ABOUT THE SPEAKER
John Hockenberry - Journalist
Journalist and commentator John Hockenberry has reported from all over the world in virtually every medium. He's the author of "Moving Violations: War Zones, Wheelchairs and Declarations of Independence."

Why you should listen

Three-time Peabody Award winner, four-time Emmy award winner and Dateline NBC correspondent, John Hockenberry has broad experience as a journalist and commentator for more than two decades. He is the co-anchor of the public radio morning show “The Takeaway” on WNYC and PRI. He has reported from all over the world, in virtually every medium, having anchored programs for network, cable and radio. Hockenberry joined NBC as a correspondent for Dateline NBC in January 1996 after a fifteen-year career in broadcast news at both National Public Radio and ABC News. Hockenberry's reporting for Dateline NBC earned him three Emmys, an Edward R Murrow award and a Casey Medal.

His most prominent Dateline NBC reports include an hour-long documentary on the often-fatal tragedy of the medically uninsured, an emotionally gripping portrait of a young schizophrenic trying to live on his own, and extensive reporting in the aftermath of September 11th. In 2009 Hockenberry was appointed to the White House Fellows Commission by President Barack Obama where he participates in the selection of the annual Fellows for this most prestigious of Federal programs. Hockenberry is also the author of A River out of Eden, a novel based in the Pacific Northwest, and Moving Violations: War Zones, Wheelchairs and Declarations of Independence, a memoir of life as a foreign correspondent, which was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award in 1996. He has also written for The New York Times, The New Yorker, I.D., Wired, The Columbia Journalism Review, Details, and The Washington Post.

Hockenberry spent more than a decade with NPR as a general assignment reporter, Middle East correspondent and host of several programs. During the Persian Gulf War (1990-91), Hockenberry was assigned to the Middle East, where he filed reports from Israel, Tunisia, Morocco, Jordan, Turkey, Iraq and Iran. He was one of the first Western broadcast journalists to report from Kurdish refugee camps in Northern Iraq and Southern Turkey. Hockenberry also spent two years (1988-90) as a correspondent based in Jerusalem during the most intensive conflict of the Palestinian uprising. Hockenberry received the Columbia Dupont Award for Foreign News Coverage for reporting on the Gulf War.

 

More profile about the speaker
John Hockenberry | Speaker | TED.com
TED2012

John Hockenberry: We are all designers

John Hockenberry:我們都是設計師

Filmed:
792,401 views

記者John Hockenberry用親身經歷,敘述他如何被輪椅型錄上的發光輪子所啟發--那些輪子讓他看見,設計有目的性的人生是多麼重要。(本演講出自TED2012設計工作室系列,客座講員由Chee Pearlman和David Rockwell邀請策劃)
- Journalist
Journalist and commentator John Hockenberry has reported from all over the world in virtually every medium. He's the author of "Moving Violations: War Zones, Wheelchairs and Declarations of Independence." Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I am no designer設計師, nope, no way.
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我不是設計師,不,絕不
00:20
My dad was,
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不過我的爸爸是
00:22
which哪一個 is kind of an interesting有趣 way to grow增長 up.
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也因此我的成長的過程挺有趣的
00:25
I had to figure數字 out what it is my dad did
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我需要了解我爸爸做的東西到底是什麼
00:29
and why it was important重要.
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和其重要性何在
00:30
Dad talked a lot about bad design設計 when we were growing生長 up,
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從小到大我們聽父親說了很設計不良的東西
00:34
you know, "Bad design設計 is just people not thinking思維, John約翰," he would say
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他總是說:約翰
人不去動腦筋才有糟糕的設計啊
00:39
whenever每當 a kid孩子 would be injured受傷 by a rotary旋轉 lawn草坪 mower割草機
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當有小孩被旋轉式割草機弄受傷時
00:41
or, say, a typewriter打字機 ribbon色帶 would get tangled
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或打字機的色帶卡住
00:44
or an eggbeater打蛋器 would get jammed卡住 in the kitchen廚房.
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或廚房的打蛋機卡住時
00:46
You know, "Design設計 -- bad design設計, there's just no excuse藉口 for it.
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糟糕的設計是沒有藉口的
00:52
It's letting出租 stuff東東 happen發生 without thinking思維 about it.
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這是不經思考的結果
00:55
Every一切 object目的 should be about something, John約翰.
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每樣物品都應當有它的意義啊
00:58
It should imagine想像 a user用戶.
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它應當跟使用者相關
00:59
It should cast that user用戶 in a story故事 starring主演 the user用戶 and the object目的.
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以使用者和物品為主角的故事
01:04
Good design設計," my dad said, "is about supplying供應 intent意圖."
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我爸說:好的設計展現目的性
01:10
That's what he said.
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他是這麼說的
01:12
Dad helped幫助 design設計 the control控制 panels面板 for the IBMIBM 360 computer電腦.
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父親幫忙設計IBM 360電腦的控制面板
01:16
That was a big deal合同; that was important重要. He worked工作 for Kodak柯達 for a while; that was important重要.
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很了不起,也很重要
他也在柯達工作一陣子,也很重要
01:20
He designed設計 chairs椅子 and desks書桌 and other office辦公室 equipment設備 for SteelcaseSteelcase公司; that was important重要.
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他幫Steelcase設計椅子、書桌
和其他的辦公設備,很重要
01:26
I knew知道 design設計 was important重要 in my house because, for heaven's sake清酒, it put food餐飲 on our table, right?
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我早就知道設計的重要
因為那是我家的經濟來源
01:31
And design設計 was in everything my dad did.
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我父親做得每件事都攸關設計
01:33
He had a Dixieland迪克西蘭 jazz爵士樂 band when we were growing生長 up,
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他在我們小時候組了一個爵士樂團
01:36
and he would always cover Louis路易 Armstrong阿姆斯特朗 tunes曲調.
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他總是詮釋Louis Armstrong的歌
01:39
And I would ask him every一切 once一旦 in a while,
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而我三不五時就會去問我爸
01:41
"Dad, do you want it to sound聲音 like the record記錄?"
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"爸,你要它聽起來跟唱片一樣嗎?"
01:44
We had lots of old jazz爵士樂 records記錄 lying說謊 around the house.
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我們家擺了很多老舊的爵士樂唱片
01:46
And he said, "No, never, John約翰, never.
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而他總是說:"不,約翰,絕對不要
01:48
The song歌曲 is just a given特定, that's how you have to think about it.
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你應該想,歌是既有、給予的
01:51
You gotta總得 make it your own擁有. You gotta總得 design設計 it.
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你要讓它有你的風格,你要設計它
01:53
Show顯示 everyone大家 what you intend打算," is what he said.
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讓所有的人看到你的目的
01:57
"Doing that, acting演戲 by design設計, is what we all should be doing.
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讓一舉一動都出於設計
是我們都應當做的事情
02:02
It's where we all belong屬於."
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這就是我們的歸宿"
02:04
All of us? Designers設計師?
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我們所有人嗎?我們都是設計師?
02:07
Oh, oh, Dad. Oh, Dad.
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喔,爸。喔,爸
02:12
The song歌曲 is just a given特定.
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歌曲是已經存在的
02:14
It's how you cover it that matters事項.
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如何去詮釋才是重點
02:16
Well, let's hold保持 on to that thought for just a minute分鐘.
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讓我們思考一下剛剛說的
02:18
It's kind of like this wheelchair輪椅 I'm in, right?
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這有點像我現在坐的輪椅,對吧?
02:21
The original原版的 tune調? It's a little scary害怕.
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原始故事?有點可怕
02:23
"Ooh, what happened發生 to that dude花花公子?
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"喔!那老兄怎麼了?
02:26
He can't walk步行. Anybody任何人 know the story故事?
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他不能走路。有誰知道為什麼嗎?
02:29
Anybody任何人?"
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有人知道嗎?"
02:31
I don't like to talk about this very much, but I'll tell you guys the story故事 today今天.
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我不是很喜歡說這個故事
但我今天會告訴你們
02:36
All right, exactly究竟 36 years年份 ago this week, that's right,
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正是36年前的這個星期
02:40
I was in a poorly不好 designed設計 automobile汽車
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我在一部設計不良的車子裡
02:42
that hit擊中 a poorly不好 designed設計 guardrail護欄
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撞上了設計不良的護欄
02:46
on a poorly不好 designed設計 road in Pennsylvania賓夕法尼亞,
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在設計不良的賓州道路上
02:49
and plummeted暴跌 down a 200-foot-腳丫子 embankment
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從200英呎高的築堤跌了下去
02:53
and killed殺害 two people in the car汽車.
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車上兩人因此罹難
02:56
But ever since以來 then, the wheelchair輪椅 has been a given特定 in my life.
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自那時起,輪椅成為我生命的一部分
03:00
My life, at the mercy憐憫 of good design設計 and bad design設計.
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我的生命,任由好和壞設計所主宰
03:05
Think about it. Now, in design設計 terms條款,
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這樣想吧,用設計的術語來說
03:08
a wheelchair輪椅 is a very difficult object目的.
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輪椅是一件很難設計的物品
03:11
It mostly大多 projects項目 tragedy悲劇 and fear恐懼 and misfortune不幸,
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它通常投射出悲劇、恐懼和不幸的感覺
03:15
and it projects項目 that message信息, that story故事, so strongly非常
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而這個訊息是如此強烈
03:18
that it almost幾乎 blots印跡 out anything else其他.
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蓋過其它的觀感
03:20
I roll swiftly如飛 through通過 an airport飛機場, right?
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我在機場裡恣意的坐輪椅行動
03:23
And moms媽媽 grab their kids孩子 out of the way and say, "Don't stare!"
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母親們會把小孩抓離我的面前並說:
"不要瞪著他看"
03:27
The poor較差的 kid孩子, you know, has this terrified look on his face面對, God knows知道 what they think.
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可憐的孩子,臉上流露出驚恐的表情
不知他在想什麼
03:32
And for decades幾十年, I'm going,
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幾十年來我一直想
03:34
why does this happen發生? What can I do about it? How can I change更改 this? I mean there must必須 be something.
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發生了什麼事?我能做什麼?
我一定能做些什麼來改變這樣的事
03:38
So I would roll, I'd make no eye contact聯繫 -- just kinda有點兒 frown皺眉, right?
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所以我滑輪椅時試著不看別人
低頭皺眉之類的
03:43
Or I'd dress連衣裙 up really, really sharply大幅 or something.
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或我會精心打扮整齊
03:49
Or I'd make eye contact聯繫 with everyone大家 --
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或我會與所有人四目交接
03:51
that was really creepy爬行; that didn't work at all.
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這方法有點詭異,一點都沒用
03:53
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:55
You know anything, I'd try. I wouldn't不會 shower淋浴 for a week -- nothing worked工作.
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我試過所有方法了
甚至一個禮拜不洗澡
03:59
Nothing whatsoever任何 worked工作 until直到 a few少數 years年份 ago,
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但都沒用,直到幾年前
04:03
my six-year-old六十歲 daughters女兒 were looking at this wheelchair輪椅 catalog目錄 that I had, and they said,
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我六歲的女兒們看到我的輪椅目錄,她們說:
04:07
"Oh, Dad! Dad! Look, you gotta總得 get these, these flashy華而不實 wheels車輪 -- you gotta總得 get 'em'時間!"
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"爸!你看!你一定要買這種輪子會發光的輪椅!"
04:12
And I said, "Oh, girls女孩, Dad is a very important重要 journalist記者,
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而我說:"孩子們,我是位很有份量的記者
04:16
that just wouldn't不會 do at all."
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這跟我身份不符"
04:19
And of course課程, they immediately立即 concluded總結,
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當然,她們馬上說:
04:21
"Oh, what a bummer長號, Dad. Journalists記者 aren't allowed允許 to have flashy華而不實 wheels車輪.
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"爸,好可惜喔,你不被允許有發光的輪子
04:26
I mean, how important重要 could you be then?" they said.
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那你怎麼還能算有份量的記者呢?"
04:31
I went, "Wait a minute分鐘, all right, right -- I'll get the wheels車輪." Purely純粹 out of protest抗議,
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為了反駁她們我說:
"等等,好啦,我會買這種"
04:36
I got the flashy華而不實 wheels車輪, and I installed安裝 them and --
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我買了這台輪椅,裝上發光輪子
04:41
check this out. Could I have my special特別 light cue球桿 please?
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然後,你看看
可以把燈光暗下來嗎
04:44
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
04:46
Look at that!
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你看!
04:49
Now ... look at, look at this! Look at this!
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然後,你在看!
04:51
So what you are looking at here
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你眼前看到的
04:54
has completely全然 changed my life,
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完全改變我的生活
04:58
I mean totally完全 changed my life.
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徹底的改變
05:00
Instead代替 of blank空白 stares凝視 and awkwardness重倉股,
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以前我面對的是呆滯的眼神和尷尬
05:03
now it is pointing指點 and smiling微笑!
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現在是指指點點和微笑
05:07
People going, "Awesome真棒 wheels車輪, dude花花公子! Those are awesome真棒!
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人們說:老兄,這輪子超讚的
05:11
I mean, I want some of those wheels車輪!" Little kids孩子 say,
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我也要有這種輪子!
05:14
"Can I have a ride?"
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小孩說:我可以坐坐看嗎?
05:16
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:18
And of course課程 there's the occasional偶然 person --
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當然有時候有些人
05:20
usually平時 a middle-aged中年 male who will say,
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通常是中年男子,會說:
05:22
"Oh, those wheels車輪 are great!
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"喔!這輪子看起來超棒!
05:23
I guess猜測 they're for safety安全, right?"
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是有安全警示的作用對吧?"
05:26
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:28
No! They're not for safety安全.
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不!它們不是安全警示
05:34
No, no, no, no, no.
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錯了錯了
05:36
What's the difference區別 here,
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所以這兩者的差別
05:38
the wheelchair輪椅 with no lights燈火
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沒有發亮輪子的輪椅
05:40
and the wheelchair輪椅 with lights燈火?
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和有發亮輪子的輪椅
05:41
The difference區別 is intent意圖.
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差別在於設計目的
05:45
That's right, that's right; I'm no longer a victim受害者.
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沒錯!這讓我不再是受難者
05:49
I chose選擇 to change更改 the situation情況 -- I'm the Commander指揮官 of the Starship星河 Wheelchair輪椅 with the phaser移相器 wheels車輪 in the front面前. Right?
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我決定改變現狀,我是星光輪椅艇的艦長
前有閃亮的輪子
05:55
Intent意圖 changes變化 the picture圖片 completely全然.
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設計目的徹底改變輪椅給人的感受
05:59
I choose選擇 to enhance提高
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我選擇改善
06:01
this rolling壓延 experience經驗
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坐輪椅的經驗
06:03
with a simple簡單 design設計 element元件.
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透過簡單的設計元素
06:06
Acting代理 with intent意圖.
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行出它的設計目的
06:09
It conveys傳達 authorship作者.
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它展現自主性
06:11
It suggests提示 that someone有人 is driving主動.
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表示我是駕駛
06:14
It's reassuring令人欣慰; people are drawn to it.
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它讓人心安,吸引人
06:17
Someone有人 making製造 the experience經驗 their own擁有.
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讓他們有不同的感受
06:21
Covering覆蓋 the tragic悲慘 tune調
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掩蓋原本的悲劇觀感
06:23
with something different不同,
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而給人不同
06:26
something radically根本 different不同.
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極度不同的感受
06:29
People respond響應 to that.
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人們會對此有所回應
06:31
Now it seems似乎 simple簡單, but actually其實 I think
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看似簡單,但我認為
06:34
in our society社會 and culture文化 in general一般,
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在我們的文化和社會中
06:36
we have a huge巨大 problem問題 with intent意圖.
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我們在設計目的這部分有很大的問題
06:38
Now go with me here. Look at this guy. You know who this is?
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聽我說,這個人,你知道他是誰嗎?
06:41
It's Anders安德斯 Breivik布雷維克. Now, if he intended to kill
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他是前陣子的挪威殺人魔
如果他去年
06:45
in Olso奧斯陸, Norway挪威 last year,
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在挪威奧斯陸
06:47
dozens許多 and dozens許多 of young年輕 people --
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意圖殺死許多年輕人
06:49
if he intended to do that,
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如果這是他的意圖
06:51
he's a vicious惡毒 criminal刑事. We punish懲治 him.
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他是個兇殘的兇手,我們會制裁他
06:54
Life in prison監獄. Death死亡 penalty罰款 in the United聯合的 States狀態, not so much in Norway挪威.
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判終生監禁
不像美國,挪威沒有死刑
06:57
But, if he instead代替 acted行動 out of a delusional妄想 fantasy幻想,
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但如果這是患妄想症下的行為
07:01
if he was motivated動機 by some random隨機 mental心理 illness疾病,
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如果他是因為患了精神疾病才這樣做
07:06
he's in a completely全然 different不同 category類別.
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這就完全不同了
07:09
We may可能 put him away for life, but
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我們也許會將他終生隔離
07:11
we watch him clinically臨床.
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但我們會對它醫療監控
07:13
It's a completely全然 different不同 domain.
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與刑罰完全不同
07:16
As an intentional故意的 murderer兇手,
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如果他是是意圖殺人犯
07:19
Anders安德斯 Breivik布雷維克 is merely僅僅 evil邪惡.
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Anders Breivik是個極度兇殘的人
07:22
But as a dysfunctional功能失調,
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但如果他患有精神疾病
07:24
as a dysfunctional功能失調 murderer兇手/psychotic精神病,
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是個精神患者殺人犯
07:26
he's something much more complicated複雜.
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那這件事就更複雜了
07:28
He's the breath呼吸 of some
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他是某種
07:30
primitive原始, ancient chaos混沌.
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原始、古老混亂的產物
07:33
He's the random隨機 state of nature性質
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他的內在性格十分混亂
07:35
we emerged出現 from.
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不像我們能控制本能
07:37
He's something very, very different不同.
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他是非常特殊的人
07:39
It's as though雖然 intent意圖 is an essential必要 component零件 for humanity人性.
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目的性是人性中非常重要的一環
07:43
It's what we're supposed應該 to do somehow不知何故.
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我們都必須根據其而做出反應
07:45
We're supposed應該 to act法案 with intent意圖.
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我們必須根據目的而行事
07:48
We're supposed應該 to do things by design設計.
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我們也必須根據設計而行事
07:50
Intent意圖 is a marker標記 for civilization文明.
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目的性是文明的里程碑
07:55
Now here's這裡的 an example a little closer接近 to home:
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這是從我家舉的一個例子
07:58
My family家庭 is all about intent意圖.
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我家人做什麼都與目的相關
08:00
You can probably大概 tell there are two sets of twins雙胞胎,
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你可以看得出來這裡有兩對雙胞胎
08:03
the result結果 of IVFIVF technology技術, in vitro體外 fertilization受精 technology技術,
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是試管受精科技的產物
08:08
due應有 to some physical物理 limitations限制 I won't慣於 go into.
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是因為我個人的身體限制
細節就不說了
08:10
Anyway無論如何, in vitro體外 technology技術, IVFIVF,
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總之試管受精
08:13
is about as intentional故意的 as agriculture農業.
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其目的跟農業差不多
08:16
Let me tell you, some of you may可能 have the experience經驗.
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你也許也有這樣的經驗
08:18
In fact事實, the whole整個 technology技術 of sperm精子 extraction萃取
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事實上,從脊椎受傷的男子身上抽取精子的技術
08:21
for spinal cord-injured脊髓損傷 males男性 was invented發明 by a veterinarian獸醫.
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是由一位獸醫發明的
08:26
I met會見 the dude花花公子. He's a great guy.
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我有見過這位老兄,是個很棒的人
08:28
He carried攜帶的 this big leather皮革 bag full充分 of sperm精子 probes探頭 for
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他攜帶著一個大皮袋
08:33
all of the animals動物 that he'd他會 worked工作 with,
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裡頭充滿從種動物身上
08:35
all the different不同 animals動物.
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抽取精子的用具
08:37
Probes探頭 he designed設計,
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這些用具是他設計的
08:39
and in fact事實, he was really, really proud驕傲 of these probes探頭.
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他也非常引以為傲
08:42
He would say, "You're right between之間 horse and squirrel松鼠, John約翰."
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他會說:沒錯,馬跟松鼠基本上的用具都一樣
08:46
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
08:49
But anyway無論如何, so when my wife妻子 and I decided決定
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總之,當我妻子和我決定
08:55
to upgrade升級 our early middle中間 age年齡 -- we had four kids孩子, after all --
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要讓我們中年生活更有品質
畢竟我們已經有四個小孩了
08:58
with a little different不同 technology技術
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我們試了一種新的技術
09:00
that I won't慣於 explain說明 in too much detail詳情 here --
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細節我想我也不需要多談
09:03
my urologist泌尿科醫師 assured保證 me I had nothing whatsoever任何 to worry擔心 about.
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我的泌尿科醫師說我什麼都不用擔心
09:07
"No need for birth分娩 control控制, Doc文件, are you sure about that?"
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"醫生,你確定我不需要避孕嗎?"
09:09
"John約翰, John約翰, I looked看著 at your chart圖表.
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"約翰,我看了你的病例
09:13
From your sperm精子 tests測試 we can
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由你精子的檢測結果
09:15
confidently信心十足地 say that
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我們可以很有信心的說
09:17
you're basically基本上 a form形成 of birth分娩 control控制."
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你的基本上可以自體避孕"
09:20
Well!
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是嗎!
09:23
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
09:27
What a liberating解放 thought! Yes!
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多麼令人鬆口氣的想法呀!太好了!
09:30
And after a couple一對 very liberating解放 weekends週末,
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過了幾個快活的週末
09:33
my wife妻子 and I,
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我太太和我
09:35
utilizing利用 some cutting-edge前沿 erectile勃起 technology技術
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使用了某些先進的勃起技術
09:39
that is certainly當然 worthy值得 of a TEDTalkTED演講 someday日後
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這技術某天一定有成為TEDTalk主題的價值
09:41
but I won't慣於 get into it now,
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但我今天沒辦法說
09:43
we noticed注意到 some familiar, if unexpected意外, symptoms症狀.
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我們發現某些似曾相似
意料之外的徵象
09:48
I wasn't exactly究竟 a form形成 of birth分娩 control控制.
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我並沒有自體避孕的功能
09:52
Look at that font字形 there. My wife妻子 was so pissed生氣.
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你看那個字,我太太氣壞了
09:55
I mean, did a designer設計師 come up with that?
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我是說,這是設計師想出來的嗎?
09:57
No, I don't think a designer設計師 did come up with that.
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不,我不認為這是設計師的主意
09:59
In fact事實, maybe that's the problem問題.
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事實上,也許這才是問題所在
10:01
And so, little Ajax阿賈克斯 was born天生.
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因此,小Ajax誕生了
10:04
He's like our other children孩子,
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他就像我們其他的小孩
10:06
but the experience經驗 is completely全然 different不同.
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但整個過程完全不同
10:08
It's something like my accident事故, right?
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這像是意外事件,對吧?
10:12
He came來了 out of nowhere無處.
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他莫名其妙就來了
10:13
But we all had to change更改,
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但我們都需要改變
10:15
but not just react應對 to the given特定;
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不要根據既成的事而反應
10:18
we bend彎曲 to this new experience經驗 with intent意圖.
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我們要讓新的經驗充滿目的性
10:22
We're five now. Five.
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我們現在有五個小孩了
10:26
Facing面對 the given特定 with intent意圖. Doing things by design設計.
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將目的置入已給予的事物
依據設計行事
10:30
Hey, the name名稱 Ajax阿賈克斯 -- you can't get much more intentional故意的 than that, right?
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他的名字Ajax(各種技術混合體的意思)
充滿目的和意圖對吧
10:34
We're really hoping希望 he thanks謝謝 us for that later後來 on.
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我們真希望他以後會感謝我們
10:39
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
10:41
But I never became成為 a designer設計師. No, no, no, no. Never attempted嘗試. Never even close.
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但我從未成為設計師
從沒試過,本行也離設計師很遠
10:44
I did love some great designs設計 as I was growing生長 up:
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但我的確成長過程中喜歡一些好的設計:
10:49
The HP生命值 35S calculator計算器 -- God, I loved喜愛 that thing. Oh God, I wish希望 I had one.
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我超愛HP 35S計算機
老天,我多麼希望也有一台
10:53
Man, I love that thing.
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超愛這玩意兒的
10:57
I could afford給予 that.
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這是我買得起的
10:58
Other designs設計 I really couldn't不能 afford給予, like the 1974 911 TargaTARGA.
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其它我買不起的設計是
1974年的保時捷911 Targa
11:03
In school學校, I studied研究 nothing close to design設計 or engineering工程;
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我的教育背景離設計和工程學很遠
11:06
I studied研究 useless無用 things like the Classics,
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我學得是沒用的東西像是經典文學
11:09
but there were some lessons教訓 even there --
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但我還是有學到一些知識
11:10
this guy, Plato柏拉圖, it turns out he's a designer設計師.
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這老兄,柏拉圖
原來也是設計師
11:14
He designed設計 a state in "The Republic共和國,"
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他設計一種叫「理想國」的狀態
11:17
a design設計 never implemented實施.
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是一種從未被施行的設計
11:19
Listen to one of the design設計 features特徵
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聽聽他設計的的一項特色
11:20
of Plato's柏拉圖的 Government政府 4.0:
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柏拉圖之政府4.0:
11:23
"The State in which哪一個 the rulers統治者 are most reluctant不情願 to govern治理
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"當一個國家的統領者不願去統治時
11:28
is always the best最好 and most quietly悄悄 governed治理,
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是最理想跟最祥和的統治狀態
11:31
and the State in which哪一個 they are most eager急於, the worst最差."
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而當統治者野心勃勃時,國家狀態最慘"
11:35
Well, got that wrong錯誤, didn't we?
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我們現在都做錯了,對吧?
11:38
But look at that statement聲明; it's all about intent意圖. That's what I love about it.
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但你看,這句話都與目的相關
這就是我愛它的地方
11:42
But consider考慮 what Plato柏拉圖 is doing here. What is he doing?
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讓我們想想柏拉圖試圖要做什麼
11:45
It's a grand盛大 idea理念 of design設計 -- a huge巨大 idea理念 of design設計,
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這是個有宏大想法的設計
11:49
common共同 to all of the voices聲音 of religion宗教 and philosophy哲學
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與大部分的宗教和哲學相似
11:53
that emerged出現 in the Classical古典 period.
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從經典時期誕生
11:55
What was going on then?
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那時發生了什麼事呢?
11:56
They were trying to answer回答 the question of
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他們試圖解答這個問題
11:59
what would human人的 beings眾生 do now that they were no longer simply只是 trying to survive生存?
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人類若生活不只是單單為了求生存
該做些什麼
12:03
As the human人的 race種族 emerged出現 from a prehistoric史前 chaos混沌,
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當人類過了史前混亂期後
12:08
a confrontation對抗 with random隨機, brutal野蠻 nature性質,
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與隨機、兇殘的的內在產生了衝突
12:12
they suddenly突然 had a moment時刻 to think -- and there was a lot to think about.
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人們開始思考
而有太說事情需要思考了
12:16
All of a sudden突然, human人的 existence存在 needed需要 an intent意圖.
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突然間,人類的存在需要目的性
12:20
Human人的 life needed需要 a reason原因.
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人生在世是需要原因的
12:23
Reality現實 itself本身 needed需要 a designer設計師.
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現實世界需要一位設計師
12:26
The given特定 was replaced更換
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原本被賦予的
12:28
by various各個 aspects方面 of intent意圖,
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被各類不同的目的所取代
12:31
by various各個 designs設計,
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被設計取代
12:33
by various各個 gods.
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或被神明取代
12:36
Gods we're still fighting戰鬥 about. Oh yeah.
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是的,我們仍然與神爭戰
12:40
Today今天 we don't confront面對 the chaos混沌 of nature性質.
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如今我們不須面對混亂的內在
12:43
Today今天 it is the chaos混沌 of humanity's人類的 impact碰撞 on the Earth地球 itself本身 that we confront面對.
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我們如今面對的混亂是人類對自然的影響
12:49
This young年輕 discipline學科 called design設計, I think,
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我認為,設計這個新興的領域
12:52
is in fact事實 the emerging新興 ethos社會思潮
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是新興的社會精神
12:55
formulating制定 and then answering回答 a very new question:
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組成並回答了一個新問題:
12:58
What shall we do now
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我們現在應該怎麼做
13:00
in the face面對 of the chaos混沌 that we have created創建?
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當我們面臨我們所創造的亂象
13:03
What shall we do?
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我們該怎麼做?
13:05
How shall we inscribe intent意圖
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我們如何將目的性
13:08
on all the objects對象 we create創建,
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置入我們創造的所有物品
13:10
on all the circumstances情況 we create創建,
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不管在任何我們造成的情況
13:12
on all the places地方 we change更改?
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或我們所改變的地點?
13:15
The consequences後果 of a planet行星 with 7 billion十億 people and counting數數.
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70億甚至更多人口對地球所造成的後果
13:19
That's the tune調 we're all covering覆蓋 today今天, all of us.
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是我們全部人現今都必須面對的問題
13:23
And we can't just imitate模擬 the past過去. No.
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而我們無法效仿過去
13:26
That won't慣於 do.
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不,這是無法解決問題的
13:29
That won't慣於 do at all.
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一點都沒有辦法
13:30
Here's這裡的 my favorite喜愛 design設計 moment時刻:
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這就是我最愛的設計時機:
13:33
In the city of Kinshasa金沙薩 in Zaire扎伊爾 in the 1990s,
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在1990年代薩伊的金夏沙城
13:37
I was working加工 for ABCABC News新聞, and I was reporting報告 on
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我任職於ABC新聞台
正在報導Mobutu Sese Seko的垮台
13:39
the fall秋季 of Mobutu蒙博托 Sese澀澀 Seko塞科, the dictator獨裁者, the brutal野蠻 dictator獨裁者 in Zaire扎伊爾,
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他是薩依殘暴的獨裁者
13:43
who raped強姦 and pillaged掠奪 that country國家.
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他掠奪洗劫了薩伊
13:45
There was rioting騷亂 in the middle中間 of Kinshasa金沙薩.
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當時在金夏沙城中有場暴動
13:48
The place地點 was falling落下 apart距離; it was a horrible可怕, horrible可怕 place地點,
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那城市正在瓦解,情況很糟糕
13:51
and I needed需要 to go and explore探索 the center中央 of Kinshasa金沙薩
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而我必須前往並探查金夏沙城中心
13:55
to report報告 on the rioting騷亂 and the looting搶劫.
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以報導那場暴動與掠奪
13:57
People were carrying攜帶 off vehicles汽車, carrying攜帶 off pieces of buildings房屋.
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那裡的人因車輛或建築物碎片而喪命
14:01
Soldiers士兵 were in the streets街道 shooting射擊 at looters亂兵 and herding羊群效應 some in mass arrests逮捕.
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士兵在街道上射擊搶匪並逮捕許多人
14:06
In the middle中間 of this chaos混沌, I'm rolling壓延 around in a wheelchair輪椅,
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在這場動亂中,我坐著輪椅四處移動
14:09
and I was completely全然 invisible無形. Completely全然.
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而我就像隱形似的不受注意
14:13
I was in a wheelchair輪椅; I didn't look like a looter掠奪者.
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我坐在輪椅上,我並不像搶匪
14:16
I was in a wheelchair輪椅; I didn't look like a journalist記者, particularly尤其, at least最小 from their perspective透視.
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我坐輪椅,也太不像記者
至少從他們的觀點而言
14:22
And I didn't look like a soldier士兵, that's for sure.
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而我當然也不像士兵
14:24
I was part部分 of this sort分類 of background背景 noise噪聲 of the misery苦難 of Zaire扎伊爾, completely全然 invisible無形.
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我在薩伊這場不幸的事件中像背景一樣
完全隱形
14:30
And all of a sudden突然, from around a corner, comes this young年輕 man, paralyzed, just like me,
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而突然之間,從某個角落
出現一個像我一樣癱瘓的年輕人
14:35
in this metal金屬 and wood and leather皮革
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在由金屬、木頭和皮革所做成
14:39
pedal踏板, three-wheel三輪 tricycle-wheelchair三輪車,輪椅 device設備,
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一種有踏板的三輪輪椅裝置
14:44
and he pedals踏板 up to me as fast快速 as he can.
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他極快速的踩著踏板到我面前
14:47
He goes, "Hey, mister先生! Mister先生!"
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他說:嘿!先生!先生!
14:48
And I looked看著 at him --
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而我看著他
14:51
he didn't know any other English英語 than that, but we didn't need English英語, no, no, no, no, no.
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他除了這句外不會講其他的英文
但我們也不需要英文
14:54
We satSAT there and compared相比 wheels車輪 and tires輪胎 and spokes輻條 and tubes.
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我們坐在那比較輪子、輪胎、輪輻和內胎
15:00
And I looked看著 at his whacky怪誕的 pedal踏板 mechanism機制;
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而我看著這怪異的踏板裝置
15:04
he was full充分 of pride自豪 over his design設計.
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那年輕人對這項設計十分驕傲
15:07
I wish希望 I could show顯示 you that contraption玩意兒.
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我真希望我能給你看看那玩意兒
15:09
His smile微笑, our glow輝光
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他的笑容,我們散發的光采
15:11
as we talked a universal普遍 language語言
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當我們用全球共通的語言溝通
15:13
of design設計,
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也就是設計
15:16
invisible無形 to the chaos混沌 around us.
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讓我們無視周邊的混亂
15:19
His machine: homemade自製, bolted狂奔, rusty生疏, comical滑稽.
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他的機器:自製、粗糙、生鏽又古怪
15:23
My machine: American-made美國製造, confident信心, sleek光滑.
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我的機器:美國製造、自信、時髦
15:26
He was particularly尤其 proud驕傲 of the comfortable自在 seat座位, really comfortable自在 seat座位
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他對他舒服的座椅感到非常自豪
15:30
he had made製作 in his chariot
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是他為這座駕親自打造
15:32
and its beautiful美麗 fabric fringe邊緣 around the edge邊緣.
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美麗的布製流蘇點綴著邊緣
15:37
Oh, I wish希望 I'd had those sparkly閃閃發光的 wheels車輪 back then to have shown顯示 him, man!
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喔!我當時多希望我有發光的輪子可以秀給他看
15:41
He would have loved喜愛 those! Oh yeah.
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他一定會很喜歡這個
15:44
He would have understood了解 those;
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他一定會了解
15:45
a chariot of pure intent意圖 -- think about it --
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一台專為目的而打造的座駕
你想想
15:49
in a city out of control控制.
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在這失去控制的城市
15:51
Design設計 blew自爆 it all away for a moment時刻.
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設計讓這一切暫時消失
15:54
We spoke for a few少數 minutes分鐘 and then each of us vanished消失 back into the chaos混沌.
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我們聊了一下子
然後各自隱身回到那場動亂中
15:58
He went back to the streets街道 of Kinshasa金沙薩;
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他回到金夏沙城的街道
16:01
I went to my hotel旅館. And I think of him now, now ...
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我回到我的旅館
而我現在想到他
16:07
And I pose提出 this question.
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現在,我提出這個問題
16:10
An object目的 imbued充滿 with intent意圖 --
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一項充滿目的性的物品
16:13
it has power功率,
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它是很有能力的
16:15
it's treasure寶藏, we're drawn to it.
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很寶貴,我們都被吸引
16:18
An object目的 devoid沒有 of intent意圖 --
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一項沒有目的性的物品
16:21
it's random隨機, it's imitative模仿的,
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它是隨機、學人家的
16:24
it repels阻止再 us. It's like a piece of junk破爛 mail郵件 to be thrown拋出 away.
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他讓我們感到厭惡
像是被我們丟棄的垃圾信件
16:27
This is what we must必須 demand需求 of our lives生活,
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這是我們生命中必須要求的
16:32
of our objects對象, of our things, of our circumstances情況:
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不論是物品、我們的事物、環境
16:36
living活的 with intent意圖.
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都要活在目的中
16:39
And I have to say
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而我必須說
16:41
that on that score得分了, I have a very unfair不公平 advantage優點 over all of you.
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講到這,我有一項比你們都還要好的優點
16:46
And I want to explain說明 it to you now because this is a very special特別 day.
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我現在想向你們解釋
因為這是很特別的一天
16:52
Thirty-six三十六 years年份 ago at nearly幾乎 this moment時刻,
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大約36年前的這個時刻
16:57
a 19-year-old-歲 boy男孩 awoke from a coma昏迷
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一位19歲的男孩從昏迷中醒來
17:01
to ask a nurse護士 a question,
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問了護士一個問題
17:03
but the nurse護士 was already已經 there with an answer回答.
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但那護士早已在那預備好回答
17:05
"You've had a terrible可怕 accident事故, young年輕 man. You've broken破碎 your back.
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"年輕人,你遇上一場不幸的意外
你的脊椎斷了
17:09
You'll你會 never walk步行 again."
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你從此以後都不能走路了"
17:11
I said, "I know all that -- what day is it?"
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我說:"我知道--今天是幾日?"
17:16
You see, I knew知道 that the car汽車 had gone走了 over the guardrail護欄 on the 28th of February二月,
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我當時知道我的車在2月28日衝出了護欄
17:23
and I knew知道 that 1976 was a leap飛躍 year.
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而我知道1976年是閏年
17:27
"Nurse護士! Is this the 28th or the 29th?"
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"護士! 今天是28還是29日?"
17:32
And she looked看著 at me and said,
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而她看著我說
17:34
"It's March遊行 1stST."
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"今天是3月1號"
17:36
And I went, "Oh my God.
328
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而我說:"我的天啊
17:39
I've got some catching up to do!"
329
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我必須趕緊跟上進度"
17:41
And from that moment時刻, I knew知道
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從那刻起,我知道
17:44
the given特定 was that accident事故;
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那場意外是被給予的
17:47
I had no option選項 but to make up
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我沒有選擇
17:51
this new life without walking步行.
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只能讓我不能走路的新生命更好
17:54
Intent意圖 -- a life with intent意圖 --
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目的
一個有目的的生命
17:58
lived生活 by design設計,
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活在設計中
17:59
covering覆蓋 the original原版的
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用更好的事物
18:01
with something better.
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掩蓋原始的狀態
18:03
It's something for all of us to do or find a way to do in these times.
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我們在這種狀況中都必須設法這麼做
18:08
To get back to this,
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回到這裡
18:11
to get back to design設計,
340
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回到設計
18:13
and as my daddy suggested建議 a long time ago,
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就像我父親很久以前建議的
18:17
"Make the song歌曲 your own擁有, John約翰.
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"約翰,讓這首歌充滿你的風格吧
18:20
Show顯示 everybody每個人 what you intend打算."
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讓大家看到你的目的是什麼"
18:39
Daddy,
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18:41
this one's那些 for you.
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這是為你而演奏的
18:43
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
18:48
Jo Jo was a man who thought he was a loner獨來獨往的人
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♫ Jo Jo認為自己是個孤單的人 ♫
18:52
♫ but he was another另一個 man. ♫
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♫ 但他其實不是 ♫
18:54
Jo Jo left his home in Tucson圖森, Arizona亞利桑那 to attend出席 a California加州 bash慶典. ♫
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♫ Jo Jo離開亞利桑那的土桑市
去加州參加一場聚會 ♫
19:01
♫ Get back, get back, ♫
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♫ 回去吧,回去吧 ♫
19:04
♫ get back to where you once一旦 belonged屬於. ♫
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♫ 回到曾經屬於你的地方 ♫
19:07
♫ Get back, get back, ♫
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♫ 回去吧,回去吧 ♫
19:10
♫ get back to where you once一旦 belonged屬於. ♫
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♫ 回到曾經屬於你的地方 ♫
19:19
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Gina Wang
Reviewed by Chen-Han Hsiao

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
John Hockenberry - Journalist
Journalist and commentator John Hockenberry has reported from all over the world in virtually every medium. He's the author of "Moving Violations: War Zones, Wheelchairs and Declarations of Independence."

Why you should listen

Three-time Peabody Award winner, four-time Emmy award winner and Dateline NBC correspondent, John Hockenberry has broad experience as a journalist and commentator for more than two decades. He is the co-anchor of the public radio morning show “The Takeaway” on WNYC and PRI. He has reported from all over the world, in virtually every medium, having anchored programs for network, cable and radio. Hockenberry joined NBC as a correspondent for Dateline NBC in January 1996 after a fifteen-year career in broadcast news at both National Public Radio and ABC News. Hockenberry's reporting for Dateline NBC earned him three Emmys, an Edward R Murrow award and a Casey Medal.

His most prominent Dateline NBC reports include an hour-long documentary on the often-fatal tragedy of the medically uninsured, an emotionally gripping portrait of a young schizophrenic trying to live on his own, and extensive reporting in the aftermath of September 11th. In 2009 Hockenberry was appointed to the White House Fellows Commission by President Barack Obama where he participates in the selection of the annual Fellows for this most prestigious of Federal programs. Hockenberry is also the author of A River out of Eden, a novel based in the Pacific Northwest, and Moving Violations: War Zones, Wheelchairs and Declarations of Independence, a memoir of life as a foreign correspondent, which was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award in 1996. He has also written for The New York Times, The New Yorker, I.D., Wired, The Columbia Journalism Review, Details, and The Washington Post.

Hockenberry spent more than a decade with NPR as a general assignment reporter, Middle East correspondent and host of several programs. During the Persian Gulf War (1990-91), Hockenberry was assigned to the Middle East, where he filed reports from Israel, Tunisia, Morocco, Jordan, Turkey, Iraq and Iran. He was one of the first Western broadcast journalists to report from Kurdish refugee camps in Northern Iraq and Southern Turkey. Hockenberry also spent two years (1988-90) as a correspondent based in Jerusalem during the most intensive conflict of the Palestinian uprising. Hockenberry received the Columbia Dupont Award for Foreign News Coverage for reporting on the Gulf War.

 

More profile about the speaker
John Hockenberry | Speaker | TED.com