TEDxVictoria
Garth Lenz: The true cost of oil
Garth Lenz: 石油的真實代價
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到底環境災難看起來是什麽樣子? 在 TEDxVictoria，攝影師 Garth Lenz 與我們分享了亞伯達省焦油砂礦的駭人相片，也分享了當地生機勃勃、同時受到威脅的美麗生態系統。(攝於TEDxVictoria)
Garth Lenz - Photographer
Garth Lenz’ touring exhibition, “The True Cost of Oil”, has played a major part in the fight against Alberta Tar Sands Mining. Full bio
Garth Lenz’ touring exhibition, “The True Cost of Oil”, has played a major part in the fight against Alberta Tar Sands Mining. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The world's largest and most devastating
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世界上最具規模和毀滅性的
00:18
environmental and industrial project
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環境與工業工程計劃
00:21
is situated in the heart
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正坐落於世上最大
00:22
of the largest and most intact forest in the world,
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保護最完整的森林中心，
00:25
Canada's boreal forest.
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加拿大的北方針葉林。
00:27
It stretches right across northern Canada, in Labrador,
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它橫跨加拿大北方地區，
在拉布拉多省（Labrador），
在拉布拉多省（Labrador），
00:31
it's home to the largest remaining wild caribou herd
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是世界上現存最大的野生馴鹿群
00:33
in the world, the George River caribou herd,
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喬治河馴鹿群的家園，
00:36
numbering approximately 400,000 animals.
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總計大約有四十萬隻馴鹿。
00:38
Unfortunately, when I was there I couldn't find one of them,
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遺憾的是，當我在那兒時，一隻都看不到，
00:40
but you have the antlers as proof.
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但你們看，有鹿角為證。
00:43
All across the boreal, we're blessed with this
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整片針葉林裡，我們擁有
00:46
incredible abundance of wetlands.
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極為豐富的濕地資源。
00:48
Wetlands globally are one of the most endangered ecosystems.
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濕地是地球上
最瀕危的生態系統之一，
最瀕危的生態系統之一，
00:52
They're absolutely critical ecosystems,
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它們毫無疑問是關鍵的生態系統，
00:55
they clean air, they clean water,
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它們清潔空氣，淨化水源，
00:57
they sequester large amounts of greenhouse gases,
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它們吸收大量的溫室氣體，
01:01
and they're home to a huge diversity of species.
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它們也是擁有大片生物多樣性的家園。
01:04
In the boreal, they are also the home where
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在針葉林裡頭，濕地也是近一半北美洲的
01:07
almost 50 percent of the 800 bird species
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八百種鳥類動物的家，
01:10
found in North America migrate north to breed and raise their young.
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這些鳥類爲了繁殖，向北美大陸
的北邊遷徙，餵養幼鳥。
的北邊遷徙，餵養幼鳥。
01:15
In Ontario, the boreal marches down south
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在安大略省（Ontario），針葉林向南延伸
01:19
to the north shore of Lake Superior.
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直到蘇比利爾湖（Lake Superior）的北岸，
01:21
And these incredibly beautiful boreal forests
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這些極其美麗的針葉林
01:25
were the inspiration for some of the most famous art
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是加拿大歷史上很多著名藝術
01:28
in Canadian history, the Group of Seven were very inspired
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的創作靈感發源地，這片風景
01:31
by this landscape,
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就曾深深鼓舞了七人畫派（ Group of Seven）。
01:33
and so the boreal is not just a really key part of our
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所以針葉林不單單是
01:37
natural heritage,
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我們自然遺產重要的一部份，
01:39
but also an important part of our cultural heritage.
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它也是我們文化遺產的關鍵之一。
01:42
In Manitoba, this is an image from the east side of Lake Winnipeg,
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這是一張在馬尼托巴省（Manitoba）
溫尼伯湖（Lake Winnipeg）東邊的照片，
溫尼伯湖（Lake Winnipeg）東邊的照片，
01:45
and this is the home of the newly designated
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這也是聯合國教科文組織最新指定的
01:48
UNESCO Cultural Heritage site.
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文化遺址所在地。
01:51
In Saskatchewan, as across all of the boreal,
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在薩斯喀徹溫省（Saskatchewan），與針葉林裡一樣，
01:54
home to some of our most famous rivers,
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是若干我們最熟知的河流發源地，
01:57
an incredible network of rivers and lakes
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這是一個絕佳的、交織了河流和湖泊的網絡，
02:00
that every school-age child learns about,
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也是每一個學齡兒童所熟知的
02:02
the Peace, the Athabasca, the Churchill here, the Mackenzie,
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和平河、阿薩巴斯卡河、邱吉爾河與馬更些河，
02:06
and these networks were the historical routes
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這些網絡是過去歷史中
02:10
for the voyageur and the coureur des bois,
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船夫和樵夫的必經之路。
02:12
the first non-Aboriginal explorers of northern Canada
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它們是第一個北加拿大非原住民探險家，
02:16
that, taking from the First Nations people,
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在原住民的幫助之下，
02:18
used canoes and paddled to explore
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用獨木舟划槳發現的
一個交易通道，
一個交易通道，
02:21
for a trade route, a Northwest Passage for the fur trade.
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這是一個皮毛交易的西北通道。
02:25
In the North, the boreal is bordered by the tundra,
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在北邊，針葉林與苔原接壤，
02:28
and just below that, in Yukon,
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在它下面一點，在育空地區（Yukon），
02:32
we have this incredible valley, the Tombstone Valley.
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我們有如此令人屏息的山谷，
墓碑谷（Tombstone Valle）。
墓碑谷（Tombstone Valle）。
02:35
And the Tombstone Valley is home to the Porcupine caribou herd.
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墓碑谷是豪豬馴鹿（Porcupine caribou）群的居住地。
02:40
Now you've probably heard about the Porcupine caribou herd
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現在，你可能聽說過豪豬馴鹿群，
02:42
in the context of its breeding ground
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將北極國家野生動物保護區
02:44
in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
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做為繁殖的地方。
02:46
Well, the wintering ground is also critical
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嗯，越冬地也是很關鍵的，
02:48
and it also is not protected,
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它也沒有受到保護，
02:51
and is potentially, could be potentially, exploited
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很有可能會被用來
02:54
for gas and mineral rights.
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開發天然氣和礦物。
02:58
The western border of the boreal in British Columbia
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在不列顛哥倫比亞省（British Columbia）的西部邊界，
03:00
is marked by the Coast Mountains,
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以其海岸山脈最為著名，
03:02
and on the other side of those mountains
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而在那些山脈的另外一邊
03:04
is the greatest remaining temperate rainforest in the world,
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是世上最大溫帶雨林，
03:06
the Great Bear Rainforest,
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大熊雨林，
03:08
and we'll discuss that in a few minutes in a bit more detail.
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這個部分我們等會兒會詳細討論。
03:11
All across the boreal, it's home for a huge
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在整片針葉林裡，
03:14
incredible range of indigenous peoples,
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住著許許多多的原住民，
03:17
and a rich and varied culture.
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蘊含多種不同的豐富文化。
03:21
And I think that one of the reasons why
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我認為
03:23
so many of these groups have retained a link to the past,
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許多族群還保留著其與過去的聯繫
03:27
know their native languages,
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了解他們的母語、
03:28
the songs, the dances, the traditions,
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歌曲、舞蹈、和傳統的原因是，
03:31
I think part of that reason is because of the remoteness,
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在我看來，有部份是因為這裡地處偏遠，
03:34
the span and the wilderness
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以及幅員廣大
03:36
of this almost 95 percent intact ecosystem.
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近 95% 保持完好的生態系統。
03:40
And I think particularly now,
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我覺得，特別是現在，
03:42
as we see ourselves in a time of environmental crisis,
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我們已知身處環境危機中，
03:45
we can learn so much from these people
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我們能從在這個生態系統中
03:47
who have lived so sustainably in this ecosystem
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居住了上萬年之久的
03:49
for over 10,000 years.
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居民身上學到很多。
03:52
In the heart of this ecosystem is the very antithesis
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在這個生態系統的正中心
你可以看到
你可以看到
03:55
of all of these values that we've been talking about,
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和我們所談的價植觀對立的畫面。
03:58
and I think these are some of the core values
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而我認為這些價值
04:00
that make us proud to be Canadians.
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正是讓我們加拿大人
引以為傲的核心價值。
引以為傲的核心價值。
04:02
This is the Alberta tar sands,
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這是亞伯達省（Alberta）焦油沙，
04:03
the largest oil reserves on the planet
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它是在沙烏地阿拉伯外
04:07
outside of Saudi Arabia.
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世上最大的石油資源。
04:09
Trapped underneath the boreal forest
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被困鎖在針葉林
04:11
and wetlands of northern Alberta
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和北亞伯達省的濕地之下的是
04:12
are these vast reserves of this sticky, tar-like bitumen.
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這一大片又黏、焦油狀的瀝青，
04:17
And the mining and the exploitation of that
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對它的開採、開發
04:19
is creating devastation on a scale that the planet has never seen before.
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將造成這個星球從未見過的大規模毀害。
04:26
I want to try to convey some sort of a sense of the size of this.
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我試著說明這個破壞的規模，
04:30
If you look at that truck there,
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如果你看看在那兒的卡車，
04:32
it is the largest truck of its kind of the planet.
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它是世上這類卡車中最大的，
04:34
It is a 400-ton-capacity dump truck
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這是可以受重四百噸的自卸車，
04:37
and its dimensions are 45 feet long
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它的尺寸有 45 英尺長，
04:41
by 35 feet wide and 25 feet high.
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35 英尺寬，25 英尺高，
04:44
If I stand beside that truck,
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如果我站在那輛卡車旁邊，
04:46
my head comes to around the bottom
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我的頭大概只到
04:47
of the yellow part of that hubcap.
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黃色輪轂罩底部的位置。
04:50
Within the dimensions of that truck,
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以那個卡車的尺寸，
04:52
you could build a 3,000-square-foot two-story home
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你可以輕易地蓋一棟兩層
總面積三千平方英尺的房子，
總面積三千平方英尺的房子，
04:56
quite easily. I did the math.
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我計算過了。
04:58
So instead of thinking of that as a truck,
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所以與其把它想成是一輛卡車，
05:00
think of that as a 3,000-square-foot home.
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不如把它看作是一棟
三千平方英尺的房子，
三千平方英尺的房子，
05:03
That's not a bad size home.
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這個房子可不小，
05:05
And line those trucks/homes back and forth
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把那些卡車或房子來來回回地
05:08
across there from the bottom
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排成排，從最下面開始
05:10
all the way to the top.
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一路排到最上面，
05:13
And then think of how large that very small section of one mine is.
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然後設想一下這礦井裡的
一小部份是涵蓋了多大的面積。
一小部份是涵蓋了多大的面積。
05:19
Now, you can apply that same kind of thinking
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現在，你也可以把同樣的思維方式
05:21
here as well.
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套用在這上面。
05:23
Now, here you see -- of course, as you go further on,
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這裡，你可以看到——當然，你越向遠處看，
05:25
these trucks become like a pixel.
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這些卡車就越像一個個像素。
05:27
Again, imagine those all back and forth there.
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再一次，假設那些卡車在那兒來來去去。
05:31
How large is that one portion of a mine?
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這個礦井的一部份會有多大？
05:35
That would be a huge, vast metropolitan area,
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那會是一個巨大的、廣闊的大都市地區，
05:39
probably much larger than the city of Victoria.
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可能比維多利亞市（Victoria）還要大很多，
05:42
And this is just one of a number of mines,
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而這只是許多礦井中的一個。
05:46
10 mines so far right now.
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迄今為止，這裡有十個礦井，
05:48
This is one section of one mining complex,
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這是一個礦井的一部份，
05:50
and there are about another 40 or 50 in the approval process.
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另外還有四十或五十個礦井
正等著批准動工。
正等著批准動工。
05:55
No tar sands mine has actually ever been denied approval,
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事實上，焦油砂礦的開採計劃
從來沒有被拒絕批准過，
從來沒有被拒絕批准過，
05:57
so it is essentially a rubber stamp.
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所以基本上這個審批過程
只是做做樣子而已。
只是做做樣子而已。
06:00
The other method of extraction is what's called the in-situ.
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另一種採礦方法稱為原位法，
06:03
And here, massive amounts of water
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在這裡，大量的水被高溫加熱，
06:06
are super-heated and pumped through the ground,
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經由這些管線、震測線、鑽取路線和壓縮站
06:09
through these vasts networks of pipelines,
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所組成的廣大網絡
06:11
seismic lines, drill paths, compressor stations.
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從地底下抽取出來，
06:15
And even though this looks maybe not quite as repugnant
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雖然這看起來不像礦坑那麼令人厭惡，
06:17
as the mines, it's even more damaging in some ways.
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但在某些方面，它更具有破壞性。
06:21
It impacts and fragments a larger part of the wilderness,
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它不但衝擊、拆碎這片荒野，
06:26
where there is 90 percent reduction of key species,
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使林地馴鹿和灰熊
這些關鍵物種
這些關鍵物種
06:29
like woodland caribou and grizzly bears,
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少了九成，
06:31
and it consumes even more energy, more water,
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而且，這會消耗更多能源，更多水資源，
06:35
and produces at least as much greenhouse gas.
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同時製造許多的溫室氣體。
06:37
So these in-situ developments are at least as
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所以原位法的開發方式
06:40
ecologically damaging as the mines.
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和礦井一樣，都會破壞生態。
06:45
The oil produced from either method
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無論是由這兩種方法中
哪一種所生產出來的石油
哪一種所生產出來的石油
06:47
produces more greenhouse gas emissions than any other oil.
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都會比其它的油
排放更多的溫室氣體，
排放更多的溫室氣體，
06:52
This is one of the reasons why it's called
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這就是為什麼
06:54
the world's dirtiest oil.
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石油會被叫作世上
最髒的油的原因之一，
最髒的油的原因之一，
06:56
It's also one of the reasons why it is
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這也是爲什麽
06:58
the largest and fastest-growing single source
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石油是加拿大
最大也增長最快的碳排放來源
最大也增長最快的碳排放來源
07:01
of carbon in Canada,
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的原因之一。
07:02
and it is also a reason why Canada is now number three
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這也是為什麼加拿大的
07:07
in terms of producing carbon per person.
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人均碳排放量排名世界第三的原因。
07:12
The tailings ponds are the largest toxic impoundments on the planet.
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殘渣池是地球上最大的有毒蓄水池，
07:16
Oil sands -- or rather I should say tar sands --
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油沙，又稱瀝青砂，
07:20
"oil sands" is a P.R.-created term
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「油砂」一詞為波多黎各所創的詞，
07:22
so that the oil companies wouldn't be trying to promote
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這可以讓石油公司不用試著去推銷
07:25
something that sounds like a sticky tar-like substance
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像瀝青一樣黏稠的東西，
07:27
that's the world's dirtiest oil.
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那是世界上最髒的油，
07:30
So they decided to call it oil sands.
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所以他們決定稱之為油砂。
07:32
The tar sands consume more water than any other oil process,
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焦油沙的生產過程比其他油還要耗水。
07:36
three to five barrels of water are taken, polluted
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這個過程要耗三到五桶的水，
07:39
and then returned into tailings ponds,
153
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被汙染過後的水再流回殘渣池，
07:42
the largest toxic impoundments on the planet.
154
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也就是地球上最大的有毒蓄水池。
07:44
SemCrude, just one of the licensees,
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SemCrude 是其中一家領有許可證的公司，
07:46
in just one of their tailings ponds,
156
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2022
單單一個殘渣池
07:48
dumps 250,000 tons of this toxic gunk every single day.
157
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5575
每天就倒入二十五萬噸的有毒物質，
07:54
That's creating the largest toxic impoundments
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2153
就這樣產生了史上
07:56
in the history of the planet.
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1920
最大的有毒蓄水池，
07:58
So far, this is enough toxin
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2497
到目前為止，它的毒素
08:01
to cover the face of Lake Eerie a foot deep.
161
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足以覆蓋伊利湖（Lake Eerie）表面一英尺深，
08:05
And the tailings ponds range in size up to 9,000 acres.
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而且這些殘渣池的面積高達九千英畝之大，
08:10
That's two-thirds the size of the entire island of Manhattan.
163
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4040
這相當於三分之二個曼哈頓島，
08:14
That's like from Wall Street at the southern edge of Manhattan
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2993
就像是從曼哈頓南端的華爾街
08:17
up to maybe 120th Street.
165
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到 120 街的大約距離。
08:19
So this is an absolutely --
166
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1424
所以這絕對是——
08:21
this is one of the larger tailings ponds.
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這是其中一個較大的殘渣池，
08:24
This might be, what? I don't know, half the size of Manhattan.
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這也許是半個曼哈頓島大吧，我也不太清楚，
08:26
And you can see in the context,
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你可以在前面的內容中看到
08:28
it's just a relatively small section
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這僅是十個礦井中的
08:29
of one of 10 mining complexes and another 40 to 50
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冰山一角而已，
08:34
on stream to be approved soon.
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還有其他四五十個即將投入生產。
08:37
And of course, these tailings ponds --
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可以肯定的是，這些殘渣池——
08:40
well, you can't see many ponds from outer space
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2712
嗯，你是無法從外太空看到有多少池子，
08:43
and you can see these, so maybe we should stop calling them ponds --
175
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2768
但是你可以看得到這些池子，
也許我們不該再稱它們池子了——
也許我們不該再稱它們池子了——
08:46
these massive toxic wastelands are built
176
510325
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這些廣大且錯綜的有毒濕地
未經防護阻隔，
未經防護阻隔，
08:50
unlined and on the banks of the Athabasca River.
177
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3346
遍布於阿薩巴斯卡河邊，
08:54
And the Athabasca River drains downstream
178
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1944
而阿薩巴斯卡河水流向下游
08:56
to a range of Aboriginal communities.
179
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2194
流到原住民居住的社區。
08:58
In Fort Chippewa, the 800 people there,
180
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在奇標揚堡（Fort Chippewa）那兒有八百人
09:00
are finding toxins in the food chain,
181
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在食物鏈裡發現毒素，
09:03
this has been scientifically proven.
182
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2112
這已經獲得科學證實了。
09:05
The tar sands toxins are in the food chain,
183
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2057
焦油沙的毒素已經進入食物鏈，
09:07
and this is causing cancer rates
184
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1985
這會讓他們比其他加拿大人
09:09
up to 10 times what they are in the rest of Canada.
185
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4030
擁有高出十倍的罹患癌症的比率。
09:13
In spite of that, people have to live,
186
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2305
即便如此，人們還是必須生活，
09:15
have to eat this food in order to survive.
187
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3154
必須吃這些食物維生。
09:18
The incredibly high price
188
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1909
高成本的空運食物
09:20
of flying food into these remote Northern Aboriginal communities
189
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3544
運到偏遠的原住民社區，
09:24
and the high rate of unemployment
190
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2001
和高失業率
09:26
makes this an absolute necessity for survival.
191
550406
3115
使得這些有毒的食物
成為必要的生存所需。
成為必要的生存所需。
09:29
And not that many years ago, I was lent a boat by a First Nations man.
192
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3597
幾年前，一位原住民男子借我一艘船
09:33
And he said, "When you go out on the river,
193
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2663
他說：「划船出去時，
09:35
do not under any circumstances eat the fish.
194
559781
3418
不管在任何情況下，都不要吃魚
09:39
It's carcinogenic."
195
563199
1867
這魚含有致癌物質。」
09:40
And yet, on the front porch of that man's cabin,
196
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4397
然而，在那男子住處的門廊，
09:45
I saw four fish. He had to feed his family to survive.
197
569463
4024
我看到四條魚，他必須養活一家。
09:49
And as a parent, I just can't imagine what that does to your soul.
198
573487
6911
身為父親的我，無法想像這情形
對你心靈會造成什麼影響，
對你心靈會造成什麼影響，
09:56
And that's what we're doing.
199
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2617
這就是我們幹的好事。
09:58
The boreal forest is also
200
583015
3488
針葉林或許也是
10:02
perhaps our best defense against global warming and climate change.
201
586503
4383
我們對抗全球暖化以及氣候變遷的最佳防禦。
10:06
The boreal forest sequesters more carbon
202
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2808
比起其他的陸地生態系統，
10:09
than any other terrestrial ecosystem.
203
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3472
針葉林還能吸附更多碳，
10:13
And this is absolutely key.
204
597166
2768
因此針葉林非常重要。
10:15
So what we're doing is,
205
599934
1672
所以我們所做的是
10:17
we're taking the most concentrated greenhouse gas sink,
206
601606
5015
讓最集中的溫室氣體降低
10:22
twice as much greenhouse gases are sequestered in
207
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3453
針葉林每英畝所吸收的溫室氣體
10:25
the boreal per acre than the tropical rainforests.
208
610074
3839
是熱帶雨林的兩倍。
10:29
And what we're doing is we're destroying
209
613913
2243
而我們現在所做的是
10:32
this carbon sink, turning it into a carbon bomb.
210
616156
3155
破壞碳匯，讓碳匯變成碳炸彈。
10:35
And we're replacing that with the largest
211
619311
2433
我們把它變成
10:37
industrial project in the history of the world,
212
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2112
世界史上最大的工業工程，
10:39
which is producing the most high-carbon
213
623856
2702
這工程正在製造最多碳排放
10:42
greenhouse gas emitting oil in the world.
214
626558
4469
以及最多溫室氣體的油。
10:46
And we're doing this on the second largest
215
631027
2369
而我們在世上第二大的
10:49
oil reserves on the planet.
216
633396
2787
儲油地做這事。
10:52
This is one of the reasons why Canada,
217
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2072
這就是加拿大這個原本的氣候英雄
10:54
originally a climate change hero --
218
638255
1475
會變成現在這樣的原因——
10:55
we were one of the first signatories of the Kyoto Accord.
219
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3510
我們是第一個簽署京都議定書的國家之一，
10:59
Now we're the country that has full-time lobbyists
220
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2174
但現在我們在歐盟和美國
11:01
in the European Union and Washington, D.C.
221
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3332
有專職的說客，
11:04
threatening trade wars when these countries
222
648746
3153
我們以貿易戰威脅它們，
11:07
talk about wanting to bring in positive legislation
223
651899
3649
在它們想立法限制
11:11
to limit the import of high-carbon fuels,
224
655548
2423
那些會排放
11:13
of greenhouse gas emissions, anything like this,
225
657971
3752
溫室氣體的高碳燃料進口之際。
11:17
at international conferences,
226
661723
1760
在國際會議裡，
11:19
whether they're in Copenhagen or Cancun,
227
663483
2677
不管是哥本哈根或是坎昆的
11:22
international conferences on climate change,
228
666160
2487
國際氣候變遷會議，
11:24
we're the country that gets the dinosaur award
229
668647
2040
我們都得到恐龍獎，
11:26
every single day as being the biggest obstacle
230
670687
2544
成為每天促使這個議題
11:29
to progress on this issue.
231
673231
4015
進展的最大阻礙
11:33
Just 70 miles downstream
232
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2032
就在下游七十英里，
11:35
is the world's largest freshwater delta,
233
679278
2297
有世上最大的淡水三角洲，
11:37
the Peace-Athabasca Delta,
234
681575
1815
阿薩巴斯卡河三角洲，
11:39
the only one at the juncture of all four migratory flyways.
235
683390
3784
它是唯一一個地處四個
候鳥遷徙路徑交會的三角洲
候鳥遷徙路徑交會的三角洲
11:43
This is a globally significant wetland,
236
687174
2088
這是地球上極為重要的濕地，
11:45
perhaps the greatest on the planet.
237
689262
1847
也許是這星球上最大的濕地。
11:47
Incredible habitat for half the bird species
238
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3643
它是一個絕妙的棲息地，
11:50
you find in North America, migrating here.
239
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3708
北美二分之一的鳥類會遷移到這裡。
11:54
And also the last refuge for the largest herd of wild bison,
240
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3872
這也是最大野生野牛群最後的避難所，
11:58
and also, of course, critical habitat for another whole range of other species.
241
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5134
此外，當然，這裡也是其他許多物種的重要棲息地。
12:03
But it too is being threatened by the massive amount
242
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3945
但是，它也受到從阿薩巴斯卡河
12:07
of water being drawn from the Athabasca,
243
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2226
大量流水的威脅，
12:09
which feeds these wetlands,
244
713637
2006
這些水滋養這片濕地，
12:11
and also the incredible toxic burden
245
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1823
而這些水，同時也是地球上
12:13
of the largest toxic unlined impoundments on the planet,
246
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2758
最大量且曝露劇毒在外的污染水源，
12:16
which are leaching in to the food chain
247
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2137
它滲透到所有下游的物種
12:18
for all the species downstream.
248
722361
2976
的食物鏈中。
12:21
So as bad as all that is, things are going to get
249
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2144
壞的是，事情變得更糟、更糟了。
12:23
much worse, much, much worse.
250
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2171
壞的是，事情變得更糟、更糟了。
12:25
This is the infrastructure as we see it about now.
251
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2735
我們現在看到的是基礎設施。
12:28
This is what's planned for 2015.
252
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3429
這基礎設施是為了 2015 年所計劃的，
12:31
And you can see here the Keystone Pipeline,
253
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3403
你可以在這裡看到拱心石石油管道，
12:35
which would take tar sands raw down to the Gulf Coast,
254
739219
4519
這管道把焦油沙帶到墨西哥灣沿岸，
12:39
punching a pipeline through the heart,
255
743738
3370
構建一條管道穿過
12:43
the agricultural heart of North America, of the United States,
256
747108
3605
北美洲與美國的農業中心，
12:46
and securing the contract with the dirtiest fuel in the world
257
750713
5144
並且確保由美國來消費
12:51
by consumption of the United States,
258
755857
3193
世界上最骯髒的燃料。
12:54
and promoting a huge disincentive
259
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2855
此舉大大地阻礙了美國未來
12:57
to a sustainable clean energy future for America.
260
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3965
擁有永續、潔淨的能源。
13:01
Here you see the route down the Mackenzie Valley.
261
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5442
在這裡，你看到通往
麥肯齊谷（Mackenzie Valle）的路。
麥肯齊谷（Mackenzie Valle）的路。
13:07
This would put a pipeline to take natural gas
262
771312
2433
這裡會放置一個天然氣管道
13:09
from the Beaufort Sea through the heart
263
773745
2061
從波弗特海（Beaufort Sea）通過
13:11
of the third largest watershed basin in the world,
264
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4128
世上第三大流域的盆地中心，
13:15
and the only one which is 95 percent intact.
265
779934
3072
這是唯一一個仍然
保持了 95% 完好的流域。
保持了 95% 完好的流域。
13:18
And building a pipeline with an industrial highway
266
783006
3572
建造一個有工業用公路的管線
13:22
would change forever this incredible wilderness,
267
786578
3148
將永遠改變這美麗的曠野，
13:25
which is a true rarity on the planet today.
268
789726
5368
這片曠野是地球上真正的珍稀之地。
13:30
So the Great Bear Rainforest is just over
269
795094
2152
大熊雨林就在小山那兒
13:33
the hill there, within a few miles we go from these
270
797246
3693
只須幾英里
13:36
dry boreal forests of 100-year-old trees,
271
800939
3131
我們就可以從這些樹幹也許有 10 英寸寬的
13:39
maybe 10 inches across,
272
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1749
百歲寒溫帶林木群
13:41
and soon we're in the coastal temperate rainforest,
273
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2457
很快地來到沿海的溫帶雨林，
13:44
rain-drenched, 1,000-year-old trees,
274
808276
3650
被雨水澆灌了上千年的樹木，
13:47
20 feet across, a completely different ecosystem.
275
811926
3352
樹幹有 20 英尺寬，這是
一個完全不同的生態系統。
一個完全不同的生態系統。
13:51
And the Great Bear Rainforest is generally considered
276
815278
2007
一般來說，大熊雨林被認為是
13:53
to be the largest coastal temperate rainforest
277
817285
2563
世上最大的
13:55
ecosystem in the world.
278
819848
1806
沿海溫帶雨林生態系統，
13:57
Some of the greatest densities of,
279
821654
1744
一個擁有最大密度
13:59
some of the most iconic and threatened species on the planet,
280
823398
4220
星球上最具指標性、
瀕危物種的森林，
瀕危物種的森林，
14:03
and yet there's a proposal, of course, to build a pipeline
281
827618
4536
然而，卻有一項要修建管道的提案。
14:08
to take huge tankers, 10 times the size of the Exxon Valdez,
282
832154
4011
要讓巨型油輪，比埃克森．伐耳迪茲
還大十倍的巨型油輪，
還大十倍的巨型油輪，
14:12
through some of the most difficult to navigate waters in the world,
283
836165
3465
通過一個
世上最難航行的水域之一，
世上最難航行的水域之一，
14:15
where only just a few years ago,
284
839630
1759
在那兒，僅僅在幾年前，
14:17
a B.C. ferry ran aground.
285
841389
2545
一艘卑詩渡輪擱淺在那。
14:19
When one of these tar sands tankers,
286
843934
2040
當其中一艘油砂油輪
14:21
carrying the dirtiest oil, 10 times as much as the Exxon Valdez,
287
845974
3991
容量有埃克森．伐耳迪茲的十倍大
載著最骯髒的油，
載著最骯髒的油，
14:25
eventually hits a rock and goes down,
288
849965
2065
萬一撞到岩石、下沉，
14:27
we're going to have one of the worst ecological disasters
289
852030
2297
我們將會面臨這個星球上
14:30
this planet has ever seen.
290
854327
3391
最嚴重的生態災難之一。
14:33
And here we have the plan out to 2030.
291
857718
3039
這裡我們有了到 2030 年的計畫。
14:36
What they're proposing is an almost four-times increase in production,
292
860757
4387
他們的提議是增加
近乎四倍的生產，
近乎四倍的生產，
14:41
and that would industrialize an area the size of Florida.
293
865144
4880
而那將工業化這個
有佛羅里達州大小的地區，
有佛羅里達州大小的地區，
14:45
In doing so, we'll be removing
294
870024
2277
爲了這樣做，我們將移除
14:48
a large part of our greatest carbon sink
295
872301
2741
我們最大碳匯當中的很大一部分
14:50
and replacing it with the most high greenhouse gas
296
875042
3616
把它替換為在未來
14:54
emission oil in the future.
297
878658
2822
最高溫室氣體排放的油產。
14:57
The world does not need any more tar mines.
298
881480
3656
這個世界不需要任何更多的焦油礦，
15:01
The world does not need any more pipelines
299
885136
3026
這個世界不需要任何更多的管道
15:04
to wed our addiction to fossil fuels.
300
888162
3679
來滿足我們對化石燃料的癮頭。
15:07
And the world certainly does not need
301
891841
1871
這個世界也當然不需要
15:09
the largest toxic impoundments to grow and multiply
302
893712
2874
最大的有毒蓄水池，
這池子將會生長、繁殖、
這池子將會生長、繁殖、
15:12
and further threaten the downstream communities.
303
896586
2340
並進一步威脅到下游的社區。
15:14
And let's face it, we all live downstream
304
898926
1970
讓我們面對它，我們都生活在全球暖化
15:16
in an era of global warming and climate change.
305
900896
3825
和氣候變遷時代的下游地區。
15:20
What we need, is we all need to act
306
904721
3104
我們所需要的是一起採取行動
15:23
to ensure that Canada respects
307
907825
1920
以確保加拿大尊重
15:25
the massive amounts of freshwater
308
909745
2720
國家所擁有的
15:28
that we hold in this country.
309
912465
2384
大量淡水資源
15:30
We need to ensure that these wetlands and forests
310
914849
2456
我們需要確保這些濕地和森林
15:33
that are our best and greatest and most critical
311
917305
2616
在我們面對全球暖化時
15:35
defense against global warming are protected,
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是我們最好、最大和最關鍵的防禦堡壘，
15:38
and we are not releasing that carbon bomb into the atmosphere.
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而且我們也不會在大氣放碳炸彈。
15:43
And we need to all gather together
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我們必須讓所有人聚集在一起
15:45
and say no to the tar sands.
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對焦油沙說不。
15:48
And we can do that. There is a huge network
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我們做得到，有一個存在於世界各地
15:50
all over the world fighting to stop this project.
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的巨大網絡正與之相抗，
以讓這個專案停下來，
以讓這個專案停下來，
15:54
And I quite simply think that this is not
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我就是認為
15:57
something that should be decided just in Canada.
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這不應該只是個在加拿大裡頭
所決定的事。
所決定的事。
16:00
Everyone in this room, everyone across Canada,
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每個在這房間裡的人、
每個在加拿大的人、
每個在加拿大的人、
16:02
everyone listening to this presentation has a role to play
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每個聽這演說的人都可以發揮作用
16:05
and, I think, a responsibility.
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並且盡一份責任。
16:07
Because what we do here
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因為我們在這裡所做的事
16:09
is going to change our history,
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將改變我們的歷史，
16:13
it's going to color our possibility to survive,
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它會增豔我們生存的可能性，
16:15
and for our children to survive
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並讓我們的孩子增加存活的機會，
16:17
and have a rich future.
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並且擁有一個豐富的未來。
16:21
We have an incredible gift in the boreal,
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我們在北方有一份絕佳的禮物，
16:23
an incredible opportunity to preserve
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一個難得的機會
16:25
our best defense against global warming,
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可以預防、抵抗全球暖化，
16:28
but we could let that slip away.
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但我們可能讓那機會溜走。
16:31
The tar sands could threaten
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焦油沙可能不僅威脅著
16:33
not just a large section of the boreal.
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北方一大片領土，
16:35
It compromises the life and the health
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它也危及了一些
16:38
of some of our most underprivileged and vulnerable people,
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最貧困、最脆弱人們
的生命和健康，
的生命和健康，
16:42
the Aboriginal communities that have so much to teach us.
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那些是能夠教導我們許多的
原住民朋友。
原住民朋友。
16:46
It could destroy the Athabasca Delta,
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它可以摧毀阿薩巴斯卡三角洲，
16:49
the largest and possibly greatest freshwater delta in the planet.
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可能是地球上最大的淡水三角洲。
16:54
It could destroy the Great Bear Rainforest,
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它可以摧毀大熊雨林，
16:57
the largest temperate rainforest in the world.
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世上最大的溫帶雨林。
17:00
And it could have huge impacts
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它可能對未來北美地區
17:02
on the future of the agricultural heartland of North America.
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農業中心影響甚巨。
17:07
I hope that you will all, if you've been moved by this presentation,
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如果你對這個演說感觸良多的話
17:09
join with the growing international community
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我希望你們
加入這個日益增長的國際社群
加入這個日益增長的國際社群
17:12
to get Canada to step up to its responsibilities,
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要求加拿大履行其職責，
17:16
to convince Canada to go back to being a climate change champion
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說服加拿大回到過去那
抵禦氣候變遷的冠軍角色，
抵禦氣候變遷的冠軍角色，
17:20
instead of a climate change villain,
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而不是成為氣候變遷的惡棍，
17:22
and to say no to the tar sands,
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同時，對油砂說不，
17:24
and yes to a clean energy future for all.
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並且支持所有未來的清潔能源。
17:27
Thank you so much.
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謝謝！
17:28
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Garth Lenz - PhotographerGarth Lenz’ touring exhibition, “The True Cost of Oil”, has played a major part in the fight against Alberta Tar Sands Mining.
Why you should listen
Garth Lenz’s photographs capture the detailed reality of what happens when a pristine landscape is confronted by an industrial project. His work as a photojournalist has won him top awards at Pris de la Photographie Paris and the International Photography Awards. He is also a fellow of the International League of Conservation Photographers. His solo exhibition featuring the Alberta Tar Sands, “The True Cost of Oil” premiered in 2011.
Garth Lenz | Speaker | TED.com