ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Freeman Hrabowski - Educator
During his 20-year tenure as president of UMBC, Freeman Hrabowski has helped students of all backgrounds pursue degrees in arts, humanities and the sciences.

Why you should listen

During his 20-year run as president of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Freeman Hrabowski has transformed a young university into a research institution recognized as one of the most innovative in the country. His goal: continue building a campus that’s first-rate in research and instruction, and that prepares students of all backgrounds for success.
 
Hrabowski cofounded the Meyerhoff Scholars Program for high-achieving minority students in science and engineering; the program has become a national model. Hrabowski frequently writes about minority participation and performance in these areas. He advises President Obama on educational issues and consults for the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and National Academies. A tireless educator, leader and mentor, Hrabowski was named one of world’s most influential people in 2012 by Time magazine.

More profile about the speaker
Freeman Hrabowski | Speaker | TED.com
TED2013

Freeman Hrabowski: 4 pillars of college success in science

Freeman Hrabowski: 大學科學教育成功之四大要素

Filmed:
1,042,793 views

Freeman Hrabowski 12 歲時與馬丁.路德.金恩博士一同參加示威遊行。他現在是馬里蘭大學巴爾的摩分校(UMBC)校長,致力於在校園中創造一種環境,幫助弱勢學生-尤其是非裔美籍、拉美裔及低收入家庭學生-獲得數學及科學學位。他分享了 UMBC 實施的四種主要方案。
- Educator
During his 20-year tenure as president of UMBC, Freeman Hrabowski has helped students of all backgrounds pursue degrees in arts, humanities and the sciences. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
So I'll be talking about the success成功 of my campus校園,
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我想談論的是本校的成就
00:16
the University大學 of Maryland馬里蘭, Baltimore巴爾的摩 County, UMBCUMBC,
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馬里蘭大學巴爾的摩分校,UMBC
00:19
in educating教育 students學生們 of all types類型,
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它教育各種類型的學生
00:22
across橫過 the arts藝術 and humanities人文 and the science科學 and engineering工程 areas.
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涵蓋藝術、人文、科學及工程領域
00:26
What makes品牌 our story故事 especially特別 important重要
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我們的故事格外重要的原因是
00:30
is that we have learned學到了 so much from a group of students學生們
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我們從這群學生身上學到許多東西
00:35
who are typically一般 not at the top最佳 of the academic學術的 ladder階梯 --
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他們並非典型的學術佼佼者-
00:39
students學生們 of color顏色, students學生們 underrepresented代表性不足 in selected areas.
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例如有色人種學生
某些領域中的弱勢學生
00:43
And what makes品牌 the story故事 especially特別 unique獨特
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這個故事格外獨特的原因是
00:46
is that we have learned學到了 how to help African-American非裔美國人 students學生們, Latino拉丁美洲人 students學生們,
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我們學會如何幫助
非裔美籍學生、拉丁裔學生
00:50
students學生們 from low-income低收入 backgrounds背景,
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低收入家庭學生
00:52
to become成為 some of the best最好 in the world世界 in science科學 and engineering工程.
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成為世上頂尖的理工人才
00:56
And so I begin開始 with a story故事 about my childhood童年.
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因此我打算以我童年的故事作為開場白
00:59
We all are products製品 of our childhood童年 experiences經驗.
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我們都深受童年經歷影響
01:02
It's hard for me to believe that it's been 50 years年份
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很難想像這已是50年前的往事
01:06
since以來 I had the experience經驗 of being存在 a ninth第九 grade年級 kid孩子 in Birmingham伯明翰, Alabama阿拉巴馬,
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當時我是
阿拉巴馬州伯明罕的九年級學生
01:12
a kid孩子 who loved喜愛 getting得到 A's,
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一位喜愛拿 A 的孩子
01:15
a kid孩子 who loved喜愛 math數學, who loved喜愛 to read,
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一位喜愛數學及閱讀的孩子
01:17
a kid孩子 who would say to the teacher老師 --
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一位會對老師這麼說的孩子-
01:20
when the teacher老師 said, "Here are 10 problems問題," to the class,
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當老師對全班說 :「作業是10個習題」
01:23
this little fat脂肪 kid孩子 would say, "Give us 10 more."
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這名胖小子會說 :「再多給我們10個」
01:27
And the whole整個 class would say, "Shut關閉 up, Freeman弗里曼."
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全班同學會說 :「閉嘴,Freeman」
01:31
And there was a designated特定 kicker踢球者 every一切 day.
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每天有一位同學負責踹我椅背
01:34
And so I was always asking this question:
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因此我總是抱著這個疑問:
01:36
"Well how could we get more kids孩子 to really love to learn學習?"
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「如何才能使更多孩子真心喜愛學習?」
01:42
And amazingly令人驚訝, one week in church教會,
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令人驚訝的是,某個週末,在教會裡
01:45
when I really didn't want to be there
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我根本不想待在那裡
01:47
and I was in the back of the room房間 being存在 placated安撫 by doing math數學 problems問題,
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我被安置在房間後方做數學習題
01:52
I heard聽說 this man say this:
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我聽見某人說:
01:55
"If we can get the children孩子
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「如果我們能讓孩子
01:57
to participate參加 in this peaceful平靜的 demonstration示範 here in Birmingham伯明翰,
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參加伯明罕的和平示威
02:03
we can show顯示 America美國 that even children孩子 know the difference區別 between之間 right and wrong錯誤
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就能讓美國人民瞭解
甚至連孩子也明白是非之分
02:09
and that children孩子 really do want to get the best最好 possible可能 education教育."
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孩子確實希望盡可能獲得最好的教育」
02:13
And I looked看著 up and said, "Who is that man?"
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我抬起頭來,問道 :「那個人是誰?」
02:15
And they said his name名稱 was Dr博士. Martin馬丁 Luther路德 King國王.
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他們說他是馬丁‧路德‧金恩博士
02:18
And I said to my parents父母, "I've got to go.
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我對父母說 :「我非去不可」
02:20
I want to go. I want to be a part部分 of this."
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「我想去,我想參加」
02:22
And they said, "Absolutely絕對 not."
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他們說 :「想都別想」
02:24
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:25
And we had a rough go of it.
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所以我們發生了一些摩擦
02:27
And at that time, quite相當 frankly坦率地說, you really did not talk back to your parents父母.
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坦白說,當時孩子不太跟父母頂嘴
02:30
And somehow不知何故 I said, "You know, you guys are hypocrites偽君子.
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於是我說 :「知道嗎,你們都是偽君子」
02:32
You make me go to this. You make me listen.
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「你們要我上教堂、要我聽話」
02:34
The man wants me to go, and now you say no."
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「那個人希望我參加,你們卻不允許」
02:37
And they thought about it all night.
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他們考慮了一整晚
02:38
And they came來了 into my room房間 the next下一個 morning早上.
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隔天早上,他們走進我房間
02:41
They had not slept.
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他們徹夜未眠
02:42
They had been literally按照字面 crying哭了 and praying祈禱 and thinking思維,
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他們整晚哭泣、祈禱和思考
02:45
"Will we let our 12-year-old-歲
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「我們該讓12歲兒子
02:48
participate參加 in this march遊行 and probably大概 have to go to jail監獄?"
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參加這場遊行,搞不好進監獄嗎?」
02:52
And they decided決定 to do it.
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他們決定讓我參加
02:54
And when they came來了 in to tell me,
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當他們進房告訴我時
02:55
I was at first elated高昂.
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起初我十分興奮
02:57
And then all of a sudden突然 I began開始 thinking思維 about the dogs小狗 and the fire hoses軟管,
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接著我突然想起警犬和消防水管之類的
03:01
and I got really scared害怕, I really did.
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我開始害怕起來,嚇得要命
03:04
And one of the points I make to people all the time
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我經常與眾人分享的其中一個領悟是
03:06
is that sometimes有時 when people do things that are courageous勇敢,
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有時,當人們做出勇敢的事
03:09
it doesn't really mean that they're that courageous勇敢.
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並不意味著他們真的那麼勇敢
03:12
It simply只是 means手段 that they believe it's important重要 to do it.
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只是意味著他們認為這件事十分重要
03:15
I wanted a better education教育.
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我想擁有更好的教育
03:16
I did not want to have to have hand-me-down手,我下來 books圖書.
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我不想只能擁有別人剩下不要的書籍
03:20
I wanted to know that the school學校 I attended出席
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我想知道我就讀的學校裡
03:22
not only had good teachers教師, but the resources資源 we needed需要.
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不僅有好老師,也有我們所需的資源
03:24
And as a result結果 of that experience經驗,
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而因為這場經歷
03:26
in the middle中間 of the week, while I was there in jail監獄,
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我仍在監獄的那週
03:28
Dr博士. King國王 came來了 and said with our parents父母,
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金恩博士對孩子們的父母說 :
03:31
"What you children孩子 do this day
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「你們孩子當天所做的事
03:34
will have an impact碰撞 on children孩子 who have not been born天生."
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將影響所有尚未出生的孩子」
03:39
I recently最近 realized實現 that two-thirds三分之二 of Americans美國人 today今天
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我最近赫然發覺,目前三分之二的美國人
03:43
had not been born天生 at the time of 1963.
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1963年時尚未出生
03:47
And so for them, when they hear about the Children's兒童 Crusade運動 in Birmingham伯明翰,
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因此對他們來說
當他們耳聞伯明罕兒童十字軍運動時
03:50
in many許多 ways方法, if they see it on TV電視,
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以許多方面來說
他們在電視上看見相關報導
03:52
it's like our looking at the 1863 "Lincoln林肯" movie電影:
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就像我們觀賞
描述1863年的電影《林肯》一樣
03:56
It's history歷史.
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這已成為歷史
03:57
And the real真實 question is, what lessons教訓 did we learn學習?
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真正的問題是,我們得到什麼教訓?
04:00
Well amazingly令人驚訝, the most important重要 for me was this:
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令人驚訝地,對我來說,最重要的是 :
04:03
That children孩子 can be empowered授權 to take ownership所有權 of their education教育.
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孩子有權主宰他們的教育
04:08
They can be taught to be passionate多情
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我們能夠教他們
04:11
about wanting希望 to learn學習 and to love the idea理念 of asking questions問題.
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對於學習及提問充滿熱情
04:15
And so it is especially特別 significant重大
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因此這具有十分重要的意義 :
04:18
that the university大學 I now lead,
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我目前領導的大學
04:20
the University大學 of Maryland馬里蘭, Baltimore巴爾的摩 County, UMBCUMBC,
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馬里蘭大學巴爾的摩分校,UMBC
04:23
was founded成立 the very year I went to jail監獄 with Dr博士. King國王, in 1963.
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成立於我與金恩博士入獄的同年,1963年
04:29
And what made製作 that institutional制度 founding創建 especially特別 important重要
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創立這間機構格外重要的原因是
04:33
is that Maryland馬里蘭 is the South, as you know,
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如各位所知,馬里蘭州位於南方
04:37
and, quite相當 frankly坦率地說, it was the first university大學 in our state
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坦白說,它是當時本州第一所
04:42
founded成立 at a time when students學生們 of all races比賽 could go there.
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所有種族學生都能就讀的大學
04:46
And so we had black黑色 and white白色 students學生們 and others其他 who began開始 to attend出席.
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因此黑人、白人
及其他人種學生均前來就讀
04:49
And it has been for 50 years年份 an experiment實驗.
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它如同進行了50年的實驗
04:54
The experiment實驗 is this:
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實驗內容是:
04:55
Is it possible可能 to have institutions機構 in our country國家, universities高校,
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我國是否可能成立教育機構及大學
04:59
where people from all backgrounds背景 can come and learn學習
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讓不同背景的人前來就讀、學習
05:02
and learn學習 to work together一起 and learn學習 to become成為 leaders領導者
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學習彼此合作、學習成為領袖
05:06
and to support支持 each other in that experience經驗?
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學習互相支持?
05:09
Now what is especially特別 important重要 about that experience經驗 for me is this:
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對我來說,這個經驗格外重要的原因是
05:14
We found發現 that we could do a lot in the arts藝術 and humanities人文 and social社會 sciences科學.
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我們一開始發現可在藝術
人文及社會科學方面下功夫
05:19
And so we began開始 to work on that, for years年份 in the '60s.
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因此我們於60年代開始致力於這項工作
05:22
And we produced生成 a number of people in law, all the way to the humanities人文.
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我們培育了許多法律及人文領域的人才
05:25
We produced生成 great artists藝術家. Beckett貝克特 is our muse沉思.
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我們培育出傑出的藝術家
Beckett(著名劇作家)是我們的靈感來源
05:28
A lot of our students學生們 get into theater劇院.
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本校許多學生進入劇院工作
05:30
It's great work.
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這是一項了不起的成就
05:31
The problem問題 that we faced面對 was the same相同 problem問題 America美國 continues繼續 to face面對 --
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但我們面臨的問題
即美國長久以來面臨的問題-
05:35
that students學生們 in the sciences科學 and engineering工程,
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在於學習理工科目
05:36
black黑色 students學生們 were not succeeding下一.
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黑人學生很難順利畢業
05:38
But when I looked看著 at the data數據,
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但瀏覽這些數據時
05:40
what I found發現 was that, quite相當 frankly坦率地說, students學生們 in general一般,
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我發現的是,一般而言
05:44
large numbers數字 were not making製造 it.
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大多數學生均無法順利完成這門學科
05:45
And as a result結果 of that,
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因此
05:47
we decided決定 to do something that would help, first of all,
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我們決定做些能提供幫助的事
05:50
the group at the bottom底部, African-American非裔美國人 students學生們, and then Hispanic西班牙 students學生們.
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首先針對弱勢族群-
非裔美籍學生、西班牙裔學生
05:55
And Robert羅伯特 and Jane Meyerhoff邁爾霍夫, philanthropists慈善家, said, "We'd星期三 like to help."
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慈善家 Robert 及 Jane Meyerhoff 說
「我們願意提供協助」
05:59
Robert羅伯特 Meyerhoff邁爾霍夫 said, "Why is it that everything I see on TV電視 about black黑色 boys男孩,
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Robert Meyerhoff 說 :
「為何當電視上出現黑人男孩時
06:02
if it's not about basketball籃球, is not positive?
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只要跟籃球無關,全是負面的報導?」
06:05
I'd like to make a difference區別, to do something that's positive."
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「我想改變這一點,提供某些正面影響」
06:08
We married已婚 those ideas思路, and we created創建 this Meyerhoff邁爾霍夫 Scholars學者 program程序.
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我們整合所有想法
設立 Meyerhoff 獎學金計畫
06:12
And what is significant重大 about the program程序
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這個計畫讓我們從中學到許多
06:14
is that we learned學到了 a number of things.
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這個計畫讓我們從中學到許多
06:16
And the question is this:
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所以最重要的問題是 :
06:17
How is it that now we lead the country國家 in producing生產 African-Americans非洲裔美國人
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我們如何成為引領全國
培育非裔美籍學生
06:22
who go on to complete完成 Ph博士.D.'s in science科學 and engineering工程 and M.D./Ph博士.D.'s?
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完成理工博士或醫學博士學位的學校?
06:27
That's a big deal合同. Give me a hand for that. That's a big deal合同.
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這是一個大成就
請給我一點掌聲,這是一個大成就
06:29
That's a big deal合同. It really is.
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這是一大成就,確實如此
06:32
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
06:34
You see, most people don't realize實現
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其實,大多數人並不瞭解
06:36
that it's not just minorities少數民族 who don't do well in science科學 and engineering工程.
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並非僅有少數族裔學生
無法順利完成理工學業
06:40
Quite相當 frankly坦率地說, you're talking about Americans美國人.
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坦白說,美籍學生之中
06:44
If you don't know it, while 20 percent百分 of blacks黑人 and Hispanics西班牙人
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如果各位不清楚這一點
僅有20%最初主修理工科的
06:47
who begin開始 with a major重大的 in science科學 and engineering工程
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黑人及西班牙裔美國人
06:50
will actually其實 graduate畢業 in science科學 and engineering工程,
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順利取得理工學位
06:52
only 32 percent百分 of whites白人 who begin開始 with majors專業 in those areas
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主修這些學科的白人,僅有32%
06:55
actually其實 succeed成功 and graduate畢業 in those areas,
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順利於這些領域畢業
06:58
and only 42 percent百分 of Asian-Americans亞裔美國人.
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而僅有42%亞裔美國人能順利畢業
07:00
And so, the real真實 question is, what is the challenge挑戰?
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因此真正的問題是,其中的挑戰為何?
07:03
Well a part部分 of it, of course課程, is K-K-12.
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其中一部分當然是 K-12 教育
(幼稚園到12年級)
07:05
We need to strengthen加強 K-K-12.
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我們必須加強 K-12 教育
07:07
But the other part部分 has to do with the culture文化
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但另一部分
07:09
of science科學 and engineering工程 on our campuses校園.
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與校園中的理工文化有關
07:12
Whether是否 you know it or not, large numbers數字 of students學生們 with high SAT'sSAT的
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無論各位是否知道
許多SAT分數極高的學生
07:16
and large numbers數字 of A.P. credits學分
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許多 A.P.(先修課程)成績極佳的學生
07:17
who go to the most prestigious聲望很高的 universities高校 in our country國家
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就讀我國最負盛名的大學
07:20
begin開始 in pre-med醫學預科 or pre-engineering前期工程 and engineering工程, and they end結束 up changing改變 their majors專業.
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最初主修醫學或工程預科
最後卻改變主修科目
07:25
And the number one reason原因, we find, quite相當 frankly坦率地說,
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我們發現主要原因,坦白說
07:27
is they did not do well in first year science科學 courses培訓班.
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在於他們無法順利完成大一科學課程
07:30
In fact事實, we call first year science科學 and engineering工程, typically一般 around America美國,
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事實上,在美國
我們通常稱大一理工課程為
07:34
weed-out淘汰 courses培訓班 or barrier屏障 courses培訓班.
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「淘汰課程」或「障礙課程」
07:36
How many許多 of you in this audience聽眾 know somebody
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在座有多少聽眾認識某個
07:38
who started開始 off in pre-med醫學預科 or engineering工程
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最初主修醫學或工程預科的人
07:40
and changed their major重大的 within a year or two?
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於一、兩年後改變主修科目?
07:42
It's an American美國 challenge挑戰. Half of you in the room房間.
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這是美國面臨的挑戰,半數聽眾聽說過
07:43
I know. I know. I know.
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我瞭解、我瞭解…
07:45
And what is interesting有趣 about that
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令人感興趣的是
07:46
is that so many許多 students學生們 are smart聰明 and can do it.
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許多學生其實十分聰明,能克服這個障礙
07:49
We need to find ways方法 of making製造 it happen發生.
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我們需要找到幫助他們的方法
07:51
So what are the four things we did to help minority少數民族 students學生們
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因此我們幫助少數族裔學生的四種方法-
07:54
that now are helping幫助 students學生們 in general一般?
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現在也對一般學生有所幫助
07:56
Number one: high expectations期望.
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第一點 : 高度期望
07:58
It takes an understanding理解 of the academic學術的 preparation製備 of students學生們 --
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我們需要瞭解學生的學習狀況
08:02
their grades等級, the rigor嚴格 of the course課程 work,
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他們的成績、寫作業的用心程度
08:05
their test-taking應試 skills技能, their attitude態度,
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考試技巧、學習態度
08:07
the fire in their belly肚皮, the passion for the work, to make it.
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瞭解他們對學業的
熱誠及熱情才能做到這一點
08:10
And so doing things to help students學生們 prepare準備 to be in that position位置, very important重要.
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因此幫助學生達成這個目標十分重要
08:14
But equally一樣 important重要, it takes an understanding理解 that it's hard work that makes品牌 the difference區別.
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但同樣重要的是
他們必須瞭解,用功將使情況改觀
08:19
I don't care關心 how smart聰明 you are or how smart聰明 you think you are.
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我不在乎你多聰明或自以為多聰明
08:22
Smart聰明 simply只是 means手段 you're ready準備 to learn學習.
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聰明僅意味著你準備開始學習
08:24
You're excited興奮 about learning學習 and you want to ask good questions問題.
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學習令你興致勃勃,你渴望提出好問題
08:27
I. I. Rabi拉比, a Nobel諾貝爾 laureate得主, said that when he was growing生長 up in New York紐約,
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諾貝爾獎得主 I.I.Rabi 說
他於紐約成長的過程中
08:32
all of his friends'朋友' parents父母 would ask them
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所有朋友的父母都會問孩子 :
08:34
"What did you learn學習 in school學校?" at the end結束 of a day.
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「你在學校學了什麼?」當一天結束後
08:37
And he said, in contrast對比, his Jewish猶太 mother母親 would say,
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他說,相反地,他的猶太裔母親會問 :
08:40
"Izzy的Izzy, did you ask a good question today今天?"
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「Izzy,你今天是否問了好問題?」
08:43
And so high expectations期望 have to do with curiosity好奇心
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因此高度期望與好奇心
08:46
and encouraging鼓舞人心的 young年輕 people to be curious好奇.
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及鼓勵年輕人擁有好奇心有關
08:49
And as a result結果 of those high expectations期望,
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為了達成高度期望的目標
08:50
we began開始 to find students學生們 we wanted to work with
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我們開始尋找需要協助的學生
08:53
to see what could we do to help them,
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看看能提供何種幫助
08:54
not simply只是 to survive生存 in science科學 and engineering工程,
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不僅使他們克服理工科障礙
08:57
but to become成為 the very best最好, to excel高強.
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也使他們成為最棒、最傑出的學生
09:00
Interestingly有趣的是 enough足夠, an example:
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以下是個有趣的例子
09:02
One young年輕 man who earned a C in the first course課程 and wanted to go on to medMED school學校,
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一名在第一學期
拿C的小伙子想繼續唸醫學院
09:07
we said, "We need to have you retake重拍 the course課程,
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我們說 :「你必須重修這學期課程」
09:09
because you need a strong強大 foundation基礎 if you're going to move移動 to the next下一個 level水平."
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「因為如果你打算進入
下個階段,就需要紮實的基礎」
09:13
Every一切 foundation基礎 makes品牌 the difference區別 in the next下一個 level水平.
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「每一門基礎課程
對下個階段來說都是關鍵」
09:16
He retook再拿 the course課程.
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他重修了那個學期
09:17
That young年輕 man went on to graduate畢業 from UMBCUMBC,
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那名小伙子順利從UMBC畢業
09:19
to become成為 the first black黑色 to get the M.D./Ph博士.D. from the University大學 of Pennsylvania賓夕法尼亞.
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成為首位獲得賓州大學醫學博士的黑人
09:23
He now works作品 at Harvard哈佛.
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他現在任職於哈佛大學
09:25
Nice尼斯 story故事. Give him a hand for that too.
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很棒的故事,也請給他一點掌聲
09:27
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
09:29
Secondly其次, it's not about test測試 scores分數 only.
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第二點、考試成績並非唯一
09:32
Test測試 scores分數 are important重要, but they're not the most important重要 thing.
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考試成績很重要,但並非最重要的事
09:34
One young年輕 woman女人 had great grades等級, but test測試 scores分數 were not as high.
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有位女學生
學習態度很好,但考試分數不高
09:37
But she had a factor因子 that was very important重要.
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但她擁有一項十分重要的特質
09:39
She never missed錯過 a day of school學校, K-K-12.
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K-12 教育過程中,她從未缺課過
09:42
There was fire in that belly肚皮.
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這是對學習的熱誠
09:44
That young年輕 woman女人 went on, and she is today今天 with an M.D./Ph博士.D. from Hopkins霍普金斯.
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那名女孩孜孜不倦地學習
現在是約翰‧霍普金斯大學醫學博士
09:48
She's on the faculty學院, tenure保有 track跟踪 in psychiatry精神病學, Ph博士.D. in neuroscience神經科學.
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她擔任教職,擁有精神病學
終身教職及神經科學博士學位
09:52
She and her adviser顧問 have a patent專利 on a second第二 use of Viagra偉哥 for diabetes糖尿病 patients耐心.
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她和她的指導教授擁有治療
糖尿病患者的威而鋼第二用途專利
09:57
Big hand for her. Big hand for her.
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請給她熱烈的掌聲…
09:59
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
10:01
And so high expectations期望, very important重要.
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因此高度期望十分重要
10:03
Secondly其次, the idea理念 of building建造 community社區 among其中 the students學生們.
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其次是建立學生社群的想法
10:06
You all know that so often經常 in science科學 and engineering工程
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你們都知道,以理工科來說
10:09
we tend趨向 to think cutthroat殺手.
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我們一向認為它十分棘手
10:10
Students學生們 are not taught to work in groups.
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我們並未教導學生以團體的方式學習
10:13
And that's what we work to do with that group
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這就是我們成立學生社群的原因
10:15
to get them to understand理解 each other,
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使他們瞭解彼此
10:16
to build建立 trust相信 among其中 them, to support支持 each other,
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建立彼此間的信任,使他們互相支持
10:19
to learn學習 how to ask good questions問題,
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學習如何提出好問題
10:21
but also to learn學習 how to explain說明 concepts概念 with clarity明晰.
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但同時學習如何清楚解釋自己的想法
10:24
As you know, it's one thing to earn an A yourself你自己,
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如各位所知,靠自己的力量拿 A 是一回事
10:26
it's another另一個 thing to help someone有人 else其他 do well.
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協助他人取得好成績則是另一回事
10:28
And so to feel that sense of responsibility責任 makes品牌 all the difference區別 in the world世界.
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因此這種責任感將使整個情況改觀
10:32
So building建造 community社區 among其中 those students學生們, very important重要.
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因此建立學生社群十分重要
10:35
Third第三, the idea理念 of, it takes researchers研究人員 to produce生產 researchers研究人員.
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第三個想法是
藉由研究人員培育研究人員
10:40
Whether是否 you're talking about artists藝術家 producing生產 artists藝術家
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無論是藉由藝術家培育藝術家
10:43
or you're talking about people getting得到 into the social社會 sciences科學,
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或鼓勵學生投入社會科學
10:46
whatever隨你 the discipline學科 -- and especially特別 in science科學 and engineering工程, as in art藝術, for example --
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無論哪門學科-
尤其是理工科,如同藝術
10:50
you need scientists科學家們 to pull the students學生們 into the work.
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我們需要科學家帶領學生進入這門領域
10:53
And so our students學生們 are working加工 in labs實驗室 regularly經常.
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因此本校學生經常在實驗室裡埋頭苦幹
10:56
And one great example that you'll你會 appreciate欣賞:
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以下是個很棒的例子
10:58
During a snowstorm暴風雪 in Baltimore巴爾的摩 several一些 years年份 ago,
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幾年前,巴爾的摩暴風雪期間
11:01
the guy on our campus校園 with this Howard霍華德 Hughes休斯 Medical Institute研究所 grant發放
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本校接受霍華休斯
醫學研究中心資助的研究人員
11:05
literally按照字面 came來了 back to work in his lab實驗室 after several一些 days,
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幾天後回實驗室工作
11:09
and all these students學生們 had refused拒絕 to leave離開 the lab實驗室.
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發現所有學生都不肯離開實驗室
11:13
They had food餐飲 they had packed打包 out.
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他們佔據了整個實驗室
11:15
They were in the lab實驗室 working加工,
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他們在實驗室裡埋頭苦幹
11:16
and they saw the work, not as schoolwork學校工作, but as their lives生活.
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對他們來說實驗並非作業,而是生活
11:20
They knew知道 they were working加工 on AIDS艾滋病 research研究.
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他們知道自己正進行愛滋病研究
11:22
They were looking at this amazing驚人 protein蛋白 design設計.
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他們觀察令人驚嘆的蛋白質設計
11:25
And what was interesting有趣 was each one of them focused重點 on that work.
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令人感興趣的是
每位學生都專注於這項研究
11:30
And he said, "It doesn't get any better than that."
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研究人員說 :「沒有什麼比這更棒的事了」
11:32
And then finally最後, if you've got the community社區
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最後,當擁有社群
11:34
and you've got the high expectations期望 and you've got researchers研究人員 producing生產 researchers研究人員,
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擁有高度期望
和作育英才的研究人員後
11:37
you have to have people who are willing願意 as faculty學院
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必須擁有好老師
11:40
to get involved參與 with those students學生們, even in the classroom課堂.
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願意關懷學生,即使在課堂中
11:43
I'll never forget忘記 a faculty學院 member會員 calling調用 the staff員工 and saying,
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我永遠忘不了一位老師對輔導人員說 :
11:46
"I've got this young年輕 man in class, a young年輕 black黑色 guy,
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「我班上有個小夥子,一位黑人」
11:48
and he seems似乎 like he's just not excited興奮 about the work.
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「似乎對學習興趣缺缺」
11:51
He's not taking服用 notes筆記. We need to talk to him."
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「根本不寫筆記,我們得跟他談談」
11:54
What was significant重大 was that the faculty學院 member會員 was observing觀察 every一切 student學生
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重點是老師得觀察每位學生
11:57
to understand理解 who was really involved參與 and who was not
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瞭解學生是否確實投入課程
12:00
and was saying, "Let me see how I can work with them.
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然後說 :「看看我能如何帶動他們」
12:03
Let me get the staff員工 to help me out."
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「我可以向輔導人員尋求協助」
12:04
It was that connecting.
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這是一種聯繫
12:05
That young年輕 man today今天 is actually其實 a faculty學院 member會員 M.D./Ph博士.D. in neuroengineering神經工程 at Duke公爵.
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那名小伙子已取得醫學博士學位
現在任教於杜克大學神經工程系
12:10
Give him a big hand for that.
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請給他熱烈的掌聲
12:11
(Applause掌聲)
246
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(掌聲)
12:13
And so the significance意義 is that we have now developed發達 this model模型
247
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因此重點在於我們開發了這種模式
12:18
that is helping幫助 us, not only finally最後 with evaluation評測, assessing評估 what works作品.
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不僅協助我們進行評估
評估哪些做法行得通
12:22
And what we learned學到了 was that we needed需要 to think about redesigning重新設計 courses培訓班.
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我們領悟到的是
我們必須考慮重新設計課程
12:26
And so we redesigned重新設計 chemistry化學, we redesigned重新設計 physics物理.
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因此我們重新設計了化學及物理課程
12:28
But now we are looking at redesigning重新設計 the humanities人文 and social社會 sciences科學.
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但現在我們致力於
重新設計人文及社會科學課程
12:32
Because so many許多 students學生們 are bored無聊 in class.
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因為太多學生對課程興趣缺缺
12:34
Do you know that?
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你們知道嗎?
12:36
Many許多 students學生們, K-K-12 and in universities高校,
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許多學生,包括 K-12 學生及大學生
12:37
don't want to just sit there and listen to somebody talk.
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不願只是坐在課堂上聽課
12:40
They need to be engaged訂婚.
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他們需要參與
12:41
And so we have doneDONE -- if you look at our website網站 at the Chemistry化學 Discovery發現 Center中央,
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因此我們所做的是-
如果各位瀏覽我們的化學探索中心網站
12:45
you'll你會 see people coming未來 from all over the country國家
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將看見全國各地的人
12:47
to look at how we are redesigning重新設計 courses培訓班,
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前來觀看我們如何重新設計課程
12:49
having an emphasis重點 on collaboration合作, use of technology技術,
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強調合作的重要、科技的運用
12:53
using運用 problems問題 out of our biotech生物技術 companies公司 on our campus校園,
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在課程中使用生技公司提出的問題
12:56
and not giving students學生們 the theories理論,
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並非僅教導學生理論
12:58
but having them struggle鬥爭 with those theories理論.
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而是教導他們對理論提出質疑
13:00
And it's working加工 so well that throughout始終 our university大學 system系統 in Maryland馬里蘭,
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效果非常棒
在整個馬里蘭州大學系統中
13:04
more and more courses培訓班 are being存在 redesigned重新設計.
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進行重新設計的課程與日俱增
13:06
It's called academic學術的 innovation革新.
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這就是所謂的學術創新
13:08
And what does all of that mean?
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這一切意味著什麼?
13:09
It means手段 that now, not just in science科學 and engineering工程,
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意味著不僅是理工科
13:12
we now have programs程式 in the arts藝術, in the humanities人文, in the social社會 sciences科學,
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我們現在將這個計畫
推廣到藝術、人文及社會科學領域
13:16
in teacher老師 education教育, even particularly尤其 for women婦女 in I.T.
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推廣到師資教育領域
甚至-尤其是IT領域的女性
13:21
If you don't know it, there's been a 79-percent-百分 decline下降
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如果各位不知道
主修計算機科學的女性人數
13:25
in the number of women婦女 majoring主修 in computer電腦 science科學 just since以來 2000.
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自從 2000 年以來已下降 79 %
13:29
And what I'm saying is that what will make the difference區別
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我認為將使情況改觀的做法
13:32
will be building建造 community社區 among其中 students學生們,
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是藉由建立學生社群
13:35
telling告訴 young年輕 women婦女, young年輕 minority少數民族 students學生們 and students學生們 in general一般,
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告訴年輕女性、少數族裔學生及一般學生
13:38
you can do this work.
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你們辦得到
13:39
And most important重要, giving them a chance機會 to build建立 that community社區
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最重要的是給予他們建立社群的機會
13:42
with faculty學院 pulling them into the work
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讓老師帶領他們進入這個領域
13:44
and our assessing評估 what works作品 and what does not work.
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我們評估什麼可行或不可行
13:47
Most important重要, if a student學生 has a sense of self,
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最重要的是,如果學生擁有自我意識
13:51
it is amazing驚人 how the dreams and the values
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不可思議的是,夢想和價值
13:54
can make all the difference區別 in the world世界.
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將使整個情況改觀
13:56
When I was a 12-year-old-歲 child兒童 in the jail監獄 in Birmingham伯明翰,
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當我還是身處伯明罕監獄的12歲孩子時
13:59
I kept不停 thinking思維, "I wonder奇蹟 what my future未來 could be."
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我不斷地想 :
「不知道我的未來將會如何」
14:03
I had no idea理念 that it was possible可能 for this little black黑色 boy男孩 in Birmingham伯明翰
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我不曾想過這位來自伯明罕的黑人小子
14:08
to one day be president主席 of a university大學 that has students學生們 from 150 countries國家,
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某天會成為擁有
來自150個國家學生的大學校長
14:13
where students學生們 are not there just to survive生存,
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那裡的學生不僅是為了獲得學位
14:16
where they love learning學習, where they enjoy請享用 being存在 the best最好,
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他們喜愛學習,渴望成為佼佼者
14:20
where they will one day change更改 the world世界.
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他們有天將改變世界
14:22
Aristotle亞里士多德 said, "Excellence卓越 is never an accident事故.
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亞里士多德說 :「卓越並非偶然」
14:26
It is the result結果 of high intention意向, sincere真誠 effort功夫 and intelligent智能 execution執行.
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「它是高度企圖心
全力以赴和謹慎實行的結果」
14:32
It represents代表 the wisest最明智的 option選項 among其中 many許多 alternatives備擇方案."
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「它代表眾多選擇中最明智的選擇」
14:35
And then he said something that gives me goosebumps雞皮疙瘩.
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他還說了一些令我起雞皮疙瘩的話
14:38
He said, "Choice選擇, not chance機會, determines確定 your destiny命運."
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他說: 「決定命運的是選擇,而非機會」
14:43
Choice選擇, not chance機會, determines確定 your destiny命運, dreams and values.
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是選擇,而非機會
決定了你的命運、夢想和價值
14:51
Thank you all very much.
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十分感謝
14:53
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by illusion Hung
Reviewed by Anny Chung

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Freeman Hrabowski - Educator
During his 20-year tenure as president of UMBC, Freeman Hrabowski has helped students of all backgrounds pursue degrees in arts, humanities and the sciences.

Why you should listen

During his 20-year run as president of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Freeman Hrabowski has transformed a young university into a research institution recognized as one of the most innovative in the country. His goal: continue building a campus that’s first-rate in research and instruction, and that prepares students of all backgrounds for success.
 
Hrabowski cofounded the Meyerhoff Scholars Program for high-achieving minority students in science and engineering; the program has become a national model. Hrabowski frequently writes about minority participation and performance in these areas. He advises President Obama on educational issues and consults for the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and National Academies. A tireless educator, leader and mentor, Hrabowski was named one of world’s most influential people in 2012 by Time magazine.

More profile about the speaker
Freeman Hrabowski | Speaker | TED.com