ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amos Winter - Mechanical engineer
Amos Winter and his team at MIT built the Leveraged Freedom Chair, a cheap lever-powered wheelchair whose design and develop put the user first.

Why you should listen

Amos Winter wants to know: How do you redesign the wheelchair, an essential aid for millions, to be even better, more affordable, adaptable for the developing world, and able to face any type of terrain or weather? The answer is: the Leveraged Freedom Chair. Integrating science, engineering and user-driven design, Winter has developed a wheelchair that uses arm-powered levers that yield surprisingly simple, highly effective mechanical results. Even better, cheap parts means the chair costs under $200 and can be repaired easily, even in rural communities where resources are scarce.

More profile about the speaker
Amos Winter | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxBoston 2012

Amos Winter: The cheap all-terrain wheelchair

Amos Winter: 廉價的全地形輪椅

Filmed:
1,273,454 views

要怎麼製造一台低於 200 美元而且可以穿越沙土泥地的輪椅?麻省理工學院工程師 Amos Winter 談論這台廉價、容易製造、無障礙的全地形輪椅。Amos 將告訴大家關於它的機械構造以及在開發過程中所學到的事。
- Mechanical engineer
Amos Winter and his team at MIT built the Leveraged Freedom Chair, a cheap lever-powered wheelchair whose design and develop put the user first. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
Living活的 with a physical物理 disability失能 isn't easy簡單
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對世界各地的身障人士來說
00:19
anywhere隨地 in the world世界,
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生活並不容易
00:22
but if you live生活 in a country國家 like the United聯合的 States狀態,
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但如果你居住在美國
00:24
there's certain某些 appurtenances附屬物 available可得到 to you that do make life easier更輕鬆.
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有不少的輔助可以幫忙你生活地容易一些
00:27
So if you're in a building建造, you can take an elevator電梯.
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當你在一棟建築 你可以搭乘電梯
00:30
If you're crossing路口 the street, you have sidewalk人行道 cutouts切口.
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如果你要穿越馬路 你可以使用人行道無障礙坡道
00:32
And if you have to travel旅行 some distance距離 farther更遠
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如果要到遠一點,你無法靠自己力量到達的地方
00:35
than you can do under your own擁有 power功率, there's accessible無障礙 vehicles汽車,
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你可以駕駛無障礙車輛
00:38
and if you can't afford給予 one of those,
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如果你負擔不起
00:40
there's accessible無障礙 public上市 transportation運輸.
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你也可以搭乘公共運輸工具
00:42
But in the developing發展 world世界, things are quite相當 different不同.
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但是在開發中國家不是這樣的
00:45
There's 40 million百萬 people who need a wheelchair輪椅 but don't have one,
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有四千萬人口缺乏輪椅
00:48
and the majority多數 of these people live生活 in rural鄉村 areas,
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而他們大多居住在鄉下
00:51
where the only connections連接 to community社區, to employment僱用, to education教育,
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進入社會、取得工作、教育的唯一方式
00:55
are by traveling旅行 long distances距離 on rough terrain地形
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就是依靠他們自己的力量
00:58
often經常 under their own擁有 power功率.
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在崎嶇的路面上遠行
01:00
And the devices設備 usually平時 available可得到 to these people
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而他們所擁有的器材不是設計來這樣使用的
01:03
are not made製作 for that context上下文, break打破 down quickly很快,
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所以很快地就壞了
01:05
and are hard to repair修理.
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並且難以修復
01:08
I started開始 looking at wheelchairs輪椅 in developing發展 countries國家 in 2005,
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從2005年起 我開始研究開發中國家的輪椅
01:12
when I spent花費 the summer夏季 assessing評估 the state of technology技術 in Tanzania坦桑尼亞,
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我花了一個夏天了解坦尚尼亞的現況
01:16
and I talked to wheelchair輪椅 users用戶, wheelchair輪椅 manufacturers製造商, disability失能 groups,
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我訪問了輪椅使用者、輪椅製造商、身障社團
01:20
and what stood站在 out to me
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實際情況是
01:22
is that there wasn't a device設備 available可得到
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沒有任何器具
01:24
that was designed設計 for rural鄉村 areas, that could go fast快速
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是為鄉村地形而設計
01:26
and efficiently有效率的 on many許多 types類型 of terrain地形.
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而可以快速且有效率地移動
01:29
So being存在 a mechanical機械 engineer工程師,
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身為一名在麻省理工學院的機構工程師
01:31
being存在 at MITMIT and having lots of resources資源 available可得到 to me,
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有很多資源可以取用的我
01:34
I thought I'd try to do something about it.
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我想試試為他們做點什麼
01:36
Now when you're talking about trying to travel旅行
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當大家開始談到
01:39
long distances距離 on rough terrain地形,
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在崎嶇的路面上移動到遠處
01:41
I immediately立即 thought of a mountain bike自行車,
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我立刻想到了一台登山自行車
01:43
and a mountain bike's自行車的 good at doing this
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登山自行車很適合於這樣的環境
01:45
because it has a gear齒輪 train培養,
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是因為它有一條傳動鍊
01:46
and you can shift轉移 to a low gear齒輪 if you have to climb a hill爬坡道
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如果你要爬坡,或是穿越沙土泥地
01:49
or go through通過 mud or sand
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可以將它切換到低檔位
01:51
and you get a lot of torque扭矩 but a low speed速度.
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以大扭力及低速的移動
01:53
And if you want to go faster更快, say on pavement路面,
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如果你在道路上 想走得快一點
01:55
you can shift轉移 to a high gear齒輪,
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你可以切換到高檔位
01:56
and you get less torque扭矩, but higher更高 speeds速度.
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以小扭力高速地移動
01:58
So the logical合乎邏輯 evolution演化 here
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想法上的演進是這樣的
02:00
is to just make a wheelchair輪椅 with mountain bike自行車 components組件,
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將登山自行車的元件加入到輪椅上
02:03
which哪一個 many許多 people have doneDONE.
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而這已經有很多人做到了
02:04
But these are two products製品 available可得到 in the U.S. that
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有兩款在美國已經買得到的產品
02:08
would be difficult to transfer轉讓 into developing發展 countries國家
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因為它們實在是相當的貴
02:10
because they're much, much too expensive昂貴.
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很難將它們導入到發展中國家
02:13
And the context上下文 I'm talking about is where
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而我想談的是
02:15
you need to have a product產品 that is less than 200 dollars美元.
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低於200美元的產品
02:19
And this ideal理想 product產品 would also be able能夠 to go
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這個理想中的產品可以走大約 5 公里遠
02:21
about five kilometers公里 a day so you could get to your job工作, get to school學校,
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到你工作、學習的場所
02:25
and do it on many許多, many許多 different不同 types類型 of terrain地形.
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而且要在各種地形上運行
02:27
But when you get home or want to go indoors在室內 at your work,
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當你回到家或是室內環境
02:30
it's got to be small enough足夠 and maneuverable機動性 enough足夠 to use inside.
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它也要夠小台並具有機動性
02:35
And furthermore此外, if you want it to last a long time out in rural鄉村 areas,
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此外,如果你要在鄉下地區長時間地使用
02:38
it has to be repairable using運用 the local本地 tools工具, materials物料 and knowledge知識
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也要可以透過當地工具、材料
02:42
in those contexts上下文.
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來修復它
02:45
So the real真實 crux癥結 of the problem問題 here is,
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問題真正的關鍵
02:48
how do you make a system系統 that's a simple簡單 device設備
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在於如何打造一個簡單的系統
02:51
but gives you a large mechanical機械 advantage優點?
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但又能發揮強大的機械優點
02:53
How do you make a mountain bike自行車 for your arms武器
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如何打造一台適合你手臂操作
02:55
that doesn't have the mountain bike自行車 cost成本 and complexity複雜?
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但花費較少、較簡易的登山自行車
02:58
So as is the case案件 with simple簡單 solutions解決方案,
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這樣條件下的簡易解決方案 經常就在你眼前
03:00
oftentimes通常情況下 the answer回答 is right in front面前 of your face面對, and for us it was levers槓桿.
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我們想到了槓桿
03:04
We use levers槓桿 all the time, in tools工具, doorknobs門把手, bicycle自行車 parts部分.
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我們經常使用槓桿 在工具、門把、自行車元件上
03:09
And that moment時刻 of inspiration靈感, that key invention發明 moment時刻,
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這個關鍵的靈感
03:12
was when I was sitting坐在 in front面前 of my design設計 notebook筆記本
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是當我坐在我設計的筆記型電腦前
03:14
and I started開始 thinking思維 about somebody grabbing a lever槓桿,
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我想像有人抓著槓桿
03:17
and if they grab near the end結束 of the lever槓桿,
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如果他們抓著槓桿的末端
03:19
they can get an effectively有效 long lever槓桿
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他們可以使用較長的力臂
03:21
and produce生產 a lot of torque扭矩 as they push back and forth向前,
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產生較大的扭力
03:24
and effectively有效 get a low gear齒輪.
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有效的得到低檔位
03:26
And as they slide滑動 their hand down the lever槓桿,
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當他們向下握住槓桿
03:28
they can push with a smaller effective有效 lever槓桿 length長度,
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使用較短的力臂
03:31
but push through通過 a bigger angle角度 every一切 stroke行程,
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每次出力可以轉動較大的角度
03:33
which哪一個 makes品牌 a faster更快 rotational旋轉 speed速度, and gives you an effective有效 high gear齒輪.
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使得輪子旋轉得更快 就像是高檔位一樣
03:37
So what's exciting扣人心弦 about this system系統
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令人興奮的是
03:39
is that it's really, really mechanically機械 simple簡單,
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這個系統的構造是如此簡單
03:41
and you could make it using運用 technology技術
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你可以利用已經存在數百年的科技
03:43
that's been around for hundreds數以百計 of years年份.
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製造出這項產品
03:45
So seeing眼看 this in practice實踐,
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來看看實際運行狀況
03:47
this is the Leveraged槓桿 Freedom自由 Chair椅子 that,
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在數年的研發後
03:49
after a few少數 years年份 of development發展,
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所打造出來的槓桿式輪椅
03:51
we're now going into production生產 with,
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我們正要進入量產階段
03:53
and this is a full-time全職 wheelchair輪椅 user用戶 --
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這是一位在瓜地馬拉的癱瘓人士
03:55
he's paralyzed -- in Guatemala危地馬拉,
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他全天候使用輪椅
03:57
and you see he's able能夠 to traverse橫過 pretty漂亮 rough terrain地形.
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他現在可以走在很崎嶇的路面
04:01
Again, the key innovation革新 of this technology技術 is that when he wants to go fast快速,
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這項科技的關鍵創新在於
04:05
he just grabs爭奪 the levers槓桿 near the pivots支點 and goes through通過 a big angle角度 every一切 stroke行程,
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當他想走得快一點 他可以握住靠近軸心的位置做大角度的推動
04:09
and as the going gets得到 tougher強硬, he just slides幻燈片 his hands up the levers槓桿,
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當進入較糟的路面 他只需要握住握桿的上緣
04:12
creates創建 more torque扭矩, and kind of bench-presses台式機 his way
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就可以推動較大的扭力
04:14
out of trouble麻煩 through通過 the rough terrain地形.
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將他自己推離顛簸的路面
04:17
Now the big, important重要 point here is that
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重要的是
04:20
the person is the complex複雜 machine in this system系統.
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操作者是整個系統中最複雜的
04:23
It's the person that's sliding滑動 his hands up and down the levers槓桿,
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使用者移動他自己的手
04:26
so the mechanism機制 itself本身 can be very simple簡單
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所以機械本身可以非常簡單
04:29
and composed of bicycle自行車 parts部分 you can get anywhere隨地 in the world世界.
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自行車元件你到處都可以取得
04:32
Because those bicycle自行車 parts部分
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這些自行車元件
04:33
are so ubiquitously無處不在 available可得到, they're super-cheap超低價.
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很便宜,到處都買得到
04:36
They're made製作 by the gazillionsgazillions in China中國 and India印度,
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它們在中國及印度製造
04:38
and we can source資源 them anywhere隨地 in the world世界,
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我們可以引進到世界各地
04:40
build建立 the chair椅子 anywhere隨地, and most importantly重要的 repair修理 it,
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可以到處製造這輛輪椅
04:42
even out in a village with a local本地 bicycle自行車 mechanic機械
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更重要的是可以透過當地的自行車店家
04:45
who has local本地 tools工具, knowledge知識 and parts部分 available可得到.
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以它們的工具、知識、元件來修理它
04:49
Now, when you want to use the LFCLFC indoors在室內,
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當你要在室內使用槓桿式輪椅時
04:52
all you have to do is pull the levers槓桿 out of the drivetrain動力傳動系統,
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只要把槓桿從駕駛鍊抽出來
04:56
stow墊木 them in the frame, and it converts轉換 into a normal正常 wheelchair輪椅
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收到支架內 它就變成了一般的輪椅
04:59
that you can use just like any other normal正常 wheelchair輪椅,
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像一般輪椅的操作方式
05:01
and we sized大小 it like a normal正常 wheelchair輪椅,
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我們把大小設定的與一般輪椅一樣
05:04
so it's narrow狹窄 enough足夠 to fit適合 through通過 a standard標準 doorway門口,
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讓它的寬度可以通過一般的走廊
05:08
it's low enough足夠 to fit適合 under a table,
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也可以推進桌子內
05:11
and it's small and maneuverable機動性 enough足夠 to fit適合 in a bathroom浴室
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它的機動性也足以進入浴室
05:15
and this is important重要 so the user用戶 can get up close to a toilet廁所,
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這重要性在於使用者可以靠近馬桶
05:18
and be able能夠 to transfer轉讓 off
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轉坐過去
05:20
just like he could in a normal正常 wheelchair輪椅.
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就像他在一般輪椅也能做到的
05:25
Now, there's three important重要 points that I want to stress強調
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這項計劃能成功
05:29
that I think really hit擊中 home in this project項目.
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有三件我想強調的部份
05:32
The first is that this product產品 works作品 well because
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首先,這項產品能夠成功
05:35
we were effectively有效 able能夠 to combine結合
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是因為我們有效地結合了
05:37
rigorous嚴格 engineering工程 science科學 and analysis分析 with user-centered用戶為中心的 design設計
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嚴謹的工程科學及著重使用者的設計
05:42
focused重點 on the social社會 and usage用法 and economic經濟 factors因素
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聚焦在社群、可用性、經濟等因素
05:45
important重要 to wheelchair輪椅 users用戶 in the developing發展 countries國家.
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這對發展中國家的輪椅使用者很重要
05:48
So I'm an academic學術的 at MITMIT, and I'm a mechanical機械 engineer工程師,
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我是一名在麻省理工學院的研究員,一名機構工程師
05:50
so I can do things like look at the type類型 of terrain地形 you want to travel旅行 on,
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我可以檢視你們所要穿越的環境
05:54
and figure數字 out how much resistance抵抗性 it should impose強加,
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計算應該施加的壓力
05:57
look at the parts部分 we have available可得到 and mix混合 and match比賽 them
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度量我們手上有的元件
06:00
to figure數字 out what sort分類 of gear齒輪 trains火車 we can use,
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來決定我們所要取用的傳動鍊
06:02
and then look at the power功率 and force you can get out of your upper body身體
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並且計算人們上半身所能推動的力量
06:05
to analyze分析 how fast快速 you should be able能夠 to go in this chair椅子
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來分析人們在這輛輪椅上下推動握桿時
06:07
as you put your arms武器 up and down the levers槓桿.
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能夠走得多快
06:10
So as a wet-behind-the-ears濕背後的耳朵 student學生, excited興奮,
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這些菜鳥學生們很興奮
06:13
our team球隊 made製作 a prototype原型,
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我們的團隊製做了一個樣版
06:15
brought that prototype原型 to Tanzania坦桑尼亞, Kenya肯尼亞 and Vietnam越南 in 2008,
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在2008年將它帶到了坦尚尼亞、肯亞、越南
06:20
and found發現 it was terrible可怕
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發現它並不合用
06:22
because we didn't get enough足夠 input輸入 from users用戶.
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因為我們沒有獲得足夠的使用者回饋
06:25
So because we tested測試 it with wheelchair輪椅 users用戶,
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於是我們與輪椅使用者、輪椅製造商
06:28
with wheelchair輪椅 manufacturers製造商, we got that feedback反饋 from them,
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一起進行測試、了解他們的反應
06:31
not just articulating關節 their problems問題, but articulating關節 their solutions解決方案,
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不只說明他們的問題,也說明他們的解決方法
06:34
and worked工作 together一起 to go back to the drawing畫畫 board and make a new design設計,
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然後我們回來重新畫設計圖
06:38
which哪一個 we brought back to East Africa非洲 in '09
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在2009年帶回來到非洲西部
06:40
that worked工作 a lot better than a normal正常 wheelchair輪椅 on rough terrain地形,
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它在顛簸的路面上運作得比一般的輪椅更好
06:43
but it still didn't work well indoors在室內 because it was too big,
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但它太大了以致於在室內環境不適合
06:45
it was heavy, it was hard to move移動 around,
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它太重 不容易隨意移動
06:47
so again with that user用戶 feedback反饋, we went back to the drawing畫畫 board,
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得到了使用者的回饋 我們再次回到製圖板上
06:51
came來了 up with a better design設計, 20 pounds英鎊 lighter打火機,
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做更好的設計 也減輕20磅重量
06:53
as narrow狹窄 as a regular定期 wheelchair輪椅, tested測試 that in a field領域 trial審訊 in Guatemala危地馬拉,
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也有如同一般輪椅的寬度 並在瓜地馬拉進行測試
06:57
and that advanced高級 the product產品 to the point
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於是這項產品
06:59
where we have now that it's going into production生產.
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進展到現在我們要開始量產的狀態
07:02
Now also being存在 engineering工程 scientists科學家們,
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身為科學工程師
07:05
we were able能夠 to quantify量化 the performance性能 benefits好處 of the Leveraged槓桿 Freedom自由 Chair椅子,
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我們也量化槓桿式輪椅的優點
07:08
so here are some shots鏡頭 of our trial審訊 in Guatemala危地馬拉
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這是幾張我們在瓜地馬拉做試驗的照片
07:11
where we tested測試 the LFCLFC on village terrain地形,
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我們在農村裡測試槓桿式輪椅
07:15
and tested測試 people's人們 biomechanical生物力學 outputs輸出,
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也測量人們的生物力學輸出
07:16
their oxygen consumption消費, how fast快速 they go,
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及氧氣消耗量、行進速度
07:19
how much power功率 they're putting out,
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及他們推動的力量
07:20
both in their regular定期 wheelchairs輪椅 and using運用 the LFCLFC,
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比較一般輪椅以及槓桿式輪椅
07:23
and we found發現 that the LFCLFC is about 80 percent百分 faster更快
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我們發現在這些環境裡
07:26
going on these terrains地形 than a normal正常 wheelchair輪椅.
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槓桿式輪椅比起一般輪椅快了百分之八十
07:28
It's also about 40 percent百分 more efficient高效 than a regular定期 wheelchair輪椅,
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比起一般的輪椅,也多了百分之四十的效率
07:32
and because of the mechanical機械 advantage優點 you get from the levers槓桿,
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也由於槓桿的機械特性
07:34
you can produce生產 50 percent百分 higher更高 torque扭矩
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你可以多產生百分之五十的扭力
07:36
and really muscle肌肉 your way through通過 the really, really rough terrain地形.
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讓你可以走過非常崎嶇的道路
07:40
Now the second第二 lesson that we learned學到了 in this is that
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第二 我們學到了
07:44
the constraints限制 on this design設計 really push the innovation革新,
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設計上的限制也推進了創新
07:46
because we had to hit擊中 such這樣 a low price價錢 point,
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因為我們必須壓低價格
07:49
because we had to make a device設備 that could travel旅行
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因為我們要做出一樣可以在很多很多種地形行走
07:51
on many許多, many許多 types類型 of terrain地形 but still be usable可用 indoors在室內,
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但又能在室內使用
07:54
and be simple簡單 enough足夠 to repair修理,
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也要夠簡易地修理
07:56
we ended結束 up with a fundamentally從根本上 new product產品,
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我們最後發明了全新的產品
07:58
a new product產品 that is an innovation革新
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一樣新產品
08:01
in a space空間 that really hasn't有沒有 changed in a hundred years年份.
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過去一百年從未出現的創新
08:03
And these are all merits優點 that are not just good in the developing發展 world世界.
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這些優點不只能套用在開發中國家
08:07
Why not in countries國家 like the U.S. too?
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也可以帶到像美國這樣的國家
08:09
So we teamed聯手 up with Continuum連續,
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我們與 Continuum 合作
08:11
a local本地 product產品 design設計 firm公司 here in Boston波士頓
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這是一間在波士頓當地的製造商
08:13
to make the high-end高端 version, the developed發達 world世界 version,
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打造了一款高階版本
08:16
that we'll probably大概 sell primarily主要 in the U.S. and Europe歐洲,
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我們會在美國及歐洲
08:19
but to higher-income高收入 buyers買家.
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販賣給高收入的顧客
08:22
And the final最後 point I want to make is that I think
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最後我想說的
08:25
this project項目 worked工作 well because we engaged訂婚
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這項計劃能成功
08:28
all the stakeholders利益相關者 that buy購買 into this project項目 and are important重要 to consider考慮
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是因為我們結合了所有參與計劃的人
08:32
in bringing使 the technology技術 from inception成立 of an idea理念
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將這項科技從概念
08:36
through通過 innovation革新, validation驗證, commercialization商業化 and dissemination傳播,
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到創新、驗證、商用、推廣
08:40
and that cycle週期 has to start開始 and end結束 with end結束 users用戶.
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這鏈結與使用者緊密相扣
08:43
These are the people that define確定 the requirements要求 of the technology技術,
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他們有對這項科技的需求
08:46
and these are the people that have to give the thumbs-up豎起大拇指 at the end結束,
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最終他們舉起大姆指稱讚
08:49
and say, "Yeah, it actually其實 works作品. It meets符合 our needs需求."
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並且說「這很合用,剛好符合我們的需求」
08:51
So people like me in the academic學術的 space空間,
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像我一樣在學術界的人
08:53
we can do things like innovate創新 and analyze分析 and test測試,
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我們可以做一些像是創新、分析、測試
08:57
create創建 data數據 and make bench-level板級 prototypes原型,
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建立資料、設計實驗階段的原型機種
09:00
but how do you get that bench-level板級 prototype原型 to commercialization商業化?
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但你要如何將原型機種帶入到商業產品
09:02
So we need gap-fillers間隙填充劑 like Continuum連續 that can work on commercializing商業化,
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我們需要像 Continuum 這樣可以幫助我們跨越屏障的公司
09:06
and we started開始 a whole整個 NGO非政府組織 to bring帶來 our chair椅子 to market市場 --
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我們成立了一個非政府組識 "Global Research Innovation Technology"
09:09
Global全球 Research研究 Innovation革新 Technology技術 --
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來將我們的輪椅帶到市場上
09:11
and then we also teamed聯手 up with a big manufacturer生產廠家 in India印度, Pinnacle巔峰 Industries工業,
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並與印度的大型製造商 Pinnacle Industries 合作
09:15
that's tooled極好的裝備 up now to make 500 chairs椅子 a month
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每個月製造500台輪椅
09:17
and will make the first batch批量 of 200 next下一個 month,
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下個月
09:19
which哪一個 will be delivered交付 in India印度.
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第一批將在印度推出
09:21
And then finally最後, to get this out to the people in scale規模,
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最後 為了將它大量的提供給人們
09:24
we teamed聯手 up with the largest最大 disability失能 organization組織
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我們與全球最大的身障組織
09:26
in the world世界, Jaipur齋浦爾 Foot腳丫子.
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Jaipur Foot 一同合作
09:29
Now what's powerful強大 about this model模型
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這個模式的好處
09:31
is when you bring帶來 together一起 all these stakeholders利益相關者
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是當你結合所有
09:34
that represent代表 each link鏈接 in the chain
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參與這個鏈結的人
09:36
from inception成立 of an idea理念
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從概念的發想
09:38
all the way to implementation履行 in the field領域,
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到現實中的實作
09:41
that's where the magic魔法 happens發生.
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神奇的事發生了
09:42
That's where you can take a guy like me, an academic學術的,
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你可以找到一個像我一樣
09:45
but analyze分析 and test測試 and create創建 a new technology技術
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做分析、測試、設計的人
09:48
and quantitatively數量上 determine確定 how much better the performance性能 is.
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並且量化它的性能有多好
09:52
You can connect with stakeholders利益相關者 like the manufacturers製造商
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同時也連結從中賺錢的製造商
09:54
and talk with them face-to-face面對面 and leverage槓桿作用 their
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與他們面對面
09:56
local本地 knowledge知識 of manufacturing製造業 practices做法 and their clients客戶
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整合他們的製造程序、客戶
09:59
and combine結合 that knowledge知識 with our engineering工程 knowledge知識
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再與我們的工程知識結合
10:02
to create創建 something greater更大 than either of us could have doneDONE alone單獨.
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做出一個比我們各自單獨能做的還要好的東西
10:05
And then you can also engage從事 the end結束 user用戶
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你也必須拉進使用者一起參與設計過程
10:08
in the design設計 process處理, and not just ask him what he needs需求,
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不只是問他們所需要的
10:11
but ask him how he thinks it can be achieved實現.
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也問他們認為什麼是行得通的
10:14
And this picture圖片 was taken採取 in India印度 in our last field領域 trial審訊,
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這是我們最後一次在印度做試驗時拍的照片
10:17
where we had a 90-percent-百分 adoption採用 rate where people
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有九成的人從一般輪椅
10:19
switched交換的 to using運用 our Leveraged槓桿 Freedom自由 Chair椅子 over their normal正常 wheelchair輪椅,
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更換到使用我們的槓桿式輪椅
10:23
and this picture圖片 specifically特別 is of Ashok阿肖克,
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特別的是 Ashok
10:26
and Ashok阿肖克 had a spinal injury when he fell下跌 out of a tree,
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Ashok 從樹中掉下來後脊髓損傷
10:29
and he had been working加工 at a tailor裁縫, but once一旦 he was injured受傷
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以前他是個裁縫師 但自從受傷後
10:32
he wasn't able能夠 to transport運輸 himself他自己 from his house
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他沒辦法坐在一般輪椅上
10:35
over a kilometer公里 to his shop in his normal正常 wheelchair輪椅.
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從1公里遠的家裡移動到市集
10:37
The road was too rough.
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路程太顛簸了
10:39
But the day after he got an LFCLFC, he hopped跳上 in it,
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但從他拿到槓桿式輪椅的那天
10:42
rode騎著車 that kilometer公里, opened打開 up his shop
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他走過那一公里 開始營業
10:44
and soon不久 after landed登陸 a contract合同 to make school學校 uniforms制服
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很快地拿到學校制服的合約
10:46
and started開始 making製造 money, started開始 providing提供 for his family家庭 again.
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並且開始賺錢 再次養家活口
10:49
Ashok阿肖克: You also encouraged鼓勵 me to work.
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Ashok: 你鼓勵我去工作
10:51
I rested休息 for a day at home.
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我在家休息一天後
10:54
The next下一個 day I went to my shop.
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隔天我就去工作
10:59
Now everything is back to normal正常.
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現在一切都恢復正常了
11:02
Amos阿莫斯 Winter冬季: And thank you very much for having me today今天.
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Amos Winter: 感謝你們來聽我演講
11:06
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Chen-Han Hsiao
Reviewed by Geoff Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amos Winter - Mechanical engineer
Amos Winter and his team at MIT built the Leveraged Freedom Chair, a cheap lever-powered wheelchair whose design and develop put the user first.

Why you should listen

Amos Winter wants to know: How do you redesign the wheelchair, an essential aid for millions, to be even better, more affordable, adaptable for the developing world, and able to face any type of terrain or weather? The answer is: the Leveraged Freedom Chair. Integrating science, engineering and user-driven design, Winter has developed a wheelchair that uses arm-powered levers that yield surprisingly simple, highly effective mechanical results. Even better, cheap parts means the chair costs under $200 and can be repaired easily, even in rural communities where resources are scarce.

More profile about the speaker
Amos Winter | Speaker | TED.com