TED2012
Al Vernacchio: Sex needs a new metaphor. Here's one ...
Al Vernacchio: 「性」需要一種全新的象徵法，這裡就有一個例子...
Filmed:
Readability: 3.8
2,110,982 views
教育家 Al Vernacchio 表示，基於某些原因，在美國人們談論「性」時，所用的象徵法都是來自於棒球，像是得分、跑到一壘等等。問題是這種象徵法將「性」形塑成一種競賽，有贏家與輸家。反之，他建議使用一種新的象徵法，這種象徵法傾向於分享喜悅、互相討論、認同彼此、獲得成就感、享受「性」。讓我們來談談披薩吧!
Al Vernacchio - Sexuality educator
In his 12th-grade Sexuality and Society class, Al Vernacchio speaks honestly and positively about human sexuality. Full bio
In his 12th-grade Sexuality and Society class, Al Vernacchio speaks honestly and positively about human sexuality. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'd like to talk to you today
0
581
2270
今天 我想和大家談談
00:14
about a whole new way to think about sexual activity
1
2851
4186
如何用一個全新的角度 去思考性活動
00:19
and sexuality education, by comparison.
2
7037
4073
和性教育 兩者相比
00:23
If you talk to someone today in America
3
11110
2666
如果在美國 今天你和某人談論
00:25
about sexual activity,
4
13776
1824
有關性活動的事情
00:27
you'll find pretty soon you're not just talking
5
15600
3648
你很快就會發現 你不只是在聊
00:31
about sexual activity.
6
19248
1658
性活動
00:32
You're also talking about baseball.
7
20906
3046
你們可能還會聊到棒球
00:35
Because baseball is the dominant cultural metaphor
8
23952
4234
因為棒球是一種主流文化喻象
00:40
that Americans use to think about
9
28186
2518
美國人會想到
00:42
and talk about sexual activity,
10
30704
2849
聊天談到性生活時
00:45
and we know that because there's
11
33553
1524
我們會知道是因為
00:47
all this language in English
12
35077
2608
在英文裡 所有這種言語
00:49
that seems to be talking about baseball
13
37685
2945
都聽起來好像是在講棒球
00:52
but that's really talking about sexual activity.
14
40630
3859
但是其實都是在談論性活動
00:56
So, for example, you can be a pitcher or a catcher,
15
44489
3199
舉個例子 你是位投手或是捕手
00:59
and that corresponds to whether you
16
47688
1927
但其實在比喻
01:01
perform a sexual act or receive a sexual act.
17
49615
3768
你是主動方還是被動方
01:05
Of course, there are the bases,
18
53383
1006
當然說上了幾壘這種就更不用說了
01:06
which refer to specific sexual activities
19
54389
3218
每一壘都代表特定的性活動進度
01:09
that happen in a very specific order,
20
57607
3215
發生在一個非常特定的順序
01:12
ultimately resulting in scoring a run
21
60822
2778
最後就是要跑回本壘得分
01:15
or hitting a home run,
22
63600
1004
或轟出一支全壘打
01:16
which is usually having vaginal intercourse
23
64604
2308
那通常指的是發生第一次性行為
01:18
to the point of orgasm,
24
66912
1712
就有高潮
01:20
at least for the guy.
25
68624
2393
至少男的會有
01:23
(Laughter)
26
71017
1929
(笑聲)
01:24
You can strike out, which means
27
72946
1458
你也可能被三振出局 意思是
01:26
you don't get to have any sexual activity.
28
74404
2528
你沒有進行任何性活動
01:28
And if you're a benchwarmer,
29
76932
1212
如果你是一位板凳球員
01:30
you might be a virgin or somebody who for
30
78144
2561
那可能表示 你是一位處男、處女
01:32
whatever reason isn't in the game,
31
80705
2249
或是一位與這場無關的人
01:34
maybe because of your age or because of your ability
32
82954
3165
可能是因為你的年紀或能力
01:38
or because of your skillset.
33
86119
3046
或是因為你的技巧
01:41
A bat's a penis,
34
89165
1618
球棒指的是男性生殖器
01:42
and a nappy dugout is a vulva, or a vagina.
35
90783
4069
球員休息區則是指女性陰唇或陰道
01:46
A glove or a catcher's mitt is a condom.
36
94852
3108
手套或是捕手套就是保險套
01:49
A switch-hitter is a bisexual person,
37
97960
2917
如果說一個人能夠左右開弓
意思是他是一位雙性戀者
意思是他是一位雙性戀者
01:52
and we gay and lesbian folks play for the other team.
38
100877
3692
不管是男同志還是女同志
01:56
And then there's this one:
39
104569
2599
還有一句話是這麼說的
01:59
"if there's grass on the field, play ball."
40
107168
4024
『只要球場上有草，就可以打球了』
02:03
And that usually refers to
41
111192
2404
這通常是指
02:05
if a young person, specifically often a young woman,
42
113596
3357
如果一位年輕人 通常指的是年輕女性
02:08
is old enough to have pubic hair,
43
116953
1732
她的年紀已經夠大 開始會長陰毛
02:10
she's old enough to have sex with.
44
118685
2725
也表示她已經到適當年紀
可以與他人有性行為
可以與他人有性行為
02:13
This baseball model is incredibly problematic.
45
121410
2983
拿棒球來比喻「性」會造成非常多問題
02:16
It's sexist. It's heterosexist.
46
124393
2351
這種比喻是性別主義 是異性戀主義
02:18
It's competitive. It's goal-directed.
47
126744
2376
具有競爭意味 而且是目標導向
02:21
And it can't result in healthy sexuality
48
129120
2783
這種比喻方式無法導致
02:23
developing in young people or in adults.
49
131903
3048
讓年輕人或成人發展健康的性活動
02:26
So we need a new model.
50
134951
1722
所以我們需要一個新的模範
02:28
I'm here today to offer you that new model.
51
136673
2559
今天我在這裡就是要給大家看看新的模組
02:31
And it's based on
52
139232
1775
這是以
02:33
pizza.
53
141007
1826
披薩為模組
02:34
Now pizza is something that is universally understood
54
142833
3447
現在人人都知道披薩
02:38
and that most people associate with a positive experience.
55
146280
2897
並且大多數人對披薩都有正向經驗
02:41
So let's do this.
56
149177
980
所以我們來試試看
02:42
Let's take baseball and pizza and compare it
57
150157
2969
我們拿棒球和披薩來比較一下
02:45
when talking about three aspects of sexual activity:
58
153126
3444
談到性活動的三個面向的時候
02:48
the trigger for sexual activity,
59
156570
1653
性活動的觸發點
02:50
what happens during sexual activity,
60
158223
2218
在從事性活動的時候
02:52
and the expected outcome of sexual activity.
61
160441
3152
以及希望性活動帶來的結果
02:55
So when do you play baseball?
62
163593
2808
所以你在打棒球的時候?
02:58
You play baseball when it's baseball season
63
166401
2440
你會在球季開始的時候打棒球
03:00
and when there's a game on the schedule.
64
168841
2282
有一場排定的比賽的時候
03:03
It's not exactly your choice.
65
171123
2310
你無法選擇
03:05
So if it's prom night or a wedding night
66
173433
2896
所以如果是舞會之夜或婚禮之夜
03:08
or at a party or if our parents aren't home,
67
176329
3070
或是在派對上或如果我們的父母不在家
03:11
hey, it's just batter up.
68
179399
2732
我們就準備來翻雲覆雨
03:14
Can you imagine saying to your coach,
69
182131
1699
你能想像一下 對你的教練說
03:15
"Uh, I'm not really feeling it today,
70
183830
2588
我今天狀態不太好
03:18
I think I'll sit this game out."
71
186418
2067
我想我還是不要上場比賽
03:20
That's just not the way it happens.
72
188485
2092
事情不是這樣子的
03:22
And when you get together to play baseball,
73
190577
1523
你們在一起打棒球的時候
03:24
immediately you're with two opposing teams,
74
192100
3000
馬上就要分成兩隊
03:27
one playing offense, one playing defense,
75
195100
2330
一邊扮演進攻方 另一邊扮演防守方
03:29
somebody's trying to move deeper into the field.
76
197430
2795
有人想試著更深入球場
03:32
That's usually a sign to the boy.
77
200225
1933
那通常是指的是男生
03:34
Somebody's trying to defend people moving into the field.
78
202158
3036
有人試著防守不讓人進入
03:37
That's often given to the girl.
79
205194
2229
通常指的是女生
03:39
It's competitive.
80
207423
1035
競爭非常激烈
03:40
We're not playing with each other.
81
208458
1789
我們不是在玩
03:42
We're playing against each other.
82
210247
1407
我們是在互相對抗
03:43
And when you show up to play baseball,
83
211654
1932
你要去打棒球的時候
03:45
nobody needs to talk about what we're going to do
84
213586
2544
大家都知道我們要做什麼
03:48
or how this baseball game might be good for us.
85
216130
2541
這場球賽對我們有什麼好處
03:50
Everybody knows the rules.
86
218671
1186
大家都知道規則
03:51
You just take your position and play the game.
87
219857
4456
你就只要站好你的位置 開始比賽
03:56
But when do you have pizza?
88
224313
2360
但是你什麼時候會去吃披薩?
03:58
Well, you have pizza when you're hungry for pizza.
89
226673
4242
當然是在你非常想吃披薩的時候
你就會去吃披薩
你就會去吃披薩
04:02
It starts with an internal sense, an internal desire, or a need.
90
230915
4094
這是源自於一種內在的感受、欲望或是需求
04:07
"Huh. I could go for some pizza."
91
235009
3672
我想去吃披薩
04:10
(Laughter)
92
238681
2257
(笑聲)
04:12
And because it's an internal desire,
93
240938
2977
因為這是一種內在的欲望
04:15
we actually have some sense of control over that.
94
243915
1944
事實上我們有些許控制感
想去控制內在欲望
想去控制內在欲望
04:17
I could decide that I'm hungry
95
245859
1968
我可以決定 我很餓
04:19
but know that it's not a great time to eat.
96
247827
3531
但我知道現在還不到吃飯的時候
04:23
And then when we get together with someone for pizza,
97
251358
2662
我們跟他人一起去吃披薩的時候
04:26
we're not competing with them,
98
254020
2850
我們不是在跟他們競爭
04:28
we're looking for an experience
99
256870
1239
我們是在尋找一種經驗
04:30
that both of us will share
100
258109
1286
讓我們兩個能夠共同分享
04:31
that's satisfying for both of us,
101
259395
2235
同時滿足我們雙方
04:33
and when you get together for pizza with somebody,
102
261630
3005
我們跟某人一起去吃披薩的時候
04:36
what's the first thing you do?
103
264635
1548
第一件事你會做什麼?
04:38
You talk about it.
104
266183
1922
你會討論要吃那種披薩
04:40
You talk about what you want.
105
268105
1531
你會說出你的需求
04:41
You talk about what you like.
106
269636
1493
你會談到你喜歡什麼東西
04:43
You may even negotiate it.
107
271129
1556
你甚至可能會忽略它
04:44
"How do you feel about pepperoni?" (Laughter)
108
272685
2769
你覺得義式香腸好不好吃?(笑聲)
04:47
"Not so much, I'm kind of a mushroom guy myself."
109
275454
2627
感覺還好 我個人比較喜歡吃洋菇
04:50
"Well, maybe we can go half and half."
110
278081
2066
也許我們可以各來一點
04:52
And even if you've had pizza with somebody
111
280147
1951
即使你跟某人一起吃披薩
04:54
for a very long time,
112
282098
3108
已經有一段很長的時間
04:57
don't you still say things like,
113
285206
2062
難道妳不會說這種話 就像是
04:59
"Should we get the usual?"
114
287268
1993
我們應該常吃嗎?
05:01
(Laughter)
115
289261
1163
(笑聲)
05:02
"Or maybe something a little more adventurous?"
116
290424
3757
或者做一些更有冒險感覺的事情
05:06
Okay, so when you're playing baseball,
117
294181
1828
好 所以你在打棒球的時候
05:08
so if we talk about during sexual activity,
118
296009
2124
所以我們在從事性活動的時候
談到棒球
談到棒球
05:10
when you're playing baseball,
119
298133
1374
你在打棒球的時候
05:11
you're just supposed to round the bases
120
299507
2559
你只要去跑壘
05:14
in the proper order one at a time.
121
302066
2480
在一定的順序之下 一次上一壘
05:16
You can't hit the ball and run to right field.
122
304546
2085
你不能擊球
05:18
That doesn't work.
123
306631
1352
那樣沒用
05:19
And you also can't get to second base and say,
124
307983
2318
你也不能跑到二壘 說
05:22
"I like it here. I'm going to stay here."
125
310301
4400
我喜歡在這裡 我想待在這裡
05:26
No.
126
314701
1421
不行
05:28
And also, of course, with baseball, there's, like,
127
316122
2055
當然 說到棒球 當然有
05:30
the specific equipment and a specific skill set.
128
318177
2500
特定的裝備和技巧組合
05:32
Not everybody can play baseball. It's pretty exclusive.
129
320677
3977
不是每個人都可以打棒球
05:36
Okay, but what about pizza?
130
324654
1658
好 但是披薩呢?
05:38
When we're trying to figure out what's good for pizza,
131
326312
2104
我們試著要了解披薩有什麼好吃的時候
05:40
isn't it all about what's our pleasure?
132
328416
3177
這不都與我們的意願有關嗎?
05:43
There are a million different kinds of pizza.
133
331593
1732
有一百萬種不同的披薩
05:45
There's a million different toppings.
134
333325
1686
有一百萬種不同的配料
05:47
There's a million different ways to eat pizza.
135
335011
2402
有一百萬種不同的披薩吃法
05:49
And none of them are wrong. They're different.
136
337413
2949
都沒有錯 他們都不一樣
05:52
And in this case, difference is good,
137
340362
2448
就這個例子而言 有差異是件好事
05:54
because that's going to increase the chance
138
342810
1820
因為這將能夠增加機會
05:56
that we're having a satisfying experience.
139
344630
2836
讓我們有個滿意的經驗
05:59
And lastly, what's the expected outcome of baseball?
140
347466
2960
最後這場棒球賽期望的結果是什麼?
06:02
Well, in baseball, you play to win.
141
350426
3698
在棒球領域而言，你打棒球是為了要獲勝
06:06
You score as many runs as you can.
142
354124
2533
你盡可能多跑壘得分
06:08
There's always a winner in baseball,
143
356657
1988
打棒球的時候 一定會有贏家
06:10
and that means there's always a loser in baseball.
144
358645
3421
也就是說 也會有輸家
06:14
But what about pizza?
145
362066
1656
但披薩呢?
06:15
Well, in pizza, we're not really --
146
363722
2211
就披薩而言 我們不是真的
06:17
there's no winning. How do you win pizza?
147
365933
3667
這方面沒有輸贏 你要怎麼贏得披薩?
06:21
You don't. But you do look for,
148
369600
3255
你沒辦法 但是你會去找披薩
06:24
"Are we satisfied?"
149
372855
1721
我們滿意嗎?
06:26
And sometimes that can be different amounts
150
374576
1893
有時候 我們吃的數量會不一樣
06:28
over different times or with different people
151
376469
1911
次數不一樣 或是跟不同人一起吃
06:30
or on different days.
152
378380
2352
或是在不同日子
06:32
And we get to decide when we feel satisfied.
153
380732
3130
我們必須決定我們什麼時候覺得滿意
06:35
If we're still hungry, we might have some more.
154
383862
2838
如果我們還很餓 可能就多吃一點
06:38
If you eat too much, though,
155
386700
1538
如果你吃太多
06:40
you just feel gross.
156
388238
1905
你只會覺得想吐
06:42
(Laughter)
157
390143
2409
(笑聲)
06:44
So what if we could take this pizza model
158
392552
2686
所以假使我們拿這個披薩模組
06:47
and overlay it on top of sexuality education?
159
395238
3372
套用在性教育上
06:50
A lot of sexuality education that happens today
160
398610
2539
今日許多性教育
06:53
is so influenced by the baseball model,
161
401149
3426
都深受棒球模組的影響
06:56
and it sets up education that can't help
162
404575
3793
以這種模組建立起的教育
07:00
but produce unhealthy sexuality in young people.
163
408368
3733
不得不對年輕人產生不健康的性活動
07:04
And those young people become older people.
164
412101
2263
讓那些年輕人的思想變得更老化
07:06
But if we could create sexuality education
165
414364
3459
但是如果我們能創造出一套性教育方式
07:09
that was more like pizza,
166
417823
2349
更像是披薩譬喻的方法
07:12
we could create education that invites people
167
420172
3448
我們創造出一套教育方法 邀請民眾
07:15
to think about their own desires,
168
423620
2295
思考他們自己的性欲
07:17
to make deliberate decisions about what they want,
169
425915
3252
經過深思熟慮做下他們想要的決定
07:21
to talk about it with their partners,
170
429167
2632
跟他們的父母談談「性」
07:23
and to ultimately look for
171
431799
1673
最後
07:25
not some external outcome
172
433472
3144
不是要尋找外部結果
07:28
but for what feels satisfying,
173
436616
3157
而是要尋找怎樣會讓我們覺得滿意
07:31
and we get to decide that.
174
439773
2519
我們必須決定
07:34
You may have noticed
175
442292
761
你們可能已經注意到
07:35
in the baseball and pizza comparison,
176
443053
2879
在棒球和披薩的比較之下
07:37
under the baseball, it's all commands.
177
445932
2840
在棒球領域 都是命令的方式
07:40
They're all exclamation points.
178
448772
2097
他們都是驚嘆號
07:42
But under the pizza model, they're questions.
179
450869
3069
但是在披薩模組 他們都是問號
07:45
And who gets to answer those questions?
180
453938
1848
誰會回答這些問題呢?
07:47
You do. I do.
181
455786
3694
你會 我也會
07:51
So remember, when we're thinking about
182
459480
1900
所已請記得 當我們想到
07:53
sexuality education and sexual activity,
183
461380
2746
性教育 性活動
07:56
baseball, you're out.
184
464126
2190
棒球的時候 你就出局了
07:58
Pizza is the way to think about healthy,
185
466316
3232
披薩是一種方式 思考健康
08:01
satisfying sexual activity,
186
469548
2440
令人滿意的性活動
08:03
and good, comprehensive sexuality education.
187
471988
2940
和適當且具廣泛性的性教育
08:06
Thank you very much for your time.
188
474928
2230
謝謝大家
08:09
(Applause)
189
477158
4662
(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Al Vernacchio - Sexuality educatorIn his 12th-grade Sexuality and Society class, Al Vernacchio speaks honestly and positively about human sexuality.
Why you should listen
Al Vernacchio teaches at Friends’ Central, a private Quaker school just outside Philadelphia. His positive, enthusiastic and often humorous approach to comprehensive sexuality education (rather than abstinence-only education) has made “Mr. V.” a popular speaker -- and has recently brought him to the attention of the New York Times Magazine, which profiled his class in the November 20, 2011, cover story "Teaching Good Sex". When not talking about sexuality, Vernacchio teaches English and is the faculty moderator of the school's Gay-Straight Alliance. He's also a seasoned wedding officiant.
Al Vernacchio | Speaker | TED.com