ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael McDaniel - Graphic designer
Michael McDaniel is a graphic designer using his skills to help people in meaningful ways.

Why you should listen

Michael McDaniel has worked on a wide range of projects for clients including MTV, Comcast, AT&T, American Airlines, Best Buy, HP, Sprint and Disney. His designs have been widely recognized; he's received awards from the Society of Environmental Graphic Designers for work at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, and from Cooper Union for a conceptual redesign of the interstate highway system.

Prompted by the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina on the city of New Orleans, McDaniel began working in his spare time for five years straight on what would become the Exo Reaction Housing System -- portable, cheap disaster relief shelters. He is a principal designer at frog and the founder and C.E.O. at Reaction Systems, Inc.

More profile about the speaker
Michael McDaniel | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxAustin

Michael McDaniel: Cheap, effective shelter for disaster relief

麥可.麥克丹尼爾:便宜又實用的災害避難所

Filmed:
304,031 views

麥可.麥克丹尼爾設計了在災變地區所需的臨時住屋——不貴、容易運輸,還挺美觀——但是找不到人願意建造。固執又狂熱的他決定自己一肩扛起。在 TEDxAustin 上,麥克丹尼爾為我們展示並解說了 Exo 應變小屋,並分享了他利用業餘時間尋找供應商和製造商來為下一次救災行動做準備的歷程。(拍攝於 TEDxAustin)
- Graphic designer
Michael McDaniel is a graphic designer using his skills to help people in meaningful ways. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
So, I'm going to start開始 off with kind of the buzzkillbuzzkill a little bit.
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我要以一個掃興的事實來開講
00:17
Forty-two四十二 million百萬 people
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4200 萬人
00:19
were displaced流離失所 by natural自然 disasters災害 in 2010.
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在 2010 年發生的自然災害中流離失所
00:22
Now, there was nothing particularly尤其 special特別 about 2010,
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但 2010 年並沒有特別倒楣
00:25
because, on average平均, 31 and a half million百萬 people
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因為每年平均有 3150 萬人
00:29
are displaced流離失所 by natural自然 disasters災害 every一切 single year.
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在自然災害中流離失所
00:32
Now, usually平時 when people hear statistics統計 or stats統計 like that,
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人們聽到這樣的統計資料
00:34
you start開始 thinking思維 about places地方 like Haiti海地 or other kind of
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通常會想到像海地這樣的外國
00:37
exotic異國情調 or maybe even impoverished貧困 areas, but it happens發生
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或者是更遙遠、更貧困的地區
00:40
right here in the United聯合的 States狀態 every一切 single year.
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然而這卻是每年發生在美國境內的數量
00:44
Last year alone單獨, 99 federally聯邦政府 declared聲明 disasters災害
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僅去年一年,聯邦應急管理署 (FEMA) 認定
00:47
were on file文件 with FEMAFEMA,
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並登記在案的天災有 99 件
00:49
from Joplin喬普林, Missouri密蘇里州, and Tuscaloosa塔斯卡盧薩, Alabama阿拉巴馬,
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從密蘇里州的喬普林
阿拉巴馬州的塔斯卡羅薩的龍捲風
00:52
to the Central中央 Texas德州 wildfires野火 that just happened發生 recently最近.
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到最近發生在德州中部的野火
00:56
Now, how does the most powerful強大 country國家 in the world世界
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這個全世界最強勢的國家
00:59
handle處理 these displaced流離失所 people?
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又是怎樣安置災民的呢?
01:01
They cram填滿 them onto cots嬰兒床, put all your personal個人 belongings財物
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他們讓災民塞在簡易窄床上,把你所有的東西
01:03
in a plastic塑料 garbage垃圾 bag, stick it underneath,
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裝進一個塑膠垃圾袋,塞在床下
01:05
and put you on the floor地板 of an entire整個 sports體育 arena競技場,
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然後讓你住在體育場
01:08
or a gymnasium健身房.
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或者體育館的地板上
01:12
So obviously明顯 there's a massive大規模的 housing住房 gap間隙,
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顯然,這是一個很大的居住匱乏問題
01:15
and this really upset煩亂 me, because academia學術界 tells告訴 you
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這讓我非常痛心,因為學術界告訴我們
01:18
after a major重大的 disaster災害, there's typically一般 about
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在重大災害發生後,一般來說
01:20
an 18-month-月 time frame to -- we kinda有點兒 recover恢復,
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大概經過 18 個月後,我們才開始恢復
01:23
start開始 the recovery復甦 process處理,
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開始重建過程
01:25
but what most people don't realize實現 is that on average平均
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但大多數人都不知道
01:27
it takes 45 to 60 days or more
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惡名昭彰的聯邦應急管理署平均要花
01:30
for the infamous臭名昭著 FEMAFEMA trailers拖車 to even begin開始 to show顯示 up.
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45 到 60 天或更多的時間,才會派拖車到現場
01:33
Before that time, people are left to their own擁有 devices設備.
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在這之前,災民只能自己想辦法
01:37
So I became成為 obsessed痴迷 with trying to figure數字 out a way
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因此我沉迷於找出一個好辦法
01:40
to actually其實 fill this gap間隙.
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來填補這個缺口
01:42
This actually其實 became成為 my creative創作的 obsession困擾.
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這件事讓我成為了創意狂熱者
01:45
I put aside在旁邊 all my freelance自由職業者 work after hours小時 and started開始
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我推掉了所有的兼職工作
01:48
just focusing調焦 particularly尤其 on this problem問題.
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開始專心研究這個問題
01:53
So I started開始 sketching素描.
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我開始畫草圖
01:55
Two days after Katrina卡特里娜, I started開始 sketching素描 and sketching素描
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在卡崔娜颶風發生的兩天後,
我開始整日畫著草圖
01:57
and trying to brainstorm頭腦風暴 up ideas思路 or solutions解決方案 for this,
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試著腦力激盪出解決方案
01:59
and as things started開始 to congeal or ideas思路 started開始 to form形成,
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當想法開始成形
02:02
I started開始 sketching素描 digitally數字 on the computer電腦,
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我開始用電腦來繪圖
02:04
but it was an obsession困擾, so I couldn't不能 just stop there.
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我沉迷其中,無法就此停手
02:07
I started開始 experimenting試驗, making製造 models楷模,
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我開始做實驗、做模型
02:10
talking to experts專家 in the field領域, taking服用 their feedback反饋,
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諮詢這個領域的專家,
接受他們的反饋意見
02:12
and refining精製, and I kept不停 on refining精製 and refining精製
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去蕪存菁,不斷改善
02:15
for nights and weekends週末 for over five years年份.
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利用晚上和週末的時間,研究了五年多
02:18
Now, my obsession困擾 ended結束 up driving主動 me to create創建
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最終,我的狂熱導致
02:22
full-size全尺寸 prototypes原型 in my own擁有 backyard後院 — (Laughter笑聲) —
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我在自家後院裡製造了等比例的樣品模型
(笑聲)
02:24
and actually其實 spending開支 my own擁有 personal個人 savings on
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花的是我自己的儲蓄
02:26
everything from tooling工裝 to patents專利
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來購買工具、申請專利
02:29
and a variety品種 of other costs成本,
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以及負擔其他的各種成本
02:31
but in the end結束 I ended結束 up with this modular模塊化 housing住房 system系統
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最終我完成了這個組合式的房屋系統
02:34
that can react應對 to any situation情況 or disaster災害.
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可以對任何情形或災害做出緊急應變
02:37
It can be put up in any environment環境,
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它適用於任何環境
02:40
from an asphalt瀝青 parking停車處 lot to pastures牧場 or fields領域,
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包括柏油路面的停車場,或是草地、田野
02:44
because it doesn't require要求 any special特別 setup建立
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因為它無需任何特殊搭建
02:46
or specialty專業 tools工具.
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或者特殊工具
02:48
Now, at the foundation基礎 and kind of the core核心
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整個系統的基礎與核心
02:50
of this whole整個 system系統 is the Exo Housing住房 Unit單元,
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是 Exo 居住小屋
02:53
which哪一個 is just the individual個人 shelter庇護 module.
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是獨立的避難模組
02:55
And though雖然 it's light, light enough足夠 that you can actually其實
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它的重量非常輕
02:57
lift電梯 it by hand and move移動 it around,
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可以徒手舉起、搬動
02:59
and it actually其實 sleeps睡覺 four people.
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還能住進四個人
03:03
And you can arrange安排 these things as kind of more
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你可以將這些居住小屋
03:05
for encampments營地 and more of a city grid type類型 layout佈局,
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安排成營地或是市景街道的棋盤式格局
03:08
or you can circle the wagons貨車, essentially實質上,
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也可以圍成一圈
03:10
and form形成 these circular pods out of them,
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可以如圖所示排列
03:12
which哪一個 give you this semi-private半私人 communal公社 area
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這樣就能形成一個半私密的公共區域
03:15
for people to actually其實 spill out into so they're not actually其實
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人們可以在這裡透透氣
03:17
trapped被困 inside these units單位.
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而不必把自己關在小屋裡
03:19
Now this fundamentally從根本上 changes變化
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這個發明從根本上
03:22
the way we respond響應 to disasters災害,
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改變了我們應對災害的方式
03:24
because gone走了 are the horrid可怕的 conditions條件
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因為體育場館裡的
03:26
inside a sports體育 arena競技場 or a gymnasium健身房, where people
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混亂狀況將不復存在
03:29
are crammed臨時抱佛腳 on these cots嬰兒床 inside.
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人們不再需要擠在那些簡易窄床上
03:31
Now we have instant瞬間 neighborhoods社區 outside.
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我們在室外就有現成的社區
03:36
So the Exo is designed設計 to be simply只是, basically基本上
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Exo 小屋基本上被設計成
03:39
like a coffee咖啡 cup杯子. They can actually其實 stack together一起
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咖啡杯的樣子,能夠逐個疊起來
03:42
so we get extremely非常 efficient高效 transportation運輸
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所以運輸和儲存
03:44
and storage存儲 out of them.
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就變得效率非凡
03:47
In fact事實, 15 ExosEXOS can fit適合 on a single semi truck卡車 by itself本身.
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事實上,1.5 輛卡車就可以
裝下 15 個 Exo 小屋
03:51
This means手段 the Exo can actually其實 be transported and set up
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這就意味著運輸和組裝 Exo 小屋
03:54
faster更快 than any other housing住房 option選項 available可得到 today今天.
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比現有的任何一種組合屋都要快速
03:59
But I'm obsessive強迫症, so I couldn't不能 just stop there,
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但是我已深陷其中,無法就此罷手
04:01
so I actually其實 started開始 modifying修改 the bunks舖位 where you could
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所以我開始調整床舖的位置
04:03
actually其實 slide滑動 out the bunks舖位 and slide滑動 in desks書桌 or shelving貨架,
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以便能把床鋪方便地
替換成桌子和擱架
04:06
so the same相同 unit單元 can now be used
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這樣一來同樣的小屋就能
04:07
for an office辦公室 or storage存儲 location位置.
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作為辦公室或儲藏室了
04:10
The doors can actually其實 swap交換 out, so you can actually其實 put on
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門板也可以輕易拆卸
04:14
a rigid死板 panel面板 with a window窗口 unit單元 in it for climate氣候 control控制,
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所以你可以換成有窗戶的硬板
來配合天氣做變化
04:17
or a connector連接器 module that would allow允許 you to actually其實
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或者換成一種連接模組
04:19
connect multiple units單位 together一起, which哪一個 gives you
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讓你可以組合這些小屋
04:22
larger and kind of compartmentalized條塊 living活的 spaces空間,
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形成更大且可劃分的生活空間
04:26
so now this same相同 kit套件 of parts部分, this same相同 unit單元
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如此一來,同樣的組件,同樣的小屋
04:28
can actually其實 serve服務 as a living活的 room房間, bedroom臥室 or bathroom浴室,
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可以作為客廳、臥房、浴室
04:32
or an office辦公室, a living活的 space空間 and secure安全 storage存儲.
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或是辦公室
可以是居住的空間和安全的倉庫
04:39
Sounds聲音 like a great idea理念, but how do you make it real真實?
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聽起來是很好的想法,但如何實現呢?
04:42
So the first idea理念 I had, initially原來, was just
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我的第一個想法
04:44
to go the federal聯邦 and state governments政府 and go,
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就是去聯邦政府和州政府遊說
04:45
"Here, take it, for free自由."
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「免費拿去用吧!」
04:48
But I was quickly很快 told that, "Boy男孩, our government政府
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但很快我就被告知:「小夥子,我們的政府
04:50
doesn't really work like that." (Laughter笑聲)
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可不能這樣辦事。」
(笑聲)
04:52
Okay. Okay. So maybe I would start開始 a nonprofit非營利性
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好吧……我也許能設立一個非營利性組織
04:56
to kind of help consult請教 and get this idea理念 going
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向政府推廣這個想法,提供諮詢服務
04:59
along沿 with the government政府, but then I was told,
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但我又被告知
05:01
"Son兒子, our government政府 looks容貌 to private私人的 sector扇形
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「小夥子,我們的政府只會向私營部門
05:04
for things like this."
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進行這種採購。」
05:05
Okay. So maybe I would take this whole整個 idea理念 and go
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好吧……也許我該把我的想法
05:08
to private私人的 corporations公司 that would have this mutually相互 shared共享
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分享給能夠創造雙贏局面的私營部門
05:11
benefit效益 to it, but I was quickly很快 told by some corporations公司
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但很快我就聽一些公司說
05:14
that my personal個人 passion project項目 was not a brand fit適合
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我個人的熱血計畫
不符合他們的品牌訴求
05:18
because they didn't want their logos徽標 stamped沖壓
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因為他們不想讓自己的商標
05:21
across橫過 the ghettos貧民區 of Haiti海地.
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遍佈海地的貧民區
05:23
Now, I wasn't just obsessed痴迷. I was outraged憤怒. (Laughter笑聲.)
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這下我就不只是被迷惑了,我被激怒了!
(笑聲)
05:29
So I decided決定, kind of told myself,
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我暗自下定決心
05:33
"Oh yeah? Watch this. I'll do it myself." (Laughter笑聲)
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「哦,是嗎?走著瞧吧,我自己來!」
(笑聲)
05:39
Now, this quickly很快, my day job工作 sent發送 me to work out of
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不久之後,我的全職工作讓我
05:41
our Milan米蘭 office辦公室 for a few少數 months個月, so I was like,
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離開米蘭的辦公室工作幾個月
05:45
what will I do? So I actually其實 scheduled計劃 sleep睡覺 on my calendar日曆,
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我問自己,能不能做點什麼?
於是我在日曆列上睡眠的行程
05:47
and spent花費 the 8-hour-小時 time difference區別 on conference會議 calls電話
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然後利用 8 小時的時差進行電話會議
05:50
with material材料 suppliers供應商, manufacturers製造商 and potential潛在 customers顧客.
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聯繫原料供應商、製造商和潛在客戶
05:55
And we found發現 through通過 this whole整個 process處理, we found發現
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經過這段努力的過程
05:56
this great little manufacturer生產廠家 in Virginia弗吉尼亞州,
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我們找到了這家位在維吉尼亞州的優秀小廠商
05:58
and if his body身體 language語言 is any indication跡象,
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從這個人的動作可以看出
06:00
that's the owner所有者 — (Laughter笑聲) — of what it's like
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他就是老闆
(笑聲)
06:03
for a manufacturer生產廠家 to work directly with a designer設計師,
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這就是建築商與設計師直接共事的情形
06:05
you've got to see what happens發生 here. (Laughter笑聲)
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你們一定要看看這裡發生什麼事
(笑聲)
06:08
But G.S. Industries工業 was fantastic奇妙.
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G.S 工業是一家了不起的企業
06:10
They actually其實 built內置 three prototypes原型 for us by hand.
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他們用手工做出了三個樣品模型
06:15
So now we have prototypes原型 that can show顯示 that four people
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因此,我們現在擁有了展示模型
06:18
can actually其實 sleep睡覺 securely安全 and much more comfortably舒服
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顯示小屋可以安全地容納四個人生活
06:20
than a tent帳篷 could ever provide提供.
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這種生活也比以往
住帳篷的方式要舒服得多
06:25
And they actually其實 shipped them here to Texas德州 for us.
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他們把模型運來德州
06:26
Now, a funny滑稽 thing started開始 happening事件.
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這時,一件有趣的事情發生了
06:28
Other people started開始 to believe in what we were doing,
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別人開始相信我們所做的事
06:30
and actually其實 offered提供 us hangar機庫 space空間, donated捐贈 hangar機庫
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有人捐了一個停機棚給我們
06:32
space空間 to us. And then the Georgetown喬治敦 Airport飛機場 Authority權威
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喬治城機場管理局
也不遺餘力地幫助我們
06:34
was bent彎曲 over backwards向後 to help us with anything we needed需要.
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提供我們需要的一切
06:39
So now we had a hangar機庫 space空間 to work in,
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現在我們能在停機棚裡工作
06:40
and prototypes原型 to demo演示 with.
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也有展示模型
06:43
So in one year, we've我們已經 negotiated manufacturing製造業 agreements協議,
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不出一年,我們談妥生產合約
06:47
been awarded頒發 one patent專利, filed提交 our second第二 patent專利,
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獲得一項專利,申請了第二項專利
06:50
talked to multiple people, demoed全世界展示 this to FEMAFEMA
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與各種各樣的人交流
向聯邦應急管理署展示模型
06:52
and its consultants顧問 to rave狂歡 reviews評論,
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該署的諮詢師(對模型)
給予很高的評價
06:54
and then started開始 talking to some other people who requested要求
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還把我們介紹給前來諮詢
06:57
information信息, this little group called the United聯合的 Nations國家.
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稱為聯合國的小團體
06:59
And on top最佳 of that, now we have
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除此之外
07:01
a whole整個 plethora過多 of other individuals個人 that have come up
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還有無數的個人找到我們談合作
07:04
and started開始 to talk to us from doing it for mining礦業 camps營地,
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包括採礦基地
07:07
mobile移動 youth青年 hostels旅館, right down to the World世界 Cup杯子
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流動的青年旅館,供給世界盃
07:10
and the Olympics奧運會.
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和奧運會使用
07:12
So, in closing關閉, on this whole整個 thing here
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總而言之,至今為止發生的一切
07:19
is hopefully希望 very soon不久 we will not have to
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讓我們很可能不用再苦苦應付那些
07:24
respond響應 to these painful痛苦 phone電話 calls電話 that we get
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災後充滿痛苦的來電
07:26
after disasters災害 where we don't really have anything
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而拿不出任何可供銷售或捐贈的東西
07:28
to sell or give you yet然而.
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來應對災難
07:30
Hopefully希望 very soon不久 we will be there,
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我希望不久之後
我們就能趕赴現場
07:33
because we are destined注定,
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因為我們註定
07:35
obsessed痴迷 with making製造 it real真實.
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且狂熱地要讓夢想成真
07:39
Thank you. (Applause掌聲)
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謝謝大家
(掌聲)
Translated by Karen SONG
Reviewed by Marssi Draw

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael McDaniel - Graphic designer
Michael McDaniel is a graphic designer using his skills to help people in meaningful ways.

Why you should listen

Michael McDaniel has worked on a wide range of projects for clients including MTV, Comcast, AT&T, American Airlines, Best Buy, HP, Sprint and Disney. His designs have been widely recognized; he's received awards from the Society of Environmental Graphic Designers for work at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, and from Cooper Union for a conceptual redesign of the interstate highway system.

Prompted by the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina on the city of New Orleans, McDaniel began working in his spare time for five years straight on what would become the Exo Reaction Housing System -- portable, cheap disaster relief shelters. He is a principal designer at frog and the founder and C.E.O. at Reaction Systems, Inc.

More profile about the speaker
Michael McDaniel | Speaker | TED.com