ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.

Why you should listen

Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.

What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.

Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.

Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)

Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.

Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.


More profile about the speaker
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com
TED2007

Hans Rosling: New insights on poverty

Hans Rosling 以新的視角解讀當今世界的貧困問題

Filmed:
3,769,031 views

Hans Rosing教授用他的"超酷"的數據庫軟件展示世界各國擺脫貧困的歷程;他帶來的“美元街”展示了不同收入人群的居住條件;不要錯過了他在結束前的驚人演出。
- Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:25
I told you three things last year.
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去年我們講了3個問題
00:27
I told you that the statistics統計 of the world世界
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我們已經談過了
00:30
have not been made製作 properly正確 available可得到.
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世界的統計資料並不為人們所知
00:33
Because of that, we still have the old mindset心態
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所以我們仍錯誤的
00:35
of developing發展 in industrialized工業化 countries國家, which哪一個 is wrong錯誤.
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把世界劃分為發達國家與發展中國家
00:39
And that animated動畫 graphics圖像 can make a difference區別.
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但是新的統計數據動畫技術將引領變革
00:44
Things are changing改變
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變革已經開始
00:46
and today今天, on the United聯合的 Nations國家 Statistic統計 Division Home Page,
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今天,在聯合國統計署的官方網站上
00:50
it says, by first of May可能, full充分 access訪問 to the databases數據庫.
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通告說5月1日以後所有數據庫向公眾開放
00:55
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
00:58
And if I could share分享 the image圖片 with you on the screen屏幕.
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我們一起看大屏幕
01:03
So three things have happened發生.
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(過去1年中)發生了3件事
01:04
U.N. opened打開 their statistic統計 databases數據庫,
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聯合國開放了他們的數據庫
01:07
and we have a new version of the software軟件
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我們的軟件推出了新版本
01:11
up working加工 as a beta公測 on the net,
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其測試版可以在線使用
01:13
so you don't have to download下載 it any longer.
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所以今後大家再也不用下載了
01:16
And let me repeat重複 what you saw last year.
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首先我們回顧一下去年的內容
01:18
The bubbles泡泡 are the countries國家.
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每個球代表一個國家
01:19
Here you have the fertility生育能力 rate -- the number of children孩子 per woman女人 --
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X軸是生育率,每個婦女的育兒數
01:23
and there you have the length長度 of life in years年份.
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Y軸是平均壽命年數
01:27
This is 1950 -- those were the industrialized工業化 countries國家,
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當前數據是1950年,這些是發達國家
01:30
those were developing發展 countries國家.
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這些是發展中國家
01:31
At that time there was a "we" and "them."
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那時世界是由“我們和他們”構成的
01:33
There was a huge巨大 difference區別 in the world世界.
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那時候各國差距很大
01:35
But then it changed, and it went on quite相當 well.
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後來世界往好的方向上改變了
01:39
And this is what happens發生.
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這就是變化的過程
01:41
You can see how China中國 is the red, big bubble泡沫.
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那個大的紅球代表中國
01:44
The blue藍色 there is India印度.
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而那個大的藍球代表印度
01:45
And they go over all this -- I'm going to try to be
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(今年我想
01:48
a little more serious嚴重 this year in showing展示 you
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稍微嚴肅一些地向你們展示
01:50
how things really changed.
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世界的發展過程)
01:53
And it's Africa非洲 that stands站立 out as the problem問題 down here, doesn't it?
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而這些(小的深藍色球)非洲國家正是問題所在
01:56
Large families家庭 still, and the HIVHIV epidemic疫情
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龐大的家庭,艾滋病流行
01:59
brought down the countries國家 like this.
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導致平均壽命下降
02:01
This is more or less what we saw last year,
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這基本上就是去年我們所講的內容
02:04
and this is how it will go on into the future未來.
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而這是對未來的預測
02:07
And I will talk on, is this possible可能?
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我得說這些只是可能發生的
02:09
Because you see now, I presented呈現 statistics統計 that don't exist存在.
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因為現在我們看到的實際上是不存在的統計數據
02:13
Because this is where we are.
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這是目前的實際情況
02:15
Will it be possible可能 that this will happen發生?
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也許未來的發展會像這樣
02:19
I cover my lifetime一生 here, you know?
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(這段時間)包含了我的人生
02:21
I expect期望 to live生活 100 years年份.
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我期望活到100歲
02:23
And this is where we are today今天.
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這是今天的世界
02:25
Now could we look here instead代替 at the economic經濟 situation情況 in the world世界?
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我們看看世界的經濟情況
02:33
And I would like to show顯示 that against反對 child兒童 survival生存.
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和對應的兒童健康狀況
02:38
We'll swap交換 the axis.
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我們翻轉一下Y軸
02:40
Here you have child兒童 mortality死亡 -- that is, survival生存 --
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現在Y軸是兒童死亡率
02:44
four kids孩子 dying垂死 there, 200 dying垂死 there.
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這裡是千分之四,而那裡是千分之兩百
02:47
And this is GDPGDP per capita人頭 on this axis.
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X軸是人均GDP
02:50
And this was 2007.
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當前是2007年的數據
02:53
And if I go back in time, I've added添加 some historical歷史的 statistics統計 --
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如果我們回到過去,我們增加了一些歷史數據
02:57
here we go, here we go, here we go -- not so much statistics統計 100 years年份 ago.
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100年前沒有多少數據統計
03:03
Some countries國家 still had statistics統計.
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只有少數國家有數據可查
03:05
We are looking down in the archive檔案,
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我們參考了歷史文獻的記載
03:07
and when we are down into 1820,
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現在我們看到的是1820年的數據
03:11
there is only Austria奧地利 and Sweden瑞典 that can produce生產 numbers數字.
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那時只有奧地利和瑞典人識數
03:15
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:18
But they were down here. They had 1,000 dollars美元 per person per year.
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但他們在下邊,每人每年1000美元的收入
03:22
And they lost丟失 one-fifth五分之一 of their kids孩子 before their first birthday生日.
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五分之一的孩子活不到1歲生日
03:26
So this is what happens發生 in the world世界, if we play the entire整個 world世界.
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這就是那時的世界。再看看世界的發展
03:29
How they got slowly慢慢地 richer更豐富 and richer更豐富,
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這些國家慢慢變得富有
03:32
and they add statistics統計.
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另一些國家開始擁有統計數據
03:33
Isn't it beautiful美麗 when they get statistics統計?
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(這些數據是不是很漂亮?
03:35
You see the importance重要性 of that?
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大家發現統計的重要性了吧)
03:37
And here, children孩子 don't live生活 longer.
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但是兒童健康並沒有得到很大的改善
03:39
The last century世紀, 1870, was bad for the kids孩子 in Europe歐洲,
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在19世紀70年代左右,歐洲的孩子們很不幸
03:43
because most of this statistics統計 is Europe歐洲.
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因為這些數據都來自歐洲國家
03:45
It was only by the turn of the century世紀
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直到19世紀與20世紀交替的時候
03:48
that more than 90 percent百分 of the children孩子 survived倖存 their first year.
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90%以上的孩子能慶祝1歲生日
03:51
This is India印度 coming未來 up, with the first data數據 from India印度.
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現在出現的是印度(藍球)
03:54
And this is the United聯合的 States狀態 moving移動 away here, earning盈利 more money.
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而這個(黃球)是美國,人們的錢包越來越鼓
03:59
And we will soon不久 see China中國 coming未來 up in the very far end結束 corner here.
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中國(大的紅球)出現在遠處的角落
04:04
And it moves移動 up with Mao Tse-Tung謝彤 getting得到 health健康,
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毛澤東時代,中國兒童健康不斷改善
04:06
not getting得到 so rich豐富.
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但是收入的增加很緩慢
04:07
There he died死亡, then Deng Xiaoping小平 brings帶來 money.
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毛澤東去世後,鄧小平帶來了金錢
04:10
It moves移動 this way over here.
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中國朝著高收入的方向發展
04:12
And the bubbles泡泡 keep moving移動 up there,
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其他國家也都在發展
04:14
and this is what the world世界 looks容貌 like today今天.
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這就是今天我們的世界
04:16
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
04:22
Let us have a look at the United聯合的 States狀態.
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現在我們看看美國
04:25
We have a function功能 here -- I can tell the world世界, "Stay where you are."
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(新軟件)多了一個選項,可以讓世界(其他國家)靜止
04:29
And I take the United聯合的 States狀態 -- we still want to see the background背景 --
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我們把美國選定,把背景調亮
04:32
I put them up like this, and now we go backwards向後.
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這樣可以看到其他國家
04:35
And we can see that the United聯合的 States狀態
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接著我們回到過去
04:38
goes to the right of the mainstream主流.
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美國始終在主流的右側
04:41
They are on the money side all the time.
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他們總和錢站在同一邊
04:44
And down in 1915, the United聯合的 States狀態 was a neighbor鄰居 of India印度 --
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回到1915年,當時的美國
04:50
present當下, contemporary現代的 India印度.
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和今天的印度差不多
04:52
And that means手段 United聯合的 States狀態 was richer更豐富,
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當時的美國(比今天的印度)更富有
04:54
but lost丟失 more kids孩子 than India印度 is doing today今天, proportionally按比例.
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兒童死亡率卻更高
04:59
And look here -- compare比較 to the Philippines菲律賓 of today今天.
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再看這裡,菲律賓(與美國)相比
05:02
The Philippines菲律賓 of today今天 has almost幾乎 the same相同 economy經濟
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菲律賓今天的經濟水平
05:06
as the United聯合的 States狀態 during the First World世界 War戰爭.
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與一戰時期的美國差不多
05:08
But we have to bring帶來 United聯合的 States狀態 forward前鋒 quite相當 a while
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但美國需要(從一戰後)發展多少年
05:12
to find the same相同 health健康 of the United聯合的 States狀態
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才能達到菲律賓今天的兒童健康水平呢
05:15
as we have in the Philippines菲律賓.
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才能達到菲律賓今天的兒童健康水平呢
05:17
About 1957 here, the health健康 of the United聯合的 States狀態
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直到1957年,美國的兒童健康水平
05:20
is the same相同 as the Philippines菲律賓.
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才和今天的菲律賓一樣
05:22
And this is the drama戲劇 of this world世界 which哪一個 many許多 call globalized全球化,
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這就是世界發展的劇本,很多人稱之為“全球化”
05:25
is that Asia亞洲, Arabic阿拉伯 countries國家, Latin拉丁 America美國,
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也就是說在亞洲,阿拉伯國家和拉丁美洲
05:28
are much more ahead in being存在 healthy健康, educated博學,
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其健康和教育水平的發展速度
05:33
having human人的 resources資源 than they are economically經濟.
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遠超過了經濟發展的速度
05:36
There's a discrepancy差異 in what's happening事件 today今天
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而在今天的新興國家中
05:38
in the emerging新興 economies經濟.
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發展的差異
05:40
There now, social社會 benefits好處, social社會 progress進展,
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更多的體現在社會的進步
05:44
are going ahead of economical經濟 progress進展.
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而不是經濟的發展
05:47
And 1957 -- the United聯合的 States狀態 had the same相同 economy經濟 as Chile智利 has today今天.
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1957年美國的經濟水平與今天的智利相近
05:54
And how long do we have to bring帶來 United聯合的 States狀態
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但美國需要發展多少年
05:57
to get the same相同 health健康 as Chile智利 has today今天?
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才能達到智利今天的兒童健康水平呢
06:00
I think we have to go, there -- we have 2001, or 2002 --
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(我們要等到)2002年
06:05
the United聯合的 States狀態 has the same相同 health健康 as Chile智利.
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美國的兒童健康水平才和今天的智利一樣
06:07
Chile's智利 catching up!
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智利已經趕上來了!
06:09
Within some years年份 Chile智利 may可能 have better child兒童 survival生存
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幾年後智利的兒童健康
06:11
than the United聯合的 States狀態.
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可能會超過美國
06:13
This is really a change更改, that you have this lag落後
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這真是很大的變化,在不同的國家
06:16
of more or less 30, 40 years'年份' difference區別 on the health健康.
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經濟發展和健康水平的差距有30,40年
06:21
And behind背後 the health健康 is the educational教育性 level水平.
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而在這個背後,有教育的差距
06:23
And there's a lot of infrastructure基礎設施 things,
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還有基礎設施的差距
06:25
and general一般 human人的 resources資源 are there.
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以及人力資源的差距等等
06:28
Now we can take away this --
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我們現在把其他國家去掉
06:31
and I would like to show顯示 you the rate of speed速度,
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再來看看不同的國家
06:35
the rate of change更改, how fast快速 they have gone走了.
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其發展速度有怎樣的差異
06:38
And we go back to 1920, and I want to look at Japan日本.
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回到1920年,先選定日本
06:46
And I want to look at Sweden瑞典 and the United聯合的 States狀態.
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選定瑞典和美國
06:49
And I'm going to stage階段 a race種族 here
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我們將舉辦一場車賽
06:51
between之間 this sort分類 of yellowish淡黃 Ford here
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選手分別是黃色的福特車(美國)
06:54
and the red Toyota豐田 down there,
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紅色的豐田車(日本)
06:56
and the brownish呈褐色的 Volvo沃爾沃.
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和棕色的沃爾沃車(瑞典)
06:58
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:00
And here we go. Here we go.
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比賽開始
07:02
The Toyota豐田 has a very bad start開始 down here, you can see,
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豐田車啟動時的表現很差
07:05
and the United聯合的 States狀態 Ford is going off-road越野 there.
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福特車駛出了賽道
07:08
And the Volvo沃爾沃 is doing quite相當 fine.
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沃爾沃表現的很不錯
07:09
This is the war戰爭. The Toyota豐田 got off track跟踪, and now
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二戰時,豐田車跑到了賽道外
07:11
the Toyota豐田 is coming未來 on the healthier健康 side of Sweden瑞典 --
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但它(很快調整好)並在健康水平高於瑞典的一側運行
07:14
can you see that?
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但它(很快調整好)並在健康水平高於瑞典的一側運行
07:15
And they are taking服用 over Sweden瑞典,
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現在它的健康水平
07:16
and they are now healthier健康 than Sweden瑞典.
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已經超過了瑞典
07:18
That's the part部分 where I sold出售 the Volvo沃爾沃 and bought the Toyota豐田.
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就在那一年我把自己的沃爾沃換成了豐田車
07:20
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:23
And now we can see that the rate of change更改 was enormous巨大 in Japan日本.
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我們看到日本的變化速度是驚人的
07:27
They really caught抓住 up.
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他們確實赶超了上來
07:29
And this changes變化 gradually逐漸.
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但是這種變化是逐步發生的
07:31
We have to look over generations to understand理解 it.
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要經歷好幾代人的時間才能理解這種變化
07:34
And let me show顯示 you my own擁有 sort分類 of family家庭 history歷史 --
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下面把我的家族史展示給大家看一下
07:39
we made製作 these graphs here.
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(這張圖代表今天的世界)
07:41
And this is the same相同 thing, money down there, and health健康, you know?
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Y軸代表健康水平,X軸是收入
07:45
And this is my family家庭.
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(這根紅線)代表了我的家族
07:48
This is Sweden瑞典, 1830, when my great-great-grandma偉大偉大的祖母 was born天生.
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這裡是1830年的瑞典,我的曾曾祖母出生於這一年
07:53
Sweden瑞典 was like Sierra內華達 Leone塞拉利昂 today今天.
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1830年的瑞典和今天的塞拉利昂一樣
07:56
And this is when great-grandma偉大的奶奶 was born天生, 1863.
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我的曾祖母生於1863年
08:00
And Sweden瑞典 was like Mozambique莫桑比克.
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1863年的瑞典和今天的莫桑比克一樣
08:02
And this is when my grandma奶奶 was born天生, 1891.
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我的祖母生於1891年
08:04
She took care關心 of me as a child兒童,
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是她看著我長大的
08:06
so I'm not talking about statistic統計 now --
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現在我給大家講述的不是統計數據
08:08
now it's oral口服 history歷史 in my family家庭.
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而是我本人的家族歷史
08:11
That's when I believe statistics統計,
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我之所以相信這些統計數據
08:12
when it's grandma-verified奶奶驗證 statistics統計.
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是因為我的祖母證實了這些數據的真實性
08:15
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
08:18
I think it's the best最好 way of verifying驗證 historical歷史的 statistics統計.
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我認為祖母最適合於驗證數據真實性
08:21
Sweden瑞典 was like Ghana加納.
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1891年的瑞典和今天的嘎納一樣
08:22
It's interesting有趣 to see the enormous巨大 diversity多樣
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可見在撒哈拉以南非洲地區
08:25
within sub-Saharan撒哈拉以南 Africa非洲.
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國家間的差異非常巨大
08:28
I told you last year, I'll tell you again,
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(我們再來回顧一下去年的內容)
08:30
my mother母親 was born天生 in Egypt埃及, and I -- who am I?
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我母親出生於(今天的)埃及
08:33
I'm the Mexican墨西哥人 in the family家庭.
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我是家裡的墨西哥人
08:35
And my daughter女兒, she was born天生 in Chile智利,
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我女兒出生於(今天的)智利
08:37
and the grand-daughter孫女 was born天生 in Singapore新加坡,
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我的孫女則出生在(今天的)新加坡
08:39
now the healthiest健康 country國家 on this Earth地球.
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新加坡是目前世界上最健康的國家
08:41
It bypassed繞過 Sweden瑞典 about two to three years年份 ago,
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其兒童健康水平在2,3年前
08:43
with better child兒童 survival生存.
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超過了瑞典
08:45
But they're very small, you know?
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但新加坡是個小地方
08:46
They're so close to the hospital醫院 we can never
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人們住的地方和醫院很近
08:48
beat擊敗 them out in these forests森林.
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把他們搬到瑞典的森林地區再比比看
08:49
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
08:52
But homage尊敬 to Singapore新加坡.
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但還是應該向新加坡致敬
08:53
Singapore新加坡 is the best最好 one.
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他們是最健康的國家之一
08:55
Now this looks容貌 also like a very good story故事.
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以上這些看起來很不錯
08:59
But it's not really that easy簡單, that it's all a good story故事.
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但這些好的現像不能代表全部
09:03
Because I have to show顯示 you one of the other facilities設備.
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現在我們調整一下設置
09:06
We can also make the color顏色 here represent代表 the variable變量 --
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把球的顏色重新設置一下,讓顏色表示
09:11
and what am I choosing選擇 here?
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把球的顏色重新設置一下,讓顏色表示
09:12
Carbon-dioxide二氧化碳 emission排放, metric ton per capita人頭.
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CO2人均排放量(公噸)
09:17
This is 1962, and United聯合的 States狀態 was emitting發光 16 tons per person.
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1962年,美國的人均CO2排放量為16噸
09:22
And China中國 was emitting發光 0.6,
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當時的中國人均排放0.6噸
09:24
and India印度 was emitting發光 0.32 tons per capita人頭.
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印度為0.3噸
09:28
And what happens發生 when we moved移動 on?
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後來呢
09:31
Well, you see the nice不錯 story故事 of getting得到 richer更豐富
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各國的經濟和健康均得到了發展
09:33
and getting得到 healthier健康 --
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各國的經濟和健康均得到了發展
09:34
everyone大家 did it at the cost成本 of emission排放 of carbon dioxide二氧化碳.
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同時所有國家的人均CO2排放量都增加了
09:39
There is no one who has doneDONE it so far.
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沒有哪個國家不是如此
09:42
And we don't have all the updated更新 data數據
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手頭上我們沒有更近的數據
09:45
any longer, because this is really hot data數據 today今天.
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因為CO2的數據現在很炙手可熱
09:48
And there we are, 2001.
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最新的數據只有2001年的
09:51
And in the discussion討論 I attended出席 with global全球 leaders領導者, you know,
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上次我參加了一個世界領導人的會議
09:55
many許多 say now the problem問題 is that the emerging新興 economies經濟,
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很多人在埋怨新興國家
09:59
they are getting得到 out too much carbon dioxide二氧化碳.
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說他們排放了太多CO2
10:02
The Minister部長 of the Environment環境 of India印度 said,
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印度環境部的部長說
10:04
"Well, you were the one who caused造成 the problem問題."
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“問題出在你們那裡
10:07
The OECD經合組織 countries國家 -- the high-income高收入 countries國家 --
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經合組織成員國,高收入國家
10:10
they were the ones那些 who caused造成 the climate氣候 change更改.
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是你們導致了氣候的改變
10:13
"But we forgive原諒 you, because you didn't know it.
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但我們原諒你們,因為你們以前並不知情
10:15
But from now on, we count計數 per capita人頭.
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從現在起我們算人均CO2排放量
10:18
From now on we count計數 per capita人頭.
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從現在起我們算人均CO2排放量
10:20
And everyone大家 is responsible主管 for the per capita人頭 emission排放."
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每個國家都應該對自己的人均CO2排放量負責”
10:23
This really shows節目 you, we have not seen看到 good economic經濟
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這裡我們清楚地看到,每個國家的
10:26
and health健康 progress進展 anywhere隨地 in the world世界
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經濟發展和健康的改善
10:28
without destroying銷毀 the climate氣候.
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都是以破壞環境為代價的
10:33
And this is really what has to be changed.
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這亟需改變
10:36
I've been criticized批評 for showing展示 you a too positive image圖片 of the world世界,
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我給大家展示過於樂觀的發展前景,已經招來不少批評
10:39
but I don't think it's like this.
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儘管我不太認同
10:41
The world世界 is quite相當 a messy place地點.
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這是一個亂糟糟的世界
10:43
This we can call Dollar美元 Street.
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現在大家所看到的是“美元街”
10:45
Everyone大家 lives生活 on this street here.
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所有人都住在這條街上
10:47
What they earn here -- what number they live生活 on --
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上面的數字
10:50
is how much they earn per day.
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代表居民每天的收入
10:51
This family家庭 earns收入 about one dollar美元 per day.
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這家人每天收入1美元
10:55
We drive駕駛 up the street here,
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我們駕車往前走
10:56
we find a family家庭 here which哪一個 earns收入 about two to three dollars美元 a day.
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這家人每天收入2-3美元
11:00
And we drive駕駛 away here -- we find the first garden花園 in the street,
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繼續往前走,看到街上第一個帶花園的房子
11:03
and they earn 10 to 50 dollars美元 a day.
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他們家每天收入10-50美元
11:05
And how do they live生活?
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房子裡面是什麼樣子的呢
11:07
If we look at the bed here, we can see
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先看看臥室
11:10
that they sleep睡覺 on a rug地毯 on the floor地板.
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(最窮的一家)睡在地板上
11:13
This is what poverty貧窮 line is --
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這就是貧困線以下的生活
11:15
80 percent百分 of the family家庭 income收入 is just to cover the energy能源 needs需求,
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80%的收入用於基本生活所需的能量和食物
11:18
the food餐飲 for the day.
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80%的收入用於基本生活所需的能量和食物
11:20
This is two to five dollars美元. You have a bed.
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這家人每天收入2-5美元,有床可以睡了
11:23
And here it's a much nicer更好 bedroom臥室, you can see.
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(帶花園的這一家)臥室要好得多
11:26
I lectured演講 on this for Ikea宜家, and they wanted to see
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我給"宜家"僱員們作報告的時候
11:28
the sofa沙發 immediately立即 here.
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他們要求看看沙發
11:30
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
11:32
And this is the sofa沙發, how it will emerge出現 from there.
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這就是(貧困家裡的)沙發
11:36
And the interesting有趣 thing, when you go around here in the photo照片 panorama全景,
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這一家有像樣的沙發,但我們環顧周圍
11:39
you see the family家庭 still sitting坐在 on the floor地板 there.
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會看到他們仍然坐在地板上
11:41
Although雖然 there is a sofa沙發,
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儘管他們有沙發
11:43
if you watch in the kitchen廚房, you can see that
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我們再看看廚房
11:45
the great difference區別 for women婦女 does not come between之間 one to 10 dollars美元.
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日收入1美元和10美元的家庭,廚房條件差不多
11:50
It comes beyond here, when you really can get
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在日收入超過10美元的家裡
11:52
good working加工 conditions條件 in the family家庭.
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廚房的條件才大為改善
11:55
And if you really want to see the difference區別,
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真正的差別其實在廁所
11:57
you look at the toilet廁所 over here.
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大家看這裡
11:59
This can change更改. This can change更改.
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這些是可以改變的
12:01
These are all pictures圖片 and images圖片 from Africa非洲,
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這些圖片來自非洲
12:04
and it can become成為 much better.
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但是(非洲)可以變得更好
12:07
We can get out of poverty貧窮.
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我們可以擺脫貧困
12:09
My own擁有 research研究 has not been in IT or anything like this.
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我以前的研究並不是現在的IT領域
12:12
I spent花費 20 years年份 in interviews面試 with African非洲人 farmers農民
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我在非洲工作了20年,終日奔走於飢餓的非洲農民中間
12:15
who were on the verge邊緣 of famine飢荒.
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我在非洲工作了20年,終日奔走於飢餓的非洲農民中間
12:18
And this is the result結果 of the farmers-needs農民-需求 research研究.
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這張照片記錄了對“農民需求”的一項研究
12:20
The nice不錯 thing here is that you can't see
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有趣的是,你在照片上分辨不出
12:22
who are the researchers研究人員 in this picture圖片.
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誰是研究人員
12:24
That's when research研究 functions功能 in poor較差的 societies社會 --
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在貧困地區開展研究的時候
12:27
you must必須 really live生活 with the people.
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你必須和當地人生活在一起
12:31
When you're in poverty貧窮, everything is about survival生存.
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如果你在貧困線以下,生存就是你的全部
12:35
It's about having food餐飲.
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必須獲得食物
12:37
And these two young年輕 farmers農民, they are girls女孩 now --
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照片裡的2個年輕的農民,她們是女孩
12:39
because the parents父母 are dead from HIVHIV and AIDS艾滋病 --
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因為父母都死於艾滋病
12:43
they discuss討論 with a trained熟練 agronomist農學家.
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她們正和一個農學家交談
12:45
This is one of the best最好 agronomists農學家 in Malawi馬拉維, JunatambeJunatambe KumbiraKumbira,
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他是馬拉維最好的農學家之一,(名字是)Jonathan Mkambira
12:49
and he's discussing討論 what sort分類 of cassava木薯 they will plant --
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他們正在討論種植哪一種cassava
12:51
the best最好 converter變流器 of sunshine陽光 to food餐飲 that man has found發現.
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Cassava是已知的轉化太陽能效率最高的植物
12:55
And they are very, very eagerly眼巴巴 interested有興趣 to get advice忠告,
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農民非常渴望得到建議
12:58
and that's to survive生存 in poverty貧窮.
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這就是貧困線以下的生活
13:01
That's one context上下文.
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另一方面
13:02
Getting入門 out of poverty貧窮.
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(如何)擺脫貧困
13:04
The women婦女 told us one thing. "Get us technology技術.
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照片中的婦女告訴我們:“我們需要技術支持
13:07
We hate討厭 this mortar砂漿, to stand hours小時 and hours小時.
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我們不想用人工磨,連續幾個小時站著
13:10
Get us a mill so that we can mill our flour麵粉,
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給我們電動磨來磨麵粉吧
13:13
then we will be able能夠 to pay工資 for the rest休息 ourselves我們自己."
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我們可以用賣麵粉的錢去買其它東西”
13:16
Technology技術 will bring帶來 you out of poverty貧窮,
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技術支持可以幫助人們脫貧
13:19
but there's a need for a market市場 to get away from poverty貧窮.
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而市場對於人們脫貧也很重要
13:23
And this woman女人 is very happy快樂 now, bringing使 her products製品 to the market市場.
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照片裡的婦女很開心,她正把農產品運到市場上去賣
13:26
But she's very thankful感謝 for the public上市 investment投資 in schooling教育
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她很感謝政府的教育投資
13:28
so she can count計數, and won't慣於 be cheated被騙 when she reaches到達 the market市場.
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她學會了算術,這樣在市場裡不會被騙
13:31
She wants her kid孩子 to be healthy健康, so she can go to the market市場
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她也希望孩子健康,這樣她可以安心去市場
13:34
and doesn't have to stay home.
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而不是在家裡照顧小孩
13:36
And she wants the infrastructure基礎設施 -- it is nice不錯 with a paved鋪砌 road.
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她還希望有基礎設施,有一條鋪好的道路很重要
13:39
It's also good with credit信用.
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另外小額貸款也很有用
13:41
Micro-credits小額貸款 gave her the bicycle自行車, you know.
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小額貸款幫她買了自行車
13:44
And information信息 will tell her when to go to market市場 with which哪一個 product產品.
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她還需要訊息,何時帶何種農產品去市場
13:47
You can do this.
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而這些都是我們能實現的
13:49
I find my experience經驗 from 20 years年份 of Africa非洲 is that
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非洲20年的經歷讓我明白
13:52
the seemingly似乎 impossible不可能 is possible可能.
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看上去不可能的事情,其實是可能的
13:55
Africa非洲 has not doneDONE bad.
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非洲的表現一點也不差
13:57
In 50 years年份 they've他們已經 gone走了 from a pre-Medieval預中世紀 situation情況
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50年時間裡,非洲從中世紀之前的水平
14:00
to a very decent正經 100-year-ago-一年前 Europe歐洲,
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發展為100年前的歐洲
14:03
with a functioning功能 nation國家 and state.
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並建立起國家系統
14:06
I would say that sub-Saharan撒哈拉以南 Africa非洲 has doneDONE best最好 in the world世界
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我想說撒哈拉以南非洲地區在過去的50年中,是發展速度最快的地區
14:09
during the last 50 years年份.
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我想說撒哈拉以南非洲地區在過去的50年中,是發展速度最快的地區
14:10
Because we don't consider考慮 where they came來了 from.
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由於我們沒有考慮非洲的出身
14:12
It's this stupid concept概念 of developing發展 countries國家
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而且錯誤的使用“發展中國家”的理念
14:15
that puts看跌期權 us, Argentina阿根廷 and Mozambique莫桑比克 together一起 50 years年份 ago,
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50年前把阿根廷和莫桑比克歸類在一起
14:18
and says that Mozambique莫桑比克 did worse更差.
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然後得出結論說莫桑比克的發展(比阿根廷)差多了
14:21
We have to know a little more about the world世界.
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我們應該更深入了解這個世界
14:23
I have a neighbor鄰居 who knows知道 200 types類型 of wine紅酒.
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我的鄰居了解200種葡萄酒
14:26
He knows知道 everything.
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他對這些酒瞭如指掌
14:27
He knows知道 the name名稱 of the grape葡萄, the temperature溫度 and everything.
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他知道葡萄的名字,釀酒的溫度
14:29
I only know two types類型 of wine紅酒 -- red and white白色.
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我就知道2種葡萄酒,紅的和白的
14:32
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
14:34
But my neighbor鄰居 only knows知道 two types類型 of countries國家 --
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但是我鄰居就知道2種國家
14:36
industrialized工業化 and developing發展.
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發達國家和發展中國家
14:38
And I know 200, I know about the small data數據.
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我熟悉200個國家,以及他們的歷年數據
14:41
But you can do that.
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這個你也能做到
14:42
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
14:47
But I have to get serious嚴重. And how do you get serious嚴重?
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後面我要嚴肅一些,怎麼嚴肅法呢?
14:49
You make a PowerPoint幻燈片, you know?
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我們需要Power Point
14:51
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
14:56
Homage尊敬 to the Office辦公室 package, no?
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向微軟"Office"致敬!
15:00
What is this, what is this, what am I telling告訴?
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下面我想講一下
15:02
I'm telling告訴 you that there are many許多 dimensions尺寸 of development發展.
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發展的過程是多維的
15:05
Everyone大家 wants your pet寵物 thing.
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每個人都有自己的偏好
15:07
If you are in the corporate企業 sector扇形, you love micro-credit小額信貸.
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如果你為企業部門工作,你會偏愛小額貸款
15:10
If you are fighting戰鬥 in a non-governmental民間 organization組織,
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如果你在非政府組織工作
15:12
you love equity公平 between之間 gender性別.
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你更喜歡討論男女平等
15:15
Or if you are a teacher老師, you'll你會 love UNESCO聯合國教科文組織, and so on.
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如果你是教師,你會首推聯合國教科文組織,等等
15:17
On the global全球 level水平, we have to have more than our own擁有 thing.
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在全球發展的層面,我們的需求其實大同小異
15:19
We need everything.
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這種需求涉及所有領域
15:21
All these things are important重要 for development發展,
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因為它們都是發展的前提
15:23
especially特別 when you just get out of poverty貧窮
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尤其是對於希望脫貧致富的人們
15:25
and you should go towards welfare福利.
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尤其是對於希望脫貧致富的人們
15:28
Now, what we need to think about
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我們要仔細考慮一下
15:30
is, what is a goal目標 for development發展,
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哪些是發展的目標
15:33
and what are the means手段 for development發展?
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哪些是發展的途徑
15:34
Let me first grade年級 what are the most important重要 means手段.
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先看看最重要的途徑
15:38
Economic經濟 growth發展 to me, as a public-health公共衛生 professor教授,
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經濟的發展,對於公共衛生學教授來說這是一切發展的根本
15:40
is the most important重要 thing for development發展
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經濟的發展,對於公共衛生學教授來說這是一切發展的根本
15:44
because it explains說明 80 percent百分 of survival生存.
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因為經濟是生存的基礎
15:47
Governance治理. To have a government政府 which哪一個 functions功能 --
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其次是政府職能,依託一個有效的政府
15:50
that's what brought California加州 out of the misery苦難 of 1850.
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加利福尼亞成功的度過了1850年的艱難時期
15:54
It was the government政府 that made製作 law function功能 finally最後.
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而且政府職能是有效司法體系的基礎
15:58
Education教育, human人的 resources資源 are important重要.
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再然後是教育,人力資源非常重要
16:00
Health健康 is also important重要, but not that much as a mean.
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健康也很重要但不是發展必需的方法
16:04
Environment環境 is important重要.
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環境也比較重要
16:06
Human人的 rights權利 is also important重要, but it just gets得到 one cross交叉.
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還有人權,但作為發展的方法,其分量不重
16:08
Now what about goals目標? Where are we going toward?
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再看發展的目標,我們需要往什麼方向發展
16:11
We are not interested有興趣 in money.
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肯定不是金錢
16:13
Money is not a goal目標.
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經濟發展是最好的發展途徑,但不是發展的目標
16:14
It's the best最好 mean, but I give it zero as a goal目標.
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經濟發展是最好的發展途徑,但不是發展的目標
16:18
Governance治理, well it's fun開玩笑 to vote投票 in a little thing,
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也許有政府職能,能參加選舉固然不錯
16:21
but it's not a goal目標.
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但這不足以成為發展的目標
16:23
And going to school學校, that's not a goal目標, it's a mean.
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接受教育也不是目標,而是發展的途徑
16:27
Health健康 I give two points. I mean it's nice不錯 to be healthy健康
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健康得2分,因為健康的身體很重要
16:29
-- at my age年齡 especially特別 -- you can stand here, you're healthy健康.
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尤其在我這個年齡還可以站在講台上
16:31
And that's good, it gets得到 two plusses加分.
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所以健康得2分
16:33
Environment環境 is very, very crucial關鍵.
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環境也非常重要
16:35
There's nothing for the grandkidgrandkid if you don't save保存 up.
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如果現在不保護環境,我們的子孫將一無所有
16:37
But where are the important重要 goals目標?
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那麼什麼是最重要的發展目標呢
16:39
Of course課程, it's human人的 rights權利.
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當然是人權了
16:41
Human人的 rights權利 is the goal目標,
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人權是發展的核心目標
16:43
but it's not that strong強大 of a mean for achieving實現 development發展.
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儘管這不是發展的必需途徑
16:47
And culture文化. Culture文化 is the most important重要 thing, I would say,
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還有文化,我想把文化放在最重要的位置
16:51
because that's what brings帶來 joy喜悅 to life.
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因為文化給我們的生活帶來歡樂
16:53
That's the value of living活的.
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給生活賦予了意義
16:55
So the seemingly似乎 impossible不可能 is possible可能.
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看上去不可能的事情是可能實現的
16:58
Even African非洲人 countries國家 can achieve實現 this.
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即使是非洲也能做到
17:01
And I've shown顯示 you the shot射擊 where the seemingly似乎 impossible不可能 is possible可能.
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那些圖表已經證明這一點,看上去不可能的事情是可能實現的
17:07
And remember記得, please remember記得 my main主要 message信息,
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這就是今天我的演講最重要的內容
17:11
which哪一個 is this: the seemingly似乎 impossible不可能 is possible可能.
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看上去不可能的事情是可能實現的
17:14
We can have a good world世界.
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明天的世界會更美好
17:16
I showed顯示 you the shots鏡頭, I proved證實 it in the PowerPoint幻燈片,
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在給你們展示了圖表,還有幻燈片之後
17:19
and I think I will convince說服 you also by culture文化.
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我要用最後的內容來說服你們,文化
17:25
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
17:29
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
17:30
Bring帶來 me my sword!
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拿劍來!
17:36
Sword swallowing吞嚥 is from ancient India印度.
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吞劍表演
17:41
It's a cultural文化 expression表達 that for thousands數千 of years年份
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古印度傳承了上千年的傳統表演
17:46
has inspired啟發 human人的 beings眾生 to think beyond the obvious明顯.
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這項表演一直激勵著人們去探索視野之外的世界
17:52
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
17:54
And I will now prove證明 to you that the seemingly似乎 impossible不可能 is possible可能
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今天我也要證明給你們看,看上去不可能的事情是可能實現的
17:59
by taking服用 this piece of steel -- solid固體 steel --
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我將用這把鐵劍,1850年的瑞典軍用刺刀
18:03
this is the army軍隊 bayonet刺刀 from the Swedish瑞典 Army軍隊, 1850,
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我將用這把鐵劍,1850年的瑞典軍用刺刀
18:06
in the last year we had war戰爭.
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(那年瑞典打完了最後一場戰爭)
18:09
And it's all solid固體 steel -- you can hear here.
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大家可以聽一下,貨真價實
18:12
And I'm going to take this blade of steel,
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接著我會將這把鐵劍
18:18
and push it down through通過 my body身體 of blood血液 and flesh,
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穿過我這血肉之軀
18:23
and prove證明 to you that the seemingly似乎 impossible不可能 is possible可能.
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從而向你們證明,看上去不可能的事情是可能實現的
18:28
Can I request請求 a moment時刻 of absolute絕對 silence安靜?
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請大家保持絕對的安靜
18:43
(Applause掌聲)
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www.gapminder.org

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.

Why you should listen

Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.

What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.

Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.

Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)

Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.

Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.


More profile about the speaker
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com