ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angela Lee Duckworth - Psychologist
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success.

Why you should listen

In her late 20s, Angela Lee Duckworth left a demanding job as a management consultant at McKinsey to teach math in public schools in San Francisco, Philadelphia and New York.

After five years of teaching seventh graders, she went back to grad school to complete her Ph.D. in psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, where she is now an assistant professor in the psychology department. Her research subjects include students, West Point cadets, and corporate salespeople, all of whom she studies to determine how "grit" is a better indicator of success than factors such as IQ or family income.

More profile about the speaker
Angela Lee Duckworth | Speaker | TED.com
TED Talks Education

Angela Lee Duckworth: Grit: The power of passion and perseverance

Angela Lee Duckworth: 成功的要訣是什麽?是意志力

Filmed:
19,500,078 views

Angela Lee Duckworth 辭去了一份非常成功的工作——諮詢,轉而在紐約的公立學校教七年級數學。她很快認識到,智商不是區分學生學習優劣的唯一指標。在這個演講中,她闡釋了一個研究成果——“意志力”才是成功的風向標。
- Psychologist
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When I was 27 years年份 old,
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我 27 歲的時候,
00:14
I left a very demanding嚴格 job工作 in management管理 consulting諮詢
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辭去了一份很費心血的管理諮詢工作,
00:18
for a job工作 that was even more demanding嚴格: teaching教學.
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而接受了一份更辛苦的工作:教書。
00:22
I went to teach seventh第七 graders平地機 math數學
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我在紐約的公立學校
00:25
in the New York紐約 City public上市 schools學校.
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教七年級學生數學。
00:27
And like any teacher老師, I made製作 quizzes測驗 and tests測試.
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和其他老師一樣,我出小測、考試題目,
00:31
I gave out homework家庭作業 assignments任務.
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也佈置回家作業。
00:32
When the work came來了 back, I calculated計算 grades等級.
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作業上交後,我批改、計分。
00:36
What struck來襲 me was that I.Q. was not the only difference區別
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我發現,我最好和最差的學生之間的差異
00:41
between之間 my best最好 and my worst最差 students學生們.
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並不僅僅是智商。
00:44
Some of my strongest最強 performers表演者
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有些非常優秀的學生
00:47
did not have stratospheric平流層 I.Q. scores分數.
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智商並非特別得高
00:49
Some of my smartest最聰明的 kids孩子 weren't doing so well.
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有些非常聰明的學生,學業也並非很好。
00:54
And that got me thinking思維.
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這引發了我的思考。
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn學習 in seventh第七 grade年級 math數學,
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七年級數學要學的東西
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals小數點,
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確實挺難:比例、小數、
01:02
the area of a parallelogram平行四邊形.
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平行四邊形的面積。
01:04
But these concepts概念 are not impossible不可能,
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但這些概念並不是不能理解,
01:07
and I was firmly牢牢 convinced相信 that every一切 one of my students學生們
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我也堅信我的每一位學生
01:11
could learn學習 the material材料
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都能學會這些知識,
01:13
if they worked工作 hard and long enough足夠.
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只要他們足夠認真、堅持用功。
01:16
After several一些 more years年份 of teaching教學,
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教了幾年以後,
01:19
I came來了 to the conclusion結論 that what we need in education教育
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我得出一個結論:
我們的教育所需要的
01:22
is a much better understanding理解 of students學生們 and learning學習
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是一種對學生、對學習更好的理解——
01:26
from a motivational動機 perspective透視,
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從動機的角度、
01:28
from a psychological心理 perspective透視.
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從心理的角度去理解。
01:31
In education教育, the one thing we know how to measure測量 best最好
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在教育領域,我們最擅長測試的指標
01:36
is I.Q., but what if doing well in school學校 and in life
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是智商,
但如果說在學校和生活中的表現好壞
01:42
depends依靠 on much more
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不僅僅取決於
01:44
than your ability能力 to learn學習 quickly很快 and easily容易?
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你是否能又好又快地學習呢?
01:48
So I left the classroom課堂,
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於是,我離開了課堂,
01:50
and I went to graduate畢業 school學校 to become成為 a psychologist心理學家.
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來到了研究所,成為了一名心理學家。
01:53
I started開始 studying研究 kids孩子 and adults成年人
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我開始研究兒童與成人
01:55
in all kinds of super challenging具有挑戰性的 settings設置,
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處於各種艱巨挑戰中的表現。
01:58
and in every一切 study研究 my question was,
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在每次研究中,我關注的是:
02:01
who is successful成功 here and why?
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誰會成功?爲什麽會成功?
02:04
My research研究 team球隊 and I went to West西 Point Military軍事 Academy學院.
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我和我的研究團隊去了西點軍校。
02:08
We tried試著 to predict預測 which哪一個 cadets學員
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我們試著預測哪些學員
02:10
would stay in military軍事 training訓練 and which哪一個 would drop下降 out.
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能通過軍事訓練,哪些會放棄。
02:14
We went to the National國民 Spelling拼字 Bee蜜蜂
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我們去看全國拼字比賽,
02:16
and tried試著 to predict預測 which哪一個 children孩子 would advance提前
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試著預測哪些孩子能在比賽中
02:19
farthest最遠 in competition競爭.
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笑到最後。
02:21
We studied研究 rookie新秀 teachers教師
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我們研究在非常艱苦的環境下
02:23
working加工 in really tough強硬 neighborhoods社區, asking
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工作的新教師,
02:26
which哪一個 teachers教師 are still going to be here in teaching教學
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預測哪些教師在學年末時
02:29
by the end結束 of the school學校 year,
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還能堅持在崗位上。
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective有效
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當然還有,哪些教師教出的學生
02:34
at improving提高 learning學習 outcomes結果 for their students學生們?
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成績的提高最為顯著?
02:37
We partnered合作 with private私人的 companies公司, asking,
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我們和私人公司合作,
02:39
which哪一個 of these salespeople銷售人員 is going to keep their jobs工作?
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預測哪些銷售人員能保住工作?
02:42
And who's誰是 going to earn the most money?
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誰能賺最多錢?
02:44
In all those very different不同 contexts上下文,
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在這些非常不同的背景下,
02:47
one characteristic特性 emerged出現
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我們發現有一個特質
02:49
as a significant重大 predictor預報器 of success成功.
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能夠很好地預測成功。
02:52
And it wasn't social社會 intelligence情報.
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它不是社交能力。
02:54
It wasn't good looks容貌, physical物理 health健康, and it wasn't I.Q.
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不是美麗的外貌,不是健康的身體,也不是智商。
02:59
It was grit砂礫.
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而是意志力。
03:01
Grit砂礫 is passion and perseverance毅力 for very long-term長期 goals目標.
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意志力是面對長遠目標時的熱情和毅力。
03:06
Grit砂礫 is having stamina耐力.
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意志力是有耐力的表現。
03:09
Grit砂礫 is sticking癥結 with your future未來, day in, day out,
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意志力是日復一日依然對未來堅信不已
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
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不只是這週、 不只是這個月,
03:16
but for years年份, and working加工 really hard
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而是年復一年。用心、努力工作
03:20
to make that future未來 a reality現實.
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來實現所堅信的那個未來。
03:22
Grit砂礫 is living活的 life like it's a marathon馬拉松, not a sprint短跑.
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意志力是將生活看作是一場馬拉松,不是短跑。
03:27
A few少數 years年份 ago, I started開始 studying研究 grit砂礫
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幾年前,我在芝加哥公立學校
03:30
in the Chicago芝加哥 public上市 schools學校.
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開始研究意志力。
03:32
I asked thousands數千 of high school學校 juniors晚輩
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我請數以千計的高中生
03:35
to take grit砂礫 questionnaires問卷調查,
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填寫關於意志力的問卷。
03:37
and then waited等待 around more than a year
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然後等了大約一年多
03:39
to see who would graduate畢業.
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看看誰會畢業。
03:41
Turns out that grittier更堅韌 kids孩子
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結果發現,意志力越堅定的孩子
03:43
were significantly顯著 more likely容易 to graduate畢業,
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畢業的可能性明顯越高,
03:46
even when I matched匹配 them on every一切 characteristic特性 I could measure測量,
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其他所有可能的影響因素都被考慮並排除了
03:50
things like family家庭 income收入,
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比如家庭收入,
03:52
standardized標準化 achievement成就 test測試 scores分數,
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標準化測驗的分數,
03:55
even how safe安全 kids孩子 felt when they were at school學校.
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甚至孩子們在學校時的安全感。
03:59
So it's not just at West西 Point or the National國民 Spelling拼字 Bee蜜蜂
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所以意志力並不只是在
西點軍校或全國拼字比賽中
04:02
that grit砂礫 matters事項. It's also in school學校,
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非常重要。在學校,
04:05
especially特別 for kids孩子 at risk風險 for dropping落下 out.
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尤其是對有輟學危險的孩子來說,
意志力同樣重要。
04:09
To me, the most shocking觸目驚心 thing about grit砂礫
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關於意志力,最令我吃驚的事情
04:11
is how little we know,
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是我們以及科學界
04:14
how little science科學 knows知道, about building建造 it.
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對於如何鍛煉意志力知之甚少。
04:16
Every一切 day, parents父母 and teachers教師 ask me,
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每天,家長和老師都會問我,
04:19
"How do I build建立 grit砂礫 in kids孩子?
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"如何鍛煉孩子們的意志力?
04:21
What do I do to teach kids孩子 a solid固體 work ethic倫理?
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我怎麼教會孩子堅實的職業道德?
04:24
How do I keep them motivated動機 for the long run?"
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怎樣才能讓他們有長遠的動力?”
04:27
The honest誠實 answer回答 is, I don't know. (Laughter笑聲)
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最誠實的回答是,我不知道。(笑聲)
04:32
What I do know is that talent天賦 doesn't make you gritty堅韌不拔.
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我所知道的是,有才華不意味著就有意志力。
04:35
Our data數據 show顯示 very clearly明確地
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我們的資料非常清楚地揭示
04:37
that there are many許多 talented天才 individuals個人
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有很多才華橫溢的人
04:39
who simply只是 do not follow跟隨 through通過 on their commitments承諾.
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並不能堅持到底,實現承諾。
04:43
In fact事實, in our data數據, grit砂礫 is usually平時 unrelated無關
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事實上,我們的研究發現,
意志力通常與才華無關,
04:47
or even inversely成反比 related有關 to measures措施 of talent天賦.
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有時甚至成反比。
04:52
So far, the best最好 idea理念 I've heard聽說 about building建造 grit砂礫 in kids孩子
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關於鍛煉孩子們的意志,
到目前為止,我聽過的最好的方法
04:56
is something called "growth發展 mindset心態."
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叫做“成長型思維模式”理論。
04:59
This is an idea理念 developed發達 at Stanford斯坦福 University大學
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這是史丹福大學的
05:01
by Carol頌歌 Dweck德維克, and it is the belief信仰
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Carol Dweck 的研究的成果。
這個理論相信
05:04
that the ability能力 to learn學習 is not fixed固定,
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學習的能力不是一成不變的,
05:08
that it can change更改 with your effort功夫.
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它會由於你的努力發生變化。
05:11
Dr博士. Dweck德維克 has shown顯示 that when kids孩子 read and learn學習
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Dweck 博士已證明,當孩子們
閱讀和學習大腦的相關知識
05:14
about the brain and how it changes變化 and grows成長
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以及大腦在面對挑戰時
05:17
in response響應 to challenge挑戰,
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會怎樣變化和成長時,
05:19
they're much more likely容易 to persevere持之以恆 when they fail失敗,
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他們更有可能在失敗時繼續堅持,
05:23
because they don't believe that failure失敗
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因為他們不相信
05:26
is a permanent常駐 condition條件.
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他們永遠會失敗。
05:28
So growth發展 mindset心態 is a great idea理念 for building建造 grit砂礫.
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所以,成長型思維模式是
一種鍛煉意志力的好方法。
05:32
But we need more.
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但我們還需要更多這樣的理念。
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end結束 my remarks備註,
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而今天我的演講就到此為止,
05:36
because that's where we are.
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因為這就是我們當下的認知。
05:37
That's the work that stands站立 before us.
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這就是擺在我們面前的任務。
05:40
We need to take our best最好 ideas思路, our strongest最強 intuitions直覺,
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我們需要拿出我們最好的想法、最強的直覺
05:44
and we need to test測試 them.
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對他們進行檢驗。
05:46
We need to measure測量 whether是否 we've我們已經 been successful成功,
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我們需要衡量我們是否取得了成功,
05:49
and we have to be willing願意 to fail失敗, to be wrong錯誤,
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我們必須願意失敗、願意犯錯、
05:52
to start開始 over again with lessons教訓 learned學到了.
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願意吸取教訓並從頭開始。
05:55
In other words, we need to be gritty堅韌不拔
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換句話說,在加強我們孩子意志力這件事上,
05:59
about getting得到 our kids孩子 grittier更堅韌.
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我們自己也要有不懈的意志。
06:02
Thank you.
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謝謝。
06:03
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Wei Zeng
Reviewed by Julia Xu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angela Lee Duckworth - Psychologist
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success.

Why you should listen

In her late 20s, Angela Lee Duckworth left a demanding job as a management consultant at McKinsey to teach math in public schools in San Francisco, Philadelphia and New York.

After five years of teaching seventh graders, she went back to grad school to complete her Ph.D. in psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, where she is now an assistant professor in the psychology department. Her research subjects include students, West Point cadets, and corporate salespeople, all of whom she studies to determine how "grit" is a better indicator of success than factors such as IQ or family income.

More profile about the speaker
Angela Lee Duckworth | Speaker | TED.com