ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Matt Killingsworth - Happiness researcher
Researcher Matt Killingsworth designs studies that gather data on happiness. One takeaway? "A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind."

Why you should listen

While doing his PhD research with Dan Gilbert at Harvard, Matt Killingsworth invented a nifty tool for investigating happiness: an iPhone app called Track Your Happiness that captured feelings in real time. (Basically, it pings you at random times and asks: How are you feeling right now, and what are you doing?) Data captured from the study became the landmark paper "A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind" (PDF). 

As an undergrad, Killingsworth studied economics and engineering, and worked for a few years as a software product manager -- an experience during which, he says, "I began to question my assumptions about what defined success for an individual, an organization, or a society." He's now a Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholar examining such topics as "the relationship between happiness and the content of everyday experiences, the percentage of everyday experiences that are intrinsically valuable, and the degree of congruence between the causes of momentary happiness and of one’s overall satisfaction with life."

More profile about the speaker
Matt Killingsworth | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxCambridge

Matt Killingsworth: Want to be happier? Stay in the moment

Matt Killingsworth: 想要更快樂?活在當下

Filmed:
3,206,661 views

人們何時最快樂?Matt Killingsworth 開發了一個應用程序,針對這個問題收集了一系列資料。「你的幸福足跡」網站,讓受測者回報真實生活中的感受。結果令人驚訝:我們最投入的時刻,通常是最快樂的時候。反之,愈是胡思亂想,就愈不快樂。(影片來自TEDxCambridge)
- Happiness researcher
Researcher Matt Killingsworth designs studies that gather data on happiness. One takeaway? "A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind." Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
So, people want a lot of things out of life,
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所以人們總是想從生活中得到許多東西
00:19
but I think, more than anything else其他, they want happiness幸福.
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但我認為,相較於其他,人們想要的是幸福
00:23
Aristotle亞里士多德 called happiness幸福 "the chief首席 good," the end結束
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亞里斯多德將幸福稱為「最重要的好事」,也是
00:26
towards which哪一個 all other things aim目標.
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所有其他事情最終的歸宿
00:29
According根據 to this view視圖, the reason原因 we want a big house
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這樣來看的話,我們想要大房子
00:35
or a nice不錯 car汽車
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或一部好車子
00:38
or a good job工作
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或是好工作的原因
00:40
isn't that these things are intrinsically本質 valuable有價值.
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並不是這些事物本身的價值
00:42
It's that we expect期望 them to bring帶來 us
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而是期待這些東西可以帶給我們
00:45
happiness幸福.
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幸福
00:46
Now in the last 50 years年份, we Americans美國人 have gotten得到
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半個世紀以來,我們美國人已經得到
00:49
a lot of the things that we want. We're richer更豐富.
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很多很多東西。我們變得富有。
00:51
We live生活 longer. We have access訪問 to technology技術
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我們的壽命更長。我們透過科技
00:54
that would have seemed似乎 like science科學 fiction小說
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過著幾年前還是被認為科幻小說中
00:56
just a few少數 years年份 ago.
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才有的生活
00:58
The paradox悖論 of happiness幸福 is that even though雖然 the
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這種存在於矛盾的幸福就是
01:01
objective目的 conditions條件 of our lives生活 have improved改善 dramatically顯著,
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我們的物質生活得到了前所未有的提高
01:04
we haven't沒有 actually其實 gotten得到 any happier幸福.
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而實際上我們卻沒有更快樂
01:07
Maybe because these conventional常規 notions概念 of progress進展
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這或許是因為這些傳統意義上的進步
01:10
haven't沒有 delivered交付 big benefits好處 in terms條款 of happiness幸福,
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從幸福的角度來說並沒有給我們帶來多大的價值
01:13
there's been an increased增加 interest利益 in recent最近 years年份
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這些年,人們更加關注
01:15
in happiness幸福 itself本身.
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幸福本身。
01:17
People have been debating辯論 the causes原因 of happiness幸福
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人們爭辯幸福的成因
01:19
for a really long time, in fact事實 for thousands數千 of years年份,
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由來已久,事實上已歷經數千年了
01:22
but it seems似乎 like many許多 of those debates辯論 remain unresolved未解決.
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但似乎這些爭辯尚未得到結果
01:25
Well, as with many許多 other domains in life, I think
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我覺得,對於生活中的其它領域
01:27
the scientific科學 method方法 has the potential潛在 to answer回答 this question.
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用科學的研究方法是有希望回答這個問題的
01:31
In fact事實, in the last few少數 years年份, there's been an explosion爆炸
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事實上,近幾年來,研究幸福
01:33
in research研究 on happiness幸福. For example, we've我們已經 learned學到了 a lot
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已蔚為風潮。例如,我們學到很多
01:36
about its demographics人口統計學, how things like income收入
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關於這方面的統計資料,例如收入
01:39
and education教育, gender性別 and marriage婚姻 relate涉及 to it.
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教育、性別和婚姻這些與幸福有關聯的因素
01:42
But one of the puzzles謎題 this has revealed透露 is that
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而困擾我們的問題是
01:45
factors因素 like these don't seem似乎 to have a particularly尤其 strong強大 effect影響.
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以上這些因素對於人的幸福來說似乎沒有特殊的影響
01:48
Yes, it's better to make more money rather than less,
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當然,賺的錢越多越好
01:50
or to graduate畢業 from college學院 instead代替 of dropping落下 out,
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拿到大學學位勝過於輟學
01:53
but the differences分歧 in happiness幸福 tend趨向 to be small.
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但是對於幸福與否,差異卻很小
01:56
Which哪一個 leaves樹葉 the question, what are the big causes原因 of happiness幸福?
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問題是,究竟甚麼是成就幸福的主因呢?
01:59
I think that's a question we haven't沒有 really answered回答 yet然而,
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我想這個問題我們還沒真正得到答案
02:02
but I think something that has the potential潛在 to be an answer回答
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但是已經有些端倪
02:05
is that maybe happiness幸福 has an awful可怕 lot to do with
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或許幸福在很大程度上
02:07
the contents內容 of our moment-to-moment每時每刻 experiences經驗.
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和我們轉瞬之間的思考內容有關聯
02:10
It certainly當然 seems似乎 that we're going about our lives生活,
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很明顯地,我們如何過日子
02:12
that what we're doing, who we're with, what we're thinking思維 about,
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我們正在做甚麼,和誰一起,想些甚麼
02:16
have a big influence影響 on our happiness幸福, and yet然而
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都和我們的幸福息息相關,而且
02:18
these are the very factors因素 that have been very difficult,
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這些重要的因素,一直是很難
02:20
in fact事實 almost幾乎 impossible不可能, for scientists科學家們 to study研究.
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事實上是不可能,用科學方法去研究的
02:23
A few少數 years年份 ago, I came來了 up with a way to study研究 people's人們 happiness幸福
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幾年前,我想到一個研究幸福的方法
02:26
moment時刻 to moment時刻 as they're going about their daily日常 lives生活
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我們試圖關注人們日常生活中片刻之間的生活片段
02:28
on a massive大規模的 scale規模 all over the world世界, something we'd星期三 never
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而得到的數據是基於世界範圍內的調查的,而這個研究也是前所未有的
02:31
been able能夠 to do before. Called trackyourhappinesstrackyourhappiness.org組織,
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我們為此建立了一個網站
網址是trackyourhappiness.org (你的幸福足跡)
02:34
it uses使用 the iPhone蘋果手機 to monitor監控 people's人們 happiness幸福 in real真實 time.
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我們透過蘋果手機去實時監測人們真實的幸福時刻
02:38
How does this work? Basically基本上, I send發送 people signals信號
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如何進行呢?基本上,我會傳送受測者一些訊號
02:41
at random隨機 points throughout始終 the day, and then I ask them
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一天中隨機幾次,我問他們
02:44
a bunch of questions問題 about their moment-to-moment每時每刻 experience經驗
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一系列的問題,關於每個片刻的體驗
02:46
at the instant瞬間 just before the signal信號.
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就在收到訊號前的當下感覺
02:48
The idea理念 is that, if we can watch how people's人們 happiness幸福
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這個想法是,如果我們能觀察人們
02:51
goes up and down over the course課程 of the day,
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在那一天中幸福感的高低起伏
02:54
minute分鐘 to minute分鐘 in some cases,
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有些是分鐘之間的體驗
02:55
and try to understand理解 how what people are doing,
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並試著去了解當人們做甚麼
02:58
who they're with, what they're thinking思維 about, and all
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和誰在一起,想些甚麼
03:00
the other factors因素 that describe描述 our day, how those might威力
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所有能形容自己那天的重點,那些因素是如何
03:03
relate涉及 to those changes變化 in happiness幸福, we might威力 be able能夠
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和幸福感的改變產生關聯,我們就有可能
03:05
to discover發現 some of the things that really have
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發覺那些對於人的幸福
03:07
a big influence影響 on happiness幸福.
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有著重大影響的因素。
03:09
We've我們已經 been fortunate幸運 with this project項目 to collect蒐集
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我們很幸運地透過這個項目收集到了
03:12
quite相當 a lot of data數據, a lot more data數據 of this kind than I think
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很多很多資訊
03:14
has ever been collected before,
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比我先前預想的還多
03:16
over 650,000 real-time即時的 reports報告
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我們收到了超過65萬筆的即時紀錄
03:19
from over 15,000 people.
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而這些是從1萬5千多人中得到的
03:22
And it's not just a lot of people, it's a really diverse多種 group,
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不僅人數眾多,還涵蓋各式各樣的群體
03:25
people from a wide range範圍 of ages年齡, from 18 to late晚了 80s,
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各個年齡層,18歲到80多歲
03:29
a wide range範圍 of incomes收入, education教育 levels水平,
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不論學歷高低,收入多寡
03:32
people who are married已婚, divorced離婚, widowed, etc等等.
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已婚、離婚、守寡者等等
03:35
They collectively represent代表 every一切 one of
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這些受訪人代表了
03:37
86 occupational職業 categories類別 and hail冰雹 from over 80 countries國家.
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來自超過80多個國家和86個不同行業的群體
03:42
What I'd like to do with the rest休息 of my time with you today今天
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剩下的時間,我想和大家
03:45
is talk a little bit about one of the areas that we've我們已經 been
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分享一下我們調查中涉及到的一個領域
03:47
investigating調查, and that's mind-wandering心中遊蕩.
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那就是「分心」
03:50
As human人的 beings眾生, we have this unique獨特 ability能力
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身而為人,我們擁有一項獨特能力
03:53
to have our minds頭腦 stray流浪 away from the present當下.
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就是讓思緒脫離現況
03:56
This guy is sitting坐在 here working加工 on his computer電腦,
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這傢伙坐在電腦前工作
03:58
and yet然而 he could be thinking思維 about
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但他可能正想到
03:59
the vacation假期 he had last month,
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上個月的假期
04:01
wondering想知道 what he's going to have for dinner晚餐.
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想著晚餐要吃甚麼
04:03
Maybe he's worried擔心 that he's going bald禿. (Laughter笑聲)
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或許正煩惱自己可能會禿頭
04:07
This ability能力 to focus焦點 our attention注意 on something other
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這種可將注意力從現狀轉移到
04:10
than the present當下 is really amazing驚人. It allows允許 us to learn學習
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其他地方的能力其實相當神奇。讓我們能用許多方式
04:13
and plan計劃 and reason原因 in ways方法 that no other species種類 of animal動物 can.
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學習、計畫和推理,這是其他物種無法做到的
04:18
And yet然而 it's not clear明確 what the relationship關係 is
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可是還不能清楚說明這項能力的運用和
04:20
between之間 our use of this ability能力 and our happiness幸福.
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幸福之間的關係
04:24
You've probably大概 heard聽說 people suggest建議 that you should
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或許有人曾向你建議
04:26
stay focused重點 on the present當下. "Be here now,"
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專注眼前的事。「活在當下」
04:28
you've probably大概 heard聽說 a hundred times.
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可能都聽膩了
04:30
Maybe, to really be happy快樂, we need to stay completely全然
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也許,要幸福,我們還真的要完完全全地
04:32
immersed沉浸 and focused重點 on our experience經驗 in the moment時刻.
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專心致志在當下的體驗
04:36
Maybe these people are right. Maybe mind-wandering心中遊蕩
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這些忠告也許是對的,分心
04:38
is a bad thing.
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不是一件好事
04:39
On the other hand, when our minds頭腦 wander漫步,
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換言之,分心
04:42
they're unconstrained不受約束. We can't change更改 the physical物理 reality現實
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是自然而然的事情。我們不能改變物質的現狀
04:45
in front面前 of us, but we can go anywhere隨地 in our minds頭腦.
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卻能任由心思隨意奔馳
04:48
Since以來 we know people want to be happy快樂, maybe
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我們知道人們都想快樂,或許
04:50
when our minds頭腦 wander漫步, they're going to someplace某個地方 happier幸福 than the place地點
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任由思緒四處晃蕩,會帶我們到比眼前更快樂的地方
04:52
that they're leaving離開. It would make a lot of sense.
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也是有道理的
04:55
In other words, maybe the pleasures樂趣 of the mind心神
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換句話說,也許透過分心
04:56
allow允許 us to increase增加 our happiness幸福 with mind-wandering心中遊蕩.
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能帶給我們心情的愉快,增加幸福感
05:01
Well, since以來 I'm a scientist科學家, I'd like to try to
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因為我是科學家,比較傾向
05:03
resolve解決 this debate辯論 with some data數據, and in particular特定
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透過數據來解決爭辯,我在這裡特別
05:05
I'd like to present當下 some data數據 to you from three questions問題
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為大家提供3個問題的一些數據
05:08
that I ask with Track跟踪 Your Happiness幸福. Remember記得, this is from
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這些得自於「你的幸福足跡」。別忘了,這是來自於
05:10
sort分類 of moment-to-moment每時每刻 experience經驗 in people's人們 real真實 lives生活.
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一系列受訪者真實生活的每個片刻的經驗
05:13
There are three questions問題. The first one is a happiness幸福 question:
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3個問題。首先是關於幸福的問題
05:16
How do you feel, on a scale規模 ranging不等 from very bad
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從量表最壞到最好的分數,你感覺如何?
05:19
to very good? Second第二, an activity活動 question:
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其次,關於活動的問題
05:23
What are you doing, on a list名單 of 22 different不同 activities活動
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你正在做甚麼?表列中有22個不同的活動
05:25
including包含 things like eating and working加工 and watching觀看 TV電視?
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包含像吃東西、工作和看電視
05:28
And finally最後 a mind-wandering心中遊蕩 question:
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最後是分心的問題
05:32
Are you thinking思維 about something other
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對於當下進行的活動中
05:35
than what you're currently目前 doing?
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你心有旁騖嗎?
05:37
People could say no -- in other words, I'm focused重點 only on my task任務 --
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他們可能回答「不」--也就是「我專注在眼前的事情」--
05:41
or yes -- I am thinking思維 about something else其他 --
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或「是」--「我正在胡思亂想」--
05:43
and the topic話題 of those thoughts思念 are pleasant愉快,
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以及這些想法會讓你愉快
05:46
neutral中性 or unpleasant不愉快.
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沒特別感覺或是不愉快
05:47
Any of those yes responses回复 are what we called mind-wandering心中遊蕩.
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對於所有「是」的答覆,我們歸類為「分心」
05:53
So what did we find?
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我們發現了甚麼
05:55
This graph圖形 shows節目 happiness幸福 on the vertical垂直 axis,
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這個圖表顯示幸福感在垂直軸線上
05:57
and you can see that bar酒吧 there representing代表 how happy快樂
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可以看到條狀圖表示當人們
06:00
people are when they're focused重點 on the present當下,
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專注在當下時,感覺有多快樂
06:01
when they're not mind-wandering心中遊蕩.
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當他們不分心時
06:03
As it turns out, people are substantially基本上 less happy快樂
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事實證明,人們分心時遠比
06:07
when their minds頭腦 are wandering飄零 than when they're not.
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不分心時不快樂
06:11
Now you might威力 look at this result結果 and say, okay, sure,
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你們現在看著這個結果,可能說:好吧,應該是這樣
06:14
on average平均 people are less happy快樂 when they're mind-wandering心中遊蕩,
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一般人處在分心狀態時,比較不快樂
06:16
but surely一定 when their minds頭腦 are straying走失 away
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但是當他們的思緒能從一些
06:18
from something that wasn't very enjoyable其樂融融 to begin開始 with,
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不開心的事情中脫離
06:20
at least最小 then mind-wandering心中遊蕩 should be doing something good for us.
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至少,分心對我們還是有些好處
06:24
Nope. As it turns out,
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不,事實證明
06:27
people are less happy快樂 when they're mind-wandering心中遊蕩
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人們處於分心狀態時,都是較不快樂的
06:28
no matter what they're doing. For example,
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不管他們當時在做甚麼。例如
06:31
people don't really like commuting上下班 to work very much.
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應該沒有人喜歡長時間的上班
06:34
It's one of their least最小 enjoyable其樂融融 activities活動, and yet然而
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這是最無趣的活動之一,但是
06:36
they are substantially基本上 happier幸福 when they're focused重點
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他們覺得專注在上班這件事上
06:39
only on their commute改判 than when their mind心神 is going
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相較於胡思亂想
06:41
off to something else其他.
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還要快樂許多
06:44
It's amazing驚人.
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真令人意想不到
06:46
So how could this be happening事件? I think part部分 of the reason原因,
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為什麼會這樣?我猜想部分原因
06:50
a big part部分 of the reason原因, is that when our minds頭腦 wander漫步,
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大部分的原因,當我們胡思亂想時
06:52
we often經常 think about unpleasant不愉快 things, and they are
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通常會想到不愉快的事
06:55
enormously巨大 less happy快樂 when they do that,
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當做這些事情時會讓他們相當不愉快
06:59
our worries, our anxieties焦慮, our regrets遺憾,
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想到憂愁、焦慮和後悔的事情
07:01
and yet然而 even when people are thinking思維 about something
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即使想到一些沒有特別感覺的事情
07:04
neutral中性, they're still considerably相當 less happy快樂
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比起心無旁騖
07:07
than when they're not mind-wandering心中遊蕩 at all.
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還是會覺得較不快樂
07:09
Even when they're thinking思維 about something they would describe描述 as pleasant愉快,
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甚至他們想的是愉快的事情
07:12
they're actually其實 just slightly less happy快樂
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比起心無旁騖
07:14
than when they aren't mind-wandering心中遊蕩.
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還是少了一點快樂
07:17
If mind-wandering心中遊蕩 were a slot插槽 machine, it would be like
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如果分心是一部吃角子老虎
07:20
having the chance機會 to lose失去 50 dollars美元, 20 dollars美元
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讓我們有機會損失50元、20元
07:23
or one dollar美元. Right? You'd never want to play. (Laughter笑聲)
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或是1元。你不會想玩,對吧
07:29
So I've been talking about this, suggesting提示, perhaps也許,
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我的重點是,告訴你們或許
07:31
that mind-wandering心中遊蕩 causes原因 unhappiness不幸, but all
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分心是導致感覺不幸福的成因
07:34
I've really shown顯示 you is that these two things are correlated相關.
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我已經證明二者是有關係的
07:37
It's possible可能 that's the case案件, but it might威力 also be the case案件
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這個案例可能互成因果
07:40
that when people are unhappy不快樂, then they mind-wander頭腦漂移.
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當人們不快樂時,他們就容易分心
07:42
Maybe that's what's really going on. How could we ever
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或許這樣更講得通。我們如何
07:45
disentangle解開 these two possibilitespossibilites?
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釐清這兩種可能呢?
07:48
Well, one fact事實 that we can take advantage優點 of, I think a fact事實
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有一個我們可以運用的事實,這個事實
07:50
you'll你會 all agree同意 is true真正, is that time goes forward前鋒, not
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你們都會同意,時間只會往前
07:53
backward落後. Right? The cause原因 has to come before the effect影響.
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不會倒退,對吧?成因總是在結果之前
07:57
We're lucky幸運 in this data數據 we have many許多 responses回复 from each person,
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我們很幸運地,這些資料包含每個受訪者的許多回應
08:00
and so we can look and see, does mind-wandering心中遊蕩
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我們得以好好觀察,分心是否
08:04
tend趨向 to precede優於 unhappiness不幸, or does unhappiness不幸
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產生在感覺不幸福之前,或者不幸福感
08:06
tend趨向 to precede優於 mind-wandering心中遊蕩, to get some insight眼光
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在分心前產生,就能夠多少理解
08:08
into the causal因果 direction方向.
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這不同的方向
08:10
As it turns out, there is a strong強大 relationship關係 between之間
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事實證明,兩者之間有強烈關聯
08:14
mind-wandering心中遊蕩 now and being存在 unhappy不快樂 a short time later後來,
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分心後會立即感覺不幸福
08:17
consistent一貫 with the idea理念 that mind-wandering心中遊蕩 is causing造成 people to be unhappy不快樂.
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和分心造成人們不快樂的想法是一致的
08:21
In contrast對比, there's no relationship關係 between之間 being存在 unhappy不快樂
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對照下,並沒有發現這樣的關聯
08:24
now and mind-wandering心中遊蕩 a short time later後來.
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不快樂會立即分心
08:27
In other words, mind-wandering心中遊蕩 very likely容易 seems似乎 to be
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換言之,分心似乎就是感覺不幸福的主因
08:30
an actual實際 cause原因, and not merely僅僅 a consequence後果, of unhappiness不幸.
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而非結果
08:35
A few少數 minutes分鐘 ago, I likened比喻 mind-wandering心中遊蕩
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幾分鐘前,我將分心比喻為
08:38
to a slot插槽 machine you'd never want to play.
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你不會想玩的吃角子老虎
08:40
Well, how often經常 do people's人們 minds頭腦 wander漫步?
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那麼,我們常分心嗎?
08:42
Turns out, they wander漫步 a lot. In fact事實, really a lot.
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事實證明,常常。事實上,相當多
08:47
Forty-seven四十七 percent百分 of the time, people are thinking思維
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47%的時間,人們想著
08:49
about something other than what they're currently目前 doing.
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不是眼前進行的事情
08:53
How does that depend依靠 on what people are doing?
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程度取決於正在做甚麼事
08:55
This shows節目 the rate of mind-wandering心中遊蕩 across橫過 22 activities活動
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這裡顯示22種活動的分心程度
08:58
ranging不等 from a high of 65 percent百分 — (Laughter笑聲) —
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從最高的65%
09:02
when people are taking服用 a shower淋浴, brushing刷牙 their teeth,
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在沖澡時,刷牙時
09:04
to 50 percent百分 when they're working加工,
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50%在工作時
09:07
to 40 percent百分 when they're exercising行使,
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40%在運動時
09:10
all the way down to this one short bar酒吧 on the right
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一路往下到最右邊最短的條狀圖
09:12
that I think some of you are probably大概 laughing at.
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或許有些人會覺得好笑
09:14
Ten percent百分 of the time people's人們 minds頭腦 are wandering飄零
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10%的機率會分心
09:17
when they're having sex性別. (Laughter笑聲)
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當從事性行為時
09:21
But there's something I think that's quite相當 interesting有趣 in this graph圖形,
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圖表中我認為相當有趣的是
09:24
and that is, basically基本上 with one exception例外,
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基本上也是一個例外
09:27
no matter what people are doing, they're mind-wandering心中遊蕩
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不論人們做甚麼,都會分心
09:29
at least最小 30 percent百分 of the time, which哪一個 suggests提示, I think,
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我認為至少30%的時間
09:33
that mind-wandering心中遊蕩 isn't just frequent頻繁, it's ubiquitous普及.
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分心不僅常常發生,簡直無處不在
09:36
It pervades瀰漫 basically基本上 everything that we do.
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遍及我們所做的每件事
09:40
In my talk today今天, I've told you a little bit about mind-wandering心中遊蕩,
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我今天告訴大家一些關於分心的研究
09:43
a variable變量 that I think turns out to be fairly相當 important重要
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一個被證明是非常重要的變數
09:45
in the equation方程 for happiness幸福.
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可以和幸福畫上等號
09:47
My hope希望 is that over time, by tracking追踪 people's人們
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我希望花更多時間,通過追蹤人們每天
09:49
moment-to-moment每時每刻 happiness幸福 and their experiences經驗
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每個片刻的幸福感和經驗
09:52
in daily日常 life, we'll be able能夠 to uncover揭露 a lot of important重要 causes原因 of happiness幸福,
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我們將可以揭開更多成就幸福的重要原因
09:55
and then in the end結束, a scientific科學 understanding理解 of happiness幸福
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最終,經由科學方式解讀的幸福
09:58
will help us create創建 a future未來 that's not only richer更豐富
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將幫助我們建立一個不僅更豐富
10:01
and healthier健康, but happier幸福 as well.
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更健康也更幸福的未來
10:03
Thank you. (Applause掌聲)
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謝謝
10:07
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Alex Chiu
Reviewed by 建松 刘

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Matt Killingsworth - Happiness researcher
Researcher Matt Killingsworth designs studies that gather data on happiness. One takeaway? "A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind."

Why you should listen

While doing his PhD research with Dan Gilbert at Harvard, Matt Killingsworth invented a nifty tool for investigating happiness: an iPhone app called Track Your Happiness that captured feelings in real time. (Basically, it pings you at random times and asks: How are you feeling right now, and what are you doing?) Data captured from the study became the landmark paper "A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind" (PDF). 

As an undergrad, Killingsworth studied economics and engineering, and worked for a few years as a software product manager -- an experience during which, he says, "I began to question my assumptions about what defined success for an individual, an organization, or a society." He's now a Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholar examining such topics as "the relationship between happiness and the content of everyday experiences, the percentage of everyday experiences that are intrinsically valuable, and the degree of congruence between the causes of momentary happiness and of one’s overall satisfaction with life."

More profile about the speaker
Matt Killingsworth | Speaker | TED.com