ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tierney Thys - Marine biologist
Tierney Thys is a marine biologist and science educator. She studies the behavior of the Mola mola, or giant ocean sunfish -- and works with other scientists to make films that share the wonders they see.

Why you should listen

Marine biologist Tierney Thys has fallen head over heels for a big, goofy fish: the Mola mola, or giant ocean sunfish. In studying the mola -- where they go, what they eat, what eats them -- she's also hunting for clues to the behavior of all life in the open ocean. With their enormous, odd bodies, peaceful habits and lust for jellyfish, these giants can be key to understanding life in the open ocean. Thys and her team are tagging and tracking molas worldwide to learn about how they live, and how climate change may be affecting all ocean life.

Thys is a National Geographic Explorer with a passion for marine education. She was also past director of research at the Sea Studios Foundation, a team of scientists and filmmakers that makes media to raise awareness of environmental issues -- including the PBS series Strange Days on Planet Earth and targeted videos that influence policymakers and businesspeople. Sea Studios was also instrumental in helping eBay stop the trading of invasive species.

More profile about the speaker
Tierney Thys | Speaker | TED.com
TED2003

Tierney Thys: Swim with the giant sunfish

提爾尼•提絲與翻車魚共游

Filmed:
1,360,712 views

海洋生物學家提爾尼•提絲邀請我們進入水中,探訪"Mola mola"(又名太陽魚)的世界。如此巨大的生物,做日光浴,吃水母,做按摩,卻能讓我們從汪洋大海中得知生命的線索。
- Marine biologist
Tierney Thys is a marine biologist and science educator. She studies the behavior of the Mola mola, or giant ocean sunfish -- and works with other scientists to make films that share the wonders they see. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:25
I'd like to start開始 tonight今晚 by something completely全然 different不同,
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今晚,我想以一種截然不同的方式作為開始,
00:29
asking you to join加入 me by stepping步進 off the land土地
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邀請你暫時和我一起離開陸地,
00:33
and jumping跳躍 into the open打開 ocean海洋 for a moment時刻.
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躍入大海。
00:38
90 percent百分 of the living活的 space空間 on the planet行星 is in the open打開 ocean海洋,
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地球有90%的生存空間是在大海裡,
00:43
and it's where life -- the title標題 of our seminar研討會 tonight今晚 -- it's where life began開始.
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那也是生命的起始 - 我們今晚研討會的主題。
00:48
And it's a lively活潑 and a lovely可愛 place地點,
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那是一個可愛且充滿生命力的地方,
00:51
but we're rapidly急速 changing改變 the oceans海洋 with our --
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然而我們卻迅速地改變海洋,
00:55
not only with our overfishing過度捕撈, our irresponsible不負責任 fishing釣魚,
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不單單是因為我們濫捕、我們不負責任地捕撈、
01:00
our adding加入 of pollutants污染物 like fertilizer肥料 from our cropland農田,
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增加汙染物,例如農田的肥料,
01:05
but also, most recently最近, with climate氣候 change更改,
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還有最近常有的,氣候變遷,
01:07
and Steve史蒂夫 Schneider施耐德, I'm sure, will be going into greater更大 detail詳情 on this.
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我相信史蒂夫‧施耐德會更詳細的進入這個點。
01:10
Now, as we continue繼續 to tinker修補匠 with the oceans海洋,
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現今,當我們繼續笨手笨腳地修補海洋,
01:13
more and more reports報告 are predicting預測 that the kinds of seas海域 that we're creating創建
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越來越多的報告預言我們所修補出來的海洋
01:18
will be conducive有利於 to low-energy低能量 type類型 of animals動物, like jellyfish海蜇 and bacteria.
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會有利於低能量型的生物,像是水母和細菌,
01:23
And this might威力 be the kind of seas海域 we're headed當家 for.
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而這樣的海洋很可能遭受不幸。
01:26
Now jellyfish海蜇 are strangely奇怪 hypnotic催眠 and beautiful美麗,
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水母很不可思議地美麗且有催眠的作用,
01:30
and you'll你會 see lots of gorgeous華麗 ones那些 at the aquarium水族館 on Friday星期五,
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星期五的時候你可以在水族館看到許多美麗動人的水母,
01:35
but they sting like hell地獄, and jellyfish海蜇 sushi壽司 and sashimi生魚片
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但被刺到可是極度不舒服,而且水母壽司和水母生魚片
01:40
is just not going to fill you up.
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絕對無法滿足你。
01:42
About 100 grams of jellyfish海蜇 equals等於 four calories卡路里.
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大約100公克的水母等於四卡路里,
01:47
So it may可能 be good for the waistline腰圍,
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因此,牠或許對你的腰圍有益
01:49
but it probably大概 won't慣於 keep you satiated酒足飯飽 for very long.
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但牠更可能讓你忍飢挨餓。
01:52
And a sea that's just filled填充 and teeming豐富的 with jellyfish海蜇
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而且一個到處都是水母的海洋
01:57
isn't very good for all the other creatures生物 that live生活 in the oceans海洋,
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對其他的海洋生物來說並非一件好事,
02:00
that is, unless除非 you eat jellyfish海蜇.
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除非,你吃水母。
02:03
And this is this voracious貪心 predator捕食者 launching發射 a sneak潛行 attack攻擊
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這是一個如飢似渴的捕食者,正要偷襲
02:07
on this poor較差的 little unsuspecting信任的 jellyfish海蜇 there, a by-the-wind由這風 sailor水手.
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這隻隨波逐流,沒有警戒心的可憐水母。
02:11
And that predator捕食者 is the giant巨人 ocean海洋 sunfish翻車魚, the Mola莫拉 mola莫拉,
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這個捕食者正是太陽魚 -- Mola mola,
02:17
whose誰的 primary prey獵物 are jellyfish海蜇.
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牠以水母為主食。
02:20
This animal動物 is in "The Guinness吉尼斯 World世界 Book of Records記錄"
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這隻動物會在金氏世界紀錄上
02:22
for being存在 the world's世界 heaviest最重 bony骨的 fish.
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是因為牠是世界上硬骨魚類中最重的魚。
02:24
It reaches到達 up to almost幾乎 5,000 pounds英鎊 -- on a diet飲食 of jellyfish海蜇, primarily主要.
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以水母為主食,牠幾乎可達五千磅。
02:31
And I think it's kind of a nice不錯 little cosmological宇宙 convergence收斂 here
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我覺得這是宇宙性美好的聚合,
02:35
that the Mola莫拉 mola莫拉 -- its common共同 name名稱 is sunfish翻車魚 --
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翻車魚,又稱太陽魚,
02:38
that its favorite喜愛 food餐飲 is the moon月亮 jelly果凍.
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最喜歡吃月亮水母。
02:42
So it's kind of nice不錯, the sun太陽 and the moon月亮 getting得到 together一起 this way,
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這很妙,太陽和月亮聚在一起,
02:46
even if one is eating the other.
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雖然其中一個在吃另外一個。
02:51
Now this is typically一般 how you see sunfish翻車魚,
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這是我們常見的太陽魚,
02:54
this is where they get their common共同 name名稱.
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也是牠們名稱的來由。
02:56
They like to sunbathe曬太陽, can't blame them.
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牠們喜歡曬日光浴,誰不愛呢
02:58
They just lay鋪設 out on the surface表面 of the sea
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然而大部分的人卻以為牠們很懶或是生病了,
03:01
and most people think they're sick生病 or lazy, but that's a typical典型 behavior行為,
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但這是牠們常有的行為,
03:05
they lie謊言 out and bask on the surface表面.
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牠們會把自己攤在水面曬太陽。
03:08
Their other name名稱, Mola莫拉 mola莫拉, is -- it sounds聲音 Hawaiian夏威夷,
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牠們另一個名稱 Mola mola,聽起來有點夏威夷,
03:11
but it's actually其實 Latin拉丁 for millstone磨石,
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但其實是拉丁文"磨石"之意,
03:14
and that's attributable歸屬 to their roundish圓形, very bizarre奇異的, cut-off隔斷 shape形狀.
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可能是因為牠們很奇特、圓圓的、好像被裁過似的
03:20
It's as if, as they were growing生長, they just forgot忘記 the tail尾巴 part部分.
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好像長大的時候忘了長出尾巴一樣。
03:24
And that's actually其實 what drew德魯 me to the Mola莫拉 in the first place地點,
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這非比尋常的形狀,
03:28
was this terribly可怕 bizarre奇異的 shape形狀.
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這正是牠第一眼吸引我的地方。
03:31
You know, you look at sharks鯊魚, and they're streamlined流線型, and they're sleek光滑,
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當你看到鯊魚,會看見牠們很光滑,線條流暢,
03:36
and you look at tuna金槍魚, and they're like torpedoes魚雷 --
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你再看鮪魚,牠們好像魚雷 --
03:39
they just give away their agenda議程. They're about migration移民 and strength強度,
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就如同外觀,牠們對於遷徙充滿了力量,
03:43
and then you look at the sunfish翻車魚.
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然後你再看太陽魚。
03:46
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:48
And this is just so elegantly優雅 mysterious神秘, it's just --
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這真是不可思議的優美,
03:55
it really kind of holds持有 its cards a lot tighter更緊 than say, a tuna金槍魚.
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牠隱藏的實力更甚於鮪魚。
04:02
So I was just intrigued好奇 with what -- you know, what is this animal's動物 story故事?
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我很好奇,這動物背後的故事是什麼?
04:08
Well, as with anything in biology生物學, nothing really makes品牌 sense
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正如在生物學中,除了進化論以外,
04:11
except in the light of evolution演化.
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沒有什麼說得通。
04:13
The Mola's莫拉的 no exception例外.
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翻車魚也不例外。
04:15
They appeared出現 shortly不久 after the dinosaurs恐龍 disappeared消失,
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牠們在恐龍消失後不久就出現,
04:19
65 million百萬 years年份 ago, at a time when whales鯨魚 still had legs,
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6500萬年前,當鯨魚還有腳時候,
04:23
and they come from a rebellious little puffer河豚 fish faction --
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牠們從河豚的派系中叛變出來-
04:29
oblige責成 me a little Kipling-esque基普林式的 storytelling評書 here.
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容許我在這裡用吉卜林的風格講故事。
04:32
Of course課程 evolution演化 is somewhat有些 random隨機, and you know,
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當然,進化論在某種程度上是隨機的,
04:35
about 55 million百萬 years年份 ago there was this rebellious little puffer河豚 fish faction
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大約5500萬年前,這些叛變的河豚說:
04:39
that said, oh, the heck赫克 with the coral珊瑚 reefs珊瑚礁 --
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「哦!管他的珊瑚礁,
04:41
we're going to head to the high seas海域.
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我們要邁向公海。」
04:43
And lots of generations, lots of tweaking扭捏 and torquing扭轉,
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然後經過了好幾代,經過很多扭轉和調整,
04:48
and we turn our puffer河豚 into the Mola莫拉.
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河豚變成了翻車魚。
04:50
You know, if you give Mother母親 Nature性質 enough足夠 time, that is what she will produce生產.
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你知道,當你給大自然足夠的時間,她就會產生出這樣的東西。
04:58
They look -- maybe they look
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或許,牠們看起來有點
05:00
kind of prehistoric史前 and unfinished未完成, abridged簡略 perhaps也許,
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未完成和過時,或許有點簡略,
05:04
but in fact事實, in fact事實 they are the --
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但事實上,牠們是海洋中
05:08
they vie爭奪 for the top最佳 position位置 of the most evolutionarily-derived進化衍生 fish in the sea,
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魚類進化後衍生出來最頂尖的魚,
05:14
right up there with flat平面 fish.
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和比目魚一樣。
05:17
They're -- every一切 single thing about that fish has been changed.
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那種魚的一切都被改變了。
05:21
And in terms條款 of fishes魚類 --
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說到魚,
05:23
fishes魚類 appeared出現 500 million百萬 years年份 ago, and they're pretty漂亮 modern現代,
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五億年前魚出現了,而且還滿現代化的,
05:29
just 50 million百萬 years年份 ago, so --
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僅5000萬年前,
05:33
so interestingly有趣, they give away their ancestry祖先 as they develop發展.
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有趣的是,牠們在發展的過程中拋棄牠們的祖先。
05:38
They start開始 as little eggs,
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從小小的卵開始,
05:40
and they're in "The Guinness吉尼斯 World世界 Book of Records記錄" again
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而且牠們的卵比地球上任何一類脊椎動物的卵還多,
05:42
for having the most number of eggs of any vertebrate脊椎動物 on the planet行星.
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故此再次登上金氏世界紀錄。
05:46
A single four-foot四足 female had 300 million百萬 eggs,
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一隻四英尺的雌魚有三億顆卵,
05:52
can carry攜帶 300 million百萬 eggs in her ovaries卵巢 -- imagine想像 --
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牠的卵巢可以懷有三億顆卵,想看看,
05:55
and they get to be over 10 feet long. Imagine想像 what a 10 foot腳丫子 one has.
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而且牠們一定超過10英尺長。想像一隻10英尺長的能產多少卵。
06:00
And from that little egg,
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從那一顆小小的卵,
06:02
they pass通過 through通過 this spiky高低不平 little porcupine豪豬 fish stage階段, reminiscent讓人聯想起 of their ancestry祖先,
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牠們經過這種像河豚一樣,刺刺的階段,令人想起祂們的祖先,
06:07
and develop發展 -- this is their little adolescent青少年 stage階段.
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然後發展,這是牠們青少年的階段。
06:10
They school學校 as adolescents青少年, and become成為 behemoth河馬 loners獨來獨往 as adults成年人.
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在牠們青少年的階段裡,牠們會成群結隊,成年之後就漸漸的成了巨大的獨行俠。
06:17
That's a little diver潛水員 up there in the corner.
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角落上方有一個小小的潛水者。
06:20
They're in "The Guinness吉尼斯 World世界 Book of Records記錄" again
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牠們又再次登上金氏世界紀錄,
06:23
for being存在 the vertebrate脊椎動物 growth發展 champion冠軍 of the world世界.
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因為是世界上所有脊椎動物的生長冠軍。
06:26
From their little hatching孵化 size尺寸 of their egg, into their little larval幼蟲 stage階段
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從小小的卵,經過幼期,
06:30
till直到 they reach達到 adulthood成年, they put on 600 million百萬 times an increase增加 in weight重量.
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到成年,牠們的體重增加六億倍。
06:36
600 million百萬. Now imagine想像 if you gave birth分娩 to a little baby寶寶,
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六億。想像你生了個嬰孩,
06:42
and you had to feed飼料 this thing.
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而且要餵牠。
06:46
That would mean that your child兒童, you would expect期望 it to gain獲得 the weight重量 of six TitanicsTitanics.
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這表示你的小孩所增加的重量是六艘鐵達尼號。
06:53
Now I don't know how you'd feed飼料 a child兒童 like that but --
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我不知道你要怎麼養一個像那樣的孩子。
06:56
we don't know how fast快速 the Molas莫拉斯 grow增長 in the wild野生,
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我們不知道野生的翻車魚的成長有多快,
07:02
but captive俘虜 growth發展 studies學習 at the Monterey蒙特雷 Bay Aquarium水族館 --
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但在蒙特利灣水族館-
07:05
one of the first places地方 to have them in captivity囚禁 --
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第一個人工飼養翻車魚的地方之一,
07:07
they had one that gained獲得 800 lbs in 14 months個月.
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研究資料顯示有一隻在短短的14個月就增加了800磅。
07:11
I said, now, that's a true真正 American美國.
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我說,那才是正港的美國人。
07:14
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:18
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
07:20
So being存在 a loner獨來獨往的人 is a great thing, especially特別 in today's今天的 seas海域,
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當獨行俠是一件很棒的事,由其是在今天。
07:24
because schooling教育 used to be salvation救恩 for fishes魚類,
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以前,聚集成群是魚類生存的方法,
07:27
but it's suicide自殺 for fishes魚類 now.
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如今卻是自殺行為。
07:30
But unfortunately不幸 Molas莫拉斯, even though雖然 they don't school學校,
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很不幸的是,雖然翻車魚不聚集成群,
07:32
they still get caught抓住 in nets as by-catch副漁獲物.
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還是會被網子抓住。
07:34
If we're going to save保存 the world世界 from total jellyfish海蜇 domination統治,
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如果我們想要拯救世界,脫離水母的控制,
07:39
then we've我們已經 got to figure數字 out what the jellyfish海蜇 predators大鱷 --
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就要知道水母的天敵是誰,
07:41
how they live生活 their lives生活, like the Mola莫拉.
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牠們的生活模式是如何,例如說,翻車魚。
07:43
And unfortunately不幸, they make up a large portion一部分 of the California加州 by-catch副漁獲物 --
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但很不幸的,在加州,牠們被流刺網抓到的比例
07:48
up to 26 percent百分 of the drift漂移 net.
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高達26%。
07:50
And in the Mediterranean地中海, in the swordfish旗魚 net fisheries漁業,
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並且在地中海區,高達90%的翻車魚
07:55
they make up up to 90 percent百分.
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在漁場被捕劍魚的網子捕捉。
07:59
So we've我們已經 got to figure數字 out how they're living活的 their lives生活.
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因此,我們必須知道牠們生活模式是如何。
08:02
And how do you do that?
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那要怎麼做?
08:04
How do you do that with an animal動物 -- very few少數 places地方 in the world世界.
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要怎麼知道一種世上只有少數地方才有的動物的生活模式?
08:07
This is an open打開 ocean海洋 creature生物. It knows知道 no boundaries邊界 -- it doesn't go to land土地.
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這是一隻生活在大洋中的生物,牠不知道界限,因為牠從不登上陸地。
08:11
How do you get insight眼光?
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要怎麼樣才能深入瞭解牠們?
08:13
How do you seduce勾引 an open打開 ocean海洋 creature生物 like that to spill its secrets秘密?
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要如何誘騙一隻生活在大洋中的生物洩漏牠的秘密?
08:18
Well, there's some great new technology技術
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其實,最近有一些很棒的新科技產品
08:21
that has just recently最近 become成為 available可得到,
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是可以被取得的,
08:23
and it's just a boon福利 for getting得到 insight眼光 into open打開 ocean海洋 animals動物.
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它們對觀察生活在大洋中的生物是非常有幫助的。
08:27
And it's pictured合照 right here, that little tag標籤 up there.
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這裡就有一張照片。上面那個小小的標籤,
08:31
That little tag標籤 can record記錄 temperature溫度, depth深度 and light intensity強度,
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可以記錄溫度、海深、
08:36
which哪一個 is correlated相關 with time, and from that we can get locations地點.
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光線強度、時間和地點。
08:40
And it can record記錄 this data數據 for up to two years年份,
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它可以保留長達兩年的數據資料,
08:44
and keep it in that tag標籤, release發布 at a pre-programmed預編程 time,
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然後在預先設定的時間浮出水面,
08:48
float浮動 to the surface表面, upload上載 all that data數據, that whole整個 travelogue遊記,
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將那些數據資料,整個旅行紀錄,
08:52
to satellite衛星, which哪一個 relays繼電器 it directly to our computers電腦,
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上傳到衛星,而衛星和我們的電腦有直接的連線,
08:55
and we've我們已經 got that whole整個 dataset數據集. And we didn't even have --
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我們就得到了整個資料集。我們根本沒有—
08:59
we just had to tag標籤 the animal動物 and then we went home and you know, satSAT at our desks書桌.
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我們只有把標籤貼到翻車魚上,然後回家,坐在辦公桌前。
09:04
So the great thing about the Mola莫拉
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因此,最棒的是,
09:06
is that when we put the tag標籤 on them -- if you look up here --
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當我們將標籤貼到牠們身上,你看這邊,
09:09
that's streaming off, that's right where we put the tag標籤.
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有東西在漂,那就是我們貼標籤的地方。
09:11
And it just so happens發生 that's a parasite寄生物 hanging off the Mola莫拉.
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那看起來就像掛在翻車魚上面的寄生蟲一樣。
09:15
Molas莫拉斯 are infamous臭名昭著 for carrying攜帶 tons of parasites寄生蟲.
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翻車魚以攜帶大量的寄生蟲而聞名。
09:18
They're just parasite寄生物 hotels酒店; even their parasites寄生蟲 have parasites寄生蟲.
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簡直就是寄生蟲飯店,甚至連牠身上的寄生蟲都有寄生蟲。
09:22
I think Donne多恩 wrote a poem about that.
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我記得多恩寫過有關這個的詩。
09:24
But they have 40 genera of parasites寄生蟲,
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牠們身上大約有40種寄生蟲,
09:27
and so we figured想通 just one more parasite寄生物 won't慣於 be too much of a problem問題.
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我們發現多放一隻並不會是太大的問題。
09:31
And they happen發生 to be a very good vehicle車輛 for carrying攜帶 oceanographic海洋學 equipment設備.
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而且牠們恰好是攜帶海洋攝影儀器很好的交通工具。
09:36
They don't seem似乎 to mind心神, so far.
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目前為止,牠們不會在意。
09:39
So what are we trying to find out? We're focusing調焦 on the Pacific和平的.
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我們到底想知道什麼?我們的重點是太平洋,
09:43
We're tagging標記 on the California加州 coast, and we're tagging標記 over in Taiwan台灣 and Japan日本.
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標記加州海岸、台灣、日本。
09:47
And we're interested有興趣 in how these animals動物 are using運用 the currents電流,
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令人感興趣的是,牠們如何利用水流、
09:50
using運用 temperature溫度, using運用 the open打開 ocean海洋, to live生活 their lives生活.
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利用溫度、利用海洋來過生活。
09:56
We'd星期三 love to tag標籤 in Monterey蒙特雷.
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我們最喜歡標記蒙特雷。
09:58
Monterey蒙特雷 is one of the few少數 places地方 in the world世界 where Molas莫拉斯 come in large numbers數字.
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蒙特雷是世界上少數有大量翻車魚湧現的地方之一。
10:02
Not this time of year -- it's more around October十月.
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但不是這個時候,大約在十月的時候。
10:05
And we'd星期三 love to tag標籤 here -- this is an aerial天線 shot射擊 of Monterey蒙特雷 --
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我們還喜歡標記這裡,這是一張蒙特雷的空照圖,
10:08
but unfortunately不幸, the Molas莫拉斯 here end結束 up looking like this
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但不幸的,這裡的翻車魚長這樣。
10:12
because another另一個 one of our locals當地人 really likes喜歡 Molas莫拉斯 but in the wrong錯誤 way.
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因為這裡的居民也喜歡翻車魚,但是以錯誤的方式。
10:16
The California加州 sea lion獅子 takes the Molas莫拉斯 as soon不久 as they come into the bay,
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當翻車魚一入加州海灣,加州海獅會馬上捕捉牠們,
10:20
rips裂口 off their fins鰭片, fashions時裝 them into the ultimate最終 Frisbee飛盤, Mola莫拉 style樣式,
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扯掉牠們的魚鰭,最終把牠們做成翻車魚型的飛盤,
10:25
and then tosses them back and forth向前.
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然後把牠們丟來丟去。
10:27
And I'm not exaggerating誇大, it is just --
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我沒有誇大,只是 —
10:30
and sometimes有時 they don't eat them, it's just spiteful刻毒.
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而且有的時候不會把牠們吃掉,這真的很惡毒。
10:33
And you know, the locals當地人 think it's terrible可怕 behavior行為,
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你知道嗎,當地的居民覺得這真是太可怕了!
10:38
it's just horrible可怕 watching觀看 this happen發生, day after day.
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看見這種事情日復一日的發生,真的很可怕。
10:43
The poor較差的 little Molas莫拉斯 coming未來 in, getting得到 ripped撕開 to shreds碎片,
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可憐的小翻車魚來,被五馬分屍,
10:46
so we head down south, to San Diego迭戈.
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所以我們往南,到聖地牙哥。
10:50
Not so many許多 California加州 sea lions獅子 down there.
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那裡沒有那麼多的加州海獅。
10:52
And the Molas莫拉斯 there, you can find them with a spotter去污劑 plane平面 very easily容易,
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而且用偵察機就可以很容易的發現牠們,
10:55
and they like to hang out under floating漂浮的 rafts筏子 of kelp海帶.
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牠們喜歡徘徊在大型褐藻下。
10:58
And under those kelps海帶 -- this is why the Molas莫拉斯 come there
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在這些大型褐藻下-這是為什麼翻車魚喜歡來這裡,
11:01
because it's spa溫泉 time for the Molas莫拉斯 there.
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因為這是牠們的水療時間。
11:05
As soon不久 as they get under those rafts筏子 of kelp海帶, the exfoliating去角質 cleaner清潔器 fish come.
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當牠們一到大型褐藻下,去角質魚就來,
11:09
And they come and give the Molas莫拉斯 --
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牠們會來,給翻車魚-
11:11
you can see they strike罷工 this funny滑稽 little position位置 that says,
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你可以看到牠們擺出很好笑的姿勢,說:
11:14
"I'm not threatening危險的, but I need a massage按摩."
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「我不可怕,但我需要按摩。」
11:16
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
11:20
And they'll他們會 put their fins鰭片 out and their eyes眼睛 go in the back of their head,
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牠們會擺出牠們的鰭,翻白眼,
11:24
and the fish come up and they just clean清潔, clean清潔, clean清潔 --
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然後那些魚就進前來清潔、清潔、清潔-
11:28
because the Molas莫拉斯, you know, there's just a smorgasbord自助餐 of parasites寄生蟲.
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你知道的,因為有吃到飽的寄生蟲可以吃。
11:32
And it's also a great place地點 to go down south
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再往南走也很棒,
11:34
because the water's水的 warmer回暖, and the Molas莫拉斯 are kind of friendly友善 down there.
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因為那裡的水更溫暖,那裡的翻車魚也滿友善的。
11:38
I mean what other kind of fish, if you approach途徑 it right,
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我是說,有哪些魚會在你靠近牠的時候
11:41
will say, "Okay, scratch me right there."
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跟你說:「OK,搔我這裡。」
11:43
You truly can swim游泳 up to a Mola莫拉 -- they're very gentle溫和 --
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你真的可以靠近牠們,牠們很溫和的,
11:46
and if you approach途徑 them right, you can give them a scratch and they enjoy請享用 it.
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如果你正確的接近牠們,你可以幫牠們搔個癢,牠們會很享受的。
11:52
So we've我們已經 also tagged標記 one part部分 of the Pacific和平的;
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我們還有標記太平洋的一個地方,
11:54
we've我們已經 gone走了 over to another另一個 part部分 of the Pacific和平的,
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我們到太平洋的另一處,
11:56
and we've我們已經 tagged標記 in Taiwan台灣, and we tagged標記 in Japan日本.
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我們標記台灣,也標記日本。
12:00
And over in these places地方, the Molas莫拉斯 are caught抓住 in set nets that line these countries國家.
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在這些地方,翻車魚被這一帶的國家的定置網所捕。
12:05
And they're not thrown拋出 back as by-catch副漁獲物, they're eaten吃過.
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牠們不會因為誤捕而被丟回海裡,而是被吃掉。
12:08
We were served提供服務 a nine-course九課程 meal膳食 of Mola莫拉 after we tagged標記.
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在我們標記牠們之後,他們提供我們九道翻車魚的菜餚。
12:13
Well, not the one we tagged標記!
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但不是我們標記的那一隻啦!
12:16
And everything from the kidney, to the testes睾丸, to the back bone,
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從腎臟、到睪丸、到脊椎、
12:19
to the fin muscle肌肉 to -- I think that ís pretty漂亮 much the whole整個 fish -- is eaten吃過.
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到鰭的肌肉-我想這幾乎是整條魚了 - 被吃掉。
12:32
So the hardest最難 part部分 of tagging標記, now, is
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所以下標籤最難的部分就是,
12:36
after you put that tag標籤 on, you have to wait, months個月.
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你標好了之後,要等好幾個月。
12:41
And you're just wondering想知道, oh, I hope希望 the fish is safe安全,
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然後就會想,我希望那條魚還平安,
12:45
I hope希望, I hope希望 it's going to be able能夠 to actually其實 live生活 its life out
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我希望牠們可以在標籤紀錄的航行中,
12:49
during the course課程 that the tag標籤 is recording記錄.
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能夠過牠原有的生活。
12:52
The tags標籤 cost成本 3500 dollars美元 each, and then satellite衛星 time is another另一個 500 dollars美元,
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一個標籤要3500元,然後衛星要再乘以500元,
12:58
so you're like, oh, I hope希望 the tag標籤 is okay.
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然後你就會想,我希望那個標籤沒壞掉。
13:01
And so the waiting等候 is really the hardest最難 part部分.
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所以等待其實是最難的部分。
13:04
I'm going to show顯示 you our latest最新 dataset數據集.
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我要給你們看最新的資料。
13:06
And it hasn't有沒有 been published發表, so it's totally完全 privy有利害關係的人 information信息 just for TEDTED.
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它還未被發表過,完全只准予TED知道。
13:11
And in showing展示 you this, you know, when we're looking at this data數據,
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在給你看的時候,你要知道,當我們看這些資料,
13:15
we're thinking思維, oh do these animals動物, do they cross交叉 the equator赤道?
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我們會想,哦,這些動物會跨越赤道嗎?
13:18
Do they go from one side of the Pacific和平的 to the other?
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牠們會從太平洋的一端游到另一端嗎?
13:20
And we found發現 that they kind of are homebodies戀家.
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後來我們發現,牠們有點戀家,
13:25
They're not big migrators遷移者. This is their track跟踪:
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牠們不是狂熱的移民者。這是牠們的足跡:
13:27
we deployed部署 the tag標籤 off of Tokyo東京, and the Mola莫拉 in one month
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我們在東京將標籤分散下去,然後在一個月內,
13:31
kind of got into the Kuroshio黑潮 Current當前 off of Japan日本 and foraged覓食 there.
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翻車魚似乎被捲入了黑潮,離開了日本,並且在那裡覓食。
13:36
And after four months個月, went up, you know, off of the north part部分 of Japan日本.
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四個月後往上,你知道的,到日本的北部。
13:40
And that's kind of their home range範圍.
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那裡有點像牠們的活動範圍。
13:42
Now that's important重要, though雖然, because if there's a lot of fishing釣魚 pressure壓力,
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這是很重要的,若是有很大的捕魚壓力,
13:46
that population人口 doesn't get replenished補充.
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牠們會數量不足。
13:49
So that's a very important重要 piece of data數據.
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因此,這是很重要的一份資料。
13:51
But also what's important重要 is that they're not slacker懶鬼, lazy fish.
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另外有一點很重要的就是牠們並不怠惰,不是懶惰的魚。
13:57
They're super industrious勤勞.
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牠們超級勤奮的。
13:59
And this is a day in the life of a Mola莫拉, and if we --
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這是翻車魚一天的生活,如果我們-
14:02
they're up and down, and up and down, and up and down, and up
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牠們上下,上下,上下,
14:06
and up and down, up to 40 times a day.
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上下,一天高達40 次。
14:08
As the sun太陽 comes up, you see in the blue藍色, they start開始 their dive潛水.
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當太陽升起,你看藍色這邊,牠們開始往下潛。
14:13
Down -- and as the sun太陽 gets得到 brighter光明 they go a little deeper更深, little deeper更深.
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往下-當太陽越來越大,牠們就潛得更深,更深。
14:17
They plumb垂直 the depths深處 down to 600 meters, in temperatures溫度 to one degree centigrade攝氏,
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牠們潛入600公尺深,那裡溫度是攝氏一度,
14:23
and this is why you see them on the surface表面 -- it's so cold down there.
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這就是為甚麼你會在水面看到牠們-下面太冷了。
14:27
They've他們已經 got to come up, warm, get that solar太陽能 power功率,
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牠們一定得上來,暖和一下,吸收太陽能,
14:29
and then plunge跳水 back into the depths深處, and go up and down and up and down.
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然後再投入深海,上上下下的。
14:32
And they're hitting a layer down there; it's called the deep scattering散射 layer --
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牠們會到一個叫深海散射層地方,
14:35
which哪一個 a whole整個 variety品種 of food's食品的 in that layer.
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那層有豐富的食物。
14:40
So rather than just being存在 some sunbathing日光浴 slacker懶鬼,
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與其說牠們是愛做日光浴的懶惰蟲,
14:44
they're really very industrious勤勞 fish that dance舞蹈 this wild野生 dance舞蹈
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牠們是很勤奮的魚,瘋狂的舞蹈於
14:47
between之間 the surface表面 and the bottom底部 and through通過 temperature溫度.
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水面和深海的溫度中。
14:52
We see the same相同 pattern模式 -- now with these tags標籤
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同樣的方式-從這些標籤,
14:55
we're seeing眼看 a similar類似 pattern模式 for swordfishes劍魚, manta曼塔 rays陽光, tunas金槍魚,
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我們在劍魚、鬼蝠魟、鮪魚身上可以看出同樣的行為模式,
14:59
a real真實 three-dimensional三維 play.
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活動於一個三度空間的之中。
15:04
This is part部分 of a much larger program程序 called the Census人口調查 of Marine海洋 Life,
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這是一個更大的計劃的一部分,就是海洋生物普查計劃。
15:07
where they're going to be tagging標記 all over the world世界
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牠們要被標記在全球各地,
15:10
and the Mola's莫拉的 going to enter輸入 into that.
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並且翻車魚也要加入牠們。
15:12
And what's exciting扣人心弦 -- you all travel旅行, and you know
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令人興奮的是-你們都旅遊過,所以你們知道
15:15
the best最好 thing about traveling旅行 is to be able能夠 to find the locals當地人,
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旅遊的時候最好要找當地人,
15:18
and to find the great places地方 by getting得到 the local本地 knowledge知識.
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藉由他們找到好地方。
15:21
Well now with the Census人口調查 of Marine海洋 Life, we'll be able能夠 to sidle側身 up to all the locals當地人
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在海洋生物普查計劃中,我們能夠偷偷地接近當地居民,
15:25
and explore探索 90 percent百分 of our living活的 space空間, with local本地 knowledge知識.
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藉由他們,就能探索出我們生存空間的90%。
15:30
It's never -- it's really never been a more exciting扣人心弦, or a vital重要 time, to be a biologist生物學家.
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作為一名生物學家,沒有比這更令人興奮、更重要的時刻。
15:36
Which哪一個 brings帶來 me to my last point, and what I think is kind of the most fun開玩笑.
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這引到我最後一個點,也是我覺得最好玩的一點。
15:40
I set up a website網站 because I was getting得到 so many許多 questions問題 about Molas莫拉斯 and sunfish翻車魚.
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我架設了一個網站,因為我收到太多有關翻車魚和太陽魚的問題。
15:48
And so I just figured想通 I'd have the questions問題 answered回答,
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所以我決定要回答這些問題,
15:52
and I'd be able能夠 to thank my funders資助者, like National國民 Geographic地理 and Lindbergh林德伯格.
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並且能夠感謝贊助我的人,像是國家地理和林德柏格。
15:56
But people would write into the site現場 with all sorts排序 of,
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但大家會在網站上寫各種-
16:00
all sorts排序 of stories故事 about these animals動物
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各種有關這些動物的故事,
16:03
and wanting希望 to help me get samples樣本 for genetic遺傳 analysis分析.
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試圖幫助我得到遺傳分析的樣本。
16:07
And what I found發現 most exciting扣人心弦 is that everyone大家 had a shared共享 --
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而我發現最令人興奮的是,大家都有一個分享的愛
16:14
a shared共享 love and an interest利益 in the oceans海洋.
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和一種對海洋的興趣。
16:17
I was getting得到 reports報告 from Catholic天主教徒 nuns修女,
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我從天主教的修女、
16:21
Jewish猶太 Rabbis拉比, Muslims穆斯林, Christians基督徒 -- everybody每個人 writing寫作 in,
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猶太教的律法師、回教徒、基督徒-很多人寫信來,
16:26
united聯合的 by their love of life.
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他們對生命的熱忱連結在一起。
16:30
And to me that -- I don't think I could say it any better than the immortal不朽 Bard詩人 himself他自己:
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對我來說-我覺得我無法說得比不朽詩人(莎士比亞)還要好:
16:36
"One touch觸摸 of nature性質 makes品牌 the whole整個 world世界 kin親屬."
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「僅僅一摸大自然,能讓整個世界變得更親切。」
16:40
And sure, it may可能 be just one big old silly愚蠢 fish, but it's helping幫助.
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確實,或許只是一隻又大又傻的魚,但牠是有益的。
16:44
If it's helping幫助 to unite團結 the world世界, I think it's definitely無疑 the fish of the future未來.
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如果牠有助於團結這個世界,我想那絕對是未來很重要的魚。
Translated by Jenny(靖翎) Lee(李)
Reviewed by Adrienne Lin

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tierney Thys - Marine biologist
Tierney Thys is a marine biologist and science educator. She studies the behavior of the Mola mola, or giant ocean sunfish -- and works with other scientists to make films that share the wonders they see.

Why you should listen

Marine biologist Tierney Thys has fallen head over heels for a big, goofy fish: the Mola mola, or giant ocean sunfish. In studying the mola -- where they go, what they eat, what eats them -- she's also hunting for clues to the behavior of all life in the open ocean. With their enormous, odd bodies, peaceful habits and lust for jellyfish, these giants can be key to understanding life in the open ocean. Thys and her team are tagging and tracking molas worldwide to learn about how they live, and how climate change may be affecting all ocean life.

Thys is a National Geographic Explorer with a passion for marine education. She was also past director of research at the Sea Studios Foundation, a team of scientists and filmmakers that makes media to raise awareness of environmental issues -- including the PBS series Strange Days on Planet Earth and targeted videos that influence policymakers and businesspeople. Sea Studios was also instrumental in helping eBay stop the trading of invasive species.

More profile about the speaker
Tierney Thys | Speaker | TED.com