。
08:10
and in terms of the likelihood for domestic abuse, drug and alcohol abuse,
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他們是家庭暴力，吸毒酗酒的高危人群，
08:13
poor performance by their kids in schools
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他們的子女在學校普遍不如其他家庭的孩子，
08:16
and also poor health as a result of stress.
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由於承受巨大壓力，他們的身體健康非常差。
08:18
So these three guys all understand
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我所提到的這三位
08:20
how to productively channel dollars
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都懂得如何有效地
08:22
through our local economies
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把資金引入地方經濟
08:24
to meet existing market demands,
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以滿足市場需求，
08:26
reduce the social problems that we have now
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解決現存的社會問題，
08:28
and prevent new problems in the future.
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並防止新問題的產生。
08:31
And there are plenty of other examples like that.
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這樣的例子不可勝數。
08:33
One problem: waste handling and unemployment.
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例一: 廢物處理與失業問題。
08:36
Even when we think or talk about recycling,
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當我們思考或討論如何回收再用時，
08:38
lots of recyclable stuff ends up getting incinerated or in landfills
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許多可回收物品已經被焚化或掩埋了，
08:41
and leaving many municipalities, diversion rates --
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這加大了城市的回收分流難度，
08:44
they leave much to be recycled.
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使回收過程更複雜。
08:46
And where is this waste handled? Usually in poor communities.
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這些廢物都在哪裡被處理? 一般在貧困的社區裡。
08:49
And we know that eco-industrial business, these kinds of business models --
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大家知道，在生態工業的運作模式中
08:52
there's a model in Europe called the eco-industrial park,
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有這樣一種模式，它在歐洲被稱為生態工業園區。
08:55
where either the waste of one company is the raw material for another,
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在這裡，你既可以把一家公司的廢物交給另一家公司做原料，
08:58
or you use recycled materials
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也可以把材料回收利用
09:00
to make goods that you can actually use and sell.
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生產出新的商品。
09:02
We can create these local markets and incentives
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我們可以在當地鼓勵和創造這樣的當地市場需求，
09:05
for recycled materials
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使回收後的材料
09:07
to be used as raw materials for manufacturing.
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成為製造業的原材料。
09:09
And in my hometown, we actually tried to do one of these in the Bronx,
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在我家鄉，我們已經在 Bronx 嘗試過這種模式，
09:12
but our mayor decided what he wanted to see
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可惜我們的市長
09:15
was a jail on that same spot.
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更想在那裡建一個監獄，
09:17
Fortunately -- because we wanted to create hundreds of jobs --
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幸好，我們本想可以創造幾百個就業機會-
09:20
but after many years,
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而多年以後，
09:22
the city wanted to build a jail.
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這個城市居然決定在這裡建造監獄，
09:24
They've since abandoned that project, thank goodness.
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感謝主，政府已經打消了這個念頭。
09:27
Another problem: unhealthy food systems and unemployment.
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還有一個問題: 不健康食品以及失業問題。
09:30
Working-class and poor urban Americans
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工人階級以及城市貧困的美國人
09:32
are not benefiting economically
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並沒有從現有的糧食系統
09:34
from our current food system.
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得到經濟利益。
09:36
It relies too much on transportation,
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這個體系過度使用交通運輸，
09:38
chemical fertilization, big use of water
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化學肥料，大量水資源，
09:40
and also refrigeration.
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以及冷藏處理。
09:42
Mega agricultural operations
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大規模農業操作
09:44
often are responsible for poisoning our waterways and our land,
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不僅污染了水源以及土壤，
09:47
and it produces this incredibly unhealthy product
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還生產出對人體健康危害極高的產品
09:50
that costs us billions in healthcare
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讓我們在醫療衛生方面損失了大把金錢，
09:52
and lost productivity.
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並降低了生產力。
09:54
And so we know "urban ag"
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同時，城市農業
09:56
is a big buzz topic this time of the year,
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現在成為了一個熱門話題，
09:58
but it's mostly gardening,
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但它是以園藝為主的，
10:00
which has some value in community building -- lots of it --
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這對社區建設具有重大意義--
10:03
but it's not in terms of creating jobs
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但是卻不能增加就業機會，
10:05
or for food production.
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也不能對食品生產做貢獻。
10:07
The numbers just aren't there.
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園藝在這些方面的作用不顯著。
10:09
Part of my work now is really laying the groundwork
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我的任務之一就是
10:11
to integrate urban ag and rural food systems
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為把城市農業與農產品體系結合起來做準備工作，
10:14
to hasten the demise of the 3,000-mile salad
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這樣就能創造出一個城市農業的國內品牌，
10:17
by creating a national brand of urban-grown produce
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遙運沙律的現狀就會儘早退出市場了，
10:20
in every city,
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這樣，每個城市
10:22
that uses regional growing power
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都能使用本地的耕種資源
10:24
and augments it with indoor growing facilities,
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增加自耕農所擁有和經營的
10:26
owned and operated by small growers,
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室內種植設施，
10:28
where now there are only consumers.
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而現在這個市場裡只有消費者。
10:30
This can support seasonal farmers around metro areas
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這可以很好地扶持大城市裡的季節性農戶，
10:33
who are losing out because they really can't meet
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他們由於無力滿足
10:35
the year-round demand for produce.
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全年生產的需求而逐漸衰落。
10:38
It's not a competition with rural farm;
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這不是在搶鄉村農民的飯碗，
10:40
it's actually reinforcements.
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而是助他們一臂之力。
10:42
It allies in a really positive
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這是一個良性的
10:44
and economically viable food system.
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具有經濟活力的食品體系。
10:46
The goal is to meet the cities' institutional demands
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它目標在於滿足城市裡
10:48
for hospitals,
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來自醫院、
10:50
senior centers, schools, daycare centers,
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養老院、學校、托兒所的需求，
10:53
and produce a network of regional jobs, as well.
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並能創造一個地方就業網路。
10:56
This is smart infrastructure.
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這是非常精明的基礎設施安排。
10:58
And how we manage our built environment
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我們對城市環境的建設
11:00
affects the health and well-being of people every single day.
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時時刻刻都影響著人們的健康與幸福。
11:03
Our municipalities, rural and urban,
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我們城鄉地區的政府
11:05
play the operational course of infrastructure --
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負責基礎設施的具體操作事項
11:08
things like waste disposal, energy demand,
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包括廢物處理、能源需求、
11:11
as well as social costs of unemployment, drop-out rates, incarceration rates
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由失業、輟學、入獄所帶來的社會損失，
11:14
and the impacts of various public health costs.
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還有公共醫療成本的種種影響。
11:17
Smart infrastructure can provide cost-saving ways
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精明的基礎設施管理
11:20
for municipalities to handle
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能夠幫助城鄉政府
11:22
both infrastructure and social needs.
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協調好基礎設施和社會需求。
11:24
And we want to shift the systems
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我們希望
11:26
that open the doors for people who were formerly tax burdens
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把那些光靠社會稅收救濟的人群
11:29
to become part of the tax base.
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轉變為納稅人。
11:31
And imagine a national business model
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想像一下: 一個能夠創造地方就業機會，
11:33
that creates local jobs and smart infrastructure
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巧妙佈置基礎設施，並提高地方經濟穩定的
11:36
to improve local economic stability.
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全國性商業模式。
11:39
So I'm hoping you can see a little theme here.
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希望大家能夠看到這裡有一個主題。
11:42
These examples indicate a trend.
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這些事例反應了一個趨勢。
11:44
I haven't created it, and it's not happening by accident.
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這不是我有意製造的，也不是一個巧合。
11:47
I'm noticing that it's happening all over the country,
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我早就發現這趨勢已經在全國範圍內發生了，
11:49
and the good news is that it's growing.
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更令人開心的是，這趨勢正不斷增強。
11:51
And we all need to be invested in it.
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而且，我們都必須參與進去。
11:53
It is an essential pillar to this country's recovery.
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這是我們國家經濟復甦的重要基石。
11:56
And I call it "hometown security."
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我把它稱為「家鄉安全」。
11:59
The recession has us reeling and fearful,
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經濟的衰退讓我們驚慌失措，
12:02
and there's something in the air these days
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然而，這些日子來，另一股力量
12:04
that is also very empowering.
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正在孕育而生。
12:06
It's a realization
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那就是我們意識到了
12:08
that we are the key
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經濟復甦的關鍵
12:10
to our own recovery.
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在於我們自身。
12:12
Now is the time for us to act in our own communities
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現在，我們應當行動起來
12:15
where we think local and we act local.
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憂地方所憂，為當地社區做實事。
12:18
And when we do that, our neighbors --
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不管我們的鄰居
12:20
be they next-door, or in the next state,
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是住在隔壁，住在鄰州，
12:22
or in the next country --
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還是住在鄰國
12:24
will be just fine.
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我們都能給他們創造利益。
12:27
The sum of the local is the global.
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當地的總和就是全球。
12:30
Hometown security means rebuilding our natural defenses,
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「家鄉安全」的意義在於重建自然防禦，
12:33
putting people to work,
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給人們工作，
12:35
restoring our natural systems.
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重築自然系統。
12:37
Hometown security means creating wealth here at home,
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「家鄉安全」是爲了家園創造財富，
12:40
instead of destroying it overseas.
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而不是糟蹋千里之外的財富。
12:42
Tackling social and environmental problems
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把社會問題與環境問題結合起來
12:44
at the same time with the same solution
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同時用同一方法解決，
12:47
yields great cost savings,
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能夠節省大量人力物力，
12:49
wealth generation and national security.
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創造財富，並保障國家安全。
12:52
Many great and inspiring solutions
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許多許多絕妙的點子
12:54
have been generated across America.
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在美國各地迸發。
12:56
The challenge for us now
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我們目前所面臨的問題是
12:58
is to identify and support countless more.
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如何找到並培育更多的好點子。
13:01
Now, hometown security is about taking care of your own,
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儘管「家鄉安全」有照顧好自己的意思，
13:04
but it's not like the old saying,
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但這跟「仁愛先及親友」這句老話
13:06
"charity begins at home."
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還是有本質區別的。
13:09
I recently read a book called "Love Leadership" by John Hope Bryant.
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我最近讀了一本名為《愛的領導力》的書，作者是 John Hope Bryant。
13:12
And it's about leading in a world
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書中寫道，在一個被恐懼所充斥的世界裡
13:14
that really does seem to be operating on the basis of fear.
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如何成為一個領導人。
13:17
And reading that book made me reexamine that theory
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讀了這本書以後，我重新審視了我的理論，
13:20
because I need to explain what I mean by that.
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因為我必須清楚地解釋其中的道理。
13:23
See, my dad
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大家看，這是我父親，
13:25
was a great, great man in many ways.
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他在很多方面都非常出色。
13:27
He grew up in the segregated South,
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他在種族隔離時期的南方長大，
13:29
escaped lynching and all that
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在最艱苦的時期，
13:31
during some really hard times,
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逃過了私刑的迫害，
13:33
and he provided a really stable home for me and my siblings
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他給我和兄弟姐妹們提供了一個安穩的家，
13:36
and a whole bunch of other people that fell on hard times.
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他還幫助了許多生活困難的人們建立了自己的家。
13:40
But, like all of us, he had some problems.
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但是，和所有人一樣，他有些壞毛病。
13:43
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
13:45
And his was gambling,
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他沉迷賭博，
13:47
compulsively.
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無法自拔。
13:49
To him that phrase, "Charity begins at home,"
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對於他而言“仁愛先及親友”
13:52
meant that my payday -- or someone else's --
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意味著我的發薪日或其他人的發薪日
13:55
would just happen to coincide with his lucky day.
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正好就是他賭博發財的那一天。
13:57
So you need to help him out.
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他需要幫助。
13:59
And sometimes I would loan him money
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有時候，我會把學校打工和暑假工作掙得的錢
14:01
from my after-school or summer jobs,
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借給他，
14:04
and he always had the great intention
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他只要手氣好，
14:06
of paying me back with interest,
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就會堅持連本帶利
14:08
of course, after he hit it big.
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把錢還給我。
14:10
And he did sometimes, believe it or not,
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有時候，他很幸運，信不信由你，
14:12
at a racetrack in Los Angeles --
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他在洛杉磯的賽馬場上贏了一些錢
14:14
one reason to love L.A. -- back in the 1940s.
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洛杉磯受歡迎的原因之一: 那時是二十世紀四十年代的事了，
14:17
He made 15,000 dollars cash
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他賺了一萬五千美元現金，
14:19
and bought the house that I grew up in.
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買下了一間房子，我就是在這間房子裡長大的。
14:21
So I'm not that unhappy about that.
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對此，我並沒有什麼意見。
14:23
But listen, I did feel obligated to him,
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但是，我對他應負有義務之責。
14:26
and I grew up -- then I grew up.
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我漸漸長大。
14:29
And I'm a grown woman now,
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現在我已經是成年人了。
14:31
and I have learned a few things along the way.
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在成長的過程中，我學會了很多道理。
14:33
To me, charity
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對於我而言，
14:35
often is just about giving,
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仁愛往往意味著給予，
14:37
because you're supposed to,
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是你分內的事情，
14:39
or because it's what you've always done,
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是你一直在做的事情，
14:41
or it's about giving until it hurts.
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也可能是你一廂情願的付出。
14:44
I'm about providing the means
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我認為仁愛是
14:46
to build something that will grow
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推動事情的發展
14:48
and intensify its original investment
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將最初的投入增值和最大化，
14:51
and not just require greater giving next year --
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而不是為下一年增大投入-
14:53
I'm not trying to feed the habit.
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我不想縱容父親的壞毛病。
14:55
I spent some years
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我花了幾年時間
14:57
watching how good intentions for community empowerment,
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觀察那些意在
15:00
that were supposed to be there
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幫助並支持社區的
15:02
to support the community and empower it,
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良好動機
15:05
actually left people
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如何讓人們
15:07
in the same, if not worse, position that they were in before.
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裹足不前。
15:10
And over the past 20 years,
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在過去的20年裡，
15:12
we've spent record amounts of philanthropic dollars
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我們為解決社會問題
15:14
on social problems,
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花了不少捐助款項，
15:16
yet educational outcomes,
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然而教育的成果，
15:18
malnutrition, incarceration,
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營養不良，牢獄，
15:20
obesity, diabetes, income disparity,
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肥胖，糖尿病，工資分配不均等問題
15:22
they've all gone up with some exceptions --
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都在加劇，也有例外
15:25
in particular, infant mortality
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比如貧困人口中
15:28
among people in poverty --
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嬰兒死亡率有所下降--
15:30
but it's a great world that we're bringing them into as well.
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但是我們的目標是讓他們過上幸福的美好人生。
15:34
And I know a little bit about these issues,
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我多少瞭解這些問題的實際情況，
15:36
because, for many years, I spent a long time
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因為我曾在非營利性行業裡
15:39
in the non-profit industrial complex,
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工作過很多年。
15:41
and I'm a recovering executive director,
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我現在是一名執行理事，
15:43
two years clean.
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足足幹了兩年。
15:45
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
15:47
But during that time, I realized that it was about projects
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在那段時間裡，我意識到，
15:50
and developing them on the local level
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只有因地制宜地發展
15:52
that really was going to do the right thing for our communities.
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我們才能造福當地社區。
15:55
But I really did struggle for financial support.
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我碰到了資金方面的問題。
15:58
The greater our success,
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我們的工程做得越火，
16:00
the less money came in from foundations.
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贊助機構給的錢就越少。
16:02
And I tell you, being on the TED stage
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實話說，在同一年裡既被邀來在TED講話，
16:04
and winning a MacArthur in the same exact year
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又獲得了“麥克亞瑟獎”
16:06
gave everyone the impression that I had arrived.
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大家都以為我已經是個成功人士了。
16:09
And by the time I'd moved on,
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其實，為了讓我的工作繼續下去，
16:11
I was actually covering a third
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我依靠演講所獲得的收入
16:13
of my agency's budget deficit with speaking fees.
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支付了我機構三分之一的開銷。
16:16
And I think because early on, frankly,
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早些時候，坦白說，
16:18
my programs were just a little bit ahead of their time.
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我的專案也就比計畫提前一點完成了。
16:20
But since then,
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在此之後，
16:22
the park that was just a dump and was featured at a TED2006 Talk
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這一片垃圾掩埋場--我在 TED2006 年的演講中重點提到過它--
16:25
became this little thing.
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後來成了這個小公園。
16:28
But I did in fact get married in it.
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我還在這裡舉行了婚禮呢。
16:30
Over here.
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就在這裡。
16:32
There goes my dog who led me to the park in my wedding.
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我的狗正把我牽到婚禮舉行的地點。
16:38
The South Bronx Greenway
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南布朗克斯綠化帶
16:40
was also just a drawing on the stage back in 2006.
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在2006年還只是圖紙上的一幅畫。
16:43
Since then, we got
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在那之後，我們得到了
16:45
about 50 million dollars in stimulus package money
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將近五千萬美元的一攬子刺激計畫資金
16:47
to come and get here.
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來建設綠化帶。
16:49
And we love this, because I love construction now,
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我們很開心，我看到施工就很愉快，
16:51
because we're watching these things actually happen.
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應為我們能親眼見證工程的發展。
16:53
So I want everyone to understand
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我希望大家看到
16:55
the critical importance
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把公益事業轉變為企業事業
16:57
of shifting charity into enterprise.
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是多麼重要。
17:00
I started my firm to help communities across the country
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我開辦了自己的公司，就是為了幫助全國各地的社區
17:03
realize their own potential
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實踐他們的自身潛力
17:05
to improve everything about the quality of life for their people.
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從而進一步從方方面面提高人們的生活品質。
17:08
Hometown security
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「家鄉安全」
17:10
is next on my to-do list.
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就是我的下一步行動。
17:12
What we need are people who see the value
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我們需要吸引那些有遠見的人
17:14
in investing in these types of local enterprises,
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向這些類型的當地企業進行投資，
17:17
who will partner with folks like me
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吸引那些願意和我這樣的人合作的夥伴
17:19
to identify the growth trends and climate adaptation
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我們都力求找到發展的趨勢，適應氣候變化的要求，
17:22
as well as understand the growing social costs
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並理解商業發展的社會成本
17:25
of business as usual.
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是不斷增加的。
17:27
We need to work together
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我們必須齊心協力，
17:29
to embrace and repair our land,
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擁抱並修復我們的土地，
17:31
repair our power systems
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恢復電力系統，
17:33
and repair ourselves.
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並進行自我反省。
17:35
It's time to stop building
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不要再為
17:37
the shopping malls, the prisons,
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商業廣場、監獄、
17:39
the stadiums
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體育館、
17:41
and other tributes to all of our collective failures.
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和其它設施浪費錢了。
17:45
It is time that we start building
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我們應該開始構築
17:47
living monuments to hope and possibility.
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充滿生氣與可能性的希望之巔。
17:50
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家。
17:52
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Majora Carter - Activist for environmental justiceMajora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA.
Why you should listen
Majora Carter is a visionary voice in city planning who views urban renewal through an environmental lens. The South Bronx native draws a direct connection between ecological, economic and social degradation. Hence her motto: "Green the ghetto!"
With her inspired ideas and fierce persistence, Carter managed to bring the South Bronx its first open-waterfront park in 60 years, Hunts Point Riverside Park. Then she scored $1.25 million in federal funds for a greenway along the South Bronx waterfront, bringing the neighborhood open space, pedestrian and bike paths, and space for mixed-use economic development.
Her success is no surprise to anyone who's seen her speak; Carter's confidence, energy and intensely emotional delivery make her talks themselves a force of nature. (The release of her TEDTalk in 2006 prompted Guy Kawasaki to wonder on his blog whether she wasn't "every bit as good as [Apple CEO] Steve Jobs," a legendary presenter.)
Carter, who was awarded a 2005 MacArthur "genius" grant, served as executive director of Sustainable South Bronx for 7 years, where she pushed both for eco-friendly practices (such as green and cool roofs) and, equally important, job training and green-related economic development for her vibrant neighborhood on the rise. Since leaving SSBx in 2008, Carter has formed the economic consulting and planning firm the Majora Carter Group, to bring her pioneering approach to communities far outside the South Bronx. Carter is working within the cities of New Orleans, Detroit and the small coastal towns of Northeastern North Carolina. The Majora Carter Group is putting the green economy and green economic tools to use, unlocking the potential of every place -- from urban cities and rural communities, to universities, government projects, businesses and corporations -- and everywhere else in between.
Majora Carter | Speaker | TED.com