ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Nicklen - Polar photographer
Paul Nicklen photographs the creatures of the Arctic and Antarctic, generating global awareness about wildlife in these isolated and endangered environments.

Why you should listen

Paul Nicklen grew up one of only a few non-Inuit in an Inuit settlement on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada -- a childhood that taught him the patience, stamina and respect for nature required for his beat in the frigid climes of Earth’s polar regions. Best known for his vivid and intimate wildlife photos for National Geographic, Nicklen started out a biologist in the Northwest Territories, gathering data on such species as lynx, grizzlies, and polar bears. Today he bridges the gap between scientific research and the public, showing how fragile and fast-changing habitats are profoundly affecting wildlife.

During the course of his workday Nicklen regularly comes face-to-face with fantastic creatures: narwhals, Arctic foxes, elephant seals, and more. His most amazing experience? An underwater encounter with a leopard seal who for four days tried to feed him penguins through the "mouth" of his lens.

More profile about the speaker
Paul Nicklen | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

Paul Nicklen: Animal tales from icy wonderlands

Paul Nicklen:冰封仙境的故事

Filmed:
2,430,095 views

潛入南極的冰層下,接近令人害怕的豹斑海豹,攝影師Paul Nicklen找到一位特別的朋友。分享他在極地仙境逗趣又充滿熱情的故事,透過出色的照片向我們展現了生活在冰層下的動物們。
- Polar photographer
Paul Nicklen photographs the creatures of the Arctic and Antarctic, generating global awareness about wildlife in these isolated and endangered environments. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
My journey旅程 to become成為 a polar極性 specialist專家,
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我成為極地專家
00:18
photographing拍攝, specializing專業 in the polar極性 regions地區,
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專門在極地區域攝影的經歷
00:21
began開始 when I was four years年份 old,
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是從我四歲時開始
00:23
when my family家庭 moved移動 from Southern南部的 Canada加拿大
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那時我家從加拿大南部
00:26
to Northern北方 Baffin巴芬 Island, up by Greenland格陵蘭.
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搬到北部的巴芬島,毗鄰格陵蘭島
00:29
There we lived生活 with the Inuit因紐特人
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在那兒我們與因紐特人住在一起
00:31
in the tiny Inuit因紐特人 community社區 of 200 Inuit因紐特人 people,
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在僅有200人的小小因紐特人社區中
00:33
where [we] were one of three non-Inuit非因紐特人 families家庭.
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有三戶非因紐特家庭,我們是其中之一
00:36
And in this community社區, we didn't have a television電視;
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在這個社區裡,我們沒有電視
00:38
we didn't have computers電腦, obviously明顯, radio無線電.
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沒有電腦,當然也沒有無線電
00:41
We didn't even have a telephone電話.
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甚至電話也沒有
00:44
All of my time was spent花費 outside
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我所有的時間都花在戶外
00:46
with the Inuit因紐特人, playing播放.
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和因紐特人一起玩耍
00:48
The snow and the ice were my sandbox砂箱,
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冰雪是我的沙坑
00:50
and the Inuit因紐特人 were my teachers教師.
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因紐特人是我的老師
00:52
And that's where I became成為
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在那裡,我真正地
00:54
truly obsessed痴迷 with this polar極性 realm領域.
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迷上了這個極地王國
00:56
And I knew知道 someday日後 that I was going to do something
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我知道,有一天我會做一些事情
00:58
that had to do with trying to share分享 news新聞 about it
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去分享關於這塊土地的新鮮事
01:00
and protect保護 it.
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以及保護它。
01:02
I'd like to share分享 with you, for just two minutes分鐘 only,
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我想花大概兩分鐘的時間
01:04
some images圖片, a cross-section橫截面 of my work,
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透過一些圖片,讓各位來瞭解我的工作
01:06
to the beautiful美麗 music音樂 by Brandi布蘭迪 Carlile卡萊爾, "Have You Ever."
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伴著Brandi Carlile優美的音樂《Have You Ever》
01:09
I don't know why National國民 Geographic地理 has doneDONE this, they've他們已經 never doneDONE this before,
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我不知道國家地理頻道為何這麼做,他們從未這麼做過
01:12
but they're allowing允許 me to show顯示 you a few少數 images圖片
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他們允許我向你們展示
01:14
from a coverage覆蓋 that I've just completed完成 that is not published發表 yet然而.
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我剛剛完成但尚未發表的新聞報導裡的照片
01:17
National國民 Geographic地理 doesn't do this,
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國家地理頻道通常不會這樣做
01:19
so I'm very excited興奮 to be able能夠 to share分享 this with you.
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我很高興,能與你們分享這些照片
01:21
And what these images圖片 are --
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那麼這是些什麼樣的照片呢?
01:23
you'll你會 see them at the start開始 of the slide滑動 show顯示 -- there's only about four images圖片 --
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你會在幻燈片開頭看到它們,大約只有四張照片
01:26
but it's of a little bear that lives生活 in the Great Bear Rainforest雨林.
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拍的是住在大熊雨林的一隻小熊
01:29
It's pure white白色, but it's not a polar極性 bear.
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牠的毛色雖然純白,但牠不是北極熊
01:32
It's a spirit精神 bear, or a Kermode克默德 bear.
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牠是白靈熊或克莫德熊
01:34
There are only 200 of these bears left.
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現在這種熊只剩下約200隻
01:36
They're more rare罕見 than the panda熊貓 bear.
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比貓熊還稀有
01:39
I satSAT there on the river for two months個月 without seeing眼看 one.
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我在河面上待了兩個月沒有看見一隻
01:42
I thought, my career's職業的 over.
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我以為,我的職業生涯完了
01:44
I proposed建議 this stupid story故事 to National國民 Geographic地理.
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我向《National Geographic》雜誌提議這個愚蠢的故事
01:46
What in the heck赫克 was I thinking思維?
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我到底在想什麽啊?
01:48
So I had two months個月 to sit there
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於是我有兩個月的時間坐在那兒
01:50
and figure數字 out different不同 ways方法 of what I was going to do in my next下一個 life,
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弄清楚我接下來的日子該做點什麽別的事情
01:52
after I was a photographer攝影師, because they were going to fire me.
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因為我是一名攝影師,因為他們將要解雇我
01:54
Because National國民 Geographic地理 is a magazine雜誌; they remind提醒 us all the time:
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因為《National Geographic》是一本雜誌,他們始終提醒我們
01:57
they publish發布 pictures圖片, not excuses藉口.
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他們刊登照片,而非藉口
01:59
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
02:04
And after two months個月 of sitting坐在 there --
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在那兒坐了兩個月之後
02:06
one day, thinking思維 that it was all over,
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有一天,我想著這一切都完了
02:08
this incredible難以置信 big white白色 male came來了 down,
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這隻不可思議的大白公熊下來了
02:10
right beside me, three feet away from me,
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在我右側,三英尺遠的地方
02:12
and he went down and grabbed抓起 a fish and went off in the forest森林 and ate it.
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牠下到水裡,抓起一條魚,回到森林裡把魚吃了
02:15
And then I spent花費 the entire整個 day living活的 my childhood童年 dream夢想
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於是我花了一整天過我童年時夢想的生活
02:18
of walking步行 around with this bear through通過 the forest森林.
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我跟著這隻熊穿過森林
02:21
He went through通過 this old-growth古老的 forest森林
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牠穿過這片老熟林
02:23
and satSAT up beside this 400-year-old-歲 culturally文化 modified改性 tree and went to sleep睡覺.
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然後坐在這棵有400年歷史的文化改造樹邊睡著了
02:26
And I actually其實 got to sleep睡覺 within three feet of him,
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我真的在離牠三英尺的地方睡著了
02:29
just in the forest森林, and photograph照片 him.
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就在森林裡,拍攝牠
02:32
So I'm very excited興奮 to be able能夠 to show顯示 you those images圖片
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所以我很高興能向你們展示這些照片
02:35
and a cross-section橫截面 of my work that I've doneDONE on the polar極性 regions地區.
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以及我在極地所做的工作
02:37
Please enjoy請享用.
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希望你們喜歡
02:40
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
02:44
Brandi布蘭迪 Carlile卡萊爾: ♫ Have you ever wandered逛到 lonely孤獨 through通過 the woods樹木? ♫
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Brandi Carlile: ♫你是否曾獨自遊蕩在森林裡?♫
02:50
♫ And everything there feels感覺 just as it should ♫
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♫一切都是本來的摸樣♫
02:55
♫ You're part部分 of the life there ♫
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♫你是其中的一份子♫
02:57
♫ You're part部分 of something good ♫
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♫你是美好事物的一部份
03:00
♫ If you've ever wandered逛到 lonely孤獨 through通過 the woods樹木
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♫如果你曾獨自遊蕩在森林♫
03:06
Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh
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♫喔~♫
03:11
♫ If you've ever wandered逛到 lonely孤獨 through通過 the woods樹木
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♫如果你曾獨自遊蕩在森林裡♫
03:16
♫ Have you ever stared盯著 into a starry星光燦爛 sky天空? ♫
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♫你是否曾仰望星空?♫
03:21
Lying說謊 on your back, you're asking why ♫
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♫仰臥在地,你有許多疑問♫
03:26
♫ What's the purpose目的? ♫
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♫生命的目的是什麽?♫
03:28
♫ I wonder奇蹟, who am I? ♫
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♫我想知道,我是誰?♫
03:31
♫ If you've ever stared盯著 into a starry星光燦爛 sky天空
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♫如果你曾仰望星空♫
03:37
Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh
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♫喔~♫
03:43
Aah啊哈, ah, aahAAH
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♫啊~♫
03:48
Ah, oh, oh, ah, ah, oh, oh ♫
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♫啊~喔~♫
03:55
♫ Have you ever stared盯著 into a starry星光燦爛 sky天空? ♫
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♫你是否曾仰望星空?♫
04:05
♫ Have you ever been out walking步行 in the snow? ♫
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♫你是否曾在雪地漫步?♫
04:10
Tried試著 to get back where you were before ♫
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♫嘗試回到你的故鄉♫
04:15
♫ You always end結束 up ♫
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♫你總是不知道♫
04:17
♫ Not knowing會心 where to go ♫
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♫該去何處♫
04:23
♫ If you've ever been out walking步行 in the snow
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♫如果你曾在雪地漫步♫
04:28
Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh
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♫喔~♫
04:34
Aah啊哈, ah, aahAAH, ah, aahAAH
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♫啊~♫
04:38
Ah, ah, oh, ah, ah, oh, ah
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♫啊~喔~♫
04:46
♫ Oh, ah, ah, ah
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♫喔~啊~♫
04:49
Ah, ah, oh, ah, ah, oh, oh ♫
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♫啊~喔~♫
04:57
♫ If you'd ever been out walking步行 you would know ♫
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♫如果你曾外出漫步,你會明了♫
05:04
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
05:08
Paul保羅 Nicklen尼克倫: Thank you very much. The show's節目的 not over.
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Paul Nicklen:非常感謝,演講還沒結束
05:11
My clock時鐘 is ticking滴答. Okay, let's stop.
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我的時間不多。好,咱們停一下。
05:13
Thank you very much. I appreciate欣賞 it.
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謝謝,我很感激。
05:15
We're inundated淹沒 with news新聞 all the time
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我們總是被這樣的新聞淹沒
05:18
that the sea ice is disappearing消失
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海洋冰層正在消失
05:20
and it's at its lowest最低 level水平.
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已經降到最低水平了
05:22
And in fact事實, scientists科學家們 were originally本來 saying
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事實上,科學家們起初是說
05:24
sea ice is going to disappear消失 in the next下一個 hundred years年份, then they said 50 years年份.
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海洋冰層將在未來的一百年消失,接著他們說50年
05:27
Now they're saying the sea ice in the Arctic北極,
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現在他們說北極的海洋冰層
05:30
the summertime夏令 extent程度 is going to be gone走了 in the next下一個 four to 10 years年份.
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夏季區域的冰層將在未來四到十年內消失
05:33
And what does that mean?
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這是什麽意思呢?
05:35
After a while of reading this in the news新聞, it just becomes news新聞.
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在讀了一陣子相關新聞後,這些也僅僅只是新聞而已
05:38
You glaze over with it.
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你變得對這樣的消息習以為常
05:40
And what I'm trying to do with my work is put faces面孔 to this.
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我正試著透過自己的工作讓人們瞭解這一點
05:42
And I want people to understand理解 and get the concept概念
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我希望人們能夠理解並得到一個概念
05:45
that, if we lose失去 ice,
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如果我們失去海洋冰層
05:47
we stand to lose失去 an entire整個 ecosystem生態系統.
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我們肯定會失去整個生態系統
05:49
Projections預測 are that we could lose失去 polar極性 bears; they could become成為 extinct絕種
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預估我們可能會失去北極熊,在未來的50到100年
05:52
in the next下一個 50 to 100 years年份.
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牠們會絕種
05:54
And there's no better, sexier性感,
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再也沒有更好、更讓人動心
05:56
more beautiful美麗, charismatic魅力 megafauna巨型動物 species種類
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更美又魅力十足的巨型物種
05:59
for me to hang my campaign運動 on.
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讓我可以繼續探索
06:02
Polar極性 bears are amazing驚人 hunters獵人.
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北極熊是神奇的獵人
06:04
This was a bear I satSAT with for a while on the shores海岸.
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這隻熊和我一起在海邊坐了一會兒
06:06
There was no ice around.
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周圍沒有冰
06:08
But this glacier冰川 caved下陷 into the water and a seal密封 got on it.
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但有一塊冰川陷在水中,上面有隻海豹,
06:10
And this bear swam out to that seal密封 --
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這隻熊游向那隻海豹--
06:12
800 lb. bearded大鬍子 seal密封 --
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800磅重的鬍鬚海豹--
06:14
grabbed抓起 it, swam back and ate it.
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牠抓住海豹,游回來把海豹吃了
06:17
And he was so full充分, he was so happy快樂 and so fat脂肪 eating this seal密封,
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牠那麼滿足,那麼開心,大口地吃著海豹
06:20
that, as I approached接近 him --
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當我接近牠--
06:22
about 20 feet away -- to get this picture圖片,
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約20英尺遠--拍照時
06:24
his only defense防禦 was to keep eating more seal密封.
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牠唯一的防衛就是繼續吃海豹
06:26
And as he ate, he was so full充分 --
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牠吃的時候那麼滿足--
06:28
he probably大概 had about 200 lbs of meat in his belly肚皮 --
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牠的胃裡大概有200磅肉了--
06:31
and as he ate inside one side of his mouth,
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牠用嘴的一邊吃的同時
06:33
he was regurgitating反芻 out the other side of his mouth.
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用另一邊反芻
06:36
So as long as these bears have any bit of ice they will survive生存,
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這些熊只需要少量的冰層就能存活
06:39
but it's the ice that's disappearing消失.
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但冰層正在消失
06:42
We're finding發現 more and more dead bears in the Arctic北極.
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我們在北極發現越來越多的死熊
06:45
When I worked工作 on polar極性 bears as a biologist生物學家 20 years年份 ago,
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20年前我作為生物學家研究北極熊時
06:47
we never found發現 dead bears.
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我們從未發現死熊
06:49
And in the last four or five years年份,
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最近四五年
06:51
we're finding發現 dead bears popping up all over the place地點.
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我們發現所有地方都有死熊出現
06:53
We're seeing眼看 them in the Beaufort博福特 Sea,
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我們在波弗特海看到牠們
06:55
floating漂浮的 in the open打開 ocean海洋 where the ice has melted融化了 out.
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浮在冰塊融化殆盡的海面上
06:57
I found發現 a couple一對 in Norway挪威 last year. We're seeing眼看 them on the ice.
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去年我在挪威發現一對熊夫妻,他們死在冰上
07:00
These bears are already已經 showing展示 signs跡象
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這些死熊已經讓我們感到
07:02
of the stress強調 of disappearing消失 ice.
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冰層消失的壓力
07:05
Here's這裡的 a mother母親 and her two year-old cub幼獸
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這是一隻母熊和她兩歲大的幼熊
07:08
were traveling旅行 on a ship a hundred miles英里 offshore海上 in the middle中間 of nowhere無處,
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正在一塊離岸一百哩的浮冰上走動
07:11
and they're riding騎術 on this big piece of glacier冰川 ice,
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牠們在這一大塊浮冰上
07:13
which哪一個 is great for them; they're safe安全 at this point.
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這對牠們來說太好了,待在那兒很安全
07:15
They're not going to die of hypothermia低溫.
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牠們不會因為體溫低而死去
07:17
They're going to get to land土地.
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牠們會往陸地移動
07:19
But unfortunately不幸, 95 percent百分 of the glaciers冰川 in the Arctic北極
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不幸的是,北極有95%的冰川
07:21
are also receding後退 right now
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正在消失融化
07:23
to the point that the ice is ending結尾 up on land土地
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接近陸地的冰層也幾乎要消失
07:25
and not injecting注射 any ice back into the ecosystem生態系統.
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也沒有任何冰重新回到生態系統中
07:29
These ringed環狀的 seals密封件, these are the "fatsiclesfatsicles" of the Arctic北極.
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這些環斑海豹,他們是北極的“蛋捲冰淇淋”。
07:31
These little, fat脂肪 dumplings水餃,
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這些又小又胖的水餃
07:33
150-pound-磅 bundles捆綁 of blubber大聲哭
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有150磅的鯨脂
07:36
are the mainstay支柱 of the polar極性 bear.
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是北極熊的主要食物
07:38
And they're not like the harbor港口 seals密封件 that you have here.
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他們不像這裡的麻斑海豹
07:41
These ringed環狀的 seals密封件 also live生活 out their entire整個 life cycle週期
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這些環斑海豹的整個生命週期
07:44
associated相關 and connected連接的 to sea ice.
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都跟海洋冰層息息相關
07:47
They give birth分娩 inside the ice,
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他們在冰裡出生
07:49
and they feed飼料 on the Arctic北極 cod鱈魚 that live生活 under the ice.
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以生活在冰下的北極鱈魚為食
07:52
And here's這裡的 a picture圖片 of sick生病 ice.
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這是一張冰的照片
07:54
This is a piece of multi-year多年 ice that's 12 years年份 old.
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這是一塊12年的多年冰
07:57
And what scientists科學家們 didn't predict預測 is that, as this ice melts熔體,
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科學家們沒有預料到,當冰塊融化時
08:00
these big pockets口袋 of black黑色 water are forming成型
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同時也形成了大量污水
08:03
and they're grabbing the sun's太陽 energy能源
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汙水會吸收太陽能
08:05
and accelerating加速 the melting融化 process處理.
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然後加速冰層融化
08:07
And here we are diving潛水 in the Beaufort博福特 Sea.
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這裡我們潛入波弗特海
08:09
The visibility's可見的 600 ftFT.; we're on our safety安全 lines;
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能見度為600英尺;我們在安全繩索上
08:12
the ice is moving移動 all over the place地點.
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冰塊在我們周圍移動
08:14
I wish希望 I could spend half an hour小時 telling告訴 you
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我希望可以花一個半小時來告訴你
08:16
about how we almost幾乎 died死亡 on this dive潛水.
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我們是如何差點死於潛水的
08:18
But what's important重要 in this picture圖片 is that you have a piece of multi-year多年 ice,
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但這張照片的重點是一塊多年冰
08:21
that big chunk of ice up in the corner.
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上面角落裡那一大塊冰
08:23
In that one single piece of ice,
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在這樣一塊的冰裡
08:25
you have 300 species種類 of microorganisms微生物.
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包含300種微生物
08:27
And in the spring彈簧, when the sun太陽 returns回報 to the ice,
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春天時,當太陽照耀冰塊時
08:30
it forms形式 the phytoplankton浮游植物, grows成長 under that ice,
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浮游植物聚集在此,在冰塊底部生長
08:32
and then you get bigger sheets床單 of seaweed海草,
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會長成一大片海草
08:35
and then you get the zoo動物園 plankton浮游生物 feeding饋送 on all that life.
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然後你會看到一個以這片海草為生的動物樂園
08:37
So really what the ice does
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那麼冰層實際上
08:39
is it acts行為 like a garden花園.
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就像一座花園
08:41
It acts行為 like the soil in a garden花園. It's an inverted garden花園.
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像是花園裡的土壤,這是一座倒立的花園
08:44
Losing失去 that ice is like losing失去 the soil in a garden花園.
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失去冰,就像失去了花園裡的土壤
08:46
Here's這裡的 me in my office辦公室.
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這是我在我的辦公室
08:48
I hope希望 you appreciate欣賞 yours你的.
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希望你們珍惜自己的辦公室
08:50
This is after an hour小時 under the ice.
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這是在冰下待了一個小時之後
08:53
I can't feel my lips嘴唇; my face面對 is frozen凍結的;
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我的嘴唇失去知覺,臉都凍僵了
08:55
I can't feel my hands; I can't feel my feet.
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我的手和腳也沒有感覺
08:57
And I've come up, and all I wanted to do was get out of the water.
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我已經上來了,我只想離開冰冷的水
09:00
After an hour小時 in these conditions條件,
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這種狀況持續一小時後
09:02
it's so extreme極端 that, when I go down,
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我已經凍僵,在水下
09:04
almost幾乎 every一切 dive潛水 I vomit嘔吐 into my regulator調節器
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幾乎每次潛水,我都會把調節器吐出來
09:06
because my body身體 can't deal合同 with the stress強調 of the cold on my head.
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因為我的身體無法承受頭部冰冷的壓力
09:09
And so I'm just so happy快樂 that the dive潛水 is over.
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所以我好高興潛水終於結束了
09:11
I get to hand my camera相機 to my assistant助理,
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我把照相機遞給助理
09:13
and I'm looking up at him, and I'm going, "Woo求愛. Woo求愛. Woo求愛."
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我抬頭看著他,我說:「呼,呼,呼。」
09:16
Which哪一個 means手段, "Take my camera相機."
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意思是,「拿著照相機。」
09:18
And he thinks I'm saying, "Take my picture圖片."
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他以為我在說:「給我照張相。」
09:20
So we had this little communication通訊 breakdown分解.
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於是我們有了這個小小的溝通障礙
09:23
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
09:26
But it's worth價值 it.
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但這一切很值得
09:28
I'm going to show顯示 you pictures圖片 of beluga白鯨 whales鯨魚, bowhead北極露脊 whales鯨魚,
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我會給你們看白鯨,北極露脊鯨
09:30
and narwhals獨角鯨, and polar極性 bears, and leopard seals密封件 today今天,
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獨角鯨、北極熊和豹斑海豹
09:33
but this picture圖片 right here means手段 more to me than any other I've ever made製作.
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但這些照片對我的意義比對其他看過照片的人更大
09:36
I dropped下降 down in this ice hole, just through通過 that hole that you just saw,
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我跳進冰窟隆,就是剛才你們看到的那個洞
09:39
and I looked看著 up under the underside下側 of the ice,
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我仰視冰層的底部
09:41
and I was dizzy頭暈; I thought I had vertigo眩暈.
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我暈眩了,以為自己出現幻覺
09:43
I got very nervous緊張 -- no rope, no safety安全 line,
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我非常緊張--沒有粗繩,沒有安全繩索
09:45
the whole整個 world世界 is moving移動 around me --
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整個世界在我周圍移動--
09:47
and I thought, "I'm in trouble麻煩."
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我想:「有麻煩了。」
09:49
But what happened發生 is that the entire整個 underside下側
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但是整個水下
09:51
was full充分 of these billions數十億 of amphipods片腳 and copepods橈足類
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充滿了成千上萬端足目動物和橈足類
09:54
moving移動 around and feeding饋送 on the underside下側 of the ice,
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四處游動,在冰層底部覓食
09:57
giving birth分娩 and living活的 out their entire整個 life cycle週期.
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繁殖,經歷他們整個的生命週期
09:59
This is the foundation基礎 of the whole整個 food餐飲 chain in the Arctic北極, right here.
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北極圈完整的食物鏈的基礎,就在這兒
10:02
And when you have low productivity生產率 in this, in ice,
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當冰層的生命力減弱時
10:05
the productivity生產率 in copepods橈足類 go down.
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橈足類動物的生命力也在減弱
10:08
This is a bowhead北極露脊 whale.
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這是北極露脊鯨
10:10
Supposedly按說, science科學 is stating說明
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按照推測,科學研究說明
10:12
that it could be the oldest最老的 living活的 animal動物 on earth地球 right now.
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牠是地球上迄今為止最長壽的動物
10:15
This very whale right here could be over 250 years年份 old.
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這隻貨真價實的鯨已經超過250歲了
10:18
This whale could have been born天生
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牠大概出生在
10:20
around the start開始 of the Industrial產業 Revolution革命.
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工業革命初期
10:22
It could have survived倖存 150 years年份 of whaling捕鯨.
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牠自150年以來的捕鯨活動中幸存下來
10:25
And now its biggest最大 threat威脅 is the disappearance消失 of ice in the North
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現在牠最大的威脅就是北部冰層的消失
10:28
because of the lives生活 that we're leading領導 in the South.
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原因是我們在南方所造就的生活方式
10:31
Narwhals獨角鯨, these majestic雄偉 narwhals獨角鯨
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獨角鯨,這些雄偉的獨角鯨
10:33
with their eight-foot八腳 long ivory象牙 tusks象牙, don't have to be here;
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牠們有八英尺長的乳白色獠牙,牠們不一定要待在這兒
10:36
they could be out on the open打開 water.
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牠們可以去開闊的海域
10:38
But they're forcing迫使 themselves他們自己 to come up in these tiny little ice holes
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但是牠們強迫自己待在這些小小的冰窟隆裡
10:41
where they can breathe呼吸, catch抓住 a breath呼吸,
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只有在這兒它們才能呼吸,喘口氣
10:43
because right under that ice are all the swarms成群 of cod鱈魚.
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因為冰下有成群的鱈魚
10:46
And the cod鱈魚 are there
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鱈魚在冰下
10:48
because they are feeding饋送 on all the copepods橈足類 and amphipods片腳.
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因為這裡有橈足類和端足目動物可以覓食
10:51
Alright好的, my favorite喜愛 part部分.
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好,我最喜歡部分來了
10:54
When I'm on my deathbed臨終,
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當我臨終時,
10:56
I'm going to remember記得 one story故事 more than any other.
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有一個故事我會記的特別清楚
10:58
Even though雖然 that spirit精神 bear moment時刻 was powerful強大,
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儘管遭遇白靈熊的那一刻讓我印象深刻
11:01
I don't think I'll ever have another另一個 experience經驗
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但我不會再有另一次
11:03
like I did with these leopard seals密封件.
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和這些豹斑海豹這樣互動的經驗了
11:05
Leopard seals密封件, since以來 the time of Shackleton沙克爾頓, have had a bad reputation聲譽.
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豹斑海豹,自沙克爾頓那時起,就有不好的名聲
11:08
They've他們已經 got that wryly挖苦 smile微笑 on their mouth.
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牠們嘴上帶著扭曲的微笑
11:10
They've他們已經 got those black黑色 sinister險惡 eyes眼睛
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牠們有黑色兇狠的眼睛
11:12
and those spots斑點 on their body身體.
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和身體上的斑點
11:14
They look positively積極 prehistoric史前 and a bit scary害怕.
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牠們看上去顯然是史前動物,還有點嚇人
11:17
And tragically可悲 in [2003],
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在悲慘的2004年
11:19
a scientist科學家 was taken採取 down and drowned淹死的,
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一位科學家被海豹拉進水裡淹死
11:22
and she was being存在 consumed消費 by a leopard seal密封.
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一隻豹斑海豹正在吃她
11:24
And people were like, "We knew知道 they were vicious惡毒. We knew知道 they were."
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人們會說:「我們就知道牠們很兇狠,牠們就是這樣的。」
11:27
And so people love to form形成 their opinions意見.
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所以人們很喜歡建構自己的觀點
11:29
And that's when I got a story故事 idea理念:
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那是我產生這個故事靈感的時候:
11:31
I want to go to Antarctica南極洲,
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我要去南極洲
11:33
get in the water with as many許多 leopard seals密封件 as I possibly或者 can
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盡可能地和很多的豹斑海豹一起待在水中
11:35
and give them a fair公平 shake --
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跟牠們平和的握個手--
11:37
find out if they really are these vicious惡毒 animals動物, or if they're misunderstood誤解.
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弄清楚牠們到底是兇狠的動物,還是被誤解了
11:40
So this is that story故事.
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這就是那個故事
11:42
Oh, and they also happen發生 to eat happy快樂 feet.
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喔,她們有時也會吃《快樂腳》(電影《快樂腳》中的企鵝)
11:45
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
11:48
As a species種類, as humans人類, we like to say penguins企鵝 are really cute可愛,
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作為人類這種物種,我們喜歡說企鵝真的很可愛
11:51
therefore因此, leopard seals密封件 eat them, so leopard seals密封件 are ugly醜陋 and bad.
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豹斑海豹吃了牠們,所以豹斑海豹很醜惡
11:54
It doesn't work that way.
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事情不是這樣的
11:56
The penguin企鵝 doesn't know it's cute可愛,
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當時企鵝不知道牠自己很可愛
11:58
and the leopard seal密封 doesn't know it's kind of big and monstrous滔天.
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豹斑海豹也不知道牠自己是種大怪物
12:00
This is just the food餐飲 chain unfolding展開.
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這只是食物鏈的一部分
12:03
They're also big.
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牠們也很大
12:05
They're not these little harbor港口 seals密封件.
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不像這些小小的斑海豹
12:07
They are 12 ftFT. long, a thousand pounds英鎊.
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牠們有12英尺長,一千磅
12:09
And they're also curiously好奇 aggressive侵略性.
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牠們也愛好奇地進攻
12:12
You get 12 tourists遊客 packed打包 into a Zodiac黃道帶,
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有一群遊客在充氣船上
12:15
floating漂浮的 in these icy冷冰冰 waters水域,
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他們正乘小船漂在這些冰冷的水上
12:17
and a leopard seal密封 comes up and bites咬傷 the pontoon浮橋.
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一隻豹斑海豹游上來咬了船
12:19
The boat starts啟動 to sink水槽, they race種族 back to the ship
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小船開始下沉,他們趕緊回到大船上
12:22
and get to go home and tell the stories故事 of how they got attacked襲擊.
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回到家,講述他們如何被豹斑海豹攻擊的故事
12:24
All the leopard seal密封 was doing --
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豹斑海豹所做的--
12:26
it's just biting尖刻 a balloon氣球.
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只是咬了一只氣球
12:28
It just sees看到 this big balloon氣球 in the ocean海洋 -- it doesn't have hands --
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牠只是在海面上看到一只大氣球--牠沒有手--
12:30
it's going to take a little bite, the boat pops持久性有機污染物, and off they go.
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牠會咬一小口,船破了,牠們就跑了
12:33
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
12:35
So after five days of crossing路口 the Drake Passage通道 --
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在五天橫越德雷克海峽之後--
12:38
isn't that beautiful美麗.
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這不是很美嗎?
12:41
After five days of crossing路口 the Drake Passage通道,
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五天橫越德雷克海峽後,
12:44
we have finally最後 arrived到達 at Antarctica南極洲.
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我們終於到達南極洲。
12:46
I'm with my Swedish瑞典 assistant助理 and guide指南.
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我和我的瑞典助理兼嚮導在一塊兒
12:48
His name名稱 is Goran戈蘭 EhlmeEhlme from Sweden瑞典 -- Goran戈蘭.
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他叫Goran Ehlme,來自瑞典--Goran。
12:52
And he has a lot of experience經驗 with leopard seals密封件. I have never seen看到 one.
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他有很多和豹斑海豹相處的經驗,我以前從沒見過這樣的人
12:55
So we come around the cove in our little Zodiac黃道帶 boat,
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我們乘坐小充氣船來到小灣
12:58
and there's this monstrous滔天 leopard seal密封.
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這隻巨大的豹斑海豹在那兒
13:00
And even in his voice語音, he goes, "That's a bloody血腥 big seal密封, ya."
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他的聲音甚至在說:「好一隻血腥的大海豹,耶。」
13:02
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
13:04
And this seal密封 is taking服用 this penguin企鵝 by the head,
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這隻海豹抓住企鵝的頭,
13:07
and it's flipping翻轉 it back and forth向前.
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正在把牠來回地拽。
13:09
And what it's trying to do is turn that penguin企鵝 inside-out反了,
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牠正在試著把企鵝從裡到外翻個面
13:11
so it can eat the meat off the bones骨頭,
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這樣牠就可以吃到了去骨頭的肉
13:14
and then it goes off and gets得到 another另一個 one.
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然後牠走開去抓另一隻
13:16
And so this leopard seal密封 grabbed抓起 another另一個 penguin企鵝,
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於是牠抓到一隻企鵝
13:18
came來了 under the boat, the Zodiac黃道帶,
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來到船底下,我們的充氣船
13:20
starting開始 hitting the hull船殼 of the boat.
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開始撞擊船身
13:22
And we're trying to not fall秋季 in the water.
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我們盡可能避免掉進水裡
13:24
And we sit down, and that's when Goran戈蘭 said to me,
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我們坐下來,這時Goran對我說
13:27
"This is a good seal密封, ya.
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「這是一隻好海豹耶
13:29
It's time for you to get in the water."
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該是你下水的時候了。」
13:31
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
13:34
And I looked看著 at Goran戈蘭, and I said to him, "Forget忘記 that."
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我看著Goran,對他說,「想都別想。」
13:37
But I think I probably大概 used a different不同 word starting開始 with the letter F.
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我想我或許用了另一個F開頭的詞。
13:41
But he was right.
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但他是對的。
13:43
He scolded me out, and said, "This is why we're here.
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他斥責我說:「這就是我們來這兒的目的。
13:45
And you purposed望目 this stupid story故事 to National國民 Geographic地理.
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你跟國家地理頻道提議這個故事,
13:47
And now you've got to deliver交付.
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現在你得拿出故事來,
13:49
And you can't publish發布 excuses藉口."
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而不是藉口。」
13:51
So I had such這樣 dry mouth --
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我有過這樣的咋舌--
13:53
probably大概 not as bad as now --
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也許不像現在那麼嚴重--
13:55
but I had such這樣, such這樣 dry mouth.
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但我實在無言以對
13:59
And my legs were just trembling發抖. I couldn't不能 feel my legs.
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我的腿開始發抖,我已經對自己的腿沒感覺了
14:02
I put my flippers蛙鞋 on. I could barely僅僅 part部分 my lips嘴唇.
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我穿上蛙鞋,我的腳趾幾乎不能分開
14:04
I put my snorkel浮潛 in my mouth,
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我把呼吸器放到嘴裡
14:06
and I rolled熱軋 over the side of the Zodiac黃道帶 into the water.
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我翻過充氣船進到水裡
14:09
And this was the first thing she did.
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她做的第一件事就是,
14:11
She came來了 racing賽跑 up to me, engulfed吞沒 my whole整個 camera相機 --
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游向我,吞了整個照相機--
14:14
and her teeth are up here and down here --
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她的牙齒夾住照相機--
14:17
but Goran戈蘭, before I had gotten得到 in the water, had given特定 me amazing驚人 advice忠告.
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但是Goran,在我下水之前,給了我絕妙的建議
14:20
He said, "If you get scared害怕, you close your eyes眼睛, ya, and she'll貝殼 go away."
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他說:「如果你害怕,就閉上眼睛,她會走開的。」
14:24
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
14:27
So that's all I had to work with at that point.
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所以那是我在當時唯一要做的事情
14:29
But I just started開始 to shoot射擊 these pictures圖片.
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但我開始拍這些照片
14:31
So she did this threat威脅 display顯示 for a few少數 minutes分鐘,
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她做這種威脅動作幾分鐘後
14:33
and then the most amazing驚人 thing happened發生 -- she totally完全 relaxed輕鬆.
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最神奇的事情發生了--她完全放鬆了
14:36
She went off, she got a penguin企鵝.
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她離開,抓住一隻企鵝
14:38
She stopped停止 about 10 feet away from me,
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她停在大概10英尺遠
14:40
and she satSAT there with this penguin企鵝, the penguin's企鵝 flapping, and she let's it go.
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她和企鵝一塊待在那兒,企鵝在抖動,她放牠走了
14:43
The penguin企鵝 swims游泳 toward me, takes off.
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那隻企鵝遊向我,逃走了
14:46
She grabs爭奪 another另一個 one. She does this over and over.
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她又抓了一隻,接著又抓了好幾次
14:48
And it dawned破曉 on me that she's trying to feed飼料 me a penguin企鵝.
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我逐漸明白原來她想餵我吃企鵝
14:50
Why else其他 would she release發布 these penguins企鵝 at me?
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不然她為什麼每次都放這些企鵝給我呢?
14:54
And after she did this four or five times,
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在她抓了四五次之後
14:57
she swam by me with this dejected垂頭喪氣 look on her face面對.
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她遊過我身邊,臉上帶著沮喪的表情
15:00
You don't want to be too anthropomorphic擬人化, but I swear發誓 that she looked看著 at me
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你並不想這麼擬人化,但我發誓她看著我
15:03
like, "This useless無用 predator's捕食者的 going to starve餓死 in my ocean海洋."
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像在說:「這個沒用的食肉動物要在我的海洋餓死了。」
15:05
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
15:10
So realizing實現 I couldn't不能 catch抓住 swimming游泳的 penguins企鵝,
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意識到我無法抓住會游動的企鵝
15:12
she'd get these other penguins企鵝 and bring帶來 them slowly慢慢地 towards me,
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她抓了另外別的企鵝,慢慢地把牠們帶到我這兒
15:14
bobbing上下擺動 like this, and she'd let them go.
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像這樣扭動身體,之後放了他們
15:16
This didn't work.
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這也不管用
15:18
I was laughing so hard and so emotional情緒化
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我笑得很開心很激動
15:20
that my mask面具 was flooding洪水, because I was crying哭了 underwater水下,
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我的面具充滿了水,因為我在水下哭了
15:22
just because it was so amazing驚人.
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因為這一切太神奇了
15:24
And so that didn't work.
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然後,她那樣做也不管用
15:26
So then she'd get another另一個 penguin企鵝 and try this ballet-like芭蕾般的 sexy性感的 display顯示
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於是她抓了另一隻企鵝,嘗試用像芭蕾一樣的性感動作
15:28
sliding滑動 down this iceberg冰山 like this. (Laughter笑聲)
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像這樣滑下冰山
15:31
And she would sort分類 of bring帶來 them over to me and offer提供 it to me.
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她想把牠們帶過來給我
15:33
This went on for four days.
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這樣持續了四天
15:35
This just didn't happen發生 a couple一對 of times.
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只有兩三個時候不是這樣
15:37
And then so she realized實現 I couldn't不能 catch抓住 live生活 ones那些,
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然後她意識到我無法抓住活的企鵝
15:39
so she brought me dead penguins企鵝.
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於是她把死的企鵝拿來給我
15:41
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
15:44
Now I've got four or five penguins企鵝 floating漂浮的 around my head,
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現在我的頭邊漂浮著四五隻企鵝
15:48
and I'm just sitting坐在 there shooting射擊 away.
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我就只是待在那兒不停拍照
15:52
And she would often經常 stop and have this dejected垂頭喪氣 look on her face面對
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她經常會停下來,臉上掛著沮喪的表情
15:54
like, "Are you for real真實?"
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像是說:「你不是來真的吧?」
15:56
Because she can't believe I can't eat this penguin企鵝.
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因為她不相信我不會吃企鵝
15:58
Because in her world世界, you're either breeding配種 or you're eating --
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在她的世界里,你不在繁殖就在吃食--
16:00
and I'm not breeding配種, so ...
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我沒在繁殖
16:02
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
16:04
And then that wasn't enough足夠; she started開始 to flip翻動 penguins企鵝 onto my head.
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這還沒完,她開始扔企鵝到我頭上
16:07
She was trying to force-feed力饋送 me. She's pushing推動 me around.
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她試著強行餵我,她在周圍推我
16:09
She's trying to force-feed力饋送 my camera相機,
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想要強行餵我的照相機
16:11
which哪一個 is every一切 photographer's攝影師 dream夢想.
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這是每個攝影師的夢想
16:14
And she would get frustrated受挫; she'd blow打擊 bubbles泡泡 in my face面對.
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她有點受挫了,開始往我臉上吹泡泡
16:17
She would, I think, let me know that I was going to starve餓死.
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她可能是想告訴我這樣會餓死的
16:19
But yet然而 she didn't stop.
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但她仍然沒有停止
16:21
She would not stop trying to feed飼料 me penguins企鵝.
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繼續嘗試餵我吃企鵝
16:23
And on the last day with this female
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在和這位女性在一塊兒的最後一天
16:25
where I thought I had pushed her too far,
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我想我把她推得太遠了
16:27
I got nervous緊張 because she came來了 up to me,
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我開始緊張,因為她游向我
16:30
she rolled熱軋 over on her back,
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她把背部翻過來
16:32
and she did this deep, guttural喉音 jackhammer手持式鑿岩機 sound聲音, this gokgokgokgokgokgokgokgok.
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她發出像電鑽的的喉音,像「叩叩叩叩」
16:35
And I thought, she's about to bite.
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我以為她要咬我了
16:37
She's about to let me know she's too frustrated受挫 with me.
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或者她想讓我知道她對我太失望了
16:40
What had happened發生 was another另一個 seal密封 had snuck偷傳 in behind背後 me,
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其實,是另一隻豹斑海豹溜到我後面
16:43
and she did that to threat威脅 display顯示.
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她那麼做是表示威脅
16:45
She chased that big seal密封 away, went and got its penguin企鵝
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她把大海豹趕走了,又抓了企鵝
16:47
and brought it to me.
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帶來給我。
16:49
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
16:52
That wasn't the only seal密封 I got in the water with.
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這不是我在水裡遇到的唯一一隻海豹
16:54
I got in the water with 30 other leopard seals密封件,
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我和另外30隻豹斑海豹一同在水中
16:57
and I never once一旦 had a scary害怕 encounter遭遇.
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從沒有過驚險的遭遇
17:00
They are the most remarkable卓越 animals動物 I've ever worked工作 with,
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他們是我合作過的動物中最令人印象深刻的
17:02
and the same相同 with polar極性 bears.
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北極熊也一樣
17:04
And just like the polar極性 bears,
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和北極熊一樣
17:06
these animals動物 depend依靠 on an icy冷冰冰 environment環境.
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這些動物依賴有冰的環境
17:11
I get emotional情緒化. Sorry.
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我有點激動,抱歉
17:14
It's a story故事 that lives生活 deep in my heart,
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這是一個深入我心的故事
17:17
and I'm proud驕傲 to share分享 this with you.
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我很自豪能分享給你們
17:19
And I'm so passionate多情 about it.
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我對這件事充滿了熱情
17:21
Anybody任何人 want to come with me to Antarctica南極洲 or the Arctic北極, I'll take you; let's go.
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任何人如果想和我一塊兒去南極或北極,我會帶你一塊走
17:24
We've我們已經 got to get the story故事 out now. Thank you very much.
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我們已經把這個故事說完了,非常感謝各位
17:26
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
17:28
Thank you.
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謝謝。
17:30
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
17:34
Thank you.
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謝謝。
17:36
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
17:42
Thank you. Thanks謝謝 very much.
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謝謝,非常謝謝
17:44
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
17:46
Thank you.
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謝謝。
17:48
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
Translated by fang yangyang
Reviewed by Joyce Chou

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Nicklen - Polar photographer
Paul Nicklen photographs the creatures of the Arctic and Antarctic, generating global awareness about wildlife in these isolated and endangered environments.

Why you should listen

Paul Nicklen grew up one of only a few non-Inuit in an Inuit settlement on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada -- a childhood that taught him the patience, stamina and respect for nature required for his beat in the frigid climes of Earth’s polar regions. Best known for his vivid and intimate wildlife photos for National Geographic, Nicklen started out a biologist in the Northwest Territories, gathering data on such species as lynx, grizzlies, and polar bears. Today he bridges the gap between scientific research and the public, showing how fragile and fast-changing habitats are profoundly affecting wildlife.

During the course of his workday Nicklen regularly comes face-to-face with fantastic creatures: narwhals, Arctic foxes, elephant seals, and more. His most amazing experience? An underwater encounter with a leopard seal who for four days tried to feed him penguins through the "mouth" of his lens.

More profile about the speaker
Paul Nicklen | Speaker | TED.com