ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Scilla Elworthy - Peace builder
Scilla Elworthy founded Oxford Research Group in 1982, to promote effective dialogue between nuclear weapons policy-makers and their opponents.

Why you should listen

When Scilla Elworthy was 13, she sat in front of her television set watching as Soviet tanks rolled into Budapest. Immediately she started packing her bags. "What are you doing?" her mother said. "I'm going to Budapest," she said. "They're doing something awful and I have to go." Years later, Elworthy is a three-time Nobel Peace Prize nominee and a recipient of the Niwano Peace Prize. In 2002 Elworthy founded Peace Direct, which supports local action against conflict, and in 1982 founded Oxford Research Group, a think-tank devoted to developing effective dialogue between nuclear weapons policy-makers and their critics. Beginning in 2005 she helped set up The Elders initiative as an adviser to Sir Richard Branson, Peter Gabriel and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

More profile about the speaker
Scilla Elworthy | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxExeter

Scilla Elworthy: Fighting with nonviolence

Scilla Elworthy:非暴力抗爭

Filmed:
1,241,517 views

在面對威脅時如何以不使用武力的方式回擊?在這個充滿智慧的演講中,和平活動家Scilla Elworthy解釋了我們需要的技巧——國家和個人都需要這些技巧——來不以武力的方式對抗極端暴力。爲了解答爲什麽非暴力有效以及如何有效的問題,她引用了曆史上的名人——Aung San Suu Kyi,穆罕穆德·甘地,尼爾遜·曼德拉——以及支撐和平抗爭的個人哲學。(在TEDxExeter錄制)
- Peace builder
Scilla Elworthy founded Oxford Research Group in 1982, to promote effective dialogue between nuclear weapons policy-makers and their opponents. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
In half a century世紀 of trying to help prevent避免 wars戰爭,
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在爲防止戰爭所做的半個世紀工作中,
00:20
there's one question that never leaves樹葉 me:
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我始終有一個問題:
00:23
How do we deal合同 with extreme極端 violence暴力
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我們在不使用暴力的情況下
00:27
without using運用 force in return返回?
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如何面對極端暴力?
00:31
When you're faced面對 with brutality殘酷,
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當你面對暴力,
00:33
whether是否 it's a child兒童 facing面對 a bully欺負 on a playground操場
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不管是一個小孩面對欺負他的小混混,
00:36
or domestic國內 violence暴力 --
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還是家庭暴力
00:38
or, on the streets街道 of Syria敘利亞 today今天,
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或者是敘利亞今天的街道上
00:41
facing面對 tanks坦克 and shrapnel彈片,
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面對坦克和彈藥,
00:43
what's the most effective有效 thing to do?
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最有效的方式是什麽?
00:47
Fight鬥爭 back? Give in?
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反擊?屈服?
00:49
Use more force?
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使用更多暴力?
00:53
This question: "How do I deal合同 with a bully欺負
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“我在不變成暴徒的情況下
00:57
without becoming變得 a thug暴徒 in return返回?"
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如何面對威脅?”這個問題
01:00
has been with me ever since以來 I was a child兒童.
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自從我還是孩子時就伴隨著我。
01:03
I remember記得 I was about 13,
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我記得當我大約13歲時,
01:06
glued膠合 to a grainy顆粒感 black黑色 and white白色 television電視 in my parents'父母' living活的 room房間
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被我父母房間裏的黑白電視所吸引
01:11
as Soviet蘇聯 tanks坦克 rolled熱軋 into Budapest布達佩斯,
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電視上放著蘇聯坦克開過布達佩斯,
01:15
and kids孩子 not much older舊的 than me
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和我差不多大的孩子
01:18
were throwing投擲 themselves他們自己 at the tanks坦克
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在坦克前逃跑
01:20
and getting得到 mown割完 down.
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並且被碾壓過去。
01:23
And I rushed upstairs樓上 and started開始 packing填料 my suitcase手提箱.
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然後我就跑上了樓梯打包我的行李。
01:26
And my mother母親 came來了 up and said, "What on Earth地球 are you doing?"
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媽媽說:“你在幹什麽?”
01:29
And I said, "I'm going to Budapest布達佩斯."
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我說:“我要去布達佩斯。”
01:31
And she said, "What on Earth地球 for?"
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她說“爲什麽”
01:34
And I said, "Kids童裝 are getting得到 killed殺害 there.
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我說“他們在殺害那些孩子。
01:36
There's something terrible可怕 happening事件."
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有一些可怕的事正在發生。”
01:38
And she said, "Don't be so silly愚蠢."
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她說“別傻了。”
01:40
And I started開始 to cry.
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然後我就開始哭。
01:43
And she got it, she said,
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她懂了,說,
01:45
"Okay, I see it's serious嚴重.
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“我知道這很嚴重。
01:47
You're much too young年輕 to help.
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但你太小了。
01:49
You need training訓練. I'll help you.
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你需要訓練。來我幫你。
01:52
But just unpack解壓 your suitcase手提箱."
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但先把行李放下。”
01:54
And so I got some training訓練
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然後我得到了一些訓練
01:58
and went and worked工作 in Africa非洲 during most of my 20s.
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並且在20幾歲時到非洲工作。
02:02
But I realized實現 that what I really needed需要 to know
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但我意識到我真正需要的
02:05
I couldn't不能 get from training訓練 courses培訓班.
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卻是我從那些訓練中得不到的。
02:08
I wanted to understand理解
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我想知道
02:10
how violence暴力, how oppression壓迫, works作品.
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暴力,壓迫有什麽作用。
02:14
And what I've discovered發現 since以來 is this:
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我發現:
02:19
Bullies惡霸 use violence暴力 in three ways方法.
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惡棍使用三種暴力。
02:23
They use political政治 violence暴力 to intimidate威嚇,
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政治暴力來威懾,
02:29
physical物理 violence暴力 to terrorize威懾
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肉體暴力來恐嚇,
02:34
and mental心理 or emotional情緒化 violence暴力 to undermine破壞.
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以及精神暴力來摧毀。
02:42
And only very rarely很少 in very few少數 cases
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並且用更多的暴力
02:45
does it work to use more violence暴力.
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幾乎不起作用。
02:48
Nelson納爾遜 Mandela曼德拉 went to jail監獄 believing相信 in violence暴力,
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尼爾遜·曼德拉在相信暴力時被送進了監獄,
02:55
and 27 years年份 later後來
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27年後,
02:57
he and his colleagues同事
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他和同事
02:59
had slowly慢慢地 and carefully小心
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已經慢慢地,很仔細地
03:01
honed磨練 the skills技能, the incredible難以置信 skills技能, that they needed需要
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練成了把一個窮凶極惡的政府
03:06
to turn one of the most vicious惡毒 governments政府 the world世界 has known已知
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變成一個
03:10
into a democracy民主.
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民主政府的技能。
03:12
And they did it in a total devotion忠誠 to non-violence非暴力.
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並且他們以一種完全非暴力的方式實現。
03:16
They realized實現 that using運用 force against反對 force
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他們發現以暴制暴
03:24
doesn't work.
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不管用。
03:29
So what does work?
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那什麽管用?
03:31
Over time I've collected about a half-dozen methods方法
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在這些年裏我積累了一些管用的方法
03:34
that do work -- of course課程 there are many許多 more --
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當然方法還有很多
03:36
that do work and that are effective有效.
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這些方法的確管用。
03:39
And the first is
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第一個是
03:40
that the change更改 that has to take place地點
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該發生的改變
03:42
has to take place地點 here, inside me.
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必須發生。
03:47
It's my response響應, my attitude態度, to oppression壓迫
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我的對壓迫的反應,態度就是
03:51
that I've got control控制 over,
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我必須控制,
03:54
and that I can do something about.
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並且我能做一些事。
03:56
And what I need to develop發展 is self-knowledge自知之明 to do that.
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我需要的就是增長知識。
04:00
That means手段 I need to know how I tick,
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這意味著當我垮掉時
04:03
when I collapse坍方,
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我要知道如何保持平衡,
04:05
where my formidable強大 points are,
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我的優點在哪,
04:09
where my weaker較弱 points are.
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我的弱點在哪。
04:12
When do I give in?
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我什麽時候屈服?
04:13
What will I stand up for?
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我爲了什麽堅持?
04:19
And meditation冥想 or self-inspection自查
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冥想或自我反思
04:24
is one of the ways方法 -- again it's not the only one --
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是一種方式——當然也不是唯一的方式——
04:26
it's one of the ways方法
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這是一種方式
04:27
of gaining取得 this kind of inner power功率.
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來獲得這種內在的力量。
04:32
And my heroine女英雄 here -- like Satish's薩蒂什的 --
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我戲中的英雄是
04:34
is Aung San Suu Kyi in Burma緬甸.
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在緬甸的Aung San Suu Kyi
04:37
She was leading領導 a group of students學生們
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她是一群在Rangoon的學生抗議團隊
04:41
on a protest抗議 in the streets街道 of Rangoon仰光.
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的領導者。
04:43
They came來了 around a corner faced面對 with a row of machine guns槍砲.
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他們面對一排機關槍,
04:47
And she realized實現 straight直行 away
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她立刻意識到
04:48
that the soldiers士兵 with their fingers手指 shaking發抖 on the triggers觸發器
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在扳機上手抖動的士兵
04:52
were more scared害怕 than the student學生 protesters抗議者 behind背後 her.
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比學生抗議者更害怕。
04:58
But she told the students學生們 to sit down.
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但她告訴學生坐下。
05:01
And she walked forward前鋒 with such這樣 calm冷靜 and such這樣 clarity明晰
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然後她以出奇的冷靜
05:08
and such這樣 total lack缺乏 of fear恐懼
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無畏
05:12
that she could walk步行 right up to the first gun,
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走向第一個槍,
05:16
put her hand on it and lower降低 it.
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把她的手放上去,把槍放下來,
05:24
And no one got killed殺害.
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所有人都安全了。
05:27
So that's what the mastery征服 of fear恐懼 can do --
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這就是控制恐懼能做的——
05:31
not only faced面對 with machine guns槍砲,
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不僅當面對機關槍時,
05:34
but if you meet遇到 a knife fight鬥爭 in the street.
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更是當你在路上遇到刀戰。
05:38
But we have to practice實踐.
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但我們必須練習。
05:40
So what about our fear恐懼?
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那麽我們害怕什麽呢?
05:42
I have a little mantra口頭禪.
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我有一箴言。
05:47
My fear恐懼 grows成長 fat脂肪
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我越害怕,
05:51
on the energy能源 I feed飼料 it.
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我的恐懼越大。
05:53
And if it grows成長 very big
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如果恐懼太大了,
05:55
it probably大概 happens發生.
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不好的事情就會發生了。
05:57
So we all know the three o'clock in the morning早上 syndrome綜合徵,
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我們都知道淩晨三點綜合征,
06:02
when something you've been worrying令人擔憂 about wakes醒來 you up --
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當一些你擔心的事把你弄醒,
06:05
I see a lot of people --
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我看到許多人
06:07
and for an hour小時 you toss折騰 and turn,
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你害怕一小時
06:11
it gets得到 worse更差 and worse更差,
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然後他越來越厲害,
06:12
and by four o'clock you're pinned固定 to the pillow枕頭
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在四點你被一個這麽大的怪獸
06:15
by a monster怪物 this big.
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釘在枕頭上
06:18
The only thing to do
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唯一能做的
06:20
is to get up, make a cup杯子 of tea
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就是起床,衝杯茶,
06:21
and sit down with the fear恐懼 like a child兒童 beside you.
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然後和恐懼一起坐下,
06:27
You're the adult成人.
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你是一個成人,
06:29
The fear恐懼 is the child兒童.
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恐懼像孩子,
06:31
And you talk to the fear恐懼
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你和恐懼說話
06:32
and you ask it what it wants, what it needs需求.
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你問他他要什麽
06:36
How can this be made製作 better?
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這怎樣變得更好
06:40
How can the child兒童 feel stronger?
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這個孩子如何變得更強壯?
06:42
And you make a plan計劃.
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然後你有一個計劃。
06:43
And you say, "Okay, now we're going back to sleep睡覺.
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你說“好吧,我們要睡覺了。
06:45
Half-past點半鐘 seven, we're getting得到 up and that's what we're going to do."
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七點半,我們再起床。”
06:49
I had one of these 3 a.m. episodes發作 on Sunday星期日 --
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在周日我就有過這種經曆
06:55
paralyzed with fear恐懼 at coming未來 to talk to you.
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已經被恐懼所感到癱瘓
06:59
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:01
So I did the thing.
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所以我這麽做了。
07:02
I got up, made製作 the cup杯子 of tea, satSAT down with it, did it all
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我起床,衝杯茶,坐下,做了這一切
07:07
and I'm here -- still partly部分地 paralyzed, but I'm here.
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所以我在這裏——仍然有些麻木,但我在這裏。
07:11
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
07:15
So that's fear恐懼. What about anger憤怒?
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所以這就是恐懼。那憤怒呢?
07:18
Wherever哪裡 there is injustice不公正 there's anger憤怒.
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只要有不公正就有憤怒。
07:22
But anger憤怒 is like gasoline汽油,
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但憤怒像汽油,
07:25
and if you spray噴霧 it around and somebody lights燈火 a match比賽,
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如果你潑出汽油,然後有人點了一個火柴,
07:28
you've got an inferno地獄.
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那你就在地獄裏了。
07:30
But anger憤怒 as an engine發動機 -- in an engine發動機 -- is powerful強大.
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但作爲引擎,憤怒是很有力的。
07:36
If we can put our anger憤怒 inside an engine發動機,
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如果我們能把憤怒放入引擎裏,
07:40
it can drive駕駛 us forward前鋒,
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他能帶我們向前,
07:41
it can get us through通過 the dreadful可怕 moments瞬間
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他能讓我們走過悲慘的時刻,
07:44
and it can give us real真實 inner power功率.
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能給我們真正的內部力量。
07:48
And I learned學到了 this in my work
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我在和核武器政策制定者的
07:52
with nuclear weapon武器 policy-makers政策制定者.
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工作中知道了這個
07:54
Because at the beginning開始 I was so outraged憤怒
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因爲一開始我對于
07:57
at the dangers危險 they were exposing曝光 us to
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他們給我們帶來的危險感到很憤怒
08:00
that I just wanted to argue爭論 and blame and make them wrong錯誤.
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以至于我想辯論,責備,並且讓他們感到錯誤。
08:05
Totally完全 ineffective不靈.
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根本不管用。
08:08
In order訂購 to develop發展 a dialogue對話 for change更改
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爲了開始一個帶來改變的對話,
08:11
we have to deal合同 with our anger憤怒.
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我們需要應付我們的憤怒。
08:13
It's okay to be angry憤怒 with the thing --
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對此感到憤怒很正常
08:18
the nuclear weapons武器 in this case案件 --
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也就是核武器
08:20
but it is hopeless絕望 to be angry憤怒 with the people.
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但對人憤怒是沒有用的。
08:24
They are human人的 beings眾生 just like us.
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他們和我們一樣是人。
08:27
And they're doing what they think is best最好.
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他們在做他們認爲對的。
08:29
And that's the basis基礎 on which哪一個 we have to talk with them.
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而這就是我們和他們交流的基礎。
08:33
So that's the third第三 one, anger憤怒.
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所以這就是第三個,憤怒。
08:36
And it brings帶來 me to the crux癥結
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現在我們來到了這次演講的核心,
08:38
of what's going on, or what I perceive感知 as going on,
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也就是現在在這個世界
08:41
in the world世界 today今天,
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正在發生什麽,
08:42
which哪一個 is that last century世紀 was top-down自頂向下 power功率.
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在上個世紀是由上而下的權利。
08:46
It was still governments政府 telling告訴 people what to do.
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過去政府仍然告訴人們該做什麽。
08:50
This century世紀 there's a shift轉移.
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這個世紀有了變化。
08:52
It's bottom-up自下而上 or grassroots基層 power功率.
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現在是由下而上或者說草根權利。
08:56
It's like mushrooms蘑菇 coming未來 through通過 concrete具體.
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想從混凝土中長出的蘑菇。
08:59
It's people joining加盟 up with people, as Bundy邦迪 just said, miles英里 away
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像Bundy所說,是人和人連結在一起,
09:06
to bring帶來 about change更改.
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來帶來改變。
09:08
And Peace和平 Direct直接 spotted quite相當 early on
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和平指導這個項目很快就發現了
09:12
that local本地 people in areas of very hot conflict衝突
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在衝突發生的地區的當地人
09:16
know what to do.
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知道該做什麽。
09:18
They know best最好 what to do.
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他們知道最好做什麽。
09:21
So Peace和平 Direct直接 gets得到 behind背後 them to do that.
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所以和平指導爲他們提供支持。
09:24
And the kind of thing they're doing
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他們做的是
09:26
is demobilizing復員 militias民兵,
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解散軍隊,
09:29
rebuilding重建 economies經濟,
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重建經濟,
09:32
resettling安置 refugees難民,
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安置難民,
09:34
even liberating解放 child兒童 soldiers士兵.
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甚至解放兒童軍人。
09:40
And they have to risk風險 their lives生活 almost幾乎 every一切 day
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他們爲這些事必須要
09:43
to do this.
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冒生命風險。
09:46
And what they've他們已經 realized實現
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他們已經意識到了
09:50
is that using運用 violence暴力 in the situations情況 they operate操作 in
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在這些情況下使用武力
09:55
is not only less humane人道,
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不僅更不人道,
09:59
but it's less effective有效
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而且更沒有效果,
10:01
than using運用 methods方法 that connect people with people, that rebuild重建.
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和連接每個人這種方式比起來。
10:08
And I think that the U.S. military軍事
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我認爲美國部隊
10:12
is finally最後 beginning開始 to get this.
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終于開始懂得這些了。
10:19
Up to now their counter-terrorism反恐 policy政策
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直到現在爲止他們的反恐政策
10:21
has been to kill insurgents叛亂分子 at almost幾乎 any cost成本,
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一直是不惜代價殺死暴亂的人,
10:26
and if civilians老百姓 get in the way,
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並且如果平民在其中得到了傷害,
10:29
that's written書面 as "collateral抵押 damage損傷."
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這會被記錄爲“附屬傷害”。
10:34
And this is so infuriating氣死人 and humiliating羞辱
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這激怒並羞辱了
10:40
for the population人口 of Afghanistan阿富汗,
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阿富汗人,
10:43
that it makes品牌 the recruitment招聘 for al-Qaeda基地組織 very easy簡單,
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所以,比如,當人們被焚燒可蘭經激怒時,
10:47
when people are so disgusted厭惡的 by, for example,
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基地組織的擴充
10:50
the burning燃燒 of the Koran可蘭經.
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就很容易了。
10:53
So the training訓練 of the troops軍隊 has to change更改.
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所以部隊的訓練必須改變。
10:56
And I think there are signs跡象 that it is beginning開始 to change更改.
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我認爲現在已經有改變的迹象了。
11:01
The British英國的 military軍事 have always been much better at this.
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英國部隊已經做得很好了。
11:03
But there is one magnificent華麗的 example for them to take their cue球桿 from,
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現在他們能得到一個很好的暗示,
11:09
and that's a brilliant輝煌 U.S. lieutenant陸軍中尉 colonel陸軍上校
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這就是一個美國陸軍上尉,
11:12
called Chris克里斯 Hughes休斯.
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克裏斯·休。
11:14
And he was leading領導 his men男人 down the streets街道 of Najaf納傑夫 --
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他正在帶領他的人在
11:18
in Iraq伊拉克 actually其實 --
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伊拉克——
11:20
and suddenly突然 people were pouring澆注 out of the houses房屋 on either side of the road,
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一瞬間人們就從街道兩旁的房屋中衝出來,
11:25
screaming尖叫, yelling大呼小叫, furiously瘋狂 angry憤怒,
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尖叫,呐喊,極爲憤怒,
11:30
and surrounded包圍 these very young年輕 troops軍隊 who were completely全然 terrified,
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並包圍了這些已經被驚嚇到的士兵,
11:34
didn't know what was going on, couldn't不能 speak說話 Arabic阿拉伯.
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這些士兵不知道發生了什麽,也不會說阿拉伯語。
11:37
And Chris克里斯 Hughes休斯 strode大步流星 into the middle中間 of the throng人群
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克裏斯·休走到人群中間
11:41
with his weapon武器 above以上 his head, pointing指點 at the ground地面,
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把武器舉在頭上,指著地面,
11:45
and he said, "Kneel下跪."
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說“跪下”。
11:47
And these huge巨大 soldiers士兵
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然後休的士兵
11:50
with their backpacks背包 and their body身體 armor盔甲,
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帶著他們的背包和武裝
11:52
wobbled搖搖晃晃 to the ground地面.
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搖晃的趴在地上。
11:57
And complete完成 silence安靜 fell下跌.
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然後沒有一點聲音。
12:03
And after about two minutes分鐘,
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兩分鍾過後,
12:05
everybody每個人 moved移動 aside在旁邊 and went home.
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人群散開並回家。
12:10
Now that to me is wisdom智慧 in action行動.
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這在我認爲就是智慧。
12:15
In the moment時刻, that's what he did.
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在那一刻,那就是他做的。
12:19
And it's happening事件 everywhere到處 now.
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現在在每個地方都會發生。
12:25
You don't believe me?
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你不相信我?
12:27
Have you asked yourselves你自己
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你有沒有問過自己
12:31
why and how so many許多 dictatorships獨裁 have collapsed倒塌
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爲什麽以及有多少獨裁政府
12:35
over the last 30 years年份?
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在過去30年內倒塌了?
12:38
Dictatorships專制 in Czechoslovakia捷克斯洛伐克, East Germany德國,
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在捷克斯洛伐克,東德
12:43
Estonia愛沙尼亞, Latvia拉脫維亞, Lithuania立陶宛,
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愛沙尼亞,拉脫維亞,立陶宛,
12:48
Mali馬里, Madagascar馬達加斯加,
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馬裏,馬達加斯加,
12:51
Poland波蘭, the Philippines菲律賓,
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波蘭,菲律賓,
12:54
Serbia塞爾維亞, Slovenia斯洛文尼亞, I could go on,
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塞爾維亞,斯洛維尼亞的獨裁政府,我可以繼續,
12:59
and now Tunisia突尼斯 and Egypt埃及.
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還有現在的突尼斯和埃及。
13:04
And this hasn't有沒有 just happened發生.
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這還沒有發生。
13:08
A lot of it is due應有 to a book
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很多這些都是因爲
13:11
written書面 by an 80-year-old-歲 man in Boston波士頓, Gene基因 Sharp尖銳.
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一本在波士頓的80歲老人Gene Sharp寫的書而發生的。
13:16
He wrote a book called "From Dictatorship專政 to Democracy民主"
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書名是“從獨裁到民主”
13:20
with 81 methodologies方法 for non-violent非暴力 resistance抵抗性.
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寫了非暴力抗爭的81種方法。
13:25
And it's been translated翻譯 into 26 languages語言.
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這本書被翻譯成了26種語言。
13:27
It's flown飛行 around the world世界.
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現在在全世界流行。
13:29
And it's being存在 used by young年輕 people and older舊的 people everywhere到處,
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這本書被世界各地的人使用,
13:36
because it works作品 and it's effective有效.
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因爲它很有效。
13:42
So this is what gives me hope希望 --
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這本書給了我希望——
13:46
not just hope希望, this is what makes品牌 me feel very positive right now.
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不只是希望,這本書讓我感覺到我是對的,
13:50
Because finally最後 human人的 beings眾生 are getting得到 it.
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因爲人們最後正在達到它。
13:54
We're getting得到 practical實際的, doable可行 methodologies方法
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我們在使用實用的,可行的方法
14:02
to answer回答 my question:
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來回答我的問題:
14:03
How do we deal合同 with a bully欺負 without becoming變得 a thug暴徒?
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我們在面對威脅時如何不使用暴力?
14:10
We're using運用 the kind of skills技能 that I've outlined概述:
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我們正在用我說過的方法:
14:14
inner power功率 -- the development發展 of inner power功率 -- through通過 self-knowledge自知之明,
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內在的力量,自我了解
14:18
recognizing認識 and working加工 with our fear恐懼,
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認識並且利用我們的恐懼,
14:21
using運用 anger憤怒 as a fuel汽油,
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把憤怒化作燃料,
14:25
cooperating合作 with others其他,
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與他人合作,
14:27
banding帶狀 together一起 with others其他,
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和他人結合在一起,
14:29
courage勇氣,
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勇氣,
14:32
and most importantly重要的, commitment承諾 to active活性 non-violence非暴力.
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以及最重要的,積極的非暴力抗爭。
14:39
Now I don't just believe in non-violence非暴力.
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現在我不僅僅相信非暴力。
14:43
I don't have to believe in it.
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我不用相信它。
14:46
I see evidence證據 everywhere到處 of how it works作品.
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我已經在所有地方看到了它如何工作。
14:49
And I see that we, ordinary普通 people,
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現在我看到,我們,普通人,
14:55
can do what Aung San Suu Kyi and Ghandi甘地 and Mandela曼德拉 did.
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能做Aung San Suu Kyi,甘地,和曼德拉所做的。
15:02
We can bring帶來 to an end結束
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我們能終結
15:04
the bloodiest血腥 century世紀 that humanity人性 has ever known已知.
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人類曆史上見過的最血腥的時代。
15:09
And we can organize組織 to overcome克服 oppression壓迫
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我們可以通過打開我們的心
15:17
by opening開盤 our hearts心中
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來組織克服鎮壓,
15:20
as well as strengthening強化 this incredible難以置信 resolve解決.
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同時堅定決心。
15:26
And this open-heartedness爽直 is exactly究竟 what I've experienced有經驗的
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這種開放的胸懷正是
15:30
in the entire整個 organization組織 of this gathering蒐集 since以來 I got here yesterday昨天.
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我從昨天在這裏在整個集會組織中所感受到的。
15:35
Thank you.
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謝謝。
15:37
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Yilun Zhou
Reviewed by Yuguo Zhang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Scilla Elworthy - Peace builder
Scilla Elworthy founded Oxford Research Group in 1982, to promote effective dialogue between nuclear weapons policy-makers and their opponents.

Why you should listen

When Scilla Elworthy was 13, she sat in front of her television set watching as Soviet tanks rolled into Budapest. Immediately she started packing her bags. "What are you doing?" her mother said. "I'm going to Budapest," she said. "They're doing something awful and I have to go." Years later, Elworthy is a three-time Nobel Peace Prize nominee and a recipient of the Niwano Peace Prize. In 2002 Elworthy founded Peace Direct, which supports local action against conflict, and in 1982 founded Oxford Research Group, a think-tank devoted to developing effective dialogue between nuclear weapons policy-makers and their critics. Beginning in 2005 she helped set up The Elders initiative as an adviser to Sir Richard Branson, Peter Gabriel and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

More profile about the speaker
Scilla Elworthy | Speaker | TED.com