ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Solomon - Writer
Andrew Solomon writes about politics, culture and psychology.

Why you should listen

Andrew Solomon is a writer, lecturer and Professor of Clinical Psychology at Columbia University. He is president of PEN American Center. He writes regularly for The New Yorker and the New York Times.

Solomon's newest book, Far and Away: Reporting from the Brink of Change, Seven Continents, Twenty-Five Years was published in April, 2016. His previous book, Far From the Tree: Parents, Children, and the Search for Identity won the National Book Critics Circle award for nonfiction, the Wellcome Prize and 22 other national awards. It tells the stories of parents who not only learn to deal with their exceptional children but also find profound meaning in doing so. It was a New York Times bestseller in both hardcover and paperback editions. Solomon's previous book, The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression, won the 2001 National Book Award for Nonfiction, was a finalist for the 2002 Pulitzer Prize and was included in The Times of London's list of one hundred best books of the decade. It has been published in twenty-four languages. Solomon is also the author of the novel A Stone Boat and of The Irony Tower: Soviet Artists in a Time of Glasnost.

Solomon is an activist in LGBT rights, mental health, education and the arts. He is a member of the boards of directors of the National LGBTQ Force and Trans Youth Family Allies. He is a member of the Board of Visitors of Columbia University Medical Center, serves on the National Advisory Board of the Depression Center at the University of Michigan, is a director of Columbia Psychiatry and is a member of the Advisory Board of the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance. Solomon also serves on the boards of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yaddo and The Alex Fund, which supports the education of Romani children. He is also a fellow of Berkeley College at Yale University and a member of the New York Institute for the Humanities and the Council on Foreign Relations.

Solomon lives with his husband and son in New York and London and is a dual national. He also has a daughter with a college friend; mother and daughter live in Texas but visit often.


More profile about the speaker
Andrew Solomon | Speaker | TED.com
TEDMED 2013

Andrew Solomon: Love, no matter what

安德魯 • 索羅門: 愛,沒有條件

Filmed:
4,969,430 views

如果孩子和你截然不同,例如是天才、殘障人士、或罪犯,那會是什麼感受?這場平靜感人的演說,作家安德魯 • 索羅門(Andrew Solomon )與您分享他訪問數十位父母之後的領悟 — 他問家長:「無條件的愛和無條件的接受,區別在哪裡?」
- Writer
Andrew Solomon writes about politics, culture and psychology. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
"Even in purely純粹 non-religious沒有信仰 terms條款,
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「即使完全不就宗教的觀點而言
00:16
homosexuality同性戀 represents代表 a misuse濫用 of the sexual有性 faculty學院.
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同性戀仍是性機能的誤用
00:22
It is a pathetic可憐 little second-rate第二次評價 substitute替代 for reality現實 --
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是一種可悲又渺小的二流現實替代品
00:27
a pitiable可憐 flight飛行 from life.
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是一場逃離人生的可憐之旅
00:29
As such這樣, it deserves值得 no compassion同情,
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因此,同性戀不值得同情
00:33
it deserves值得 no treatment治療
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不值得擁有
00:36
as minority少數民族 martyrdom殉教,
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受苦的少數族群該有的待遇
00:38
and it deserves值得 not to be deemed認為 anything but a pernicious有害 sickness疾病."
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同性戀應該被視為一種惡性疾病。」
00:45
That's from Time magazine雜誌 in 1966, when I was three years年份 old.
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那是引自 1966 年的時代雜誌,我當時三歲
00:50
And last year, the president主席 of the United聯合的 States狀態
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而去年,美國總統
00:54
came來了 out in favor偏愛 of gay同性戀者 marriage婚姻.
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公開表態支持同性婚姻
00:57
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
01:04
And my question is, how did we get from there to here?
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我的問題是,我們是怎麼走過來的?
01:10
How did an illness疾病 become成為 an identity身分?
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疾病是如何變成一種身分的?
01:15
When I was perhaps也許 six years年份 old,
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我大概六歲的時候
01:18
I went to a shoe store商店 with my mother母親 and my brother哥哥.
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跟媽媽和弟弟去鞋店
01:21
And at the end結束 of buying購買 our shoes,
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買完鞋後
01:23
the salesman推銷員 said to us that we could each have a balloon氣球 to take home.
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店員告訴我們可以各拿一個氣球回家
01:27
My brother哥哥 wanted a red balloon氣球, and I wanted a pink balloon氣球.
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我弟弟想要紅色的,我想要粉紅色的
01:32
My mother母親 said that she thought I'd really rather have a blue藍色 balloon氣球.
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媽媽說我想要的其實是藍色的氣球
01:37
But I said that I definitely無疑 wanted the pink one.
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但是我堅決表示,我想要粉紅色的
01:40
And she reminded提醒 me that my favorite喜愛 color顏色 was blue藍色.
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媽媽提醒我,藍色才是我的最愛
01:46
The fact事實 that my favorite喜愛 color顏色 now is blue藍色, but I'm still gay同性戀者 --
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現在我最愛的顏色確實是藍色,但我仍舊是同志
01:51
(Laughter笑聲) --
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(笑聲)
01:54
is evidence證據 of both my mother's母親 influence影響 and its limits範圍.
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證明了媽媽影響力之大,但也有其極限
01:58
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:00
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
02:07
When I was little, my mother母親 used to say,
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小時候媽媽常常告訴我
02:10
"The love you have for your children孩子 is like no other feeling感覺 in the world世界.
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「父母對子女的愛是世上獨一無二的感情
02:14
And until直到 you have children孩子, you don't know what it's like."
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等到你為人父母才能體會。 」
02:17
And when I was little, I took it as the greatest最大 compliment讚揚 in the world世界
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媽媽會如此表達養育我和弟弟的心情
02:21
that she would say that about parenting育兒 my brother哥哥 and me.
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小時候我認為那是至高無上的讚美
02:24
And when I was an adolescent青少年, I thought
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等到了青春期,我就開始想
02:26
that I'm gay同性戀者, and so I probably大概 can't have a family家庭.
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我是同志,大概不能有家庭了
02:30
And when she said it, it made製作 me anxious.
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那時媽媽舊話重提,讓我感到不安
02:32
And after I came來了 out of the closet壁櫥,
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我出櫃以後
02:33
when she continued繼續 to say it, it made製作 me furious狂怒.
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媽媽還繼續說,我就發飆了
02:37
I said, "I'm gay同性戀者. That's not the direction方向 that I'm headed當家 in.
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我告訴她「我是同志,不打算走那條路
02:41
And I want you to stop saying that."
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請您以後別再提了。」
02:47
About 20 years年份 ago, I was asked by my editors編者 at The New York紐約 Times Magazine雜誌
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大約 20 年前,紐約時報雜誌的編輯向我邀稿
02:52
to write a piece about deaf culture文化.
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讓我寫一篇聾人文化的文章
02:54
And I was rather taken採取 aback嚇了一跳.
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我大吃一驚
02:56
I had thought of deafness entirely完全 as an illness疾病.
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在那之前我一直認為耳聾完全是一種疾病
02:58
Those poor較差的 people, they couldn't不能 hear.
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那群可憐的人,他們聽不到
03:00
They lacked缺乏 hearing聽力, and what could we do for them?
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他們失去了聽力,我們幫得上忙嗎?
03:03
And then I went out into the deaf world世界.
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然後我走進聾人的世界
03:05
I went to deaf clubs會所.
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我去了聾人俱樂部
03:07
I saw performances演出 of deaf theater劇院 and of deaf poetry詩歌.
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我去看聾人戲劇和聾人詩歌
03:11
I even went to the Miss小姐 Deaf America美國 contest比賽 in Nashville納什維爾, Tennessee田納西
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我甚至去了田納西州的納許維爾
看聾人美國小姐大賽
03:17
where people complained抱怨 about that slurry泥漿 Southern南部的 signing簽約.
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那裡有人抱怨含糊的南方手語
03:21
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:25
And as I plunged暴跌 deeper更深 and deeper更深 into the deaf world世界,
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當我越來越深入聾人的世界
03:29
I become成為 convinced相信 that deafness was a culture文化
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我開始確信聾是一種文化
03:32
and that the people in the deaf world世界 who said,
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也相信聾人所說
03:35
"We don't lack缺乏 hearing聽力, we have membership in a culture文化,"
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「我們沒有聽覺的缺憾,我們是聾文化的成員。」
03:38
were saying something that was viable可行.
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這種說法是站得住腳的
03:41
It wasn't my culture文化,
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聾不是我的文化
03:42
and I didn't particularly尤其 want to rush off and join加入 it,
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我也不是特別想要跑去參與
03:45
but I appreciated讚賞 that it was a culture文化
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但是我體會得出聾是一種文化
03:48
and that for the people who were members會員 of it,
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對於聾人而言
03:50
it felt as valuable有價值 as Latino拉丁美洲人 culture文化 or gay同性戀者 culture文化 or Jewish猶太 culture文化.
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聾文化的價值不亞於
拉美裔文化、同志文化或猶太文化
03:56
It felt as valid有效 perhaps也許 even as American美國 culture文化.
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我覺得聾文化也許甚至和美國文化一樣正當
04:01
Then a friend朋友 of a friend朋友 of mine had a daughter女兒 who was a dwarf矮人.
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然後我朋友的朋友生了一個侏儒女兒
04:04
And when her daughter女兒 was born天生,
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她女兒出生時
04:06
she suddenly突然 found發現 herself她自己 confronting面對 questions問題
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她突然面臨難題
04:08
that now began開始 to seem似乎 quite相當 resonant諧振 to me.
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我現在頗能體會她當時的心境
04:11
She was facing面對 the question of what to do with this child兒童.
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她面對的問題是怎麼教小孩
04:15
Should she say, "You're just like everyone大家 else其他 but a little bit shorter?"
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她應該說:「妳和大家沒兩樣,只不過稍矮一點」嗎?
04:18
Or should she try to construct構造 some kind of dwarf矮人 identity身分,
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還是她應該打造某種侏儒身分
04:22
get involved參與 in the Little People of America美國,
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參與美國矮人協會
04:24
become成為 aware知道的 of what was happening事件 for dwarfs小矮人?
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去認識侏儒面臨的問題
04:27
And I suddenly突然 thought,
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我當時突然想到
04:28
most deaf children孩子 are born天生 to hearing聽力 parents父母.
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大多數聾人的父母是聽得見的
04:31
Those hearing聽力 parents父母 tend趨向 to try to cure治愈 them.
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有聽力的父母通常會想治好聾孩子
04:34
Those deaf people discover發現 community社區 somehow不知何故 in adolescence青春期.
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但是這些聾人在青少年時期總是能找到自己的社群
04:38
Most gay同性戀者 people are born天生 to straight直行 parents父母.
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大多數同志的父母不是同性戀
04:40
Those straight直行 parents父母 often經常 want them to function功能
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那些不是同志的父母通常會要求同志
04:42
in what they think of as the mainstream主流 world世界,
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在父母認知的主流社會裡表現正常
04:45
and those gay同性戀者 people have to discover發現 identity身分 later後來 on.
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這些同志要等到以後才能發覺自己的身分
04:48
And here was this friend朋友 of mine
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而我的那位朋友
04:50
looking at these questions問題 of identity身分 with her dwarf矮人 daughter女兒.
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她在思考侏儒女兒的身分問題
04:53
And I thought, there it is again:
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我當時就想,又是同樣的問題
04:55
A family家庭 that perceives察覺 itself本身 to be normal正常
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一個自認為正常的家庭
04:58
with a child兒童 who seems似乎 to be extraordinary非凡.
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卻有了看似與眾不同的孩子
05:00
And I hatched孵化 the idea理念 that there are really two kinds of identity身分.
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於是我的想法誕生了:其實身分有兩種
05:05
There are vertical垂直 identities身份,
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一種是垂直身分
05:06
which哪一個 are passed通過 down generationally的世代 from parent to child兒童.
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從父母到子女世代相傳
05:09
Those are things like ethnicity種族, frequently經常 nationality國籍, language語言, often經常 religion宗教.
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像是種族,經常包括國籍、語言,通常也有宗教
05:15
Those are things you have in common共同 with your parents父母 and with your children孩子.
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這些都是你和你的父母及子女共同擁有的
05:20
And while some of them can be difficult,
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有些垂直身分或許難以認同
05:22
there's no attempt嘗試 to cure治愈 them.
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但沒有人想要改正這些身分
05:24
You can argue爭論 that it's harder更難 in the United聯合的 States狀態 --
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你可以主張美國有一種身分較為困難
05:27
our current當前 presidency總統任期 notwithstanding雖然 --
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姑且不論現任總統也是這個身分
05:29
to be a person of color顏色.
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就是有色人種
05:31
And yet然而, we have nobody沒有人 who is trying to ensure確保
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然而沒人會想要確保
05:34
that the next下一個 generation of children孩子 born天生 to African-Americans非洲裔美國人 and Asians亞洲人
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非裔和亞裔美國人的下一代
05:38
come out with creamy奶油 skin皮膚 and yellow黃色 hair頭髮.
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生出來的時候會是金髮白膚
05:41
There are these other identities身份 which哪一個 you have to learn學習 from a peer窺視 group.
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另一種身分必須從同輩中得知
05:45
And I call them horizontal identities身份,
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我稱之為水平身分
05:48
because the peer窺視 group is the horizontal experience經驗.
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因為同輩之間的體驗是水平的
05:51
These are identities身份 that are alien外僑 to your parents父母
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水平身分是你父母所沒有的
05:53
and that you have to discover發現 when you get to see them in peers同行.
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必須在同輩之間察覺到這種身分才能認同
05:57
And those identities身份, those horizontal identities身份,
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這些身分,這些水平身分
06:00
people have almost幾乎 always tried試著 to cure治愈.
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人們幾乎總是想要治癒
06:04
And I wanted to look at what the process處理 is
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我要觀察的是一種歷程
06:07
through通過 which哪一個 people who have those identities身份
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有這些水平身分的人
06:09
come to a good relationship關係 with them.
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如何處之泰然的歷程
06:12
And it seemed似乎 to me that there were three levels水平 of acceptance驗收
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在我看來,似乎需要
06:16
that needed需要 to take place地點.
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三個層次的接受
06:17
There's self-acceptance自我認同, there's family家庭 acceptance驗收, and there's social社會 acceptance驗收.
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自我接受、家庭接受、社會接受
06:23
And they don't always coincide重合.
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三種接受不一定同時發生
06:25
And a lot of the time, people who have these conditions條件 are very angry憤怒
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不被接受的人常常會很生氣
06:29
because they feel as though雖然 their parents父母 don't love them,
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因為覺得父母好像不愛他們
06:32
when what actually其實 has happened發生 is that their parents父母 don't accept接受 them.
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其實父母只是不贊同他們
06:36
Love is something that ideally理想 is there unconditionally無條件
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愛,理想上是沒有條件的
06:40
throughout始終 the relationship關係 between之間 a parent and a child兒童.
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在親子關係裡恆久存在
06:43
But acceptance驗收 is something that takes time.
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但是接受需要時間
06:46
It always takes time.
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總是需要時間
06:48
One of the dwarfs小矮人 I got to know was a guy named命名 Clinton克林頓 Brown棕色.
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我認識一位叫做克林頓 • 布朗的侏儒
06:53
When he was born天生, he was diagnosed確診 with diastrophic畸形性 dwarfism侏儒症,
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他出生時被診斷為畸形性侏儒症
06:56
a very disabling禁用 condition條件,
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一種極端殘障的病症
06:58
and his parents父母 were told that he would never walk步行, he would never talk,
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他的父母被告知,他以後永遠不能走路,也不會說話
07:02
he would have no intellectual知識分子 capacity容量,
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還會有智能障礙
07:04
and he would probably大概 not even recognize認識 them.
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甚至可能認不出父母
07:06
And it was suggested建議 to them that they leave離開 him at the hospital醫院
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醫生建議他們把孩子留在醫院
07:10
so that he could die there quietly悄悄.
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讓他在那裡靜靜地死去
07:12
And his mother母親 said she wasn't going to do it.
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他的媽媽不願意這麼做
07:14
And she took her son兒子 home.
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她把兒子帶回家
07:16
And even though雖然 she didn't have a lot of educational教育性 or financial金融 advantages優點,
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雖然媽媽教育程度不高也不富裕
07:19
she found發現 the best最好 doctor醫生 in the country國家
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卻找到了全國最好的醫生
07:21
for dealing交易 with diastrophic畸形性 dwarfism侏儒症,
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主治畸形性侏儒症
07:24
and she got Clinton克林頓 enrolled就讀 with him.
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媽媽讓克林頓去看那位醫生
07:26
And in the course課程 of his childhood童年,
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克林頓的童年
07:28
he had 30 major重大的 surgical外科 procedures程序.
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接受過 30 個重大的外科手術
07:31
And he spent花費 all this time stuck卡住 in the hospital醫院
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他為了動手術
07:33
while he was having those procedures程序,
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長時間待在醫院
07:35
as a result結果 of which哪一個 he now can walk步行.
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結果他現在可以走路
07:37
And while he was there, they sent發送 tutors導師 around to help him with his school學校 work.
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他在醫院的時候有老師輔導課業
07:41
And he worked工作 very hard because there was nothing else其他 to do.
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他很用功,因為沒別的事情可做
07:44
And he ended結束 up achieving實現 at a level水平
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他後來的成就
07:46
that had never before been contemplated考慮 by any member會員 of his family家庭.
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家人以前怎麼也想不到
07:50
He was the first one in his family家庭, in fact事實, to go to college學院,
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事實上他是家裡面第一位上大學的
07:53
where he lived生活 on campus校園 and drove開車 a specially-fitted專門裝 car汽車
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他住校而且自己開車
07:56
that accommodated容納 his unusual異常 body身體.
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一輛為他特殊身體狀況而製的車子
07:59
And his mother母親 told me this story故事 of coming未來 home one day --
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他媽媽有一天告訴我他兒子回家的故事
08:02
and he went to college學院 nearby附近 --
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他的學校離家很近
08:04
and she said, "I saw that car汽車, which哪一個 you can always recognize認識,
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她說:「我看到那輛車,一眼就認出來是他的
08:07
in the parking停車處 lot of a bar酒吧," she said. (Laughter笑聲)
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車子停在酒吧的停車場。」(笑聲)
08:11
"And I thought to myself, they're six feet tall, he's three feet tall.
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她說:「我心裡想,他們 180 公分,他才 90 公分
08:16
Two beers啤酒 for them is four beers啤酒 for him."
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他們的兩杯啤酒是他的四杯。」
08:18
She said, "I knew知道 I couldn't不能 go in there and interrupt打斷 him,
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她說:「我知道不能進去阻止他
08:21
but I went home, and I left him eight messages消息 on his cell細胞 phone電話."
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但我回家後留了八封手機簡訊給他。」
08:25
She said, "And then I thought,
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她說:「然後我心裡想
08:27
if someone有人 had said to me when he was born天生
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如果他出生時有人告訴我
08:29
that my future未來 worry擔心 would be that he'd他會 go drinking and driving主動 with his college學院 buddies哥兒們 -- "
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將來我擔心的會是他和大學同伴酒後駕車...。」
08:34
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
08:43
And I said to her, "What do you think you did
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然後我問她:「妳認為自己做了什麼
08:45
that helped幫助 him to emerge出現 as this charming迷人, accomplished完成, wonderful精彩 person?"
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能幫助他成為迷人、有成就、又令人驚嘆的人?
08:50
And she said, "What did I do? I loved喜愛 him, that's all.
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她回答:「我做了什麼?我愛他,沒別的。」
08:54
Clinton克林頓 just always had that light in him.
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克林頓的心中總是有著光芒
08:57
And his father父親 and I were lucky幸運 enough足夠 to be the first to see it there."
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而他父親和我,是有幸最先看到那道光芒的人。」
09:04
I'm going to quote引用 from another另一個 magazine雜誌 of the '60s.
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我要引述 1960 年代另一家雜誌
09:07
This one is from 1968 -- The Atlantic大西洋 Monthly每月一次, voice語音 of liberal自由主義的 America美國 --
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這次是 1968 年的大西洋月刊 —
美國的自由主義之聲
09:13
written書面 by an important重要 bioethicist生物倫理學家.
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作者是重要的生物倫理學家
09:15
He said, "There is no reason原因 to feel guilty有罪
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他表示:「對於放棄唐氏症兒童
09:19
about putting a Down syndrome綜合徵 child兒童 away,
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我們沒有理由內疚
09:22
whether是否 it is put away in the sense of hidden in a sanitarium療養院
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無論是私下送到療養院
09:27
or in a more responsible主管, lethal致命 sense.
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或是更負責的、一了百了的方式
09:31
It is sad傷心, yes -- dreadful可怕. But it carries攜帶 no guilt有罪.
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很可悲沒錯,也很可怕。但是不需要內疚
09:36
True真正 guilt有罪 arises出現 only from an offense罪行 against反對 a person,
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真正的內疚,是冒犯他人
09:40
and a Down's唐氏 is not a person."
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而唐氏症患者不算是人。」
09:45
There's been a lot of ink墨水 given特定 to the enormous巨大 progress進展 that we've我們已經 made製作
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關於同志處境的大幅進步
09:49
in the treatment治療 of gay同性戀者 people.
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已經有很多文章有所著墨
09:51
The fact事實 that our attitude態度 has changed is in the headlines新聞頭條 every一切 day.
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每天的頭條都有報導我們對同志的態度已改變
09:55
But we forget忘記 how we used to see people who had other differences分歧,
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但我們忘了過去是怎麼看待其他不同的人
10:00
how we used to see people who were disabled,
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忘了過去是怎麼看待殘障的人
10:02
how inhuman不人道 we held保持 people to be.
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忘了過去我們是多麼不人道
10:05
And the change更改 that's been accomplished完成 there,
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在那些方面的改變
10:07
which哪一個 is almost幾乎 equally一樣 radical激進,
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幾乎同樣地激進
10:09
is one that we pay工資 not very much attention注意 to.
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我們卻不是很重視
10:11
One of the families家庭 I interviewed採訪, Tom湯姆 and Karen卡倫 Robards羅巴茲,
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我採訪過羅巴茲家庭的湯姆和凱倫夫婦
10:15
were taken採取 aback嚇了一跳 when, as young年輕 and successful成功 New Yorkers紐約人,
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他們當時是年輕且成功的紐約人
10:19
their first child兒童 was diagnosed確診 with Down syndrome綜合徵.
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得知長子是唐氏兒時大為驚訝
10:23
They thought the educational教育性 opportunities機會 for him were not what they should be,
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他們認為兒子的教育機會不符期望
10:27
and so they decided決定 they would build建立 a little center中央 --
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於是決定要成立一個小型中心
10:31
two classrooms教室 that they started開始 with a few少數 other parents父母 --
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利用兩間教室,開始和其他父母
10:34
to educate教育 kids孩子 with D.S.
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一起教導唐氏兒
10:37
And over the years年份, that center中央 grew成長 into something called the Cooke庫克 Center中央,
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多年來,該中心已擴大為庫克中心
10:41
where there are now thousands數千 upon thousands數千
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現在有成千上萬名
10:43
of children孩子 with intellectual知識分子 disabilities殘疾人 who are being存在 taught.
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智障兒童在此受教
10:47
In the time since以來 that Atlantic大西洋 Monthly每月一次 story故事 ran,
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自從大西洋月刊登出那篇文章以來
10:50
the life expectancy期待 for people with Down syndrome綜合徵 has tripled三倍.
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唐氏症患者的平均壽命已成長了三倍
10:54
The experience經驗 of Down syndrome綜合徵 people includes包括 those who are actors演員,
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有唐氏症的人包括演員
10:59
those who are writers作家, some who are able能夠 to live生活 fully充分 independently獨立地 in adulthood成年.
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作家以及成年後可以完全獨立生活的人
11:05
The Robards羅巴茲 had a lot to do with that.
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羅巴茲夫婦的貢獻不小
11:07
And I said, "Do you regret後悔 it?
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我問他們:「你們有遺憾嗎?
11:08
Do you wish希望 your child兒童 didn't have Down syndrome綜合徵?
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你們希望自己的孩子不是唐氏兒嗎?
11:11
Do you wish希望 you'd never heard聽說 of it?"
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你們希望從未聽過唐氏症這回事嗎?
11:12
And interestingly有趣 his father父親 said,
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有趣的是這位父親表示
11:15
"Well, for David大衛, our son兒子, I regret後悔 it,
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「這個嘛,為了兒子大衛著想,我有遺憾
11:17
because for David大衛, it's a difficult way to be in the world世界,
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因為對大衛來說,這個世界的患者之路很難走
11:21
and I'd like to give David大衛 an easier更輕鬆 life.
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我想讓大衛生活得更輕鬆
11:24
But I think if we lost丟失 everyone大家 with Down syndrome綜合徵, it would be a catastrophic災難性的 loss失利."
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但我想,如果世上不再有唐氏兒,會是極大的損失。」
11:29
And Karen卡倫 Robards羅巴茲 said to me, "I'm with Tom湯姆.
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凱倫 • 羅巴茲對我說:「我同意湯姆的看法
11:32
For David大衛, I would cure治愈 it in an instant瞬間 to give him an easier更輕鬆 life.
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為了讓大衛過得更輕鬆,我會想立刻治癒唐氏症
11:36
But speaking請講 for myself -- well, I would never have believed相信 23 years年份 ago when he was born天生
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但對我而言,23年前他出生時,我絕不會相信
11:41
that I could come to such這樣 a point --
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我能走到今天這一步
11:43
speaking請講 for myself, it's made製作 me so much better and so much kinder金德
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對我而言,他的病讓我成為更好、更仁慈的人
11:48
and so much more purposeful有目的的 in my whole整個 life,
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讓我的人生更有目的
11:51
that speaking請講 for myself, I wouldn't不會 give it up for anything in the world世界."
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對我而言,這種經驗世上任何東西都換不來。」
11:57
We live生活 at a point when social社會 acceptance驗收 for these and many許多 other conditions條件
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現在社會對這些和其他病症的接受程度
12:02
is on the up and up.
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越來越高
12:03
And yet然而 we also live生活 at the moment時刻
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然而此時此刻
12:05
when our ability能力 to eliminate消除 those conditions條件
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我們滅絕這些病症的能力
12:08
has reached到達 a height高度 we never imagined想像 before.
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也已經達到了超乎想像的高峰
12:11
Most deaf infants嬰兒 born天生 in the United聯合的 States狀態 now
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美國現在新生的聾兒
12:14
will receive接收 Cochlear人工耳蝸 implants植入物,
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會接受人工電子耳
12:16
which哪一個 are put into the brain and connected連接的 to a receiver接收器,
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植入大腦並連上接收器
12:21
and which哪一個 allow允許 them to acquire獲得 a facsimile傳真 of hearing聽力 and to use oral口服 speech言語.
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讓他們具有聽說的能力
12:26
A compound複合 that has been tested測試 in mice老鼠, BMN-BMN-111,
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有一種名為 BMN-111 的化合物,已做過小鼠試驗
12:30
is useful有用 in preventing防止 the action行動 of the achondroplasia軟骨發育不全 gene基因.
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能夠抑制「軟骨發育不全」基因
12:35
Achondroplasia軟骨發育不全 is the most common共同 form形成 of dwarfism侏儒症,
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軟骨發育不全是侏儒症最常見的形式
12:38
and mice老鼠 who have been given特定 that substance物質 and who have the achondroplasia軟骨發育不全 gene基因,
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有「軟骨發育不全」基因的小鼠
攝取了 BMN-11 後
12:42
grow增長 to full充分 size尺寸.
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可以生長到正常體型
12:44
Testing測試 in humans人類 is around the corner.
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人體試驗指日可待
12:46
There are blood血液 tests測試 which哪一個 are making製造 progress進展
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唐氏症的驗血的技術也在進步
12:48
that would pick up Down syndrome綜合徵 more clearly明確地 and earlier in pregnancies懷孕 than ever before,
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可以在懷孕時,更早且更明確地鑑別唐氏症
12:54
making製造 it easier更輕鬆 and easier更輕鬆 for people to eliminate消除 those pregnancies懷孕,
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從而越來越容易避免
12:59
or to terminate終止 them.
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唐氏症胎兒的出生
13:00
And so we have both social社會 progress進展 and medical progress進展.
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因此我們的社會進步了,醫學也進步了
13:05
And I believe in both of them.
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我認同這兩方面的進步
13:07
I believe the social社會 progress進展 is fantastic奇妙 and meaningful富有意義的 and wonderful精彩,
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我認為社會的進步太棒了、有意義、令人讚歎
13:11
and I think the same相同 thing about the medical progress進展.
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我認為醫學的進步同樣是好事
13:14
But I think it's a tragedy悲劇 when one of them doesn't see the other.
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但我認為二者不能配合卻是個悲劇
13:18
And when I see the way they're intersecting相交
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我觀察他們交會的方式
13:20
in conditions條件 like the three I've just described描述,
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以我剛才描述的三個病症為例
13:23
I sometimes有時 think it's like those moments瞬間 in grand盛大 opera歌劇
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有時侯我會覺得這像大歌劇裡面
13:26
when the hero英雄 realizes實現 he loves the heroine女英雄
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男主角發現自己愛上了女主角的時刻
13:29
at the exact精確 moment時刻 that she lies expiring到期 on a divan長沙發.
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就是女主角躺在長沙發上要斷氣的那一刻
13:33
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
13:36
We have to think about how we feel about cures治愈 altogether.
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我們必須全盤考量對於治癒的態度
13:40
And a lot of the time the question of parenthood父母 is,
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常常父母面對的問題是
13:43
what do we validate驗證 in our children孩子,
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孩子的哪些方面該肯定
13:45
and what do we cure治愈 in them?
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哪些方面又需要治療?
13:47
Jim吉姆 Sinclair辛克萊, a prominent突出 autism自閉症 activist活動家, said,
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知名的自閉症行動主義者吉姆 • 辛克萊表示
13:51
"When parents父母 say 'I'一世 wish希望 my child兒童 did not have autism自閉症,'
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「父母說『我希望我的孩子沒有自閉症』
13:55
what they're really saying is 'I'一世 wish希望 the child兒童 I have did not exist存在
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他們真正的意思是『我希望這個孩子不存在』
14:00
and I had a different不同, non-autistic非自閉症 child兒童 instead代替.'
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換成另一個沒有自閉症的孩子
14:04
Read that again. This is what we hear when you mourn over our existence存在.
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聽清楚。你們哀嘆我們的存在之時
我們聽到的這就是這個意思
14:09
This is what we hear when you pray祈禱 for a cure治愈 --
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你們祈禱解藥出現的時候,我們聽到的是 ─
14:12
that your fondest最鍾愛 wish希望 for us
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你們衷心希望
14:14
is that someday日後 we will cease停止 to be
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有一天我們不復存在
14:17
and strangers陌生人 you can love will move移動 in behind背後 our faces面孔."
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和我們有著相同面孔的陌生人
將取代我們,得到你們所有的愛。」
14:22
It's a very extreme極端 point of view視圖,
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這個觀點非常極端
14:25
but it points to the reality現實 that people engage從事 with the life they have
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但指出了一個現實:人們要過自己的生活
14:29
and they don't want to be cured治愈 or changed or eliminated淘汰.
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不希望被治癒、改變或滅絕
14:34
They want to be whoever it is that they've他們已經 come to be.
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他們希望保有與生俱來的天性
14:37
One of the families家庭 I interviewed採訪 for this project項目
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我為這個專案採訪了迪倫 • 柯萊柏德的家庭
14:41
was the family家庭 of Dylan迪倫 Klebold克萊波爾德 who was one of the perpetrators肇事者 of the Columbine鴿的 massacre屠殺.
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迪倫是科倫拜校園慘案的兇手之一
14:46
It took a long time to persuade說服 them to talk to me,
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我花了很長時間說服他的家人跟我談話
14:49
and once一旦 they agreed約定, they were so full充分 of their story故事
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一旦他們同意談話,因為有太多故事
14:52
that they couldn't不能 stop telling告訴 it.
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一開口就欲罷不能
14:53
And the first weekend週末 I spent花費 with them -- the first of many許多 --
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我第一次和他們共度週末 — 後來還有許多次
14:56
I recorded記錄 more than 20 hours小時 of conversation會話.
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我錄了 20 幾個小時的談話
14:59
And on Sunday星期日 night, we were all exhausted.
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到了週日晚上,我們都已疲憊不堪
15:01
We were sitting坐在 in the kitchen廚房. Sue起訴 Klebold克萊波爾德 was fixing定影 dinner晚餐.
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我們坐在廚房裡,蘇柯 • 萊柏德在做晚餐
15:04
And I said, "If Dylan迪倫 were here now,
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我說:「如果迪倫還在
15:07
do you have a sense of what you'd want to ask him?"
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你們想要問他什麼嗎?」
15:10
And his father父親 said, "I sure do.
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迪倫的父親說:「當然
15:12
I'd want to ask him what the hell地獄 he thought he was doing."
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我要問他搞什麼鬼,怎麼會做出那種事。」
15:16
And Sue起訴 looked看著 at the floor地板, and she thought for a minute分鐘.
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蘇看著地板,沉思了一會兒
15:19
And then she looked看著 back up and said,
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然後抬頭說
15:21
"I would ask him to forgive原諒 me for being存在 his mother母親
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「我想請他原諒我沒做好母親的角色
15:25
and never knowing會心 what was going on inside his head."
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從來不知道他腦子裡想的是什麼。」
15:30
When I had dinner晚餐 with her a couple一對 of years年份 later後來 --
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兩年之後我再度和她共度晚餐
15:33
one of many許多 dinners晚餐 that we had together一起 --
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我們許多共同的晚餐之一
15:35
she said, "You know, when it first happened發生,
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她說:「你知道嗎,事情發生的時候
15:38
I used to wish希望 that I had never married已婚, that I had never had children孩子.
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我希望自己沒結過婚,沒生過孩子
15:42
If I hadn't有沒有 gone走了 to Ohio俄亥俄州 State and crossed越過 paths路徑 with Tom湯姆,
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我想如果沒去俄亥俄州立大學,沒遇見湯姆
15:45
this child兒童 wouldn't不會 have existed存在 and this terrible可怕 thing wouldn't不會 have happened發生.
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就不會有這個孩子,慘案也不會發生了
15:49
But I've come to feel that I love the children孩子 I had so much
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但是後來我覺得自己太愛孩子們了
15:54
that I don't want to imagine想像 a life without them.
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不願意想像沒有他們的生活
15:57
I recognize認識 the pain疼痛 they caused造成 to others其他, for which哪一個 there can be no forgiveness饒恕,
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我明白他們對別人造成的痛苦,那是無法寬恕的
16:02
but the pain疼痛 they caused造成 to me, there is," she said.
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但我能寬恕他們帶給我的痛苦。」她說
16:05
"So while I recognize認識 that it would have been better for the world世界
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「所以雖然我明白,如果迪倫從未出生
16:09
if Dylan迪倫 had never been born天生,
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世界會更好
16:12
I've decided決定 that it would not have been better for me."
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但是我認定那樣對我並非更好。」
16:17
I thought it was surprising奇怪 how all of these families家庭 had all of these children孩子 with all of these problems問題,
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我認為令人驚訝的是這些家庭
有這麼多子女的問題
16:24
problems問題 that they mostly大多 would have doneDONE anything to avoid避免,
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這些問題又是他們常常不惜代價去避免的
16:27
and that they had all found發現 so much meaning含義 in that experience經驗 of parenting育兒.
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但他們都發現養育兒女的經驗很有意義
16:30
And then I thought, all of us who have children孩子
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然後我想,我們這些有孩子的人
16:34
love the children孩子 we have, with their flaws破綻.
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愛我們有缺陷的孩子
16:36
If some glorious輝煌 angel天使 suddenly突然 descended下降 through通過 my living活的 room房間 ceiling天花板
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如果光輝的天使突然從客廳的天花板降臨
16:41
and offered提供 to take away the children孩子 I have
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提議帶走我的孩子
16:43
and give me other, better children孩子 -- more polite有禮貌, funnier有趣, nicer更好, smarter聰明 --
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換一個更好的孩子 ─ 更有禮、風趣、友善、聰明
16:49
I would cling依偎 to the children孩子 I have and pray祈禱 away that atrocious窮凶極惡 spectacle場面.
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我會緊握住自己的孩子不放
祈禱殘忍的場面不會發生
16:54
And ultimately最終 I feel
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我終究覺得
16:56
that in the same相同 way that we test測試 flame-retardant不易燃的 pajamas睡衣 in an inferno地獄
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就像我們在大火中測試防火睡衣
17:00
to ensure確保 they won't慣於 catch抓住 fire when our child兒童 reaches到達 across橫過 the stove火爐,
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以確保孩子手伸到爐子上時不會著火
17:05
so these stories故事 of families家庭 negotiating談判 these extreme極端 differences分歧
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這些家庭超越極端差異的故事
17:09
reflect反映 on the universal普遍 experience經驗 of parenting育兒,
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反映了普世的育兒經驗
17:11
which哪一個 is always that sometimes有時 you look at your child兒童 and you think,
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有時候你看著孩子,心裡想
17:15
where did you come from?
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你是從哪裡蹦出來的?
17:18
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
17:20
It turns out that while each of these individual個人 differences分歧 is siloed孤立 --
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事實證明,儘管個別的每一種差異都被掩藏起來
17:25
there are only so many許多 families家庭 dealing交易 with schizophrenia精神分裂症,
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畢竟面對精神分裂症的家庭只有這麼多
17:28
there are only so many許多 families家庭 of children孩子 who are transgender變性,
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孩子變性的家庭只有這麼多
17:30
there are only so many許多 families家庭 of prodigies天才 --
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神童的家庭只有這麼多
17:32
who also face面對 similar類似 challenges挑戰 in many許多 ways方法 --
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神童家庭也有多方面類似的挑戰
17:35
there are only so many許多 families家庭 in each of those categories類別 --
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這些家庭的數目,每一種都不是很多
17:37
but if you start開始 to think
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但如果換個想法
17:39
that the experience經驗 of negotiating談判 difference區別 within your family家庭
311
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你的家人超越差異的經驗
17:42
is what people are addressing解決,
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是大家都在解決的問題
17:44
then you discover發現 that it's a nearly幾乎 universal普遍 phenomenon現象.
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那你就會發現這幾乎是普世現象
17:48
Ironically諷刺地, it turns out, that it's our differences分歧, and our negotiation談判 of difference區別,
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諷刺的是,事實證明我們的差異以及我們超越了差異
17:53
that unite團結 us.
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使我們團結起來
17:55
I decided決定 to have children孩子 while I was working加工 on this project項目.
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我是在做這個專案的時候才決定要有孩子
18:01
And many許多 people were astonished驚訝 and said,
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很多人驚訝地問我
18:04
"But how can you decide決定 to have children孩子
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「你怎麼會現在決定要孩子
18:05
in the midst中間 of studying研究 everything that can go wrong錯誤?"
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你不是正在研究所有可能出錯之處嗎?」
18:10
And I said, "I'm not studying研究 everything that can go wrong錯誤.
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我說:「我不是在研究所有可能出錯之處
18:13
What I'm studying研究 is how much love there can be,
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我研究的是儘管一切看似出了錯
18:16
even when everything appears出現 to be going wrong錯誤."
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愛還能夠有多少。」
18:21
I thought a lot about the mother母親 of one disabled child兒童 I had seen看到,
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我常常想到一位母親,我見過她殘障的兒子
18:26
a severely嚴重 disabled child兒童 who died死亡 through通過 caregiver護理人員 neglect忽略.
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那個嚴重殘障的孩子因為看護的疏失而死
18:30
And when his ashes灰燼 were interred埋葬, his mother母親 said,
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2810
他的骨灰入土時,他的母親說
18:33
"I pray祈禱 here for forgiveness饒恕 for having been twice兩次 robbed被搶,
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8034
「我在這裡祈求寬恕,為了我的孩子兩次被奪走
18:41
once一旦 of the child兒童 I wanted and once一旦 of the son兒子 I loved喜愛."
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一次失去的是我想要的孩子,一次是我愛的兒子。」
18:47
And I figured想通 it was possible可能 then for anyone任何人 to love any child兒童
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於是我想通了,任何人都有可能愛任何孩子
18:52
if they had the effective有效 will to do so.
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只要他們有實際的意願
18:54
So my husband丈夫 is the biological生物 father父親 of two children孩子
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5025
我丈夫是兩個孩子的生父
18:59
with some lesbian女同性戀 friends朋友 in Minneapolis明尼阿波利斯.
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他們的母親是在明尼阿波里斯市的女同志友人
19:02
I had a close friend朋友 from college學院 who'd誰願意 gone走了 through通過 a divorce離婚 and wanted to have children孩子.
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我有個大學密友離了婚,想要孩子
19:08
And so she and I have a daughter女兒,
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1898
於是她和我有了一個女兒
19:10
and mother母親 and daughter女兒 live生活 in Texas德州.
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2211
母女住在德州
19:12
And my husband丈夫 and I have a son兒子 who lives生活 with us all the time
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我丈夫和我有個一直住在一起的兒子
19:15
of whom I am the biological生物 father父親,
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2384
我是他的生父
19:17
and our surrogate代孕 for the pregnancy懷孕 was Laura勞拉,
337
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我們的代孕母是蘿拉
19:21
the lesbian女同性戀 mother母親 of Oliver奧利弗 and Lucy露西 in Minneapolis明尼阿波利斯.
338
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她是在明尼阿波里斯市的女同志
奧利弗和露西的母親
19:24
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
19:33
So the shorthand速記 is five parents父母 of four children孩子 in three states狀態.
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簡言之,我們在三個州有五個父母和四個孩子
19:39
And there are people who think that the existence存在 of my family家庭
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有人認為我家庭的存在
19:42
somehow不知何故 undermines破壞 or weakens削弱 or damages賠償 their family家庭.
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4665
多少減弱或破壞了他們的家庭
19:47
And there are people who think that families家庭 like mine
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還有人認為像我這樣的家庭
19:50
shouldn't不能 be allowed允許 to exist存在.
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不應該容許存在
19:52
And I don't accept接受 subtractive消減 models楷模 of love, only additive添加劑 ones那些.
345
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5655
我不接受減法的愛,只接受加法的愛
19:58
And I believe that in the same相同 way that we need species種類 diversity多樣
346
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3526
而且我相信,就像我們需要物種多樣性
20:01
to ensure確保 that the planet行星 can go on,
347
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以確保地球能延續下去
20:03
so we need this diversity多樣 of affection感情 and diversity多樣 of family家庭
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我們同樣需要多樣的親情和多樣的家庭
20:08
in order訂購 to strengthen加強 the ecosphere生態圈 of kindness善良.
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以加強「仁慈生態圈」
20:12
The day after our son兒子 was born天生,
350
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我們兒子出生的次日
20:15
the pediatrician兒科醫師 came來了 into the hospital醫院 room房間 and said she was concerned關心.
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4572
小兒科醫生走進病房表示擔心
20:19
He wasn't extending擴展 his legs appropriately適當.
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孩子伸腿不太正常
20:22
She said that might威力 mean that he had brain damage損傷.
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她說這可能顯示大腦受損
20:25
In so far as he was extending擴展 them, he was doing so asymmetrically不對稱,
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3361
他有伸過腿,但伸得不對稱
20:29
which哪一個 she thought could mean that there was a tumor of some kind in action行動.
355
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3863
她認為這可能顯示孩子有腫瘤干擾
20:32
And he had a very large head, which哪一個 she thought might威力 indicate表明 hydrocephalus腦積水.
356
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4783
孩子的頭非常大,她認為這可能顯示腦水腫
20:37
And as she told me all of these things,
357
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她告訴我這一切的時候
20:39
I felt the very center中央 of my being存在 pouring澆注 out onto the floor地板.
358
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3995
我覺得六神無主
20:43
And I thought, here I had been working加工 for years年份
359
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2343
我當時想,這本書寫了好幾年了
20:45
on a book about how much meaning含義 people had found發現
360
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2549
探討養育殘障孩子的經驗
20:48
in the experience經驗 of parenting育兒 children孩子 who are disabled,
361
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父母從中發現了多少人生的意義
20:51
and I didn't want to join加入 their number.
362
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我當時卻不想成為他們的一員
20:55
Because what I was encountering遇到 was an idea理念 of illness疾病.
363
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2695
因為我面對的是一種疾病的觀念
20:58
And like all parents父母 since以來 the dawn黎明 of time,
364
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2250
就像自古以來所有的父母
21:00
I wanted to protect保護 my child兒童 from illness疾病.
365
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3346
我想讓我的孩子遠離疾病
21:03
And I wanted also to protect保護 myself from illness疾病.
366
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3211
我自己也不想得病
21:07
And yet然而, I knew知道 from the work I had doneDONE
367
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2560
然而我從工作得知
21:09
that if he had any of the things we were about to start開始 testing測試 for,
368
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4107
如果測試結果他有我們擔心的情況
21:13
that those would ultimately最終 be his identity身分,
369
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3073
那些終歸是他的身分
21:16
and if they were his identity身分 they would become成為 my identity身分,
370
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4234
如果那些是他的身分,也將成為我的身分
21:21
that that illness疾病 was going to take a very different不同 shape形狀 as it unfolded展開.
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4157
我也知道疾病將會發展出非常不同的狀態
21:25
We took him to the MRIMRI machine, we took him to the CAT scanner掃描器,
372
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3031
我們帶他去做核磁共振,去做斷層掃描
21:28
we took this day-old日齡 child兒童 and gave him over for an arterial動脈 blood血液 draw.
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我們讓這個一天大的孩子接受動脈抽血
21:32
We felt helpless無助.
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1194
我們感到無助
21:33
And at the end結束 of five hours小時,
375
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1478
五個小時之後
21:34
they said that his brain was completely全然 clear明確
376
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2224
院方表示他的大腦完全沒問題
21:37
and that he was by then extending擴展 his legs correctly正確地.
377
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3010
並且那個時候他已經能夠正常伸腿
21:40
And when I asked the pediatrician兒科醫師 what had been going on,
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2932
我問小兒科醫生這到底是怎麼回事
21:43
she said she thought in the morning早上 he had probably大概 had a cramp抽筋.
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4335
她說孩子早上可能是抽筋吧
21:47
(Laughter笑聲)
380
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3565
(笑聲)
21:51
But I thought how my mother母親 was right.
381
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7833
但我想我母親真對
21:58
I thought, the love you have for your children孩子
382
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3495
我心裡想,對孩子的愛
22:02
is unlike不像 any other feeling感覺 in the world世界,
383
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3330
是世上獨一無二的感情
22:05
and until直到 you have children孩子, you don't know what it feels感覺 like.
384
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6164
等到你為人父母才知道是什麼滋味
22:11
I think children孩子 had ensnared誘捕 me
385
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2321
我想到作為父親的失落之時
22:14
the moment時刻 I connected連接的 fatherhood父親 with loss失利.
386
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3526
孩子就成了我的陷阱
22:17
But I'm not sure I would have noticed注意到 that
387
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1932
但要不是我一直在鑽研這個專案
22:19
if I hadn't有沒有 been so in the thick of this research研究 project項目 of mine.
388
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5525
我不確定會有如此領悟
22:25
I'd encountered遇到 so much strange奇怪 love,
389
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3232
我接觸了這麼多奇怪的愛
22:28
and I fell下跌 very naturally自然 into its bewitching妖媚 patterns模式.
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3785
很自然地落入它迷人的模式
22:32
And I saw how splendor can illuminate照亮 even the most abject卑劣 vulnerabilities漏洞.
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6727
我看到光彩是如何照亮了甚至最難堪的弱點
22:38
During these 10 years年份, I had witnessed目擊 and learned學到了
392
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3806
十年來我目睹和學到
22:42
the terrifying可怕的 joy喜悅 of unbearable不堪忍受 responsibility責任,
393
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3492
難忍的責任帶來了令人震懾的喜悅
22:46
and I had come to see how it conquers征服 everything else其他.
394
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我看到了這些喜悅征服了一切
22:49
And while I had sometimes有時 thought the parents父母 I was interviewing面試 were fools傻瓜,
395
1357736
4301
雖然有時侯我認為受訪的父母是傻子
22:54
enslaving奴役 themselves他們自己 to a lifetime's一輩子的 journey旅程 with their thankless費力不討好 children孩子
396
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4950
他們一輩子受忘恩的孩子束縛
22:58
and trying to breed品種 identity身分 out of misery苦難,
397
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2949
還想要從不幸中孕育出身分認同
23:01
I realized實現 that day that my research研究 had built內置 me a plank
398
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那天我明白了我的研究替我建立了踏板
23:06
and that I was ready準備 to join加入 them on their ship.
399
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3414
我已準備好上船和那些父母同舟共濟
23:09
Thank you.
400
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謝謝
23:11
(Applause掌聲)
401
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5651
(掌聲)
Translated by Ron Chao
Reviewed by Iris Chung

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Solomon - Writer
Andrew Solomon writes about politics, culture and psychology.

Why you should listen

Andrew Solomon is a writer, lecturer and Professor of Clinical Psychology at Columbia University. He is president of PEN American Center. He writes regularly for The New Yorker and the New York Times.

Solomon's newest book, Far and Away: Reporting from the Brink of Change, Seven Continents, Twenty-Five Years was published in April, 2016. His previous book, Far From the Tree: Parents, Children, and the Search for Identity won the National Book Critics Circle award for nonfiction, the Wellcome Prize and 22 other national awards. It tells the stories of parents who not only learn to deal with their exceptional children but also find profound meaning in doing so. It was a New York Times bestseller in both hardcover and paperback editions. Solomon's previous book, The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression, won the 2001 National Book Award for Nonfiction, was a finalist for the 2002 Pulitzer Prize and was included in The Times of London's list of one hundred best books of the decade. It has been published in twenty-four languages. Solomon is also the author of the novel A Stone Boat and of The Irony Tower: Soviet Artists in a Time of Glasnost.

Solomon is an activist in LGBT rights, mental health, education and the arts. He is a member of the boards of directors of the National LGBTQ Force and Trans Youth Family Allies. He is a member of the Board of Visitors of Columbia University Medical Center, serves on the National Advisory Board of the Depression Center at the University of Michigan, is a director of Columbia Psychiatry and is a member of the Advisory Board of the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance. Solomon also serves on the boards of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yaddo and The Alex Fund, which supports the education of Romani children. He is also a fellow of Berkeley College at Yale University and a member of the New York Institute for the Humanities and the Council on Foreign Relations.

Solomon lives with his husband and son in New York and London and is a dual national. He also has a daughter with a college friend; mother and daughter live in Texas but visit often.


More profile about the speaker
Andrew Solomon | Speaker | TED.com