ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.

Why you should listen

David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.

On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.

More profile about the speaker
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com
TED-Ed

David Gallo: Deep ocean mysteries and wonders

Filmed:
862,133 views

In the deepest, darkest parts of the oceans are ecosystems with more diversity than a tropical rainforest. Taking us on a voyage into the ocean -- from the deepest trenches to the remains of Titanic -- marine biologist David Gallo explores the wonder and beauty of marine life. Find more TED-Ed videos on our new YouTube channel: youtube.com/TEDEd.
- Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

你知道嗎,因為我是過動兒,求學過程真是受盡苦頭
00:14
You know, I had a real真實 rough time
in school學校 with ADD,
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但我還是拿到了博士學位
00:17
and I have a PhD博士.
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雖然我拿到博士,但是要我專心讀那些
00:18
I earned a PhD博士, but ...
tough強硬 to pay工資 attention注意 --
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00:21
biology生物學, geology地質學, physics物理,
chemistry化學 -- really tough強硬 for me.
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生物、地質、物理、化學 -- 還真的很難
只有一件事抓住了我的注意力
00:24
Only one thing grabbed抓起 my attention注意,
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就是這個叫做地球的行星
00:26
and it's that planet行星 called Earth地球.
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00:30
But in this picture圖片 here,
you'll你會 see that Earth地球 is mostly大多 water.
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但是在這張照片裡你看到的
地球大部份是水 -- 那是太平洋
00:33
That's the Pacific和平的.
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地球的百分之七十都被水覆蓋。你可以宣稱
00:34
Seventy七十 percent百分 of Earth地球
is covered覆蓋 with water.
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00:36
You can say, "Hey,
I know Earth地球. I live生活 here."
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「嘿!我知道地球啊!我就住在這裡。」
00:38
You don't know Earth地球.
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但你真的不了解地球
00:40
You don't know this planet行星,
because most of it's covered覆蓋 with that --
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你不了解這個星球,因為它大部分都被那個蓋住了 --
平均深度是二哩
00:43
average平均 depth深度, two miles英里.
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00:44
And when you go outside
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你到外面抬頭看看
00:45
and look up at the Empire帝國 State
Building建造, Chrysler克萊斯勒 Building建造,
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像帝國大廈,克萊斯勒大樓這樣的建築物
海洋的平均深度是15座這樣的
00:48
the average平均 depth深度 of the ocean海洋
is 15 of those on top最佳 of one another另一個.
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建築物加起來這麼深
00:52
We've我們已經 explored探討 about five percent百分
of what's in that water.
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我們已經探索水裡大約百分之五的東西
00:55
"Explored探討," meaning含義, for the first time,
go peek窺視 and see what's there.
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「探索」的意思也不過就是初步地看看那裡到底有什麼
所以我今天要做的是,我想讓你們看看
00:59
So what I want to do today今天
is show顯示 you some things
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一些關於這個星球,關於海洋的東西
01:01
about this planet行星, about the oceans海洋.
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01:03
I want to take you from shallow water
down to the deep water,
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我想要帶著你從淺水到深海
希望你能像我一樣,看見一些東西
01:06
and hopefully希望, like me,
you'll你會 see some things
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讓你迷上探索地球
01:09
that get you hooked迷上
on exploring探索 planet行星 Earth地球.
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你們都知道珊瑚吧,你們都看過很多的珊瑚
01:12
You know things like corals珊瑚蟲;
you've seen看到 plenty豐富 of corals珊瑚蟲,
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那些去過海邊浮潛的人
01:15
those of you who've誰一直 been
to the beach海灘, snorkeling浮潛,
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都知道珊瑚區是很了不起的地方
01:17
know corals珊瑚蟲 are an amazing驚人 place地點
to go -- full充分 of life,
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那裡充滿了生命,有大的動物,小的動物,有些很安全
01:20
some big animals動物, small animals動物,
some nice不錯, some dangerous危險,
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有些很危險,鯊魚、鯨魚那些東西
01:23
sharks鯊魚, whales鯨魚, all that stuff東東.
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01:25
They need to be protected保護 from humanity人性.
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應該把牠們列為保護區,不讓人靠近
這些是很棒的地方,但是你可能不知道
01:27
They're great places地方.
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01:28
But what you probably大概 don't know
is in the very deep part部分 of the ocean海洋,
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在深海,在非常深的海洋底下
我們有火山爆發
01:32
we have volcanic火山 eruptions爆發.
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01:33
Most volcanoes火山 on Earth地球
are at the bottom底部 of the sea --
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地球絕大部分的火山都在海底
超過百分之八十 -- 那裡真的有火
01:36
more than 80 percent百分.
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01:37
And we actually其實 have fire,
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在海洋深處現在就有火在燃燒
01:39
fire deep inside the ocean海洋,
going on right now.
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01:41
All over the world世界 -- in the Pacific和平的,
the Atlantic大西洋, the Indian印度人 Ocean海洋.
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在全世界,在太平洋、大西洋和印度洋
在這個地方,海底的石頭變成液狀
01:45
In this place地點, the ocean海洋 floor地板,
the rocks岩石 actually其實 turn to liquid液體.
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所以海底其實是有波浪
01:48
So you actually其實 have waves波浪
on the ocean海洋 floor地板.
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你可能會認為生物不能在那裡存活,但是當我們細看
01:50
You'd say nothing could live生活 there,
but when we look in detail詳情,
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即使在那裡,即使在地球最深最暗的地方,我們仍然發現生命
01:53
even there, in the deepest最深,
darkest最黑暗 places地方 on Earth地球, we find life,
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這告訴我們,地球的生命力真的很強
01:56
which哪一個 tells告訴 us that life
really wants to happen發生.
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所以,真是挺神奇的
01:58
So, pretty漂亮 amazing驚人 stuff東東.
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02:00
Every一切 time we go to the bottom底部 of the sea,
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每次我們去海底
02:02
we explore探索 with our submarines潛艇,
with our robots機器人,
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我們都乘坐潛水艇探險,並使用機器人
通常我們都會看見一些出乎意料的東西
02:05
we see something
that's usually平時 surprising奇怪,
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02:07
sometimes有時 it's startling觸目驚心
and sometimes有時 revolutionary革命的.
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有時候很嚇人,有時候很顛覆傳統思維
02:09
You see that puddle水坑
of water sitting坐在 there.
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你看看那個水坑
有個小懸崖環繞著水坑
02:12
And all around the water
there's a little cliff懸崖,
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還有個小白沙灘
02:14
there's a little white白色 sandy beach海灘.
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我們靠近點看,你可以更清楚地看見那個海灘
02:16
We'll get closer接近, you'll你會 see
the beach海灘 a little bit better,
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水裡有波浪,就在下面
02:19
some of the waves波浪
in that water, down there.
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這灘水的特別之處在於
02:21
The thing that's special特別 about this water
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這裡是在墨西哥灣底
02:23
is that it's at the bottom底部
of the Gulf海灣 of Mexico墨西哥.
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所以你其實是坐在潛水艇裡往窗外看著
02:25
So you're sitting坐在 inside a submarine潛艇,
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02:27
looking out the window窗口
at a little pond池塘 of water beneath下面 the sea.
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這個在海洋深處的小池塘
02:31
We see ponds池塘, we see
lakes湖泊, we see rivers河流 --
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你知道嗎?我們不但看過池塘,還看過湖泊,看過河流
02:35
in fact事實, right here is a river
at the bottom底部 of the ocean海洋
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事實上就在這裡,這裡就是一條海底的河流
從左下方流到右上方
02:37
going from the lower降低
left to the upper right.
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真的有水流經那裡
02:39
Water is actually其實 flowing流動 through通過 there.
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This totally完全 blew自爆 our minds頭腦.
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這完全出乎意料之外:海底怎麼會有這個?
02:43
How can you have this at the bottom底部?
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你在海洋中看著更多的「水」
02:45
You're in the ocean海洋 looking at more water.
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02:47
And there's animals動物
that only live生活 in that water.
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還有那些只能存活在那種水裡的動物
所以在海底 --
02:50
So, the bottom底部 of the ocean海洋 --
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02:52
I love this map地圖, because it shows節目
in the middle中間 of the ocean海洋,
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我很愛這張地圖,因為它畫出在海洋中間有一座山脈
02:55
there's a mountain range範圍.
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那座山脈是地球上最大的山脈
02:56
It's the greatest最大 mountain range範圍
on Earth地球, called the mid-ocean ridge --
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叫做中洋脊 --
綿延五萬哩長,而我們從未好好看過它
02:59
50,000 miles英里 long,
and we've我們已經 hardly幾乎不 had a peek窺視 at it.
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03:03
Hardly幾乎不 had a peek窺視 at it.
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從未好好看過它
我們發現了山谷,成千上萬的山谷
03:04
We find valleys山谷,
many許多 thousands數千 of valleys山谷,
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03:07
larger, wider更寬的, deeper更深
than the Grand盛大 Canyon峽谷.
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比大峽谷還長、還寬、還深
03:10
We find, as I said, underwater水下
lakes湖泊, rivers河流, waterfalls瀑布.
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我們還發現我之前說過的海底湖泊、河流及瀑布
全球最大的瀑布
03:13
The largest最大 waterfall瀑布 on the planet行星
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其實是坐落在靠近冰島的海洋底下
03:14
is actually其實 under the ocean海洋,
up near Iceland冰島.
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這些東西就是那已探索的百分之五
03:17
All that stuff東東 is in that five percent百分
that we've我們已經 explored探討.
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那麼關於海洋的
03:21
So the deal合同 about the ocean海洋
is that to explore探索 it,
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探索關鍵在於你必須要有科技配合
03:23
you've got to have technology技術.
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03:25
Not only technology技術,
but it's not just Dave戴夫 Gallo加洛
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光有科技還不夠,光靠我大衛蓋羅
03:28
or one person exploring探索,
it's a team球隊 of people.
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或類似的單人探險也不夠。這需要一個團隊
你一定要有人才。你一定要有一個團隊
03:30
You've got to have the talent天賦, the team球隊.
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你也得要有科技配合,這裡我指的是我們的船亞特蘭提斯號
03:32
You've got to have the technology技術.
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03:34
In this case案件, it's our ship, Atlantis亞特蘭蒂斯,
and the submarine潛艇, Alvin阿爾文.
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及這個潛水艇阿爾文號
03:37
Inside that submarine潛艇 --
this is an Alvin阿爾文 launch發射 --
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那麼在這個潛水艇裡面 -- 這是阿爾文號下水情況 --
有一個三人團隊。他們正被推到甲板上
03:39
there's three people.
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03:41
They're being存在 wheeled輪式 out onto deck甲板.
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另外還有一個47人的團隊在船上工作
03:42
There's 47 other people,
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the teamwork團隊合作 on that ship,
making製造 sure that these people are okay.
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確保這三人團隊一切安好
在潛水艇上的每一個人現在都在想同一件事:
03:47
Everybody每個人 in that submarine潛艇
is thinking思維 one thing right now:
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我應該再上一次廁所嗎?
03:50
Should I have gone走了
to the bathroom浴室 one more time?
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因為你要在那裡面待十小時 --
03:53
Because you're in there for 10 hours小時 --
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十小時都在那個小空間裡
03:55
10 hours小時 in that little sphere領域.
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只有這三人在一起,沒有別人在你身邊了
03:57
Three of you together一起
and nobody沒有人 is going to be around you.
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04:00
You go into the water
and once一旦 you hit擊中 the water, it's amazing驚人.
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你進到海裡,你一但碰到水,那真是不可思議
04:03
There's a lovely可愛 color顏色 blue藍色
that penetrates滲透 right inside you.
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這漂亮的藍色沈浸入你的身體
你再也聽不到海面上的船聲音
04:06
You don't hear the surface表面 ship anymore,
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你只聽見聲納的脈衝信號
04:08
you hear that pinging查驗 of a sonar聲納.
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04:09
If you've got an iPhone蘋果手機
you've got sonar聲納 on there --
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如果你有一只iPhone,你也會產生這種聲納 --
與那個往下打到海底再反射回來的脈衝信號是一樣的
04:12
it's that same相同 pinging查驗 that goes
down to the bottom底部 and comes back up.
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潛水員會檢查潛水艇四周以確保安全
04:15
Divers潛水夫 check out the sub to make
sure the outside is okay,
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然後他們會說「下水」
04:18
and then they say "Go,"
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下水後你會一路潛到海底,這過程令人嘆為觀止
04:20
and down you go to the bottom底部
of the ocean海洋 and it's an amazing驚人 trip.
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所以你以兩個半小時的時間潛沈到海底
04:23
So for two and a half hours小時,
you sink水槽 down to the bottom底部.
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其中有兩個小時是漆黑的
04:26
And two hours小時 of it
is totally完全 pitch瀝青 black黑色.
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04:29
We thought that nothing
could live生活 inside that world世界
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我們都以為沒有東西可以在
海底世界存活
04:31
at the bottom底部 of the ocean海洋.
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但當我們去看的時候,我們發現很奇妙的東西
04:32
And when we look,
we find some amazing驚人 things.
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一路向下潛 -- 我們稱從海面到海底間的水
04:35
All the way down --
we call it the mid-water中水 --
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04:37
from the top最佳 of the ocean海洋
down to the bottom底部, we find life.
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為「中層水」 -- 我們都發現生物存在
無論我們停在哪,都會發現生物
04:40
Whenever每當 we stop and look, we find life.
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我要給大家看看一些水母的畫面,因為
04:42
I'm going to show顯示 you some jellies果凍.
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牠們真的是世界上最酷的生物之一
04:44
They're absolutely絕對 some
of the coolest最酷 creatures生物 on Earth地球.
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看看那隻在揮舞牠的觸器
04:46
Look at that thing,
just flailing揮舞 his arms武器 around.
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那真像一隻小龍蝦
04:49
That's like a little lobster龍蝦.
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那隻很像有好幾隻動物用嘴接在一起
04:50
That one is like all these animals動物
with their mouths嘴巴 hooked迷上 together一起,
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牠們是群居的動物
04:54
the colonial殖民 animals動物.
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有些動物很小,有些則比這個講台還長
04:55
Some animals動物 are tiny,
some can be longer than this stage階段.
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真是令人讚嘆的動物,而且你還不能用網子捕捉牠們
04:58
Just amazing驚人 animals動物.
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04:59
And you can't collect蒐集 them with a net --
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我們還得帶著攝影機親自去那裡觀察
05:01
we have to go with our cameras相機
and take a look at them.
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所以每次我們去都會發現新品種生物
05:03
So every一切 time we go, new species種類 of life.
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05:06
The ocean海洋 is full充分 of life.
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海洋裡充滿了生物
然而最深的海洋 --
05:08
And yet然而 the deepest最深 part部分 of the ocean海洋 --
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當我們去那個洋脊時還發現了溫泉
05:10
when we go to that mountain range範圍,
we find hot springs彈簧.
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我們一度很確信那裡沒有生物,因為那水有毒
05:13
Now we were sure --
because this is poisonous有毒 water,
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也因為它是那麼深,水壓足以把鐵達尼號壓垮
05:15
because it's so deep
it would crush粉碎 the Titanic泰坦尼克號
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就像你可以把手中的空杯子壓扁一樣
05:17
the same相同 way you crush粉碎
an empty cup杯子 in your hand --
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我們真的以為那裡不會有生物了
05:20
we were sure there would be
no life there at all.
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但是我們卻發現了比熱帶雨林還多的生物
05:22
Instead代替, we find more life
and diversity多樣 and density密度
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其多樣性及密度也比熱帶雨林高
05:25
than in the tropical熱帶 rainforest雨林.
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那麼舉個實例,有一次我們往潛水艇窗外一看
05:27
So, in one instance, in one peek窺視
out the window窗口 of the sub,
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我們發現了一個會徹底改變
05:30
we discover發現 something
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05:32
that revolutionizes革命性 the way
we think about life on Earth地球;
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我們對地球生命的想法的東西,就是
05:34
and that is, you don't always
have to have sunlight陽光
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你並不一定要陽光才能讓生物存活
05:37
to get life going.
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海底還有一些大型的動物 -- 有些看起來還很眼熟
05:38
There's big animals動物 down there too,
some that look familiar.
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這玩意叫小飛象,我很愛牠。小飛象棒極了
05:41
That guy's傢伙 called Dumbo小飛象.
I love him. Dumbo's飛飛的 great.
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這傢伙,噢,我真希望我能拍到更多的影像
05:44
This guy -- oh man,
I wish希望 I had more footage鏡頭 of this.
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05:47
We're trying to get an expedition遠征
together一起 to go look at this
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我們很想搞個探險,一起去看看這個東西
希望能在一年內出發
05:49
and maybe in a year we'll have that.
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05:52
Go online線上 and look.
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上網去看吧
05:53
VampyroteuthisVampyroteuthis infernalis黃脛.
The vampire吸血鬼 squid烏賊.
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Vampyroteuthisinfornalis (幽靈蛸拉丁文學名),一般叫吸血鬼烏賊
酷極了
05:56
Incredibly令人難以置信的是 cool.
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05:57
In the darkness黑暗 of the deep sea,
he's got glowing泛著 tentacles觸手,
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在最深最暗的海裡,牠有著發光的觸器
所以我如果像牠一樣靠近你,在黑暗中我把我的手臂伸出
06:00
so if I'm coming未來 at you like him,
I put my arms武器 out in the darkness黑暗
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你只會看到這些小小的發光點圍繞你
06:04
so all you see are little
glowing泛著 things over here.
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但同時我已經靠近你了
06:06
Meanwhile與此同時, I'm coming未來 at you.
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06:07
When he wants to escape逃逸,
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如果牠要逃跑,牠就把這些發光的吸盤
06:09
he's got these glowing泛著 pods
on his butt屁股 that look like eyes眼睛.
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放在屁股上,看起來就像眼睛
屁股上長着發光的眼睛,很酷吧?
06:11
Glowing發光 eyes眼睛 on his butt屁股.
How cool is that?
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06:14
Just an amazing驚人 animal動物.
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真是非常非常奇妙的動物(笑聲)
06:15
(Laughter笑聲)
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吸血鬼烏賊,當牠覺得危險時
06:16
"Vampire吸血鬼" squid烏賊,
because when it gets得到 protective保護的,
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就把背鰭覆蓋自己的身體
06:18
it pulls this black黑色 cape
over its whole整個 body身體,
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捲起來成球狀。不可思議的動物。
06:20
and curls捲髮 up into a ball.
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06:22
Outrageous離譜 animal動物.
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這艘船,這艘「夢幻之船」 -- 在一百年前的
06:24
This ship, "The Ship of Dreams" --
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06:26
a hundred years年份 ago this coming未來 April四月,
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四月這艘船應該抵達紐約
06:28
this ship was supposed應該
to show顯示 up in New York紐約.
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就是鐵達尼號。去年我與人一起領了探險隊去哪裡
06:30
It's the Titanic泰坦尼克號.
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06:32
I co-led共同領導 an expedition遠征
out there last year.
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我們從這艘船上學到了好多東西
06:34
We are learning學習 so much about that ship.
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鐵達尼號對生物學而言是個很有趣的地方
06:36
The Titanic泰坦尼克號 is an interesting有趣
place地點 for biology生物學,
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06:38
because animals動物 are moving移動
in to live生活 on the Titanic泰坦尼克號.
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因為動物搬到鐵達尼號去住了
微生物正在腐蝕鐵達尼號的船體
06:42
Microbes微生物 are actually其實
eating the hull船殼 of the Titanic泰坦尼克號.
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這裡就是傑克說自己是世界之王時的鐵達尼號船頭
06:44
That's where Jack插口 was king國王 of the world世界
there on the bow of the Titanic泰坦尼克號.
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所以,我們進展良好,而讓我興奮之處是
06:48
So we're doing real真實 good.
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06:49
And what's exciting扣人心弦 to me
is that we're making製造 a virtual虛擬 Titanic泰坦尼克號,
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有一天我們會作出虛擬的鐵達尼號,你可以坐在家中
06:52
so you can sit there at home
with your joystick操縱桿 and your headset耳機 on,
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搖著搖桿,帶著耳機
親自實際地探索鐵達尼號
06:56
and you can actually其實 explore探索
the Titanic泰坦尼克號 for yourself你自己.
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06:59
That's what we want to do,
make these virtual虛擬 worlds世界,
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這就是我們想做的 --
作出虛擬的世界,所以探險世界不再是我大衛蓋羅
07:01
so it's not Dave戴夫 Gallo加洛 or someone有人 else其他
exploring探索 the world世界; it's you.
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或其他人的工作,而是你自己去做
你自己去探險
07:05
You explore探索 it for yourself你自己.
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那麼以下是我的結論
07:06
So here's這裡的 the bottom底部 line:
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海洋還是「蠻荒之地」
07:08
The oceans海洋 are unexplored未開發
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我無法告訴你這有多重要
07:11
and I can't begin開始 to tell
you how important重要 that is,
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07:13
because they're important重要 to us.
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因為海洋對我們真的很重要
07:15
Seven billion十億 people live生活 on this planet行星
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有七十億人口住在地球
所有的人都被海洋影響著,因為海洋
07:18
and all of us are impacted影響 by the sea,
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07:20
because the oceans海洋 control控制 the air空氣
you breathe呼吸, the water you drink,
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控制著你呼吸的空氣,你喝的水
07:24
the food餐飲 you eat.
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以及你吃的食物
07:25
All those are controlled受控
in some way by the ocean海洋,
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海洋對這些事都有某種程度的影響
而我們對海洋的探勘真的是少之又少 --
07:28
and this is a thing
that we haven't沒有 even explored探討 --
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僅僅百分之五
07:30
five percent百分.
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我想要留給你們的事情
07:32
The thing I want to leave離開 you with is,
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就在我展示的這些很酷的「百分之五」中
07:33
in that five percent百分,
I showed顯示 you some cool stuff東東.
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每次我們去海裡潛水,我們都會發現更多
07:36
There's a lot more cool stuff東東 --
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07:37
every一切 dive潛水 we go on in the ocean海洋,
we find something new about the sea.
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更酷的東西,我們對海洋都有新的發現
07:42
So what's in that other 95 percent百分?
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所以在其他的百分之九十五裡有甚麼?
07:43
Did we get the exciting扣人心弦 stuff東東
or is there more out there?
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我們是已經找到了所有令人興奮的東西,還是還有更多?
我要在這裡告訴大家,海洋充滿了驚喜
07:46
And I'm here to tell you
that the ocean海洋 is full充分 of surprises驚喜.
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07:49
There's a quote引用 I love by Marcel馬塞爾 Proust普魯斯特:
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我很愛一句馬歇爾·普魯士的名言:
07:51
"The true真正 voyage航程 of exploration勘探
is not so much in seeking new landscapes景觀,"
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「真正的探險航行不在發現新大陸」
在這方面,我們的確有發現「新大陸」
07:55
which哪一個 we do,
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「而在於擁有新的眼界。」
07:56
"but in having new eyes眼睛."
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所以今天我希望藉由這些展示
07:57
And so I hope希望 today今天,
by showing展示 you some of this,
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能讓你們以新的眼光來看地球
08:00
it's given特定 you some new eyes眼睛
about this planet行星,
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並且我要你們能首次以不同的角度來思考它
08:02
and for the first time,
I want you to think about it differently不同.
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謝謝。謝謝。
08:05
Thank you very much. Thank you.
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08:07
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Regina Chu
Reviewed by Geoff Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.

Why you should listen

David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.

On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.

More profile about the speaker
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com