ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Justin Hall-Tipping - Science entrepreneur
Justin Hall-Tipping works on nano-energy startups -- mastering the electron to create power.

Why you should listen

Some of our most serious planetary worries revolve around energy and power -- controlling it, paying for it, and the consequences of burning it. Justin Hall-Tipping had an epiphany about energy after seeing footage of a chunk of ice the size of his home state (Connecticut) falling off Antarctica into the ocean, and decided to focus on science to find new forms of energy. A longtime investor, he formed Nanoholdings  to work closely with universities and labs who are studying new forms of nano-scale energy in the four sectors of the energy economy: generation, transmission, storage and conservation.

Nanotech as a field is still very young (the National Science Foundation says it's "at a level of development similar to that of computer technology in the 1950s") and nano-energy in particular holds tremendous promise.

He says: "For the first time in human history, we actually have the ability to pick up an atom and place it the way we want. Some very powerful things can happen when you can do that."

More profile about the speaker
Justin Hall-Tipping | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Justin Hall-Tipping: Freeing energy from the grid

賈斯汀•霍爾題賓:從框架中解放電力

Filmed:
1,182,680 views

如果能用玻璃窗發電會是怎麼樣的情況?企業家賈斯汀.霍爾堤賓在他精彩的演說中介紹了具有這種能讓這種想法成真的材料,以及我們如何不斷探求,讓“正常”的概念轉變成非凡的突破。
- Science entrepreneur
Justin Hall-Tipping works on nano-energy startups -- mastering the electron to create power. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
Why can't we solve解決 these problems問題?
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為何我們無法解決這些問題?
00:21
We know what they are.
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我們知道問題在那
00:24
Something always seems似乎 to stop us.
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但會有困難阻撓著我們
00:28
Why?
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為什麼?
00:31
I remember記得 March遊行 the 15th, 2000.
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我記得2000年的三月十五日
00:35
The B15 iceberg冰山 broke打破 off the Ross羅斯 Ice Shelf.
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B15冰山從羅斯冰架斷落
00:39
In the newspaper報紙 it said
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報紙中這樣寫著
00:42
"it was all part部分 of a normal正常 process處理."
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這是正常過程的一部份
00:45
A little bit further進一步 on in the article文章
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文章接著提到
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it said "a loss失利 that would normally一般 take
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這樣的冰正常需要
00:51
the ice shelf 50-100 years年份 to replace更換."
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50到100年來復原
00:58
That same相同 word, "normal正常,"
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正常
01:01
had two different不同,
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有兩個不同
01:03
almost幾乎 opposite對面 meanings含義.
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幾乎相反的意思
01:06
If we walk步行 into the B15 iceberg冰山
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如果我們走入B15冰山
01:09
when we leave離開 here today今天,
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我是說在今日會後的時候
01:12
we're going to bump磕碰 into something
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我們會見到
01:15
a thousand feet tall,
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一千英呎高
01:17
76 miles英里 long,
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76英里長
01:21
17 miles英里 wide,
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17英哩寬
01:24
and it's going to weigh稱重 two gigatons億噸.
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且重達兩億頓的冰
01:27
I'm sorry, there's nothing normal正常 about this.
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這一點都不正常
01:30
And yet然而 I think it's this perspective透視 of us
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而我們人類就是用這樣的觀點
01:33
as humans人類 to look at our world世界
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在看我們的世界
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through通過 the lens鏡片 of normal正常
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把所有事物看作正常
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is one of the forces軍隊
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就是這股力量
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that stops停止 us developing發展 real真實 solutions解決方案.
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阻止了我們來找出真正的解決方案
01:46
Only 90 days after this,
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冰山斷落3個月後
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arguably按理說 the greatest最大 discovery發現
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可能是本世紀
01:51
of the last century世紀 occurred發生.
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最偉大的發現出現了
01:53
It was the sequencing測序 for the first time
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人們第一次排序出
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of the human人的 genome基因組.
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人的基因
01:58
This is the code that's in every一切 single one
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這是我們體內50兆細胞中的
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of our 50 trillion cells細胞
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密碼
02:04
that makes品牌 us who we are and what we are.
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這個密碼決定了人的一切
02:08
And if we just take one cell's細胞 worth價值
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如果我們了解了一個細胞
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of this code and unwind放鬆 it,
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攤開其中的密碼
02:15
it's a meter儀表 long,
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它長約一公尺
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two nanometers納米 thick.
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兩奈米寬
02:21
Two nanometers納米 is 20 atoms原子 in thickness厚度.
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兩奈米是20個原子的厚度
02:25
And I wondered想知道,
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我就在想
02:27
what if the answer回答 to some of our biggest最大 problems問題
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如果大問題的解答
02:30
could be found發現 in the smallest最少 of places地方,
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可以在最小的地方找到
02:33
where the difference區別 between之間 what is
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且小到由幾個原子就能決定
02:35
valuable有價值 and what is worthless無用
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一件事的價值
02:37
is merely僅僅 the addition加成 or subtraction減法
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那會是怎樣的
02:39
of a few少數 atoms原子?
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一個情況呢?
02:41
And what
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要是
02:43
if we could get exquisite精美 control控制
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我們能夠精確得控制
02:46
over the essence本質 of energy能源,
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能量的精髓
02:48
the electron電子?
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電子呢?
02:51
So I started開始 to go around the world世界
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於是我走遍世界各地的大學
02:53
finding發現 the best最好 and brightest scientists科學家們
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尋找最優秀的科學家
02:55
I could at universities高校
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希望他們的合作
02:57
whose誰的 collective集體 discoveries發現 have the chance機會
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希望他們共同的研究可以
02:59
to take us there,
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幫助我們達成
03:01
and we formed形成 a company公司 to build建立
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我們成立了一家公司
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on their extraordinary非凡 ideas思路.
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來將他們的想法付諸行動
03:05
Six and a half years年份 later後來,
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六年半後
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a hundred and eighty八十 researchers研究人員,
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一共180位研究人員
03:09
they have some amazing驚人 developments發展
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在實驗室中有了
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in the lab實驗室,
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驚人的發展
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and I will show顯示 you three of those today今天,
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我今天會給各位看其中三個
03:15
such這樣 that we can stop burning燃燒 up our planet行星
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如此我們就能停止燃燒地球
03:18
and instead代替,
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而且
03:20
we can generate生成 all the energy能源 we need
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我們能產生所需的所有電力
03:23
right where we are,
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不論你在那裡
03:25
cleanly乾淨, safely安然, and cheaply廉價地.
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乾淨、安全、廉價
03:28
Think of the space空間 that we spend
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想一想我們大部份時間身處
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most of our time.
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的空間
03:32
A tremendous巨大 amount of energy能源
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有大量的能源從太陽
03:34
is coming未來 at us from the sun太陽.
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正射向我們
03:36
We like the light that comes into the room房間,
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我們喜歡屋裡有光線
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but in the middle中間 of summer夏季,
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但是在夏天最炎熱時
03:40
all that heat is coming未來 into the room房間
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當這些熱氣一直進到屋裡時
03:42
that we're trying to keep cool.
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我們卻想保持屋內涼爽
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In winter冬季, exactly究竟 the opposite對面 is happening事件.
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冬天時則完全相反
03:46
We're trying to heat up
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我們會想讓我們身處的
03:47
the space空間 that we're in,
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空間抱持溫暖
03:49
and all that is trying to get out through通過 the window窗口.
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而這些暖氣卻又從窗子溜走
03:51
Wouldn't豈不 it be really great
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如果我們能
03:55
if the window窗口 could flick拂去 back the heat
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需要熱氣時
03:57
into the room房間 if we needed需要 it
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將它留在屋內或在它進來前
03:59
or flick拂去 it away before it came來了 in?
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折射回去,這會有多好?
04:01
One of the materials物料 that can do this
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有一個材料就可以做得到
04:03
is a remarkable卓越 material材料, carbon,
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這個了不起的材料就是碳
04:08
that has changed its form形成 in this incredibly令人難以置信 beautiful美麗 reaction反應
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碳經過一個美妙的反應後改變了它的樣貌
04:11
where graphite石墨 is blasted炮轟 by a vapor,
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它被蒸氣衝擊而汽化
04:16
and when the vaporized蒸發 carbon condenses冷凝,
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然後當它冷凝後
04:20
it condenses冷凝 back into a different不同 form形成:
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它凝結成不一樣的外貌,看起來像
04:23
chickenwirechickenwire rolled熱軋 up.
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圈起來的鐵絲網
04:26
But this chickenwirechickenwire carbon,
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但這個網狀的鐵絲網
04:28
called a carbon nanotube納米管,
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叫做奈米碳管
04:30
is a hundred thousand times smaller
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它比你的毛髮
04:32
than the width寬度 of one of your hairs.
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還細上10萬倍
04:35
It's a thousand times
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而導電性又比銅
04:37
more conductive導電 than copper.
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高上一千倍
04:40
How is that possible可能?
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怎麼可能有這樣的東西?
04:45
One of the things about working加工 at the nanoscale納米級
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東西在奈米大小時
04:49
is things look and act法案 very differently不同.
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功能與外觀都非常不一樣
04:52
You think of carbon as black黑色.
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你認為碳是黑的
04:58
Carbon at the nanoscale納米級
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但是奈米碳
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is actually其實 transparent透明
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其實是透明的
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and flexible靈活.
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且具彈性的
05:09
And when it's in this form形成,
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當碳在這個狀態時
05:11
if I combine結合 it with a polymer聚合物
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將它與聚合物結合
05:14
and affix詞綴 it to your window窗口
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黏到你的窗上時
05:17
when it's in its colored有色 state,
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在有色的狀態下
05:20
it will reflect反映 away all heat and light,
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它會將光熱隔絕在外
05:23
and when it's in its bleached漂白 state
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而在無色的狀態下
05:25
it will let all the light and heat through通過
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光與熱卻能穿透它
05:28
and any combination組合 in between之間.
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及中間的任何物質
05:31
To change更改 its state, by the way,
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順道一提,只需要
05:34
takes two volts from a millisecond毫秒 pulse脈衝.
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從1毫秒脈衝中提取2伏特電力即可改變它的狀態。
05:37
And once一旦 you've changed its state, it stays入住 there
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而一旦你改變了它的狀態,它就會維持在那個狀態
05:40
until直到 you change更改 its state again.
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一直到你再改變它為止
05:43
As we were working加工 on this incredible難以置信
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當我們在佛羅里達大學進行這項
05:45
discovery發現 at University大學 of Florida佛羅里達,
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不可思議的研究時
05:47
we were told to go down the corridor走廊
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有人叫我們到同樣在那裡做研究的
05:50
to visit訪問 another另一個 scientist科學家,
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另外一名科學家
05:52
and he was working加工
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他在研究的是
05:54
on a pretty漂亮 incredible難以置信 thing.
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相當了不起的東西
05:56
Imagine想像
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相像一下
05:58
if we didn't have to rely依靠
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如果我們在夜晚時
06:00
on artificial人造 lighting燈光 to get around at night.
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不再須要仰賴人工照明了
06:06
We'd星期三 have to see at night, right?
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但是我們又要能看得見,對吧?
06:12
This lets讓我們 you do it.
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用這個就做得到
06:14
It's a nanomaterial納米材料, two nanomaterials納米材料,
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這是兩種奈米材料組成的
06:17
a detector探測器 and an imager成像儀.
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偵測器及顯像器
06:20
The total width寬度 of it
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它們的總寬度比
06:22
is 600 times smaller
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小數點還小上
06:24
than the width寬度 of a decimal十進制 place地點.
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600倍
06:27
And it takes all the infrared紅外線 available可得到 at night,
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它會將夜間的紅外線
06:31
converts轉換 it into an electron電子
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在這兩片薄膜間
06:34
in the space空間 of two small films影片,
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轉變成電子
06:37
and is enabling啟用 you to play an image圖片
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它不只能播放影像
06:40
which哪一個 you can see through通過.
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它還是透明的
06:47
I'm going to show顯示 to TEDstersTEDsters,
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我現在要展示給在TED的各位
06:50
the first time, this operating操作.
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這是它第一次運作
06:52
Firstly首先 I'm going to show顯示 you
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首先你們看到的是
06:54
the transparency透明度.
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透明薄膜
06:57
Transparency透明度 is key.
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這透明性是關鍵
07:01
It's a film電影 that you can look through通過.
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你能完全看透它
07:04
And then I'm going to turn the lights燈火 out.
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然後我要把燈關掉
07:07
And you can see, off a tiny film電影,
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你透過這個薄膜
07:10
incredible難以置信 clarity明晰.
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看的非常清楚
07:14
As we were working加工 on this, it dawned破曉 on us:
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而在研究它時,我們突然想到
07:18
this is taking服用 infrared紅外線 radiation輻射, wavelengths波長,
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它會將紅外線及波長
07:22
and converting轉換 it into electrons電子.
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轉換成電子
07:25
What if we combined結合 it
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要是我們將它與這個
07:31
with this?
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結合呢?
07:34
Suddenly突然 you've converted轉換 energy能源
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如此你就能將能源
07:37
into an electron電子 on a plastic塑料 surface表面
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在你黏於窗上的塑料上
07:41
that you can stick on your window窗口.
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轉換成電子
07:44
But because it's flexible靈活,
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但是因為它是有彈性的
07:46
it can be on any surface表面 whatsoever任何.
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它可以附著於任何表面
07:50
The power功率 plant of tomorrow明天
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未來的發電廠
07:53
is no power功率 plant.
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不在是ㄧ座座的工廠
08:00
We talked about generating發電 and using運用.
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我們已經聊了發電跟應用
08:03
We want to talk about storing存儲 energy能源,
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我們現在要聊如何蓄電
08:05
and unfortunately不幸
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很不幸的是
08:07
the best最好 thing we've我們已經 got going
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我們手上最好的蓄電器材
08:09
is something that was developed發達 in France法國
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是法國在ㄧ百五十年前
08:11
a hundred and fifty五十 years年份 ago,
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所發展出來的
08:13
the lead acid battery電池.
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鉛蓄電池
08:15
In terms條款 of dollars美元 per what's stored存儲,
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從成本來考量的話
08:17
it's simply只是 the best最好.
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這是最好的選擇
08:19
Knowing會心 that we're not going to put fifty五十 of
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雖然這樣,但我們不想要放五十個鉛蓄電池
08:21
these in our basements地下室 to store商店 our power功率,
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在我們的地下室來存儲電力
08:23
we went to a group at University大學 of Texas德州 at Dallas達拉斯,
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我們在德州大學找到ㄧ個研究小組
08:25
and we gave them this diagram.
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然後我們給他們看了這張設計圖
08:27
It was in actually其實 a diner餐車
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當時我們其實是在
08:29
outside of Dallas達拉斯/Fort Worth價值 Airport飛機場.
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達拉斯的沃斯堡機場外的ㄧ個小餐廳
08:31
We said, "Could you build建立 this?"
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我們問:「你們能建造這個東西嗎?」
08:33
And these scientists科學家們,
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而這些科學家
08:35
instead代替 of laughing at us, said, "Yeah."
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非但沒嘲笑我們的想法,反而回答:「可以」
08:37
And what they built內置 was eBoxeBox的.
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他們作出來的東西叫做電子盒
08:40
EBoxEBOX is testing測試 new nanomaterials納米材料
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目前正在測試新的奈米材料
08:42
to park公園 an electron電子 on the outside,
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用以存儲戶外的電子
08:45
hold保持 it until直到 you need it,
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直到我們要用的時候
08:48
and then be able能夠 to release發布 it and pass通過 it off.
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再把電子釋放出來
08:51
Being存在 able能夠 to do that means手段
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擁有這樣的能力代表
08:55
that I can generate生成 energy能源
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我能在任何地方
08:58
cleanly乾淨, efficiently有效率的 and cheaply廉價地
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乾淨的、有效的、便宜的
09:01
right where I am.
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發電
09:03
It's my energy能源.
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這是我的能源
09:06
And if I don't need it, I can convert兌換 it
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如果我不需要它,我可以將它
09:08
back up on the window窗口
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放回窗上,並轉變成
09:10
to energy能源, light, and beam光束 it,
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電與光,甚至傳送它
09:12
line of site現場, to your place地點.
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到你所見之處、到你的地方
09:15
And for that I do not need
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傳送電力時我們之間
09:18
an electric電動 grid between之間 us.
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是不需要有電纜的
09:21
The grid of tomorrow明天 is no grid,
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以後就不會有電纜了
09:25
and energy能源, clean清潔 efficient高效 energy能源,
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而乾淨又有效能的能源
09:29
will one day be free自由.
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電將會是免費的
09:36
If you do this, you get the last puzzle難題 piece,
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如果你做到了,那我們就只剩一個問題
09:40
which哪一個 is water.
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09:46
Each of us, every一切 day,
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我們每天
09:51
need just eight glasses眼鏡 of this,
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需要8杯的水
09:56
because we're human人的.
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因為我們是人類
09:59
When we run out of water,
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當我們沒有水的時候
10:01
as we are in some parts部分 of the world世界
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世界上有些地方是沒有水的
10:03
and soon不久 to be in other parts部分 of the world世界,
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而世界上其它地方也將面臨這樣的問題
10:05
we're going to have to get this from the sea,
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我們將必須從海中取水
10:08
and that's going to require要求 us to build建立 desalination海水淡化 plants植物.
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屆時,我們將必須建造海水淡化廠
10:11
19 trillion dollars美元 is what we're going to have to spend.
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到時我們需要花費19兆美元
10:14
These also require要求 tremendous巨大 amounts of energy能源.
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這些淡化廠也需要用到非常大量的能源
10:16
In fact事實, it's going to require要求 twice兩次 the world's世界
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事實上,我門需要目前石油蘊藏量的兩倍
10:18
supply供應 of oil to run the pumps
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才能讓這些幫浦運轉
10:20
to generate生成 the water.
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來淨化水
10:23
We're simply只是 not going to do that.
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而我們不需要這麼做
10:25
But in a world世界 where energy能源 is freed釋放
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當世界上的能源是免費的
10:27
and transmittable傳遞
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且能便宜又簡單的
10:29
easily容易 and cheaply廉價地, we can take any water
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傳送時,我們在任何地方都能
10:31
wherever哪裡 we are
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將水
10:33
and turn it into whatever隨你 we need.
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轉變成我們所需的任何東西
10:37
I'm glad高興 to be working加工 with
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我很高興能夠與
10:39
incredibly令人難以置信 brilliant輝煌 and kind scientists科學家們,
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這些聰明又親切的科學家共事
10:41
no kinder金德 than
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雖然還不是
10:43
many許多 of the people in the world世界,
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世界上最親切的人
10:45
but they have a magic魔法 look at the world世界.
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但他們用獨到的眼光來看這個世界
10:48
And I'm glad高興 to see their discoveries發現
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我很高興能夠看到他們的研究
10:50
coming未來 out of the lab實驗室 and into the world世界.
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能夠走出實驗室並進到這個世界
10:53
It's been a long time in coming未來 for me.
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這對我來說是一段非常漫長的等待
10:57
18 years年份 ago,
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十八年前
11:00
I saw a photograph照片 in the paper.
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我在報紙上看到一張照片。
11:04
It was taken採取 by Kevin凱文 Carter卡特
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那是凱文・卡特
11:06
who went to the Sudan蘇丹
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在蘇丹進行
11:08
to document文件 their famine飢荒 there.
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當地飢荒紀實時所拍攝下來的。
11:10
I've carried攜帶的 this photograph照片 with me
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從那時起我每天都
11:12
every一切 day since以來 then.
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把這張照片帶在身上。
11:17
It's a picture圖片 of a little girl女孩 dying垂死 of thirst口渴.
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照片裡是一個因乾荒而瀕臨死亡的小女孩。
11:27
By any standard標準 this is wrong錯誤.
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不管用什麼標準來看這都不對
11:32
It's just wrong錯誤.
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這種事是不該發生的。
11:38
We can do better than this.
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我們可以做得更好
11:41
We should do better than this.
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我們應該要做得更好
11:44
And whenever每當 I go round回合
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不論我去到哪裡
11:46
to somebody who says,
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都會有人對我說:
11:48
"You know what, you're working加工 on something that's too difficult.
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「你研究的東西太困難了,
11:50
It'll它會 never happen發生. You don't have enough足夠 money.
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你不會成功的。你的資金不夠,
11:53
You don't have enough足夠 time.
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你也沒有那麼多時間。
11:56
There's something much more interesting有趣 around the corner,"
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還有其它更有趣的東西可以研究吧。」
11:59
I say, "Try saying that to her."
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我想說:「對照片裡的小女孩說吧!」
12:01
That's what I say in my mind心神. And I just say
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當然這些話只是在心裡想想而已。我真正說的是:
12:03
"thank you," and I go on to the next下一個 one.
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「謝謝。」然後繼續我的研究。
12:06
This is why we have to solve解決 our problems問題,
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這就是為什麼我們需要解決我們的問題
12:09
and I know the answer回答 as to how
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而我知道答案就是
12:14
is to be able能夠 to get exquisite精美 control控制
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精確的掌握自然界中
12:18
over a building建造 block of nature性質,
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簡單的東西
12:21
the stuff東東 of life:
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生命所需的
12:23
the simple簡單 electron電子.
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那就是電子
12:25
Thank you.
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謝謝
12:27
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Ching-Yuan Chen
Reviewed by Josie Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Justin Hall-Tipping - Science entrepreneur
Justin Hall-Tipping works on nano-energy startups -- mastering the electron to create power.

Why you should listen

Some of our most serious planetary worries revolve around energy and power -- controlling it, paying for it, and the consequences of burning it. Justin Hall-Tipping had an epiphany about energy after seeing footage of a chunk of ice the size of his home state (Connecticut) falling off Antarctica into the ocean, and decided to focus on science to find new forms of energy. A longtime investor, he formed Nanoholdings  to work closely with universities and labs who are studying new forms of nano-scale energy in the four sectors of the energy economy: generation, transmission, storage and conservation.

Nanotech as a field is still very young (the National Science Foundation says it's "at a level of development similar to that of computer technology in the 1950s") and nano-energy in particular holds tremendous promise.

He says: "For the first time in human history, we actually have the ability to pick up an atom and place it the way we want. Some very powerful things can happen when you can do that."

More profile about the speaker
Justin Hall-Tipping | Speaker | TED.com