TEDxBoston 2012
Caitria + Morgan O'Neill: How to step up in the face of disaster
Caitria 與 Morgan O'Neill: 如何從災難中站出來
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
915,391 views
在自然災難來臨後，只有一個很小的機會趕在世界轉移他們注意力之前去聚集有效的力量用於重建工作。誰應該負責這件事呢? 當一場強大的颶風來到他們的家鄉，O'Neill 姐妹 Caitria 和 Morgan (分別為 20 和 24 歲) 接過了韁繩並且教導其他人做同樣的事。(錄製於TEDxBoston)
Caitria O'Neill - Disaster relief expert
When a freak tornado hit her Massachusetts hometown, Caitria O’Neill wasn't an expert in disaster relief recovery. But she learned quickly and is now passing her knowledge on through the website Recovers.org. Full bioMorgan O'Neill - Disaster relief expert
Pursuing her PhD in atmospheric science did not prepare Morgan O'Neill for a freak tornado hitting her hometown. With her sister, she helped coordinate a local relief effort and is teaching other towns to do the same through the website Recovers.org. Full bio
When a freak tornado hit her Massachusetts hometown, Caitria O’Neill wasn't an expert in disaster relief recovery. But she learned quickly and is now passing her knowledge on through the website Recovers.org. Full bioMorgan O'Neill - Disaster relief expert
Pursuing her PhD in atmospheric science did not prepare Morgan O'Neill for a freak tornado hitting her hometown. With her sister, she helped coordinate a local relief effort and is teaching other towns to do the same through the website Recovers.org. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:19
Newscaster: There's a large path of destruction here in town.
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新聞廣播員：（龍捲風）在這個鎮上沿路造成極大的損害
00:21
... hit here pulling trees from the ground, shattering windows,
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樹連根拔起，吹破窗戶玻璃
00:24
taking the roofs off of homes.
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屋頂也被掀起
00:27
Caitria O'Neill: That was me
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Caitria O'Neill: 那個就是我在
00:30
in front of our house in Monson, Massachusetts last June.
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去年六月時，站在我們麻州 Monson 的房子前面，
00:33
After an EF3 tornado ripped straight through our town
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藤田級數三級的龍捲風直接穿過我們住的鎮上
00:36
and took parts of our roof off,
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把一部分的屋頂掀開
00:38
I decided to stay in Massachusetts
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我決定留在麻州
00:40
instead of pursuing the master's program
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放棄攻讀碩士
00:42
I had moved my boxes home that afternoon for.
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那天下午，我把所有行李都搬回家
00:45
Morgan O'Neill: So, on June 1st we weren't disaster experts,
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Morgan O'Neill: 因此，在6月1號時我們不是災難專家
00:48
but on June 3rd we started faking it.
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不過到了3號我們就
00:50
This experience changed our lives.
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這段經歷改變了我們的生活
00:52
And now we're trying to change the experience.
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而現在我們在試圖去改變經歷
00:54
CO: So tornadoes don't happen in Massachusetts.
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龍捲風通常不會在麻州出現
00:57
And I was cleverly standing in the front yard
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我那時很聰明的站在前院
00:59
when one came over the hill.
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而龍捲風正朝著山丘走來
01:00
After a lamppost flew by, my family and I sprinted into the basement.
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在一個路燈飛過之後，我和我的家人衝到地下室裡
01:03
Trees were thrown against the house, the windows exploded.
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樹木全被吹向我們的房子，玻璃都炸開了
01:06
When we finally got out the back door,
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當我們終於可以後門出去時
01:08
transformers were burning in the street.
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路旁的變壓器都燒了起來
01:11
MO: So I was here in Boston.
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MO: 我當時在波士頓
01:12
I'm a PhD student at MIT,
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在麻省理工學院 (MIT) 唸博士
01:14
and I happen to study atmospheric science.
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正好是念大氣科學
01:16
Actually it gets weirder.
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我的經歷更奇怪
01:18
So I was in the museum of science at the time the tornado hit,
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龍捲風經過時，我正在科學博物館
01:22
playing with the tornado display.
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玩龍捲風模擬展示
01:24
So I missed her call.
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所以我沒聽到她的來電
01:26
So I get the call from Caitria, I hear the news,
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等我接到了 Caitria 的電話，聽到新聞
01:28
and I start tracking the radar online
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就開始在網路上追蹤雷達回波
01:29
to call the family back when another supercell was forming in their area.
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當我發現另外一個超級風暴胞正在附近形成時，便打電話告訴家人
01:33
And I drove home late that night with batteries and ice.
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在當天深夜帶著電池和冰塊開車返家
01:35
We live across the street from an historic church
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我們住在一個有富有歷史的教堂對面
01:38
that had lost its very iconic steeple in the storm.
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在這次風暴中，教堂失去了他們最具代表性的尖頂
01:40
It had become a community gathering place overnight.
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成為整個社區過夜的據點
01:43
The town hall and the police department had also suffered direct hits,
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市政廳和警察局也受到直接衝擊
01:46
and so people wanting to help or needing information
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所以想提供協助或者需要資訊的人
01:49
went to the church.
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都去了教堂
01:50
CO: We walked up to the church because we heard that they had hot meals,
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CO：我們聽說他們提供熱食，便往教堂走去
01:53
but when we arrived we found problems.
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不過當我們抵達時便發現一些問題
01:55
There were a couple large, sweaty men with chainsaws
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有幾個強壯又滿身大汗的男人，手裏拿著電鋸
01:57
standing in the center of the church,
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站在教堂的中間
01:58
but nobody knew where to send them
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不過沒人知道該把他們送去哪
02:00
because no one knew the extent of the damage yet.
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因為不知道損害的實際情形如何
02:02
And as we watched, they became frustrated and left
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當我們看著時，他們便覺得沮喪而離開了
02:04
to go find somebody to help on their own.
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自己去找需要幫助的人
02:07
MO: So we started organizing.
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MO: 我們便開始組織
02:08
Why? It had to be done. We found Pastor Bob
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為什麼？總有人得出面吧。我們找到了 Bob 牧師
02:11
and offered to give the response some infrastructure.
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然後提供了一些應變的基礎設施
02:13
And then armed with just two laptops and one AirCard,
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隨後我們帶著兩個手提電腦和一張無線網卡
02:16
we built a recovery machine.
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建造了一個恢復機器
02:22
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
02:24
CO: That was a tornado,
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CO: 那是個龍捲風
02:25
and everyone's heading to the church to drop things off and volunteer.
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每個人都到教堂裡捐東西或當義工
02:28
MO: Everyone's donating clothing.
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MO: 每個人都在捐衣服
02:29
We should really inventory the donations that are piling up here.
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我們得把這些堆積如山的捐贈品列個清單
02:32
CO: Yeah, and we need a hotline. Can you make a Google Voice number?
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CO: 沒錯，還需要一個熱線，你能不能弄個 Google Voice 的號碼來
02:35
MO: Yeah, sure. And we need to tell people what not to bring.
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MO: 沒問題，然後我們得告訴其他人哪些東西不用拿來
02:37
I'll make a Facebook account. Can you print flyers for the neighborhoods?
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我去弄個 Facebook 帳號，你可以把那些傳單都印出來嗎?
02:40
CO: Yeah, but we don't even know what houses are accepting help at this point.
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CO: 嗯，可是我們連那些房子現在需要幫助都不知道
02:43
We need to canvas and send out volunteers.
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我們需要作些調查並且派出義工
02:45
MO: We need to tell people what not to bring.
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MO: 得告訴其他人哪些東西不用拿來
02:46
Hey, there's a news truck. I'll tell them.
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看，那裡有輛新聞轉播車，我去告訴他們
02:48
CO: You got my number off the news?
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CO: 你從新聞上看到我的號碼？
02:50
We don't need any more freezers.
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我們不需要冷凍箱了
02:53
MO: The insurance won't cover it? You need a crew to tar your roof? CO: Six packs of juice boxes arriving in one hour?
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MO: 保險沒保這個？你需要一群人重鋪你家屋頂？ CO: 六箱果汁一小時就到?
02:56
Together: Someone get me Post-its!
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一起: 來人給我把便利貼拿來!
02:58
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:58
CO: And then the rest of the community figured out
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CO: 然後其他的社區居民發現
03:01
that we had answers.
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我們已經找到辦法了
03:02
MO: I can donate three water heaters,
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MO: 我可以捐三個熱水器
03:04
but someone needs to come pick them up.
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不過得有人過來拿
03:06
CO: My car is in my living room.
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CO: 我車在我客廳呢
03:07
MO: My boyscout troop would like to rebuild 12 mailboxes.
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MO: 我的童子軍小隊想重建12個郵筒
03:10
CO: The puppy's missing, and insurance just doesn't cover the chimneys.
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CO: 有些小狗不見了，而且保險沒保到煙囪
03:14
MO: My church group of 50 would like housing and meals for a week
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MO: 我的教堂小組裡有五十人，需要一週的住所的食物
03:17
while we repair properties.
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就在我們進行修復時
03:18
CO: You sent me to that place on Washington Street yesterday,
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CO: 你昨天把我送到 Waington 街上那個地方
03:20
and now I'm covered in poison ivy.
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現在我被有毒常春藤蓋住了
03:22
So this is what filled our days.
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這些事情讓我們整天忙得團團轉
03:25
We had to learn how to answer questions quickly
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得學會如何快速應對
03:28
and to solve problems in about a minute or less,
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然後再一分鐘內解決問題
03:30
because otherwise something more urgent would come up,
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不然其他更緊急的事情會冒出來
03:32
and it just wouldn't get done.
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這些問題就無法解決
03:34
MO: We didn't get our authority from the board of selectmen
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MO: 我們的權限，不是從市政管理委員會
03:36
or the emergency management director or the United Way.
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緊急管理總監，或是聯合勸募來的
03:39
We just started answering questions and making decisions
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我們只不過是開始回答問題和做出決定
03:42
because someone, anyone, had to.
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因為有人必須這麼做
03:45
And why not me? I'm a campaign organizer.
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除了我還有誰呢？我是社運組織者
03:47
I'm good at Facebook.
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我很熟悉 Facebook
03:48
And there's two of me.
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而且還有兩個我
03:49
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:50
CO: The point is, if there's a flood or a fire or a hurricane,
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CO: 我們想說的是，如果有洪水、大火、或者颶風
03:55
you, or somebody like you,
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你，或者像你一樣的人
03:56
are going to step up and start organizing things.
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將會站出來然後開始組織一切
03:58
The other point is that it is hard.
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但這也是很困難的一件事
04:01
MO: Lying on the ground after another 17-hour day,
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MO: 在又工作17小時後，我們躺在地上
04:04
Caitria and I would empty our pockets
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Caitria 和我把口袋裡的東西都掏出來
04:06
and try to place dozens of scraps of paper into context --
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然後試著從一堆零碎的紙片拼出完整情境
04:09
all bits of information that had to be remembered and matched
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所有資訊都得記下並核對
04:12
in order to help someone.
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這樣才能幫助其他人
04:13
After another day and a shower at the shelter,
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在另一天過後，我們在避難所洗澡
04:15
we realized it shouldn't be this hard.
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才意識到這應該沒那麼難
04:17
CO: In a country like ours
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CO: 在一個
04:18
where we breathe wi-fi,
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無線網路像是空氣一樣的國家
04:20
leveraging technology for a faster recovery should be a no-brainer.
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利用科技來增進快速復原應該很容易
04:24
Systems like the ones that we were creating on the fly
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像我們這樣匆促組成的系統
04:26
could exist ahead of time.
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其實可以提早準備好
04:28
And if some community member
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如果任何社區居民
04:29
is in this organizing position in every area after every disaster,
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在每次災難過後都在主導位置上
04:33
these tools should exist.
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應該要有這些工具
04:36
MO: So we decided to build them --
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MO: 所以我們決定把它們建造出來--
04:38
a recovery in a box,
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一個重建的工具箱
04:39
something that could be deployed after every disaster
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一些在災難後可以讓當地主導者
04:42
by any local organizer.
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可利用的工具
04:43
CO: I decided to stay in the country,
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CO: 我決定待在美國
04:45
give up the master's in Moscow
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放棄在莫斯科的碩士學位
04:47
and to work full-time to make this happen.
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然後全職工作來實現這一目標
04:49
In the course of the past year,
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就在前一年的這個過程裡
04:50
we've become experts in the field of community-powered disaster recovery.
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我們成為了社區式災難重建領域的專家
04:54
And there are three main problems that we've observed
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依我們從觀察，目前的情況
04:56
with the way things work currently.
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主要有三個問題，
04:59
MO: The tools. Large aid organizations are exceptional
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MO: 首先是工具。大型的救助組織都很擅長
05:02
at bringing massive resources to bear after a disaster,
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在災難後補給大量的資源
05:04
but they often fulfill very specific missions
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不過通常他們完成特定任務以後
05:07
and then they leave.
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就會離開了
05:08
This leaves local residents to deal
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留下當地居民去處理
05:10
with the thousands of spontaneous volunteers, thousands of donations,
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眾多志工、大量的捐贈物資
05:14
and all with no training and no tools.
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但當地居民未經訓練，也缺乏工具
05:16
So they use Post-its or Excel or Facebook.
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因此他們用即時貼、或者 Excel 或者 Facebook
05:19
But none of these tools allow you to value high-priority information
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但沒有工具可以讓你區別出首要的資訊，並加以重視
05:22
amidst all of the photos and well wishes.
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在當中全是照片和一些祝福
05:24
CO: The timing.
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CO: 第二是時間的把握
05:26
Disaster relief is essentially a backwards political campaign.
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災難救助其實是一個反過來的政治競選的過程
05:29
In a political campaign,
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在一場政治選舉中，
05:30
you start with no interest and no capacity to turn that into action.
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你從零開始，在毫無利益和能力的境況中付諸行動
05:34
You build both gradually
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你逐漸地開始發展
05:36
until a moment of peak mobilization at the time of the election.
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直到在選舉當中你這兩種能力帶到了最高點
05:38
In a disaster, however, you start with all of the interest
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在一個災難當中呢，你開始是有各種利益
05:41
and none of the capacity.
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但是沒有能力
05:43
And you've only got about seven days to capture
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而你只有七天
05:45
50 percent of all of the Web searches that will ever be made
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去獲取百分之五十的網絡搜索
05:49
to help your area.
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以拯救你那片區域
05:50
Then some sporting event happens,
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然後一些體育事件發生了
05:51
and you've got only the resources that you've collected thus far
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你只有你目前收集到的資源
05:54
to meet the next five years of recovery needs.
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去完成五年後所需的重建工作
05:58
This is the slide for Katrina.
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這是一個 Katrina 的幻燈片
06:00
This is the curve for Joplin.
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這是 Joplin 的曲線
06:02
And this is the curve for the Dallas tornadoes in April
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這個是在四月我們部署軟體時候
06:06
where we deployed software.
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對於達拉斯颶風的一個曲線
06:07
There's a gap here.
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這有個缺口
06:09
Affected households have to wait for the insurance adjuster to visit
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受災戶必須等著保險公司的理算員來之後
06:12
before they can start accepting help on their properties.
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他們的房產才能獲得幫助
06:15
And you've only got about four days of interest in Dallas.
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而且你在達拉斯只有4天的時間
06:19
MO: Data.
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MO: 最後一個是數據
06:20
Data is inherently unsexy,
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數據本來是沒什麼意思的
06:22
but it can jumpstart an area's recovery.
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不過對於一個區域的恢復可是很有效率
06:24
FEMA and the state
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FEMA (譯者注:Federal Emergency Management Agency 美國聯邦緊急事件管理局) 和州
06:26
will pay 85 percent of the cost of a federally declared disaster,
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會對一個聯邦認證的災難付款百分之 85 的損失
06:29
leaving the town to pay last 15 percent of the bill.
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然後剩下 %15 就留給城鎮自己去支付
06:32
Now that expense can be huge,
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開銷可以變得非常昂貴
06:33
but if the town can mobilize X amount of volunteers for Y hours,
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但如果這個城鎮可以召集 X 個志願者去服務 Y 個小時
06:37
the dollar value of that labor used
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這批勞動力帶來的美元價值
06:40
goes toward the town's contribution.
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直接就到城鎮的貢獻中去
06:42
But who knows that?
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不過誰知道呢?
06:43
Now try to imagine the sinking feeling you get
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現在，想像一下當你送出去 2000 志願者
06:46
when you've just sent out 2,000 volunteers and you can't prove it.
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但你無法證明的感覺是什麼樣
06:50
CO: These are three problems with a common solution.
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CO: 這三個問題都可以用一個方案來解決 (譯者總結: 工具、時間把握、數據)
06:53
If we can get the right tools at the right time
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如果我們能在正確的時間內得到對的工具
06:56
to the people who will inevitably step up
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送到那些可以站出來然後重建
06:58
and start putting their communities back together,
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社區的人們手中
07:00
we can create new standards in disaster recovery.
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我們就可以在災難恢復中創造新的標準
07:03
MO: We needed canvasing tools, donations databasing,
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MO: 我們需要監控工具，為捐贈品建立數據庫
07:06
needs reporting, remote volunteer access,
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需要回報和遠程聯繫志願者
07:09
all in an easy-to-use website.
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所有都在一個簡單的網站當中
07:11
CO: And we needed help.
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CO: 我們還需要幫助
07:13
Alvin, our software engineer and cofounder, has built these tools.
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我們的軟件工程師和投資人 Alvin 已經造好了這些工具
07:16
Chris and Bill have volunteered their time
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Chris 和 Bill 已經用他們志願的時間
07:17
to use operations and partnerships.
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去運作和尋找合作夥伴
07:20
And we've been flying into disaster areas since this past January,
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而我們一直在拜訪那些有災難的地區
07:23
setting up software, training residents
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建立軟件，訓練當地居民
07:26
and licensing the software to areas that are preparing for disasters.
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然後給軟體授權給各個地區，從而他們可以為救災做準備
07:30
MO: One of our first launches was after the Dallas tornadoes this past April.
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MO: 其中第一個就是在這個四月 Dallas 的颶風之後
07:33
We flew into a town that had a static outdated website
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我們到了一個有著過時網站和瘋狂 Facebook
07:37
and a frenetic Facebook feed trying to structure the response.
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帳戶的城鎮
07:40
And we launched our platform.
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於是我們建立了平臺
07:41
All of the interest came in the first four days,
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所有的利益在前 4 天就來了
07:43
but by the time they lost the news cycle,
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但是當他們丟掉了新聞圈的時候，
07:45
that's when the needs came in,
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我們就有更多的需要
07:46
yet they had this massive resource of what people were able to give
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但是他們有這一大批人們捐助的資源
07:49
and they've been able to meet the needs of their residents.
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因此他們可以滿足人們的需要
07:52
CO: So it's working, but it could be better.
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CO: 因此運作的很好，不過可以更好一點
07:54
Emergency preparedness is a big deal in disaster recovery
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對於緊急的準備是在災難恢復中很重要的
07:58
because it makes towns safer and more resilient.
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因為它使得一個城鎮更安全和更有彈性
08:00
Imagine if we could have these systems ready to go in a place
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想像一下在災難之前我們可以把所有
08:03
before a disaster.
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這些系統都建立好
08:05
So that's what we're working on.
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因此這就我們在工作的東西
08:07
We're working on getting the software to places
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我們想把這些軟體
08:09
so people expect it, so people know how to use it
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帶到人們那裡去，這些他們可以做出判斷，知道怎麼用
08:11
and so it can be filled ahead of time
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可以被提前安置好
08:13
with that microinformation that drives recovery.
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就是一點點資訊就可以使得重建工作得以運轉
08:15
MO: It's not rocket science.
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MO: 這不是什麼晦澀的火箭科學
08:17
These tools are obvious and people want them.
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這些工具都是人們想要的
08:20
In our hometown, we trained a half-dozen residents
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在我們家鄉，我們訓練了 6 個居民去
08:22
to run these Web tools on their own.
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讓他們自己去使用網路工具
08:24
Because Caitria and I live here in Boston.
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因為 Caitria 和我在波士頓住
08:26
They took to it immediately,
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他們都立即使用了這個
08:28
and now they are forces of nature.
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現在他們是自發的團隊力量
08:29
There are over three volunteer groups working almost every day,
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有三組志願者幾乎每天都工作
08:32
and have been since June 1st of last year,
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自從去年的六月一日
08:34
to make sure that these residents get what they need and get back in their homes.
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他們保證這些居民得到他們所需要並且順利回到家中
08:37
They have hotlines and spreadsheets and data.
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他們有電話熱線、記錄單、和數據
08:40
CO: And that makes a difference.
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CO: 這才起到了決定性的效果
08:42
June 1st this year marked the one-year anniversary
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今年6月1日代表了 Monson 颶風的
08:45
of the Monson tornado.
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一週年
08:46
And our community's never been more connected or more empowered.
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而我們的社區從沒有這麼緊密連結、並且同時賦予力量過
08:49
We've been able to see the same transformation
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我們能夠看到同樣的改變
08:51
in Texas and in Alabama.
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在德州和亞拉巴馬州
08:53
Because it doesn't take Harvard or MIT
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因為這不需要哈佛或者麻省理工學院
08:56
to fly in and fix problems after a disaster,
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在災難過後飛到那裡去處理問題
08:58
it takes a local.
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只需要當地人們去弄
08:59
No matter how good an aid organization is at what they do,
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不管一個救援組織多麼好
09:02
they eventually have to go home.
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他們最終還是得回家
09:03
But if you give locals the tools,
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但是你如果把工具交給當地人民
09:05
if you show them what they can do to recover,
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你展示給他們如果去恢復重建
09:09
they become experts.
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他們就成了專家
09:12
(Applause) MO: All right. Let's go.
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(鼓掌) MO: 好吧，那我們走吧。
09:15
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Caitria O'Neill - Disaster relief expertWhen a freak tornado hit her Massachusetts hometown, Caitria O’Neill wasn't an expert in disaster relief recovery. But she learned quickly and is now passing her knowledge on through the website Recovers.org.
Why you should listen
Caitria O'Neill, then 20, had just graduated from college in the summer of 2011, and was preparing to begin a Master's program in Moscow. But on June 1, an EF3 tornado hit her hometown of Monson, Massachusetts. Caitria, along with her older sister Morgan, quickly took action. Working as lead volunteer coordinators, the two created a flexible framework for an "unofficial" community relief effort. By leveraging the short term spike in national interest, along with social media and database organization, Monson recorded more volunteer hours than any surrounding town -- hundreds more hours, in fact.
After this intense experience, Catria and Morgan have translated their system into organizing software for local coordinators, through the website Recovers.org. This “recovery in a box” can be rolled out in minutes, helping local relief organizers turn interest into action. Caitria serves as Chief Executive Officer.
Caitria O'Neill | Speaker | TED.com
Morgan O'Neill - Disaster relief expert
Pursuing her PhD in atmospheric science did not prepare Morgan O'Neill for a freak tornado hitting her hometown. With her sister, she helped coordinate a local relief effort and is teaching other towns to do the same through the website Recovers.org.
Why you should listen
Morgan O'Neill was in MIT's Museum of Science, playing with the tornado display, when she got a call informing her that a tornado was ripping through her hometown of Monson, Massachusetts. After driving home, Morgan -- alongside sister Caitria -- took the reins of the relief effort. Working as lead volunteer coordinators, the two created a flexible framework for an "unofficial" community response. By leveraging the short term spike in national interest, along with social media and database organization, Monson recorded more volunteer hours than any surrounding town -- hundreds more hours, in fact.
After this intense experience, Catria and Morgan have translated their system into organizing software for local coordinators, through the website Recovers.org. This “recovery in a box” can be rolled out in minutes, helping local relief organizers turn interest into action. Morgan serves as Chief Operating Officer.
Morgan O'Neill | Speaker | TED.com