ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Pamela Meyer - Lie detector
Pamela Meyer thinks we’re facing a pandemic of deception, but she’s arming people with tools that can help take back the truth.

Why you should listen
Social media expert Pamela Meyer can tell when you’re lying. If it’s not your words that give you away, it’s your posture, eyes, breathing rate, fidgets, and a host of other indicators. Worse, we are all lied to up to 200 times a day, she says, from the white lies that allow society to function smoothly to the devastating duplicities that bring down corporations and break up families.

Working with a team of researchers over several years, Meyer, who is CEO of social networking company Simpatico Networks, collected and reviewed most of the research on deception that has been published, from such fields as law-enforcement, military, psychology and espionage. She then became an expert herself, receiving advanced training in deception detection, including multiple courses of advanced training in interrogation, microexpression analysis, statement analysis, behavior and body language interpretation, and emotion recognition. Her research is synthetized in her bestselling book Liespotting.
More profile about the speaker
Pamela Meyer | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Pamela Meyer: How to spot a liar

Pamela Meyer: 識破謊言的假面

Filmed:
28,415,176 views

在任何特定的日子,我們受騙的次數起碼有10到200次,這些謊言的線索,可說是不露痕跡且有違直覺。《破解謊言》的作者Pamela Meyer說明,那些受過訓練、能識破欺騙的人辨識詐欺所使用的技倆和『關鍵跡象(hotspots)』──而且她主張誠實是一個值得維持的價值。
- Lie detector
Pamela Meyer thinks we’re facing a pandemic of deception, but she’s arming people with tools that can help take back the truth. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Okay, now I don't want to alarm報警 anybody任何人 in this room房間,
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嗯,我不想驚動在這講廳內的任何人
00:20
but it's just come to my attention注意
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但那引起我的注意
00:22
that the person to your right is a liar說謊者.
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在你右邊的那人是騙子。
00:24
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
00:26
Also, the person to your left is a liar說謊者.
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還有,你左邊的那個是個騙子。
00:29
Also the person sitting坐在 in your very seats is a liar說謊者.
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坐在你位子上的那個人也是個騙子。
00:32
We're all liars騙子.
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我們全是騙子。
00:34
What I'm going to do today今天
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今天我要做的是
00:36
is I'm going to show顯示 you what the research研究 says about why we're all liars騙子,
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我要讓你們看看為何研究指出我們都是騙子的理由、
00:39
how you can become成為 a liespotterliespotter
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你如何能成為識破謊言者
00:41
and why you might威力 want to go the extra額外 mile英里
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及為何你也許想更進一步
00:44
and go from liespottingliespotting to truth真相 seeking,
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由識破謊言到尋求真相,
00:47
and ultimately最終 to trust相信 building建造.
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最終到信任的殿堂。
00:49
Now speaking請講 of trust相信,
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說到信任,
00:52
ever since以來 I wrote this book, "LiespottingLiespotting,"
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打從我寫這本書《破解謊言》
00:55
no one wants to meet遇到 me in person anymore, no, no, no, no, no.
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再也沒有人想和我會面,不、不、不、不、不。
00:58
They say, "It's okay, we'll email電子郵件 you."
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他們說:「沒關係,我們會email 給你。」
01:01
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
01:03
I can't even get a coffee咖啡 date日期 at Starbucks星巴克.
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我甚至得不到在星巴克喝咖啡的約會。
01:07
My husband's丈夫 like, "Honey蜜糖, deception騙局?
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我丈夫會說:「親愛的,『欺騙』?
01:09
Maybe you could have focused重點 on cooking烹飪. How about French法國 cooking烹飪?"
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也許你可以專研烹飪。法國烹飪如何?」
01:12
So before I get started開始, what I'm going to do
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那麼在開始前,我首先要
01:14
is I'm going to clarify澄清 my goal目標 for you,
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為你們釐清我的目標,
01:17
which哪一個 is not to teach a game遊戲 of Gotcha疑難雜症.
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我不是要教『抓鬼(Gotcha)』遊戲。
01:19
LiespottersLiespotters aren't those nitpicky挑剔 kids孩子,
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識破謊言者不是那些雞蛋裡挑骨頭的孩子,
01:21
those kids孩子 in the back of the room房間 that are shouting叫喊, "Gotcha疑難雜症! Gotcha疑難雜症!
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在房子後面大喊:「抓到了! 抓到了!
01:24
Your eyebrow twitched抽動. You flared喇叭形 your nostril鼻孔.
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你的眉毛抽搐、你撐大鼻孔。
01:27
I watch that TV電視 show顯示 'Lie'謊言 To Me.' I know you're lying說謊."
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我有看電視節目〈對我撒謊〉(Lie to me)。我知道你在說謊。」
01:30
No, liespottersliespotters are armed武裝
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不,識破謊言者身懷
01:32
with scientific科學 knowledge知識 of how to spot deception騙局.
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辨識欺騙的科學知識。
01:35
They use it to get to the truth真相,
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他們用之以取得真相,
01:37
and they do what mature成熟 leaders領導者 do everyday每天;
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他們做謹慎的領導者每天在做的事;
01:39
they have difficult conversations對話 with difficult people,
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他們運用招術與棘手的人物交談,
01:42
sometimes有時 during very difficult times.
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有時更是在相當難熬的時候。
01:44
And they start開始 up that path路徑
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他們一開始便循
01:46
by accepting驗收 a core核心 proposition主張,
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依據同意一個核心論點的路線,
01:48
and that proposition主張 is the following以下:
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該論點如下述:
01:50
Lying說謊 is a cooperative合作社 act法案.
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『說謊是一種樂意共構的行動』。
01:53
Think about it, a lie謊言 has no power功率 whatsoever任何 by its mere utterance發聲.
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想一想,單僅是話語,一個謊言成不了氣候。
01:57
Its power功率 emerges出現
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其能量匯集而成,
01:59
when someone有人 else其他 agrees同意 to believe the lie謊言.
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當其他人同意也相信謊言。
02:01
So I know it may可能 sound聲音 like tough強硬 love,
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我知道那也許聽來像『嚴苛的愛(tough love)』,
02:03
but look, if at some point you got lied說謊 to,
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但聽好,在某些時候你被騙
02:07
it's because you agreed約定 to get lied說謊 to.
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那是因為你同意被騙。
02:09
Truth真相 number one about lying說謊: Lying's說謊的 a cooperative合作社 act法案.
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有關說謊的一號真相:說謊是一種共構的行為。
02:12
Now not all lies are harmful有害.
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不是所有的謊言都有害。
02:14
Sometimes有時 we're willing願意 participants參與者 in deception騙局
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有時我們是騙局的自願參與者,
02:17
for the sake清酒 of social社會 dignity尊嚴,
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為社交體面之故,
02:20
maybe to keep a secret秘密 that should be kept不停 secret秘密, secret秘密.
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可能對當保守的袐密守口如瓶。
02:23
We say, "Nice尼斯 song歌曲."
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我們說:「好歌。」
02:25
"Honey蜜糖, you don't look fat脂肪 in that, no."
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「親愛的,你穿那件看起來不胖,不。」
02:28
Or we say, favorite喜愛 of the digirattidigiratti,
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或是網路高手的最愛,我們說:
02:30
"You know, I just fished捕魚 that email電子郵件 out of my spam垃圾郵件 folder.
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「你明白的,我才剛從垃圾郵件匣找出那封信。
02:33
So sorry."
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所以,抱歉囉!」
02:36
But there are times when we are unwilling不甘 participants參與者 in deception騙局.
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但有時我們是非自願參與欺騙。
02:39
And that can have dramatic戲劇性 costs成本 for us.
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我們為其付出慘痛代價。
02:42
Last year saw 997 billion十億 dollars美元
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去年發生了九千九百七十億元
02:45
in corporate企業 fraud舞弊 alone單獨 in the United聯合的 States狀態.
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企業集團詐欺,單單在美國。
02:49
That's an eyelash睫毛 under a trillion dollars美元.
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那是兆美元之一分,九牛一毛。
02:51
That's seven percent百分 of revenues收入.
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那是7%的稅收。
02:53
Deception騙局 can cost成本 billions數十億.
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詐欺能耗上數來億。
02:55
Think Enron安然, Madoff麥道夫, the mortgage抵押 crisis危機.
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想想安隆案( Enron)、馬道夫騙局(Madoff)、次級房貸危機。
02:58
Or in the case案件 of double agents代理 and traitors叛徒,
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或者是雙重代理和背信的案例,
03:01
like Robert羅伯特 Hanssen漢森 or AldrichAldrich公司 Ames埃姆斯,
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像是Robert Hanssen或者Aldrich Ames(兩者皆為間諜),
03:03
lies can betray背叛 our country國家,
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謊言能出賣我們的國家、
03:05
they can compromise妥協 our security安全, they can undermine破壞 democracy民主,
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謊言會危及我們國防、謊言能削弱民主、
03:08
they can cause原因 the deaths死亡 of those that defend保衛 us.
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謊言會導致捍衛我們的一切瓦解。
03:11
Deception騙局 is actually其實 serious嚴重 business商業.
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詐欺事實上是危險的生意。
03:14
This con man, Henry亨利 OberlanderOberlander,
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騙徒Henry Oberlander,
03:16
he was such這樣 an effective有效 con man
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他是高桿的騙徒,
03:18
British英國的 authorities當局 say
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英國當局表示
03:20
he could have undermined破壞 the entire整個 banking銀行業 system系統 of the Western西 world世界.
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他本可破壞西方世界的整個銀行系統。
03:23
And you can't find this guy on Google谷歌; you can't find him anywhere隨地.
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你在Google搜尋不到這個人;你無從找起。
03:25
He was interviewed採訪 once一旦, and he said the following以下.
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他有次受訪,說了這樣的話,
03:28
He said, "Look, I've got one rule規則."
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他說:「瞧,我有條法則。」
03:30
And this was Henry's亨利 rule規則, he said,
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這是『亨利的法則』,他說:
03:33
"Look, everyone大家 is willing願意 to give you something.
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「瞧,每個人願意給你某東西。
03:35
They're ready準備 to give you something for whatever隨你 it is they're hungry飢餓 for."
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他們準備好給你某東西,換取他們渴求的,不論是什麼。」
03:38
And that's the crux癥結 of it.
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而這就是其關鍵。
03:40
If you don't want to be deceived被騙, you have to know,
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若你不想被欺騙,你必須知道
03:42
what is it that you're hungry飢餓 for?
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你最渴望的是什麼?
03:44
And we all kind of hate討厭 to admit承認 it.
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我們都有點討厭承認這點。
03:47
We wish希望 we were better husbands丈夫, better wives妻子,
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我們希望我們是更佳的丈夫、更佳的妻子;
03:50
smarter聰明, more powerful強大,
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更聰明、更有權力、
03:52
taller, richer更豐富 --
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更高、更富有──
03:54
the list名單 goes on.
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願望清單不勝枚舉。
03:56
Lying說謊 is an attempt嘗試 to bridge that gap間隙,
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說謊是企圖在那道溝上架橋;
03:58
to connect our wishes祝福 and our fantasies幻想
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把我們的願望、幻想
04:00
about who we wish希望 we were, how we wish希望 we could be,
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關於我們希望我們是誰、我們希望我們能如何
04:03
with what we're really like.
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與我們真正面貌連結。
04:06
And boy男孩 are we willing願意 to fill in those gaps空白 in our lives生活 with lies.
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嘿!我們樂意以謊言填滿我們生命的溝壑。
04:09
On a given特定 day, studies學習 show顯示 that you may可能 be lied說謊 to
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在某段時間,研究顯示,你可能被誆
04:12
anywhere隨地 from 10 to 200 times.
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在任何地點,次數起碼10次至200次。
04:14
Now granted理所當然, many許多 of those are white白色 lies.
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當然,多數是無傷大雅的謊言。
04:17
But in another另一個 study研究,
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但在另一個研究指出,
04:19
it showed顯示 that strangers陌生人 lied說謊 three times
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陌生人撒謊三次,
04:21
within the first 10 minutes分鐘 of meeting會議 each other.
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在彼此見面的初始10分鐘內。
04:23
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
04:25
Now when we first hear this data數據, we recoil畏縮.
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我們初次得知這個數據,大為震驚。
04:28
We can't believe how prevalent流行 lying說謊 is.
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不敢置信,說謊已蔚然成風。
04:30
We're essentially實質上 against反對 lying說謊.
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本質上,我們是反對說謊。
04:32
But if you look more closely密切,
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但若你仔細瞧,
04:34
the plot情節 actually其實 thickens變稠.
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情節著實撲朔迷離。
04:36
We lie謊言 more to strangers陌生人 than we lie謊言 to coworkers合作夥伴.
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我們對陌生人說的謊比對工作伙伴說的還多。
04:39
Extroverts性格外向的人 lie謊言 more than introverts內向的人.
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外向者說的謊言多於內向者。
04:43
Men男人 lie謊言 eight times more about themselves他們自己
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男人談論自己時撒的謊是
04:46
than they do other people.
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談論他人時的八倍多。
04:48
Women婦女 lie謊言 more to protect保護 other people.
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女人說謊大多為了保護他人。
04:51
If you're an average平均 married已婚 couple一對,
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若你們是一對普通的已婚夫婦,
04:54
you're going to lie謊言 to your spouse伴侶
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你會對你的配偶撒謊,
04:56
in one out of every一切 10 interactions互動.
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每十次的交流就有一次。
04:58
Now you may可能 think that's bad.
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現在你也許認為那不好。
05:00
If you're unmarried未婚, that number drops滴劑 to three.
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若你未婚,則數字掉至三次有一次。
05:02
Lying's說謊的 complex複雜.
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說謊是複雜糾結的。
05:04
It's woven編織 into the fabric of our daily日常 and our business商業 lives生活.
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人們以之編造出我們每日生活、買賣交易的基本結構。
05:07
We're deeply ambivalent矛盾 about the truth真相.
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我們對於真相深感矛盾,
05:09
We parse解析 it out on an as-needed如所須 basis基礎,
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我們將其解讀成一種『需要基礎』,
05:11
sometimes有時 for very good reasons原因,
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有時理由十分充分,
05:13
other times just because we don't understand理解 the gaps空白 in our lives生活.
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其他時候只因我們不了解我們生活的溝渠。
05:16
That's truth真相 number two about lying說謊.
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那是關於說謊的真相二。
05:18
We're against反對 lying說謊,
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我們反對說謊,
05:20
but we're covertly隱蔽 for it
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但我們又暗渡陳倉,
05:22
in ways方法 that our society社會 has sanctioned制裁
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以我們的社會讚許的方式
05:24
for centuries百年 and centuries百年 and centuries百年.
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存在已有好幾個世紀。
05:26
It's as old as breathing呼吸.
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如呼吸一般的久遠。
05:28
It's part部分 of our culture文化, it's part部分 of our history歷史.
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是我們文化的一部分;歷史的一部分。
05:30
Think Dante, Shakespeare莎士比亞,
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想想但丁(Dante)、莎士比亞( Shakespeare)
05:33
the Bible聖經, News新聞 of the World世界.
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《聖經》(Bible)、《世界新聞報》(News of the World)。
05:36
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
05:38
Lying說謊 has evolutionary發展的 value to us as a species種類.
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說謊對身為一物種的人類有演化的貢獻。
05:40
Researchers研究人員 have long known已知
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研究人員老早就已知
05:42
that the more intelligent智能 the species種類,
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物種愈是聰明,
05:44
the larger the neocortex新皮層,
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新皮質愈是大,
05:46
the more likely容易 it is to be deceptive騙人的.
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更可能難以捉摸。
05:48
Now you might威力 remember記得 Koko科科.
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你們也許記得Koko 。
05:50
Does anybody任何人 remember記得 Koko科科 the gorilla大猩猩 who was taught sign標誌 language語言?
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有誰記得被教導手語的大猩猩Koko?
05:53
Koko科科 was taught to communicate通信 via通過 sign標誌 language語言.
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Koko被教導以手語溝通。
05:56
Here's這裡的 Koko科科 with her kitten小貓.
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這是Koko和牠的小貓。
05:58
It's her cute可愛 little, fluffy蓬鬆 pet寵物 kitten小貓.
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牠的嬌小玲瓏、毛茸茸的寵物貓。
06:01
Koko科科 once一旦 blamed指責 her pet寵物 kitten小貓
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Koko有次責備小寵物貓
06:03
for ripping翻錄 a sink水槽 out of the wall.
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把水槽從牆上給拆下來。
06:05
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
06:07
We're hardwired硬線 to become成為 leaders領導者 of the pack.
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我們生來即為群雄/賊之首,
06:09
It's starts啟動 really, really early.
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這是真的真的很早就開始的行為。
06:11
How early?
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有多早?
06:13
Well babies嬰兒 will fake a cry,
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嗯,嬰兒假哭,
06:15
pause暫停, wait to see who's誰是 coming未來
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停一下,等著瞧誰會來搭理,
06:17
and then go right back to crying哭了.
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然後回頭繼續哭。
06:19
One-year-olds一歲的孩子 learn學習 concealment隱蔽.
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一歲學會隱瞞;
06:21
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
06:23
Two-year-olds兩個歲 bluff虛張聲勢.
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兩歲學會裝模作樣;
06:25
Five-year-olds五歲 lie謊言 outright公然.
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五歲撒謊不臉紅,
06:27
They manipulate操作 via通過 flattery阿諛.
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他們巧妙的運用花言巧語;
06:29
Nine-year-olds九歲, masters主人 of the cover up.
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九歲,掩飾能手;
06:32
By the time you enter輸入 college學院,
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到了進大學前,
06:34
you're going to lie謊言 to your mom媽媽 in one out of every一切 five interactions互動.
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每五次和母親的交流中,有一次你會對她撒謊。
06:37
By the time we enter輸入 this work world世界 and we're breadwinners掙錢養家,
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到了進職場、掙錢養家,
06:40
we enter輸入 a world世界 that is just cluttered凌亂
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我們進入了一個世界,充斥著
06:42
with spam垃圾郵件, fake digital數字 friends朋友,
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垃圾郵件、虛假的數位朋友
06:44
partisan黨派 media媒體,
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政黨媒體、
06:46
ingenious巧妙 identity身分 thieves盜賊,
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神通廣大的身份盜賊、
06:48
world-class世界級 Ponzi龐氏騙局 schemers陰謀家,
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世界級騙局陰謀者(Ponzi schemers) 、
06:50
a deception騙局 epidemic疫情 --
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一種欺騙流行病──
06:52
in short, what one author作者 calls電話
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簡而言之,某位作家稱其為
06:54
a post-truth後的真相 society社會.
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後真相社會。
06:57
It's been very confusing撲朔迷離
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長久以來
06:59
for a long time now.
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一直令人困或不解。
07:03
What do you do?
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你能做什麼呢?
07:05
Well there are steps腳步 we can take
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我們可以採取這些步驟
07:07
to navigate導航 our way through通過 the morass沼澤.
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引領我們走出泥淖的明路。
07:09
Trained熟練 liespottersliespotters get to the truth真相 90 percent百分 of the time.
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受過訓的識破謊言者有百分之九十的時候,能獲得真相。
07:12
The rest休息 of us, we're only 54 percent百分 accurate準確.
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我們則只有54%的準確度。
07:15
Why is it so easy簡單 to learn學習?
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為何容易學呢?
07:17
There are good liars騙子 and there are bad liars騙子. There are no real真實 original原版的 liars騙子.
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有擅長說謊的人和蹩腳的編謊者;沒有誰是真正的謊言原創者。
07:20
We all make the same相同 mistakes錯誤. We all use the same相同 techniques技術.
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我們都犯同樣的錯誤;我們都使用同樣的伎倆。
07:23
So what I'm going to do
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那麼,我打算做什麼呢......
07:25
is I'm going to show顯示 you two patterns模式 of deception騙局.
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我要讓你們看兩種欺騙的模式。
07:27
And then we're going to look at the hot spots斑點 and see if we can find them ourselves我們自己.
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然後我們來檢視這些關鍵跡象(hot spots)並看看我們自己能否找出關鍵跡象。
07:30
We're going to start開始 with speech言語.
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我們先來看這段演說。
07:33
(Video視頻) Bill法案 Clinton克林頓: I want you to listen to me.
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(影視)比爾‧克林頓:「我要你們聽我說。
07:35
I'm going to say this again.
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我要再次重申
07:37
I did not have sexual有性 relations關係
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我沒有和那女人,
07:40
with that woman女人, Miss小姐 Lewinsky萊溫斯基.
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Lewinsky小姐發生性關係。
07:44
I never told anybody任何人 to lie謊言,
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我從未教唆任何人說謊,
07:46
not a single time, never.
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一次也沒有;從未。
07:48
And these allegations指控 are false.
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這些是子虛烏有的指控。
07:51
And I need to go back to work for the American美國 people.
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我必須回到崗位為美國人民工作了。
07:53
Thank you.
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謝謝。」
07:58
Pamela帕梅拉 Meyer邁耶: Okay, what were the telltale揭秘 signs跡象?
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Pamela Meyer:好,什麼是洩漏內情的訊號?
08:01
Well first we heard聽說 what's known已知 as a non-contracted非合約 denial否認.
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我們聽到所謂的非縮寫式的否認。
08:05
Studies學習 show顯示 that people who are overdetermined超定 in their denial否認
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研究顯示,人們過度堅決否認
08:08
will resort採取 to formal正式 rather than informal非正式的 language語言.
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會採取正式的語言而不是非正式的語言。
08:11
We also heard聽說 distancing疏離 language語言: "that woman女人."
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我們也聽到了疏離語言:『那女人』。
08:14
We know that liars騙子 will unconsciously不知不覺 distance距離 themselves他們自己
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我們知道說謊者會下意識地讓自己疏離
08:16
from their subject學科
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與自己相關的對象,
08:18
using運用 language語言 as their tool工具.
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以語言作為他們的工具。
08:21
Now if Bill法案 Clinton克林頓 had said, "Well, to tell you the truth真相 ... "
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若比爾‧柯林頓說了:「嗯,說真的......」
08:24
or Richard理查德 Nixon's尼克松 favorite喜愛, "In all candor直率 ... "
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或李察‧尼克森的最愛:「坦白說......」
08:26
he would have been a dead giveaway放棄
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他早會洩漏真相
08:28
for any liespotterliespotter than knows知道
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給任何辨識謊言者,其明白
08:30
that qualifying排位賽 language語言, as it's called, qualifying排位賽 language語言 like that,
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修飾語言,正如其名,像那類的修飾語言
08:33
further進一步 discredits抹黑 the subject學科.
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敗壞對象的聲譽。
08:35
Now if he had repeated重複 the question in its entirety整體,
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若言談中,他持續重覆問題
08:38
or if he had peppered接二連三 his account帳戶 with a little too much detail詳情 --
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或者若他的描述格外交代細節──
08:42
and we're all really glad高興 he didn't do that --
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我們十分欣然他沒那樣做──
08:44
he would have further進一步 discredited掃地 himself他自己.
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他就會進一步的自毁聲譽/自取其辱。
08:46
Freud弗洛伊德 had it right.
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佛洛伊德說的好。
08:48
Freud弗洛伊德 said, look, there's much more to it than speech言語:
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佛洛伊德說:「瞧,有更多言詞外的蛛絲馬跡:
08:51
"No mortal凡人 can keep a secret秘密.
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『凡人守不住袐密。
08:54
If his lips嘴唇 are silent無聲, he chatters聊友 with his fingertips指尖."
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若其雙唇緘默,他的手指喋喋不休。』」
08:57
And we all do it no matter how powerful強大 you are.
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無論你是何方神聖,你也會這麼做。
09:00
We all chatter喋喋不休 with our fingertips指尖.
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我們都以手指在交談
09:02
I'm going to show顯示 you Dominique多米尼克 Strauss-Kahn斯特勞斯 - 卡恩 with Obama奧巴馬
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我要讓你看看Dominique Strauss-Kahn(前IMF總裁)和歐巴馬
09:05
who's誰是 chattering抖動 with his fingertips指尖.
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歐巴馬的指尖正嘮叨不停。
09:08
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
09:11
Now this brings帶來 us to our next下一個 pattern模式,
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這正是我們接著要探討的模式,
09:14
which哪一個 is body身體 language語言.
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所謂『身體語言』。
09:17
With body身體 language語言, here's這裡的 what you've got to do.
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對於『身體語言』,你必須這麼做:
09:20
You've really got to just throw your assumptions假設 out the door.
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請先將你的預設想法放置一旁。
09:23
Let the science科學 temper脾氣 your knowledge知識 a little bit.
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讓科學稍稍更新你的知識。
09:25
Because we think liars騙子 fidget煩躁不安的人 all the time.
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因為我們認為說謊者往往焦躁不安
09:28
Well guess猜測 what, they're known已知 to freeze凍結 their upper bodies身體 when they're lying說謊.
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猜怎麼著! 據了解,當他們撒謊時,上半身是僵硬的。
09:31
We think liars騙子 won't慣於 look you in the eyes眼睛.
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我們認為說謊者不會看著你的雙眼。
09:34
Well guess猜測 what, they look you in the eyes眼睛 a little too much
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你們知道嗎?!他們過度直視你的雙眼
09:36
just to compensate補償 for that myth神話.
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只為讓謊言更具說服力。
09:38
We think warmth熱情 and smiles笑容
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我們認為熱情和微笑
09:40
convey傳達 honesty誠實, sincerity誠意.
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傳達誠實和真誠。
09:42
But a trained熟練 liespotterliespotter
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但一個受過訓的識謊者
09:44
can spot a fake smile微笑 a mile英里 away.
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大老遠能認出虛情假意的微笑。
09:46
Can you all spot the fake smile微笑 here?
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你們會辨識虛情假意的微笑嗎?
09:50
You can consciously自覺 contract合同
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你能有意識的牽動
09:52
the muscles肌肉 in your cheeks臉頰.
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你臉部雙頰的肌肉。
09:55
But the real真實 smile's微笑的 in the eyes眼睛, the crow's烏鴉的 feet of the eyes眼睛.
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但真正的笑肌在眼中,眼部的魚尾紋,
09:58
They cannot不能 be consciously自覺 contracted簽約,
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它們不會有意識地收縮,
10:00
especially特別 if you overdid太過火 the Botox肉毒桿菌.
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特別是你過分施打肉毒桿菌(Botox)。
10:02
Don't overdo過度 the Botox肉毒桿菌; nobody沒有人 will think you're honest誠實.
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別過分施打肉毒桿菌,沒有人會認為你是誠實的。
10:05
Now we're going to look at the hot spots斑點.
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現在我們來看看關鍵跡象(hot spots)。
10:07
Can you tell what's happening事件 in a conversation會話?
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你們能辨識出在對話中發生了什麼事嗎?
10:09
Can you start開始 to find the hot spots斑點
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你能開始發現關鍵跡象、
10:12
to see the discrepancies差異
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找出差異之處,
10:14
between之間 someone's誰家 words and someone's誰家 actions行動?
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從某人的言談或行動之中嗎?
10:16
Now I know it seems似乎 really obvious明顯,
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我知道這顯而易見,
10:18
but when you're having a conversation會話
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但當你與某個
10:20
with someone有人 you suspect疑似 of deception騙局,
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你懷疑其行騙的人交談,
10:23
attitude態度 is by far the most overlooked忽視 but telling告訴 of indicators指標.
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態度無疑是最常受忽視,但卻是顯著指標。
10:26
An honest誠實 person is going to be cooperative合作社.
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誠實的人會協同合作。
10:28
They're going to show顯示 they're on your side.
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他們會表明他們與你同在、
10:30
They're going to be enthusiastic熱情.
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他們古道熱腸、
10:32
They're going to be willing願意 and helpful有幫助 to getting得到 you to the truth真相.
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他們願意幫助你發現真象、
10:34
They're going to be willing願意 to brainstorm頭腦風暴, name名稱 suspects犯罪嫌疑人,
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他們願意提出妙計、指出嫌疑犯、
10:37
provide提供 details細節.
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提供細節。
10:39
They're going to say, "Hey,
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他們會說:「嘿!
10:41
maybe it was those guys in payroll工資表 that forged偽造的 those checks檢查."
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也許是那些在職人員偽造那些支票。」
10:44
They're going to be infuriated激怒 if they sense they're wrongly accused被告
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若他們感受到不實指控,他們將勃然大怒
10:47
throughout始終 the entire整個 course課程 of the interview訪問, not just in flashes閃爍;
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在整個面談的過程,不只是一怒作罷;
10:49
they'll他們會 be infuriated激怒 throughout始終 the entire整個 course課程 of the interview訪問.
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在整個面談的過程,他們會勃然大怒。
10:52
And if you ask someone有人 honest誠實
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若你問某個誠實的人
10:54
what should happen發生 to whomever任何人 did forge鍛造 those checks檢查,
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該拿那偽造支票的人怎辦,
10:57
an honest誠實 person is much more likely容易
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一個誠實的人更為可能
10:59
to recommend推薦 strict嚴格 rather than lenient寬容 punishment懲罰.
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提議嚴厲而非寬大的懲治。
11:03
Now let's say you're having that exact精確 same相同 conversation會話
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假如說你和某個欺騙者
11:05
with someone有人 deceptive騙人的.
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有同樣的對話。
11:07
That person may可能 be withdrawn取消,
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那人可能沈默寡言、
11:09
look down, lower降低 their voice語音,
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目光朝下、聲音壓低
11:11
pause暫停, be kind of herky-jerkyherky生澀.
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停頓、有點反覆無常。
11:13
Ask a deceptive騙人的 person to tell their story故事,
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請某個欺騙者陳述事情
11:15
they're going to pepper胡椒 it with way too much detail詳情
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他們會加入過多繁瑣的細節
11:18
in all kinds of irrelevant不相干 places地方.
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各式各樣且無關緊要。
11:21
And then they're going to tell their story故事 in strict嚴格 chronological實足 order訂購.
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而且他們的故事情節有嚴謹的發生時間先後。
11:24
And what a trained熟練 interrogator詢問 does
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一個受過訓練的訊問者的作法會是
11:26
is they come in and in very subtle微妙 ways方法
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他們神不知鬼不覺的進入
11:28
over the course課程 of several一些 hours小時,
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數個小時的面談過程,
11:30
they will ask that person to tell that story故事 backwards向後,
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他們會要求那人將故事倒著說
11:33
and then they'll他們會 watch them squirm蠕動,
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接著他們盯著那些人,令其侷促不安,
11:35
and track跟踪 which哪一個 questions問題 produce生產 the highest最高 volume of deceptive騙人的 tells告訴.
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追問那些聽來欺騙意味濃厚的疑點。
11:38
Why do they do that? Well we all do the same相同 thing.
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為何他們如此做?我們都做相同的事。
11:41
We rehearse排練 our words,
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我們排練要說的話,
11:43
but we rarely很少 rehearse排練 our gestures手勢.
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但我們鮮少排演我們的姿態。
11:45
We say "yes," we shake our heads "no."
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我們說『是』;我們搖頭說『不』。
11:47
We tell very convincing使人信服 stories故事, we slightly shrug our shoulders肩膀.
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我們說非常有說服力的故事;我們微微聳肩。
11:50
We commit承諾 terrible可怕 crimes犯罪,
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我們犯下可怕的罪行;
11:52
and we smile微笑 at the delight in getting得到 away with it.
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我們卻微笑著,一派輕鬆地脫身。
11:55
Now that smile微笑 is known已知 in the trade貿易 as "duping重覆資料刪除 delight."
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在這行,『微笑』之盛名為『欺騙之快感』
11:58
And we're going to see that in several一些 videos視頻 moving移動 forward前鋒,
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我們會在接著的數支影片看到它。
12:01
but we're going to start開始 -- for those of you who don't know him,
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但我們會開始......,由於你們中有人不認識他,
12:03
this is presidential總統 candidate候選人 John約翰 Edwards愛德華茲
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這是總統候選人約翰‧愛得華(John Edwards),
12:06
who shocked吃驚 America美國 by fathering做父親 a child兒童 out of wedlock交杯酒.
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他未婚有一子震驚全美。
12:09
We're going to see him talk about getting得到 a paternity親子鑑定 test測試.
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我們來看看他談親子鑑定。
12:12
See now if you can spot him
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看是否你們能發現
12:14
saying, "yes" while shaking發抖 his head "no,"
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他說『是』卻又搖頭『不』;
12:16
slightly shrugging聳肩 his shoulders肩膀.
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稍微聳動其肩膀。
12:18
(Video視頻) John約翰 Edwards愛德華茲: I'd be happy快樂 to participate參加 in one.
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(影視)約翰‧愛得華:「我會樂意參與測試。
12:20
I know that it's not possible可能 that this child兒童 could be mine,
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我知道這孩子不可能會是我的,
12:23
because of the timing定時 of events事件.
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因為這事件發生的時機。
12:25
So I know it's not possible可能.
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我知道不可能。
12:27
Happy快樂 to take a paternity親子鑑定 test測試,
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樂意接受親子鑑定。
12:29
and would love to see it happen發生.
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樂見其成。」
12:31
Interviewer面試官: Are you going to do that soon不久? Is there somebody --
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訪問者:「你會快快接受測試吧?有某人......」
12:34
JEJE: Well, I'm only one side. I'm only one side of the test測試.
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約翰‧愛得華:「嗯,我是唯一的一方。我是測試的唯一一方。
12:37
But I'm happy快樂 to participate參加 in one.
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但我高興參與測試。」
12:40
PM下午: Okay, those head shakes奶昔 are much easier更輕鬆 to spot
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潘蜜拉:好,這些搖動是極其容易辨識
12:42
once一旦 you know to look for them.
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一旦你明白要找出它們的話。
12:44
There're有很 going to be times
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有好多次,好多時候
12:46
when someone有人 makes品牌 one expression表達
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當某個人做一個表情時
12:48
while masking掩蔽 another另一個 that just kind of leaks洩漏 through通過 in a flash.
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同時掩飾另一個表情,只是在瞬間有一絲藏不住。
12:52
Murderers殺人犯 are known已知 to leak洩漏 sadness.
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殺人犯為人所知會流露出悲傷。
12:54
Your new joint聯合 venture冒險 partner夥伴 might威力 shake your hand,
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你新合夥事業夥伴也許和你握手、
12:56
celebrate慶祝, go out to dinner晚餐 with you
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慶祝、在外共進晚餐,
12:58
and then leak洩漏 an expression表達 of anger憤怒.
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然後流露出生氣的表情。
13:01
And we're not all going to become成為 facial面部 expression表達 experts專家 overnight過夜 here,
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我們不會一夜成為面部表情專家,
13:04
but there's one I can teach you that's very dangerous危險, and it's easy簡單 to learn學習,
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但我可以教你們一招險招且易學,
13:07
and that's the expression表達 of contempt鄙視.
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那就輕視的表情。
13:10
Now with anger憤怒, you've got two people on an even playing播放 field領域.
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有兩個人在一場勢均力敵的競賽,火藥味十足。
13:13
It's still somewhat有些 of a healthy健康 relationship關係.
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這種競爭仍然是種健康的關係。
13:15
But when anger憤怒 turns to contempt鄙視,
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但當生氣轉為蔑視,
13:17
you've been dismissed駁回.
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一方就已被迫退場。
13:19
It's associated相關 with moral道德 superiority優勢.
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這與道德優越感有關。
13:21
And for that reason原因, it's very, very hard to recover恢復 from.
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正因如此,很難再恢復。
13:24
Here's這裡的 what it looks容貌 like.
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它看起來像這樣。
13:26
It's marked by one lip corner
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它的特點是一邊唇角
13:28
pulled up and in.
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上揚內縮。
13:30
It's the only asymmetrical不對稱 expression表達.
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是唯一不對稱的表情。
13:33
And in the presence存在 of contempt鄙視,
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這存有輕蔑的意味,
13:35
whether是否 or not deception騙局 follows如下 --
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是不是有欺騙行為在後──
13:37
and it doesn't always follow跟隨 --
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並不一定會如此──
13:39
look the other way, go the other direction方向,
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看著其他的地方,走另一個方向,
13:41
reconsider重新考慮 the deal合同,
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重新思考提議,
13:43
say, "No thank you. I'm not coming未來 up for just one more nightcap睡前. Thank you."
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說:「不,謝了。我不勝酒力,睡意來囉。謝謝你!」
13:47
Science科學 has surfaced浮出水面
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科學已揭開
13:49
many許多, many許多 more indicators指標.
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許許多多又更多的指標。
13:51
We know, for example,
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我們知道,舉例來說,
13:53
we know liars騙子 will shift轉移 their blink rate,
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我們知道說謊者會改變眨眼的速度,
13:55
point their feet towards an exit出口.
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雙腳朝著出口,隨時作好逃生準備。
13:57
They will take barrier屏障 objects對象
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他們會拿障礙物、
13:59
and put them between之間 themselves他們自己 and the person that is interviewing面試 them.
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把障礙擺放在他們自己和面談的人之間。
14:02
They'll他們會 alter改變 their vocal聲音的 tone,
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他們會改變聲調,
14:04
often經常 making製造 their vocal聲音的 tone much lower降低.
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往往是壓低聲調。
14:07
Now here's這裡的 the deal合同.
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而這是對策。
14:09
These behaviors行為 are just behaviors行為.
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這些舉止態度只是舉止態度,
14:12
They're not proof證明 of deception騙局.
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這些不是欺騙的證明。
14:14
They're red flags.
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這些是警示紅旗。
14:16
We're human人的 beings眾生.
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我們是人類。
14:18
We make deceptive騙人的 flailing揮舞 gestures手勢 all over the place地點 all day long.
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我們到處製造假象,成天裝腔作勢。
14:21
They don't mean anything in and of themselves他們自己.
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它們本身不具任何意思或意味著什麼。
14:23
But when you see clusters集群 of them, that's your signal信號.
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但若把看這些行為串起來看,就成了個人發出的訊息。
14:26
Look, listen, probe探測, ask some hard questions問題,
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注視、耹聽、刺探、問些犀厲的問題,
14:29
get out of that very comfortable自在 mode模式 of knowing會心,
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拋開舒適自在的交談模式,
14:32
walk步行 into curiosity好奇心 mode模式, ask more questions問題,
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改以好奇的交談模式,問更多的問題,
14:35
have a little dignity尊嚴, treat對待 the person you're talking to with rapport關係.
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態度莊重,以親和力對待和你談話的人。
14:38
Don't try to be like those folks鄉親 on "Law & Order訂購" and those other TV電視 shows節目
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不要嘗試像影集《法網遊龍》(Law & Order)或其他電視劇裡的家屬那樣
14:41
that pummel their subjects主題 into submission服從.
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使談話的對象屈打成招。
14:43
Don't be too aggressive侵略性, it doesn't work.
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不要太挑釁,這樣沒效。
14:46
Now we've我們已經 talked a little bit
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我們已談了一些
14:48
about how to talk to someone有人 who's誰是 lying說謊
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關於如何與謊言假面交談
14:50
and how to spot a lie謊言.
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識破謊言。
14:52
And as I promised許諾, we're now going to look at what the truth真相 looks容貌 like.
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如我開頭說的,我們要來看看真實的樣貌為何。
14:55
But I'm going to show顯示 you two videos視頻,
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我打算讓你們看兩支錄影
14:57
two mothers母親 -- one is lying說謊, one is telling告訴 the truth真相.
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兩個母親──一個在說謊,一個說真話。
15:00
And these were surfaced浮出水面
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這些是由加洲研究者
15:02
by researcher研究員 David大衛 Matsumoto松本 in California加州.
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David Matsumoto 所公開的。
15:04
And I think they're an excellent優秀 example
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我認為它們是很棒的例子
15:06
of what the truth真相 looks容貌 like.
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呈現事實的樣貌。
15:08
This mother母親, Diane黛安 Downs唐斯,
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這位媽媽Diane Downs
15:10
shot射擊 her kids孩子 at close range範圍,
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近距離射擊她的小孩,
15:12
drove開車 them to the hospital醫院
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開車送他們去醫院的同時
15:14
while they bled流血 all over the car汽車,
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他們血流遍染車子,
15:16
claimed聲稱 a scraggy-haired凹凸不平的頭髮 stranger陌生人 did it.
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聲稱一個頭髮散亂的陌生人幹的。
15:18
And you'll你會 see when you see the video視頻,
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你們在片中會看到
15:20
she can't even pretend假裝 to be an agonizing折騰 mother母親.
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她甚至無法假裝出悲痛萬分的為人母的樣子。
15:22
What you want to look for here
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在這兒你要找出的是
15:24
is an incredible難以置信 discrepancy差異
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一個極端的矛盾之處──
15:26
between之間 horrific可怕的 events事件 that she describes介紹
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她描述的恐怖駭人的事故
15:28
and her very, very cool demeanor風度.
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和她極其冷酷的外表之不恰當。
15:30
And if you look closely密切, you'll你會 see duping重覆資料刪除 delight throughout始終 this video視頻.
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若你仔細瞧,你會看到『欺騙之快感』慣穿整個錄影。
15:33
(Video視頻) Diane黛安 Downs唐斯: At night when I close my eyes眼睛,
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(影視)Diane Downs:「夜裡我闔眼
15:35
I can see Christie克里斯蒂 reaching到達 her hand out to me while I'm driving主動,
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我依晰可見克利斯汀向我伸出她的手,在我開車時
15:38
and the blood血液 just kept不停 coming未來 out of her mouth.
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而且血不斷的從她的嘴流出。
15:41
And that -- maybe it'll它會 fade褪色 too with time --
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而一切──也許將隨時間而淡化──
15:43
but I don't think so.
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但我可不這麼認為。
15:45
That bothers什麼麻煩事 me the most.
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那令我十分困擾。」
15:55
PM下午: Now I'm going to show顯示 you a video視頻
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潘蜜拉:我要讓你們看另一支影片
15:57
of an actual實際 grieving悲傷 mother母親, Erin艾琳 RunnionRunnion,
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內容是一位傷心欲絶的母親Erin Runnion
15:59
confronting面對 her daughter's女兒的 murderer兇手 and torturer施刑 in court法庭.
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在法庭上面對她女兒的謀殺和折磨。
16:03
Here you're going to see no false emotion情感,
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在這兒你會看到絲毫不虛假的情緒
16:05
just the authentic真實 expression表達 of a mother's母親 agony痛苦.
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正是一位母親痛苦的真實表白。
16:08
(Video視頻) Erin艾琳 RunnionRunnion: I wrote this statement聲明 on the third第三 anniversary週年
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(影視)Erin Runnion :「在那夜的第三週年,我寫下這篇陳述
16:10
of the night you took my baby寶寶,
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那夜你奪走我的寶貝;
16:12
and you hurt傷害 her,
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你傷害她;
16:14
and you crushed her,
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你毀滅她;
16:16
you terrified her until直到 her heart stopped停止.
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你讓她害怕的要命直到她心臟停止。
16:20
And she fought戰鬥, and I know she fought戰鬥 you.
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而她反抗,我知道她努力與你拼搏。
16:23
But I know she looked看著 at you
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然而我知道她盯著你
16:25
with those amazing驚人 brown棕色 eyes眼睛,
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以那雙驚愕的/漂亮的棕色眼睛盯著你,
16:27
and you still wanted to kill her.
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而你仍下毒手。
16:30
And I don't understand理解 it,
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我不理解,
16:32
and I never will.
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我將永不。」
16:35
PM下午: Okay, there's no doubting the veracity準確性 of those emotions情緒.
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潘蜜拉:這些情緒的真實無庸致疑。
16:39
Now the technology技術 around what the truth真相 looks容貌 like
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以實相為中心的科技
16:42
is progressing進展 on, the science科學 of it.
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日新月異──真相的科學。
16:45
We know for example
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打個比方,我們知道
16:47
that we now have specialized專門 eye trackers跟踪器 and infrared紅外線 brain scans掃描,
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我們現在有了專業的眼球追蹤器和紅外線腦部掃瞄,
16:50
MRI'sMRI的 that can decode解碼 the signals信號 that our bodies身體 send發送 out
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核磁共振造影,來解碼我們身體釋放的訊號,
16:53
when we're trying to be deceptive騙人的.
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當我們企圖欺騙時。
16:55
And these technologies技術 are going to be marketed銷售 to all of us
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這些科技即將上市,
16:58
as panaceas靈丹妙藥 for deceit謊言,
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為解欺騙的萬靈丹,
17:00
and they will prove證明 incredibly令人難以置信 useful有用 some day.
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終有一日它們會證明是出奇的有用。
17:03
But you've got to ask yourself你自己 in the meantime與此同時:
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但同時你必須自問:
17:05
Who do you want on your side of the meeting會議,
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你要誰在會面時,在你這一方
17:07
someone有人 who's誰是 trained熟練 in getting得到 to the truth真相
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是受訓以獲得實相的某個人
17:10
or some guy who's誰是 going to drag拖動 a 400-pound-磅 electroencephalogram腦電圖
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或打算拖著400磅的電腦圖儀入門
17:12
through通過 the door?
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的某人呢?
17:14
LiespottersLiespotters rely依靠 on human人的 tools工具.
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謊言辨識者依據『人性工具』作判斷。
17:18
They know, as someone有人 once一旦 said,
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他們知道,如某人曾說過,
17:20
"Character's角色 who you are in the dark黑暗."
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「人格是在黑暗中的你。」
17:22
And what's kind of interesting有趣
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有點有趣的事是
17:24
is that today今天 we have so little darkness黑暗.
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今日我們有微乎其微的黑暗。
17:26
Our world世界 is lit發光的 up 24 hours小時 a day.
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我們的世界一天24小時亮著,
17:29
It's transparent透明
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它是透明的,
17:31
with blogs博客 and social社會 networks網絡
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因部落格和社群網絡
17:33
broadcasting廣播 the buzz蜂鳴器 of a whole整個 new generation of people
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傳播全新世代的人們的議論
17:35
that have made製作 a choice選擇 to live生活 their lives生活 in public上市.
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他們已選擇公開他們的生活來過日子,
17:38
It's a much more noisy嘈雜 world世界.
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那是一個更為紛擾的世界。
17:42
So one challenge挑戰 we have
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我們有一項挑戰,
17:44
is to remember記得,
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是牢記
17:46
oversharing過分分享, that's not honesty誠實.
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過度分享,不是誠實。
17:49
Our manic躁狂 tweeting啁啾 and texting發短信
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狂熱的『特推』和發送短訊
17:51
can blind us to the fact事實
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會蒙蔽我們看清事實
17:53
that the subtleties細微之處 of human人的 decency風化 -- character字符 integrity廉正 --
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人類道德禮儀的精妙之處──人格正直──
17:56
that's still what matters事項, that's always what's going to matter.
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依舊是重要;永遠是受重視的。
17:59
So in this much noisier喧鬧 world世界,
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所以在這個更為嘈雜的世界
18:01
it might威力 make sense for us
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對我們而言,
18:03
to be just a little bit more explicit明確的
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多一點更明確表明
18:05
about our moral道德 code.
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我們的道德規範是合理的。
18:08
When you combine結合 the science科學 of recognizing認識 deception騙局
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當你結合辨識詐欺的科學
18:10
with the art藝術 of looking, listening,
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和望聞的藝術,
18:12
you exempt豁免 yourself你自己 from collaborating合作 in a lie謊言.
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你免除了自己成為謊言共犯。
18:15
You start開始 up that path路徑
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你開始踏上了這條
18:17
of being存在 just a little bit more explicit明確的,
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只要更為直截了當、明確清楚的路徑,
18:19
because you signal信號 to everyone大家 around you,
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因為你對週圍的人發出訊號,
18:21
you say, "Hey, my world世界, our world世界,
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你們說:「嘿!我的世界、我們的世界
18:24
it's going to be an honest誠實 one.
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將會是一個真誠的世界。
18:26
My world世界 is going to be one where truth真相 is strengthened加強
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我的世界會是一個真相威力無敵,
18:28
and falsehood謬誤 is recognized認可 and marginalized邊緣化."
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而謊言無所遁形,天地不容。」
18:31
And when you do that,
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當你這樣做,
18:33
the ground地面 around you starts啟動 to shift轉移 just a little bit.
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你周遭開始會稍稍改變立場。
18:36
And that's the truth真相. Thank you.
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而這是事實,謝謝你們。
18:39
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Resa CC
Reviewed by Ana Choi

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Pamela Meyer - Lie detector
Pamela Meyer thinks we’re facing a pandemic of deception, but she’s arming people with tools that can help take back the truth.

Why you should listen
Social media expert Pamela Meyer can tell when you’re lying. If it’s not your words that give you away, it’s your posture, eyes, breathing rate, fidgets, and a host of other indicators. Worse, we are all lied to up to 200 times a day, she says, from the white lies that allow society to function smoothly to the devastating duplicities that bring down corporations and break up families.

Working with a team of researchers over several years, Meyer, who is CEO of social networking company Simpatico Networks, collected and reviewed most of the research on deception that has been published, from such fields as law-enforcement, military, psychology and espionage. She then became an expert herself, receiving advanced training in deception detection, including multiple courses of advanced training in interrogation, microexpression analysis, statement analysis, behavior and body language interpretation, and emotion recognition. Her research is synthetized in her bestselling book Liespotting.
More profile about the speaker
Pamela Meyer | Speaker | TED.com