ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Arunachalam Muruganantham - Inventor
Arunachalam Muruganantham created a system of simple machines to make modern sanitary napkins -- giving millions of women in his home country and around the world access to hygiene.

Why you should listen

Arunachalam Muruganantham of Jayaashree Industries designed, created, tested and implemented a sanitary napkin-making machine that operates on a small scale.

Contrary to a large-scale production model which requires Rs.3.5 Crores as initial investment, Jayaashree Industries sanitary napkin-making machine can be made available to a buyer for approximately Rs.65,000. This allows smaller players to adopt the business model propagated by him, and thus generates more employment and wealth in the most neglected sections of society. More specifically, an empowerment forum – such as a Self Help Group or a women’s group – can invest in a sanitary napkin-making unit to create a business that employs up to ten women. The new invention is capable of making 120 napkins per hour.

The Jayaashree Industries model helps offer livelihood, hygiene, dignity and empowerment to underprivileged women all over the world. And it does so using a sustainable business framework.

More profile about the speaker
Arunachalam Muruganantham | Speaker | TED.com
TED@Bangalore

Arunachalam Muruganantham: How I started a sanitary napkin revolution!

Arunachalam Muruganantham: 我如何開始一場衛生棉革命?

Filmed:
1,692,692 views

當他發現他太太必須在採買家庭食物和她每個月的「補給品」間做出抉擇的時候,Arunachalam Muruganantham 立誓要幫她解決衛生棉的問題。他的研究非常的私人 -- 且引導他成為一個有影響力的商業模式。(影片在班加羅爾拍攝,此為 TED 全球演講人甄選會影片)
- Inventor
Arunachalam Muruganantham created a system of simple machines to make modern sanitary napkins -- giving millions of women in his home country and around the world access to hygiene. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:17
So I tried試著 to do a small good thing for my wife妻子.
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我試著幫我太太做件小善事。
00:21
It makes品牌 me to stand here,
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結果將我送上這個舞台,
00:23
the fame名譽, the money I got out of it.
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我也得到一些名聲和金錢。
00:26
So what I did, I'd gone走了 back to my early marriage婚姻 days.
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關於我做的事,這得回溯到我剛結婚的時候,
00:29
What you did in the early marriage婚姻 days,
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你剛結婚的時候會做些什麼?
00:31
you tried試著 to impress your wife妻子. I did the same相同.
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你試著感動你太太。我也這麼做。
00:34
On that occasion場合, I found發現 my wife妻子
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當時的場景是我發現我太太
00:37
carrying攜帶 something like this.
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拿著類似這個的東西。
00:39
I saw. "What is that?" I asked.
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我看到了。我問她:「那是什麼?」
00:41
My wife妻子 replied回答, "None沒有 of your business商業."
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她回答:「不關你的事。」
00:45
Then, being存在 her husband丈夫, I ran behind背後 her
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身為她的先生,我跑到她後面,
00:47
and saw she had a nasty討厭 rag抹布 cloth.
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看見她拿個一塊髒的破布。
00:48
I don't even use that cloth to clean清潔 my two-wheeler兩輪車.
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我才不會拿那塊布擦我的摩托車。
00:51
Then I understood了解 this -- adapting適應 that unhygienic不衛生 method方法
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接著我了解了 -- 她用那麼不衛生的方法
00:54
to manage管理 her period days.
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度過她的經期。
00:56
Then I immediately立即 asked her, why are you [using運用] that unhygienic不衛生 method方法?
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接著我馬上問她:「為什麼你用這麼不衛生的方法?」
00:58
She replied回答, I also know about [sanitary衛浴 pads],
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她說:「我也知道衛生棉這種東西,
01:02
but myself and my sisters姐妹, if they start開始 using運用 that,
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但是如果我還有我的姊妹們開始使用衛生棉,
01:05
we have to cut our family家庭 milk牛奶 budget預算.
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我們就必須減少家中買牛奶的開支。」
01:07
Then I was shocked吃驚. What is the connection連接 between之間
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我聽了很震驚。用衛生棉和買牛奶的錢
01:09
using運用 a sanitary衛浴 pad and a milk牛奶 budget預算?
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之間有什麼關係?
01:10
And it's called affordability承受能力.
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這就被稱作「負擔能力」。
01:13
I tried試著 to impress my new wife妻子 by offering her a packet of sanitary衛浴 pads.
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我想給她一盒衛生棉,讓她印象深刻。
01:17
I went to a local本地 shop, I tried試著 to buy購買 her a sanitary衛浴 pad packet.
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我去當地一家店舖,試著買一盒衛生棉給她。
01:20
That fellow同伴 looks容貌 left and right,
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店員左看右看,
01:22
and spreads利差 a newspaper報紙, rolls勞斯萊斯 it into the newspaper報紙,
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翻開一張報紙,將衛生棉捲進報紙內,
01:24
gives it to me like a banned取締 item項目, something like that.
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把它像違禁品一樣拿給我。
01:28
I don't know why. I did not ask for a condom避孕套.
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我不知道為什麼。我又不是買保險套。
01:32
Then I took that pad. I want to see that. What is inside it?
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於是我拿著衛生棉。我想要看看裡面是什麼。
01:36
The very first time, at the age年齡 of 29,
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生平第一次,在我29歲的時候,
01:40
that day I am touching接觸 the sanitary衛浴 pad, first ever.
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我摸了衛生棉
01:42
I must必須 know: How many許多 of the guys here have touched感動 a sanitary衛浴 pad?
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我一定要知道,現場有多少男人曾經摸過衛生棉?
01:47
They are not going to touch觸摸 that, because it's not your matter.
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他們不會摸啦,因為這不關你們的事。
01:52
Then I thought to myself, white白色 substance物質, made製作 of cotton --
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接著我心想,白色材質,由棉花作成,
01:55
oh my God, that guy is just using運用 a penny一分錢 value of raw生的 material材料 --
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在店裡面它們以好幾英鎊、好幾美金售出。
01:58
inside they are selling銷售 for pounds英鎊, dollars美元.
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我的天啊,這其中的原料只價值幾分錢啊,
02:01
Why not make a local本地 sanitary衛浴 pad for my new wife妻子?
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為什麼不為我的新老婆做個當地的衛生棉呢?
02:05
That's how all this started開始, but after making製造 a sanitary衛浴 pad,
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這就是故事的開始。但是做了一塊衛生棉後,
02:08
where can I check it?
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我要怎麼測試?
02:10
It's not like I can just check it in the lab實驗室.
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我可不能在實驗室內測試。
02:13
I need a woman女人 volunteer志願者. Where can I get one in India印度?
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我需要一個女性自願者。在印度我哪裡找的到?
02:16
Even in Bangalore班加羅爾 you won't慣於 get [one], in India印度.
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即使在印度的班加羅爾你也找不到。
02:20
So only problem問題: the only available可得到 victim受害者 is my wife妻子.
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所以唯一的問題是我太太是唯一可得的受試者。
02:25
Then I made製作 a sanitary衛浴 pad and handed it to Shanti香提 -- my wife's妻子 name名稱 is Shanti香提.
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接著我做了一塊衛生棉,拿給 Shanti
-- 我太太的名字叫做 Shanti。
02:30
"Close your eyes眼睛. Whatever隨你 I give,
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「閉上眼睛。不管我給你的是什麼,
02:31
it will be not a diamond鑽石 pendant垂飾
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它既不是鑽石墜子,
02:33
not a diamond鑽石 ring, even a chocolate巧克力,
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也不是鑽石戒指,更不是巧克力,
02:34
I will give you a surprise with a lot of tinsel paper rolled熱軋 up with it.
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我要給你個用很多金箔紙包起來的驚喜。
02:38
Close your eyes眼睛."
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閉上眼睛。」
02:40
Because I tried試著 to make it intimate親密.
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我試著將它變得很親密。
02:43
Because it's an arranged安排 marriage婚姻, not a love marriage婚姻.
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因為我們是被指定結婚的,不是因為相愛而結婚的。
02:46
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:48
So one day she said, openly公然, I'm not going to support支持 this research研究.
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於是有一天她坦白地說她不會支持我的研究。
02:52
Then other victims受害者, they got into my sisters姐妹.
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剩下的受害者就是我的姊妹們。
02:55
But even sisters姐妹, wives妻子, they're not ready準備 to support支持 in the research研究.
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即使是姊妹和妻子,她們都尚未準備好來支持這項研究。
02:58
That's why I am always jealous with the saints聖人 in India印度.
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這也是為什麼我總是非常忌妒印度的聖人。
03:01
They are having a lot of women婦女 volunteers志願者 around them.
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他們身邊總是有很多女性自願者。
03:05
Why I am not getting得到 [any]?
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為什麼我連一個都找不到?
03:07
You know, without them even calling調用, they'll他們會 get a lot of women婦女 volunteers志願者.
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你知道嗎,他們連出聲都不用,就會招來很多女性自願者。
03:15
Then I used, tried試著 to use the medical college學院 girls女孩.
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接著我試著找醫學院的女生。
03:18
They also refused拒絕. Finally最後, I decide決定,
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她們也拒絕了。最後,我決定,
03:21
use sanitary衛浴 pad myself.
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我要自己用衛生棉。
03:23
Now I am having a title標題 like
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現在我有個類似
03:26
the first man to set foot腳丫子 on the moon月亮.
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第一個踏上月球的男人 -- 阿姆斯壯 --
03:30
Armstrong阿姆斯特朗. Then Tenzing丹增 [and] Hillary希拉里, in Everest珠峰,
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還有第一個登上聖母峰 -- 丹增和希拉瑞 -- 的封號。
03:33
like that MurugananthamMuruganantham is the first man
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Muruganantham 是地球上
03:35
wore穿著 a sanitary衛浴 pad across橫過 the globe地球.
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第一個用衛生棉的男人。
03:39
I wore穿著 a sanitary衛浴 pad. I filled填充 animal動物 blood血液 in a football足球 bottle瓶子,
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我用衛生棉。我將動物的血裝在足球瓶中,
03:42
I tied it up here, there is a tube going into my panties,
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我把它綁高在這裡,有一條管子連到我的內褲,
03:45
while I'm walking步行, while I'm cycling循環, I made製作 a press,
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當我走路,騎腳踏車,我壓一下,
03:47
doses劑量 of blood血液 will go there.
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血就會留下去。
03:50
That makes品牌 me bow down to any woman女人 in front面前 of me
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這讓我跟在我面前的任何女性鞠躬,
03:54
to give full充分 respect尊重. That five days I'll never forget忘記 --
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以展現我對她們的尊敬。我永遠忘不了這五天 --
03:57
the messy days, the lousy糟糕 days, that wetness.
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這些混亂,糟糕的日子,還有潮濕。
03:59
My God, it's unbelievable難以置信的.
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我的天啊,真是令人不敢相信。
04:05
But here the problem問題 is, one company公司 is making製造 napkin餐巾
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但問題是,有個公司用棉花製造餐巾。
04:10
out of cotton. It is working加工 well.
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運作得很好。
04:12
But I am also trying to make sanitary衛浴 pad with the good cotton. It's not working加工.
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我也試著用好的棉花製作衛生棉。但是行不通。
04:15
That makes品牌 me to want to refuse垃圾 to continue繼續 this research研究 and research研究 and research研究.
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這讓我有了放棄繼續研究的念頭。
04:19
You need first funds資金.
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首先需要的是資金。
04:20
Not only financial金融 crises危機, but because of the sanitary衛浴 pad research研究,
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因為衛生棉研究,我有的不只是財務危機,
04:24
I come through通過 all sorts排序 of problems問題, including包含
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還有各種問題,
04:27
a divorce離婚 notice注意 from my wife妻子.
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包括我太太的離婚通知。
04:30
Why is this? I used medical college學院 girls女孩.
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為什麼?因為我和醫學院女生合作。
04:33
She suspects犯罪嫌疑人 I am using運用 as a trump王牌 card
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她懷疑這是我用來
04:36
to run behind背後 medical college學院 girls女孩.
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追醫學院女生的王牌。
04:38
Finally最後, I came來了 to know it is a special特別 cellulose纖維素
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最後我才了解需要用一種
04:41
derived派生 from a pinewood松林, but even after that,
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從松木中萃取出的特殊纖維質,但即使這樣,
04:44
you need a multimillion-dollar百萬美元 plant like this
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你還是需要像這樣價值價千萬的工廠
04:46
to process處理 that material材料. Again, a stop-up停了.
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來製造原料。又是一個障礙。
04:49
Then I spend another另一個 four years年份 to create創建 my own擁有
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於是我花了四年創造我自己的機器,
04:53
machine tools工具, a simple簡單 machine tool工具 like this.
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像這樣一台簡單的機器。
04:56
In this machine, any rural鄉村 woman女人 can apply應用 the same相同
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投過它,任何鄉村的女人可以用相同的原料,
04:59
raw生的 materials物料 that they are processing處理 in the multinational跨國 plant,
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像是他們在幾千萬廠房內處理的原料,
05:02
anyone任何人 can make a world-class世界級 napkin餐巾 at your dining用餐 hall大廳.
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任何人都可以在你家餐廳製作世界級的餐巾。
05:05
That is my invention發明.
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這就是我的發明。
05:09
So after that, what I did,
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在那之後,我做的事情是這樣的,
05:11
usually平時 if anyone任何人 got a patent專利 or an invention發明,
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通常如果有人發明了什麼
05:15
immediately立即 you want to make, convert兌換 into this.
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你立刻想要把它申請專利。
05:18
I never did this. I dropped下降 it just like this,
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我從沒這麼做。我把它像這樣丟下,
05:21
because you do this, if anyone任何人 runs運行 after money,
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因為如果汲汲營營的人這麼做了,
05:25
their life will not [have] any beauty美女. It is boredom無聊.
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他們的生命一點都不美麗。有的只是無趣。
05:29
A lot of people making製造 a lot of money, billion十億,
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很多人賺了很多錢,幾十億,
05:31
billions數十億 of dollars美元 accumulating積累.
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累積了幾十億的財富。
05:33
Why are they coming未來 for, finally最後, for philanthropy慈善事業?
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為什麼最後他們要投身於慈善事業?
05:35
Why the need for accumulating積累 money, then doing philanthropy慈善事業?
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為什麼需要累積財富,然後做慈善事業?
05:39
What if one decided決定 to start開始 philanthropy慈善事業 from the day one?
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如果有人第一天就決定要做慈善事業會是怎麼樣?
05:42
That's why I am giving this machine
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這就是為什麼我將這台機器
05:45
only in rural鄉村 India印度, for rural鄉村 women婦女, because in India印度,
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只給印度鄉村女人的原因,因為在印度,
05:49
[you'll你會 be] surprised詫異, only two percent百分 of women婦女
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說出來你會很驚訝,只有百分之二的女人
05:52
are using運用 sanitary衛浴 pads. The rest休息, they're using運用 a rag抹布 cloth,
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在使用衛生棉。剩下的都用一塊破布,
05:55
a leaf, husk, [saw] dust灰塵, everything except sanitary衛浴 pads.
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一片葉子,外皮,一些垃圾,反正都不是衛生棉的東西。
05:59
It is the same相同 in the 21stST century世紀. That's why I am going
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到21世紀還是一樣。這是為什麼
06:01
to decide決定 to give this machine only for poor較差的 women婦女 across橫過 India印度.
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我決定只要給全印度窮困女人這台機器。
06:05
So far, 630 installations安裝 happened發生 in 23 states狀態
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到目前為止,有630台機器裝在6個其他國家
06:08
in six other countries國家.
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的23個州裡面。
06:11
Now I'm on my seventh第七 year sustaining維持 against反對
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現在已經是我持續對抗跨國大規模企業的第七年 --
06:16
multinational跨國, transnational跨國 giants豪門 -- makes品牌 all MBAMBA students學生們 a question mark標記.
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這對所有MBA學生都是一個疑問。
06:21
A school學校 dropout退出 from Coimbatore哥印拜陀, how he is able能夠 to sustaining維持?
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一個哥印拜陀的輟學生,他是如何能夠堅持下來?
06:24
That makes品牌 me a visiting訪問 professor教授 and guest客人 lecturer講師 in all IIMs的IIM.
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於是我變成印度管理學院的客座教授和客座講師。
06:30
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
06:35
Play video視頻 one.
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播放第一個影片。
06:38
(Video視頻) ArunachalamArunachalam MurugananthamMuruganantham: The thing I saw in my wife's妻子 hand, "Why are you using運用 that nasty討厭 cloth?"
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(影片) Arunachalam Muruganantham:我看到我太太手中的東西:「為什麼你要用那塊髒布?」
06:43
She replied回答 immediately立即, "I know about napkins餐巾, but if I start開始
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她立刻回答:「我知道衛生棉,但是如果我開始
06:47
using運用 napkins餐巾, then we have to cut our family家庭 milk牛奶 budget預算."
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用衛生棉,我們就必須減少家中買牛奶的開支。」
06:51
Why not make myself a low-cost低成本 napkin餐巾?
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我什麼我不自己做低成本的衛生棉呢?
06:56
So I decided決定 I'm going to sell this new machine
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於是我決定只將這台新機器
06:59
only for Women婦女 Self Help Groups.
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賣給女人自助團體。
07:05
That is my idea理念.
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這就是我的想法。
07:10
AM: And previously先前, you need a multimillion百萬 investment投資
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以前你需要投資幾千萬
07:15
for machine and all. Now, any rural鄉村 woman女人 can.
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在機器和所有設備中。現在,任何鄉村女人都可以做。
07:18
They are performing執行 puja法會.
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她們在進行普迦儀式(印度教向神祇膜拜儀式)。
07:20
(Video視頻): (Singing唱歌)
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(影片):(歌聲)
07:37
You just think, competing競爭 giants豪門,
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你想想,跟巨人競爭,
07:42
even from Harvard哈佛, Oxford牛津, is difficult.
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即使跟哈佛和牛津競爭都很困難了。
07:43
I make a rural鄉村 woman女人 to compete競爭 with multinationals跨國公司.
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我讓鄉村的女人和跨國企業競爭。
07:46
I'm sustaining維持 on seventh第七 year.
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我已經持續了七年了。
07:48
Already已經 600 installations安裝. What is my mission任務?
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大約裝了600台機器。我的任務是什麼?
07:50
I'm going to make India印度
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我要在我有生之日,
07:52
[into] a 100-percent-sanitary-napkin-using-Percent-衛生 - 衛生巾-使用 country國家 in my lifetime一生.
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讓印度成為百分之百使用衛生棉的國家。
07:56
In this way I'm going to provide提供 not less than a million百萬
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透過這個任務,
07:58
rural鄉村 employment僱用 that I'm going to create創建.
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我會創造超過一百萬的鄉村就業機會。
08:00
That's why I'm not running賽跑 after this bloody血腥 money.
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這也是為什麼我不追求沾滿血腥的金錢。
08:04
I'm doing something serious嚴重.
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我要做重要的事。
08:05
If you chase a girl女孩, the girl女孩 won't慣於 like you.
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如果你追一個女孩,她不喜歡你。
08:09
Do your job工作 simply只是, the girl女孩 will chase you.
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只要做你的工作,她就會來追你。
08:12
Like that, I never chased Mahalakshmi瑪哈拉卡斯.
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就像這樣,我從沒有追過 Mahalakshmi。
08:14
Mahalakshmi瑪哈拉卡斯 is chasing me, I am keeping保持 in the back pocket口袋.
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Mahalakshmi 追著我跑,我把它放在我的後口袋裡。
08:19
Not in front面前 pocket口袋. I'm a back pocket口袋 man.
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不放在前面的口袋。我是個放後口袋的男人。
08:24
That's all. A school學校 dropout退出 saw your problem問題 in the society社會
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這就是我的故事。一個輟學生看到社會中
08:27
of not using運用 sanitary衛浴 pad.
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不使用衛生棉的問題。
08:29
I am becoming變得 a solution provider提供商. I'm very happy快樂.
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我現在變成一個解決問題的人。我很開心。
08:31
I don't want to make this as a corporate企業 entity實體.
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我不要將這變成一家實體的公司。
08:34
I want to make this as a local本地 sanitary衛浴 pad movement運動
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我要將這當地的衛生棉運動
08:38
across橫過 the globe地球. That's why I put all the details細節
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推廣到全球。這是為什麼我將所有細節
08:41
on public上市 domain like an open打開 software軟件.
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當成開放軟體般分享給大眾。
08:44
Now 110 countries國家 are accessing訪問 it. Okay?
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現在有110個國家在評量這個計畫。相信嗎?
08:49
So I classify分類 the people into three:
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於是我將人們分成三類:
08:53
uneducated沒有受過教育, little educated博學, surplus剩餘 educated博學.
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未受教育的,受一點點教育的,受太多教育的。
09:00
Little educated博學, doneDONE this. Surplus剩餘 educated博學,
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受一點點教育的做了這個。受太多教育的。
09:04
what are you going to do for the society社會?
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你將為這個社會做什麼?
09:05
Thank you very much. Bye再見!
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謝謝你們。再見!
09:09
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by I-Hsiang Lin
Reviewed by Chen-Han Hsiao

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Arunachalam Muruganantham - Inventor
Arunachalam Muruganantham created a system of simple machines to make modern sanitary napkins -- giving millions of women in his home country and around the world access to hygiene.

Why you should listen

Arunachalam Muruganantham of Jayaashree Industries designed, created, tested and implemented a sanitary napkin-making machine that operates on a small scale.

Contrary to a large-scale production model which requires Rs.3.5 Crores as initial investment, Jayaashree Industries sanitary napkin-making machine can be made available to a buyer for approximately Rs.65,000. This allows smaller players to adopt the business model propagated by him, and thus generates more employment and wealth in the most neglected sections of society. More specifically, an empowerment forum – such as a Self Help Group or a women’s group – can invest in a sanitary napkin-making unit to create a business that employs up to ten women. The new invention is capable of making 120 napkins per hour.

The Jayaashree Industries model helps offer livelihood, hygiene, dignity and empowerment to underprivileged women all over the world. And it does so using a sustainable business framework.

More profile about the speaker
Arunachalam Muruganantham | Speaker | TED.com